Urban Transportation Design in a bi-cultural environment by Chuyang Zheng

Zheng Chuyang

Urban Transportation Design in a bi-cultural environment

Kashgar today and in history 2

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I was impressed with the extensive civilization I have found in the Uyghur city. The beauty of the temples, monasteries, wall paintings, statues, towers, gardens, housings and the palaces built throughout the city cannot be described. The Uyghurs skilfully make things of silver and gold, vases and pitchers. Some say that God has infused this talent into these people only. A Chinese in the Karakhoja Uyghur City in 981-984

Kashgar Located in Central Asia, Kashgar is an ancient oasis town and vibrant urban centre, and a major hub of the historical Silk Road. GEOGRAPHY. Kashgar (Uyghur: ‫ﻗﻪﺷﻘﻪﺭ‬‎/ Qeshqer, Chinese: 喀什噶尔) is a significant and legendary city of Central Asia. It is located in the south-west of the present-day Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China and shares borders with neighbouring Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan. Including surrounding Uyghur villages, Kashgar has a population of approximately 3.5 million. HISTORY. Kashgar has a long history that goes back to the Indo-Greek Kushan Empire more than 2,000 years ago. The earliest settlers there were Tocharians, an Indo-European people. After the Tocharians had vanished, the Huns, Persians, Mongols, Uyghurs,

and other Turkic groups over the course of many centuries poured into the city for business or conquest. In the Eurasian overland trade route network commonly known as Silk Road, Kashgar played a vital role in the exchange of not only goods but also ideas, religions, customs and knowledge between East and West. In 1949, the area became a part of the People’s Republic of China and was subsequently termed Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Since then, a lot of Han-Chinese have made their way to Kashgar. Today, 77% of the population are Muslim Turkic Uyghurs, while Han-Chinese residents have increased their share to 22%, up from just 6% in the 1950s.

A cultural blend Kashgar’s religious and cultural landscapes have experienced various influences. Prior to Islamisation, people practised Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and there were also Nestorian Christians. To date, complementing the Turkic roots of its Uyghur population, it is the Persian-Islamic culture that has dominated Kashgar. With modern development the city has seen an initially strong Russian and recently stronger Chinese influence. PEOPLE. The local culture of Kashgar is essentially a mix displaying old Turkic roots, the inheritance from previous generations of Persian residents, the Islamic and later the Russian influence. All modern influences not withstanding, Islam continues to play a major role a thousand years after Islamization.

RELIGIONS. Ancient Buddhist cave paintings were found in Xinjiang. While the present-day Uyghur’s religion is no longer Buddhism we can nonetheless rediscover certain inherited elements, certain graphical patterns in Uyghur farmers’ artworks of today. It is these overarching ancient style elements that make Uyghur culture so unique.

EXPLORING QIZIL MING ÖY. These above pictures are ancient cave paintings from the Qizil Ming Öy caves, which depict Buddhist themes. Below these, contemporary Uyghur farmers’ artworks which display a remarkable resemblance to those above, in colour, shape and overall style.

1. 2. Paintings from the Qizil Ming Öy 3. 4. Uyghur farmers’ artworks

Culture elements

CLOTHES. Etles is a kind of Uyghur silk, which is famous of its bright colours and the exquisite patterns. In daily life, the Uyghur hat â&#x20AC;&#x201C; doppa â&#x20AC;&#x201C; is very popular and can be seen everywhere in the city. ARCHITECTURE. Uyghur architecture basically follows the Persian style, in which arabesques are widely used. This is true especially for mosques. FOOD. Kashgar is also well-known for its fruits. As the harvesting season approaches, the city and its surroundings are famed for an abundant supply of pomegranates, figs, apricots, almonds and watermelons.

1. Etles silk 2. Doppa 3. Emin Minaret 4. Apricots

Diamond shape & rhythmic pattern According to the analysis of Uyghur graphical objects, two major culture elements stand out very obviously â&#x20AC;&#x201D; the diamond shape and a rhythmic pattern. DIAMOND SHAPE. The arabesque is an artistic decoration, which is based on complicated rhythmic plain patterns. It is widely used in almost all forms of Uyghur decoration and architecture. The diamond shape is the most common component of it, representing a passion as well as ample possibilities for graphic extension. In the Arabic script, Persian Naskh is the main handwriting style. The diacritical dots in letters also have the typical diamond shape.

RHYTHMIC PATTERN. The rhythmic patterns can be visualised as a graphic element in architecture, clothes and in fact any sort of decoration. It can furthermore be argued that it represents more than just a graphic element and may also be thought of as a thinking pattern of the Uyghurs. The old town of Kashgar is laid out in a rhythmic way that relates to the above observation. The old town, from a birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s-eye view, exhibits a consistent rhythmic pattern, and there seems to be an optical harmony between different buildings.

Design elements

BLUE. In Uyghur people’s view, blue color has a very important, even symbolic value. It stands for the sky (kök asman). Regardless of this local meaning, blue is a standard colour for transportation systems in many places and used in regular signs.

YELLOW. The lush yellow colour is extracted from the Héytgah mosque, the single most significant building in Kashgar, in terms of architecture, local cultural and religious life and tourist attraction. The colour is therefore to be used for all signs leading to and located at places of interest (i.e. tourist attractions) in and around Kashgar.

BROWN. Kashgar old town represents the local Uyghur residents’ daily lives. There, the dominant colour is a peaceful brown that rests upon the mud-brick houses, providing shelter in the Central Asian winter and shade in the Central Asian summer. Brown is therefore to be used for public places and institutions all over the city.

Colours To pick local colours from the city is a way to represent its culture. Kashgar itself is a place that is full of colours, a feast for the eyes. 11

1. Mountain 2. Héytgah 3. Kashgar old city

Typefaces Above all, Arabic scripts, Chinese characters and Latin scripts should been designed on the same level, none receiving precedence over the other. The resulting typeface must be harmonious in terms of typography and at the same time suit the cultural background of the local community of Kashgar. A SINGLE TYPEFACE FOR 3 LANGUAGES. Without a doubt, in Kashgar it is the Arabic script that plays the most important role in the typeface system. Choosing a typeface for Uyghur is more difficult than for English and Chinese as the choices available are very limited. This was therefore the

first task. Three principles were formulated to make a decision concerning the Uyghur typeface. For its beautiful simplicity and good readability, the decision fell on Frutiger Arabic, which was designed by Lebanese designer Nadine Chahine. Obviously, it was

not necessary to choose another Latin font than Frutiger itself. The Chinese typeface FZ LanTing was added to match Frutiger. FZ LanTing has a similar flavour as Frutiger, and rich weights. To have 3 scripts of the same weight is an essential requirement.

1. The typeface must be suitable for information design. 2. It should match the Latin and Chinese typefaces. 3. An Uyghur flavour typeface should be chosen. 12

‫و‬ ‫‪13‬‬

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‫‪15‬‬

永 16

FONT SIZE. Uyghur and Chinese must be visually equal, which is a rule set by the Kashgar government, as both are offical languages. The Chinese script looks however a bit larger when it is in the same font size as the other two. After a test, when the Chinese script is 96% of the English and Uyghur font size, it is in concordance with them.

WRITING DIRECTION. The writing direction of the Arabic script is from right to left, which is negative from English. The Chinese script doesn’t have a certain direction of writing, which both can be applied. Centre align is generally applied in this project, whereas left align is optional and used whenever needed.

‫ﺩﯙﻟﻪﺗﺒﺎﻍ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Döletbagh Str. 多来特巴格路多来特巴格路 LEADING. The Arabic script has more complicated descenders and ascenders than Latin script, and a shorter x-height. But Chinese script has no system similar to that, so the leadings must be seperately considered. As a conclusion, the leading of Uyghur and English is a little larger than usual, as the Arabic script has longer descender. The leading of Chinese is smaller than that of the others.

LANGUAGE ORDER. The Chinese characters look heavier than both Uyghur and English. When it is in the bottom, the whole set looks most stable. On the upper part, being an official language, Uyghur is placed above and English below.

Pictograms Pictogram = Frutiger + Diamond. A great method to design icons, matching up the typeface and associate with the culture element.

Pictograms are designed following the taste of Frutiger, which have similar weight and structure. The diamond shape element is added wherever possible, in order to represent the local culture of Kashgar.

LOCALIZATION. Not only the pictogram for mosque, but also the ones that have practical usage should be considered in much the same way. For example, the pictogram of Uyghur halal food (nan & kebab) in Kashgar is more significant than an outsider may think. Muslims are very careful about their food choices, especially when eating out. Therefore, a clear pictogram needs to be designed.

1. Pictogram of Uyghur food

Transportation Design 21

Bus routes map The idea behind it is to integrate the local traditional graphic elements into the larger framework of modern information design. INTERLACE LINES. As the applications of the diamond shape and rhythmic pattern design is concerned, the oldest Arabic calligraphy style â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Kufic and Islamic Uyghur patterns became important references for the bus routes map design which includes a large amount of complicated smart interlace lines. Based on these observations, a system of interlace lines was abstracted and optimized.

1. 2. Kufic script 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Uyghur patterns

‫ﺋﺎﻳﺮﻭﺩﺭﻭﻡ‬ Airport 飞机场

2 ‫ﻧﻪﺯهﺭﺑﺎﻍ ﻧﺎﮬﺎﺯﯨﺴﻰ‬ Nezerbagh Township 乃则尔巴格乡 24

15 ‫ﺋﺎﻕ ﻣﻪﺳﭽﯩﺖ‬ Aq Meschit 阿克木其提

‫ﻛﯚﻙ ﺋﯧﺮﯨﻖ ﻛﻪﻧﺘﻰ‬ Kök Ériq Kenti 库茹克热克村

28 ‫ﺷﯩﭙﺎﺧﺎﻧﺎ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﯘﺭﺧﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ Wujing Hospital 武警医院 12

‫ﺟﯘﯕﮕﻮ ﭘﻮﭼﺘﯩﺴﻰ‬ China Post 邮电局

‫ﮬﯩﻴﺘﮕﺎھ‬ Héytgah 艾提尕尔

‫ﺷﯩﻨﺨﻮﺍ ﻛﯩﺘﺎﭘﺨﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ Xinhua Bookstore 新华书店

‫ﺷﻪﺭﻗﯩﻲ ﭼﻮڭ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Sherqiy Chong Köwrük 东大桥

‫ﺗﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Taxta Köwrük 塔合提可力克

‫ﺗﺎﺭﺑﻮﻏﯘﺯ ﻛﻪﻧﺘﻰ‬ Tarboghuz Village 塔吾古孜村

‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﻠﯘﻕ ﺳﺎﺭﯨﻴﻰ‬ Dostluq Sariyi 友谊大厦

‫ۋﻭﮔﺰﺍﻝ‬ Train Station 火车站

‫ﻛﯚﻣﯜﺭﺧﺎﻧﺎ‬ Coal Storage 煤厂

‫ﻳﯧﯖﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ Yéngi Bazar 两亚市场

‫ﻳﯧﻴﻠﯩﺨﺎﻥ‬ Yéylixan 热衣巷

‫ﺷﯩﻨﻴﯩﻔﺎ ﺳﻮﺩﺍ ﺷﻪﮬﻪﺭﭼﯩﺴﻰ‬ Xinyifa Commercial District 新怡发商贸城

‫ﺷﻪﺭﻗﯩﻲ ﻛﯚﻝ ﺑﺎﻏﭽﯩﺴﻰ‬ East Lake Park 东湖公园

‫ﺋﺎۋﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﮬﯩﻴﯩﺴﻰ‬ Awat Township 阿瓦提乡

‫ﻗﻪﺩﯨﻤﻰ ﺟﺎﻱ‬ Qedimi Jay 克地木加衣

5 ‫ ﻏﻪﺭﺑﯩﻲ ﺩﯨﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻪﻳﺪﺍﻧﻰ‬4 Gherbiy Diyar Square 西域广场

‫ﺷﺎﻣﺎﻟﺒﺎﻍ ﻧﺎﮬﺎﺯﯨﺴﻰ‬ 9 Shamalbagh Township 13 夏马勒巴格乡

‫ﺧﻪﻟﻖ ﺑﺎﻏﭽﯩﺴﻰ‬ People’s Park 人民公园

‫ﺋﯩﻜﻜﯩﻨﭽﻰ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﯘﺭﺧﺎﻧﺎ‬ No. 2 Hospital ‫ﻳﯜﺳﯜپ ﺧﺎﺱ ﮬﺎﺟﯩﭗ ﻗﻪﺑﺮﯨﮕﺎﮬﻰ‬ 二医院 Tomb of Yusuf Has Hajib

‫ﺳﯘ ﺋﯩﺸﻠﯩﺮﻯ ﺋﯩﺪﺍﺭﯨﺴﻰ‬ Water Recources Bureau 水利处

‫ﺗﻪﻧﺘﻪﺭﺑﯩﻴﻪ ﻣﻪﻳﺪﺍﻧﻰ‬ Stadium 体育场

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The informtion was from Kashgar transportation website in 2009.

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‫ﺋﺎﺧﯩﺮﻗﻰ ﺑﯧﻜﻪﺕ‬ Terminus 终点站

‫ﺋﺎﭘﺘﻮﺑﯘﺱ ﻟﯩﻨﯩﻴﯩﺴﻰ‬ Bus Route Number 公交线路

‫ﮔﯧﺌﻮﻟﻮگ ﺋﻪﺗﺮﯨﺘﻰ‬ Geological Brigade 地质队

‫ﺋﻪﺳﻜﻰ ﺳﺎﺭ‬ Eski Sar 班超城 ‫ﺩۆﻟﻪﺗﺒﺎﻍ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Döletbagh yoli 多来特巴格路

‫ﻗﯩﺰﯨﻠﺴﯘ ﺩهﺭﻳﺎﺳﻰ‬ Qizilsu River 克孜勒苏河

‫ﻳﯧﯖﯩﺸﻪﮬﻪﺭ‬ Yéngisheher 疏勒县城关镇

‫ﺷﻪﮬﻪﺭﻟﯩﻚ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﯘﺭﺧﺎﻧﺎ‬ Kashgar Hospital 市医院

玉素甫·哈斯·哈吉甫陵墓

‫ﺋﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﯧﻬﻤﺎﻧﺨﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ Astana Hotel 阿斯塔娜宾馆

‫ﺑﯧﻜﻪﺕ‬ Bus Stop 车站

‫ﺋﯜﭼﯩﻨﭽﻰ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﭙﻮﺭﺕ‬ No. 3 Transport 三运司

‫ﻗﯩﺰﯨﻞ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Qizil Köwrük 七里桥

‫ﺋﺎﻧﺎﺭﻟﯩﻖ ﺋﺎﻳﻠﯩﻨﯩﻤﺎ‬ Anar Roundabout 石榴转盘

Key 图例 ‫ﺋﺎﭼﻘﯘچ‬

‫ﺷﻪﺭﻗﯩﻲ ﻛﯚﻝ‬ East Lake 东湖 ‫ﺋﯜﭼﯩﻨﭽﻰ ﺋﻮﺗﺘﯘﺭﺍ ﻣﻪﻛﺘﯩﭙﻰ‬ No. 3 Middle School 第三中学

‫ﺋﯜﭼﯩﻨﭽﻰ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﯘﺭﺧﺎﻧﺎ‬ No. 3 A.D. Hospital 农三师医院

‫ﻗﯘﺷﭽﻰ‬ Qushchi 库什其

‫ﺗﯘﺑﯧﺮﻛﯘﻟﻴﯘﺯ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﯘﺭﺧﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ Tuberculosis Hospital 结核医院

‫ﻗﯘﺭۇﻟﯘﺵ ﺋﯩﺪﺍﺭﯨﺴﻰ‬ Water Recources Bureau 工程处 ‫ﻗﻪﺩﻣﻰ ﺷﻪﮬﻪﺭ ﻣﯧﻬﻤﺎﻧﺨﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ Qedmi Sheher Hotel 古城饭店

‫ﮔﯘﺯه‬ Guze 东门

‫ﻗﻮﻏﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﮬﺎﺯﯨﺴﻰ‬ Qoghan Township 浩罕乡

‫ﺋﺎﭘﺎﻕ ﺧﻮﺟﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺯﯨﺮﻯ‬ 20 Apaq Ghojam Maziri 阿帕克和卓麻扎

‫ﻗﻪﺷﻘﻪﺭ ﻗﻪﺩﯨﻤﯩﻲ ﺷﻪﮬﯩﺮﻯ‬ The Old City of Kashgar 喀什噶尔老城 ‫ﮬﯩﻴﺘﮕﺎھ ﻣﻪﺳﭽﯩﺖ‬ Héytgah Meschit 艾提尕尔清真寺

‫ﻛﻮﻧﺎ ﺷﻪﻫﻪﺭ‬ Kona Sheher 疏附县

‫ ﭘﯧﺪﺍﮔﻮﮔﯩﻜﺎ ﺋﯩﺴﺘﯩﺘﯘﺗﻰ‬17 Normal Institute 师范学院

‫ﻳﻪﺗﺘﯩﻨﭽﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻼﻧﻐﯘچ ﻣﻪﻛﺘﯩﭙﻰ‬ No. 7 Primary School 第七小学

‫ﻳﺎۋﺍﻍ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Yawagh Köwrük 民贸商场

‫ﺳﻪﻣﻪﻥ ﻣﯧﻬﻤﺎﻧﺨﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ Semen Hotel 色满宾馆

21 ‫ﺋﺎﺗﯘﺵ ﺑﯧﻜﯩﺘﻰ‬ Atush Terminal 阿图什客运站

‫ﺷﯩﻤﺎﻟﯩﻲ ﭼﻮڭ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Shimaliy Chong Köwrük 北大桥

‫ﺗﺎﻣﻮژﻧﺎ‬ Custom 海关

‫ﺗﯧﺨﻨﯩﻚ ﺋﯩﺸﭽﯩﻼﺭ ﻣﻪﻛﺘﯩﭙﻰ‬ Vestibule School 技工学校

‫ﺋﺎﭘﺘﻮﺑﯘﺱ ﺋﯩﺴﺘﺎﻧﺴﯩﺴﻰ‬ Bus Station 国际汽车站 2

‫ﺳﻪﻣﻪﻥ ﻧﺎﮬﺎﺯﯨﺴﻰ‬ Semen Township 色满乡

‫ﺑﯘﺟﺎ ﻛﻪﻧﺘﻰ‬ Buja Village 布恰村

‫ﺧﻪﻟﻖ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﯘﺭﺧﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ People’s Hospital 人民医院

‫ﻗﻪﺷﻘﻪﺭ ﺋﺎﭘﺘﻮﺑﯘﺱ ﺧﻪﺭﯨﺘﯩﺴﻰ‬ Bus routes in Kashgar 喀什嘎尔公交车路线图

‫ﺗﻮﻗﯘﻣﭽﯩﻠﯩﻖ ﺯﺍۋۇﺗﻰ‬ Textile Mill 纺织厂 ‫ﻳﯧﺰﺍ ﺋﯩﮕﯩﻠﯩﻜﻰ ﻣﻪﻛﺘﯩﭙﻰ‬ Agriculture School 农校 18

‫ﮬﻪﺭﺑﯩﻲ ﻣﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﭼﯩﻼﺵ ﭘﻮﻧﻜﯩﺘﻰ‬ A.D. Petroleum 兵团加油站

‫ﺭﯦﻤﻮﻧﺖ ﺯﺍۋۇﺗﻰ‬ Repair Factory 修理厂

‫ﻳﯜهﻧﻔﺎڭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻯ‬ Yuanfang Market 远方建材市场

‫ﻳﺎۋﺍﻍ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Yawagh Köwrük 民贸商场

‫ﺗﺎﻣﻮژﻧﺎ‬ Custom 海关

‫ﻗﻪﺷﻘﻪﺭ ﻗﻪﺩﯨﻤﯩﻲ ﺷﻪﮬﯩﺮﻯ‬ The Old City of Kashgar 喀什噶尔老城 ‫ﮬﯩﻴﺘﮕﺎھ ﻣﻪﺳﭽﯩﺖ‬ Héytgah Meschit 艾提尕尔清真寺

28 ‫ﺟﯘﯕﮕﻮ ﭘﻮﭼﺘﯩﺴﻰ‬ China Post 邮电局

‫ﻗﯘﺭۇﻟﯘﺵ ﺋﯩﺪﺍﺭﯨﺴﻰ‬ ater Recources Bureau 工程处

‫ﮔﯘﺯه‬ Guze 东门

‫ﮬﯩﻴﺘﮕﺎھ‬ Héytgah 艾提尕尔

‫ﺷﯩﻨﺨﻮﺍ ﻛﯩﺘﺎﭘﺨﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ Xinhua Bookstore 新华书店

14 ‫ﺧﻪﻟﻖ ﺑﺎﻏﭽﯩﺴﻰ‬ People’s Park 人民公园

‫ﻝ ﺑﺎﻏﭽﯩﺴﻰ‬ East La 东湖

‫ ﻗﻮﻏﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﮬﺎﺯﯨﺴﻰ‬Xinhua Bookstore Qoghan Township 新华书店浩罕乡

‫ﺋﯩﻜﻜﯩﻨﭽﻰ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﯘﺭﺧﺎﻧﺎ‬ No. 2 Hospital ‫ﺋﺎﭘﺎﻕ ﺧﻮﺟﺎﻡ‬ ojam Maziri二医院

克和卓麻扎1

‫ﻗﯘ‬ ureau k 1

1. Crossing 2. Tourist place 3. Train station

‫ﺳﯜپ ﺧﺎﺱ ﮬﺎﺟﯩﭗ ﻗﻪﺑﺮﯨﮕﺎﮬﻰ‬ Tomb of Yusuf Has Hajib 玉素甫·哈斯·哈吉甫陵墓

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‫ﺑﺎﻏﭽﯩﺴﻰ‬ ‫ۋﻭﮔﺰﺍﻝ‬ People’s ‫ﻣﯧﻬﻤﺎﻧﺨﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ Train Station ‫ﺋﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﺎ‬ 人民公 Astana Hotel 火车站阿斯塔娜宾馆

Bus stops The Kashgar bus stop symbol, a blue diamond with Kufic script shining in the sky. It is eye-catching, symbolic, and attractive.

BUS STOP SYMBOL. The bus stop sign carries the Uyghur word bĂŠket (bus stop) in Square Kufic style, which is an abstracted stylised form of the archaic Kufic script.

A diagram showing the evolution of the bus stop symbol.

2 ‫ﺋﺎﻳﺮﻭﺩﺭﻭﻡ‬ Airport 飞机场

7 ‫ﺗﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Taxta Köwrük 塔合提可力克

8 ‫ﻗﯩﺰﯨﻞ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Qizil Köwrük 七里桥

13 ‫ﺷﺎﻣﺎﻟﺒﺎﻍ ﻧﺎﮬﺎﺯﯨﺴﻰ‬ Shamalbagh Township 夏马勒巴格乡

22 ‫ﻗﯘﺷﭽﻰ‬ Qushchi 库什其

28 ‫ۋﻭﮔﺰﺍﻝ‬ Train Station 火车站 5

‫ﻰ‬ Bu ‫ﻛﻪﻧﺘ‬ ja ‫ﺟﺎ‬ V ‫ﺑﯘ‬ 村 illag e

恰

‫ﻰ‬ Bu ‫ﻛﻪﻧﺘ‬ ja ‫ﺟﺎ‬ V ‫ﺑﯘ‬ 村 illag e

恰

布

‫ﻙ‬ Ta ‫ﯚۋﺭۈ‬ xt a ‫ﺘﺎ ﻛ‬ 提 Köw ‫ﺗﺎﺧ‬ 可力 rü 克 k

合

‫ﺯﺍﺭ‬ Yé ‫ﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ng ‫ﯧﯖ‬ i ‫ﻳ‬ 市 Ba 场 za

亚

塔

两

‫ﻰ‬ Xin ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻧﯩ‬ hu ‫ﺘﺎﭘﺨﺎ‬ 书 a B ‫ﻛﯩ‬ 店 oo ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ks ‫ﺷﯩﻨﺨ‬ to re ‫ﻰ‬ Ch ‫ﺴ‬ in ‫ﻮﭼﺘﯩ‬ a ‫ﭘ‬ 局 Po ‫ﮕﻮ‬ st ‫ﯘﯕ‬ ‫ﺟ‬

‫ﻰ‬ G ‫ﻳﺪﺍﻧ‬ 西 her ‫ﻣﻪ‬ 域 biy ‫ﻴﺎﺭ‬ 广 ‫ﺩﯨ‬ 场 Diy ‫ﻲ‬ ar ‫ﺑﯩ‬ Sq ‫ﻏﻪﺭ‬ uar e

电

华

邮

新

‫ﺷ‬

‫ﻪﺭ‬

‫ﻰ‬ Ea ‫ﺴ‬ st ‫ﺎﻏﭽﯩ‬ La ‫ﺑ‬ 公 ke ‫ﻛﯚﻝ‬ 园 Pa ‫ﻲ‬ rk ‫ﻗﯩ‬

湖

东

大

东

‫ﻙ‬ Sh ‫ﯚۋﺭۈ‬ er ‫ﻛ‬ q ‫ڭ‬ 桥 iy C ‫ﭼﻮ‬ ho ‫ﻲ‬ ng ‫ﻗﯩ‬ ‫ﻪﺭ‬ Kö ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺯه‬ w G ‫ﮔﯘ‬ rü u k 东 ze 门

‫ﻯ‬ A ‫ﻣﺎﺯﯨﺮ‬ 阿 paq ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ 帕克 Gh ‫ﺧﻮ‬ 和 oja ‫ﻕ‬ ‫ﺎﭘﺎ‬ 卓麻 mM ‫ﺋ‬ 扎 az ‫ﻙ‬ iri Ta ‫ﯚۋﺭۈ‬ 塔 xta ‫ﻛ‬ 合 ‫ﺘﺎ‬ 提 Köw ‫ﺗﺎﺧ‬ 可力 rü 克 k 13

布

合

‫ﻙ‬ Ta ‫ﯚۋﺭۈ‬ xt a ‫ﺘﺎ ﻛ‬ 提 Köw ‫ﺗﺎﺧ‬ 可力 rü 克 k

23 ‫ﺯﺍﺭ‬ Yé ‫ﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ng ‫ﯧﯖ‬ i ‫ﻳ‬ 市 Ba 场 za

亚

塔

‫ﻲ‬ 噶 ld Ci ‫ﻤﯩ‬ 尔老 ty ‫ﻗﻪﺩﯨ‬ 城 of Kas ‫ﺷﻘﻪﺭ‬ hg ‫ﻗﻪ‬ ar

‫ﻯ‬ Th ‫ﮬﯩﺮ‬ e ‫ﺷﻪ‬ O 什

‫ﻙ‬ Ta ‫ﯚۋﺭۈ‬ xt a ‫ﺘﺎ ﻛ‬ 提 Köw ‫ﺗﺎﺧ‬ 可力 rü 克 k 合

塔

‫ﻙ‬ Sh ‫ﯚۋﺭۈ‬ er ‫ﻛ‬ 大 qiy ‫ڭ‬ 桥 Ch ‫ﻲ ﭼﻮ‬ on ‫ﻗﯩ‬ g ‫ﻪﺭ‬ Köw ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ rü N ‫ﻛﺘﯩﭙ‬ k 第 oÆ ‫ﻣﻪ‬ 七 7 ‫ﯘچ‬ 小 Pr ‫ﻧﻐ‬ 学 im ‫ﻼ‬ ar ‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬ y Sc ‫ﻰ‬ ho ‫ﺘﯩﻨﭽ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺭ‬ ol ‫ﻪﺗ‬ Yé ‫ﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ 两 ng ‫ﯧﯖ‬ 亚 i Ba ‫ﻳ‬ 市场 za r 东

‫ﺯه‬ G ‫ﮔﯘ‬ 东 uze 门

喀

‫ھ‬ H ‫ﻴﺘﮕﺎ‬ 艾 éytg ‫ﮬﯩ‬ 提尕 ah 尔

两

‫ﮬﯧﻴﺘﮕﺎھ‬ Héytgah 艾提尕尔

‫ﺗﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﻛﯚۋﺭۈﻙ‬ Taxta Köwrük 塔合提可力克 BUS STOP SIGNPOSTS. There are two options for the bus stop signposts. The left one may be used for bus stops with less lines. The right one is bigger and contains bus routes information in detail.

23 21

23 7 24

21 7 24

1 2

1. Bus stop option 1 2. Bus stop option 2

30 2 17

8 28 11 20

‫ﻰ‬ G ‫ﺪﺍﻧ‬ 西 her ‫ﻣﻪﻳ‬ 域 bi ‫ﺎﺭ‬ 广 y D ‫ﺩﯨﻴ‬ 场 iy ‫ﻲ‬ ar ‫ﺑﯩ‬ Sq ‫ﻏﻪﺭ‬ ua re

‫ﻰ‬ B ‫ﻪﻧﺘ‬ 布 uja ‫ﺎ ﻛ‬ 恰 V ‫ﯘﺟ‬ 村 ill ‫ﺑ‬ ag e

‫ﻙ‬ Ta ‫ۋﺭۈ‬ 塔 xta ‫ﻛﯚ‬ 合 ‫ﺎ‬ 提 Kö ‫ﺗﺎﺧﺘ‬ 可 w 力 rü 克 k

‫ﺍﺭ‬ Yé ‫ﻰ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ 两 ng ‫ﯧﯖ‬ 亚 iB ‫ﻳ‬ 市 a 场 za

东

塔

‫ﻙ‬ Ta ‫ۋﺭۈ‬ xt ‫ﯚ‬ 合 a K ‫ﺧﺘﺎ ﻛ‬ 提 ö ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 可 w 力 rü 克 k

‫ﺍﺭ‬ Yé ‫ﻰ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ng ‫ﯖ‬ 亚 i B ‫ﻳﯧ‬ 市 a 场 za

两

‫ﻰ‬ Ea ‫ﺴ‬ st ‫ﻏﭽﯩ‬ 湖 La ‫ﻝ ﺑﺎ‬ 公 ke ‫ﯚ‬ 园 Pa ‫ﻲ ﻛ‬ rk ‫ﻗﯩ‬ ‫ﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ Xi ‫ﯩ‬ 新 nh ‫ﺨﺎﻧ‬ 华 ua ‫ﺘﺎﭘ‬ ‫ﻛﯩ‬ 书店 Boo ‫ﻮﺍ‬ ks ‫ﺷﯩﻨﺨ‬ to re ‫ﻰ‬ Ch ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﯩ‬ 邮 in ‫ﻮﭼﺘ‬ 电 aP ‫ﭘ‬ 局 o ‫ﮕﻮ‬ st ‫ﯘﯕ‬ ‫ﺟ‬

‫ﻯ‬ A ‫ﺎﺯﯨﺮ‬ 阿 paq ‫ﻡ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ 帕克 Gh ‫ﺧﻮ‬ 和 oj ‫ﻕ‬ 卓 am ‫ﺎﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﺋ‬ 麻扎 Ma zi ‫ﻙ‬ ri ‫ۈ‬ Ta ‫ۋﺭ‬ 塔 xta ‫ﻛﯚ‬ 合 ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ 提 Kö ‫ﺗﺎﺧ‬ 可 w 力 rü 克 k ‫ﻙ‬ Sh ‫ۋﺭۈ‬ 东 er ‫ﻛﯚ‬ 大 qiy ‫ڭ‬ 桥 Ch ‫ﻲ ﭼﻮ‬ on ‫ﯩ‬ g ‫ﻪﺭﻗ‬ Kö ‫ﺷ‬ w ‫ﺯه‬ rü G ‫ﮔﯘ‬ uz k 东 e 门

‫ﻙ‬ Ta ‫ۋﺭۈ‬ 塔 xta ‫ﻛﯚ‬ 合 ‫ﺎ‬ 提 Kö ‫ﺗﺎﺧﺘ‬ 可 w 力 rü 克 k

‫ﻙ‬ Sh ‫ۋﺭۈ‬ 东 er ‫ﻛﯚ‬ 大 qiy ‫ڭ‬ 桥 Ch ‫ﻲ ﭼﻮ‬ on ‫ﯩ‬ g ‫ﻪﺭﻗ‬ Kö ‫ﺷ‬ w ‫ﻰ‬ rü ‫ﭙ‬ N ‫ﺘﯩ‬ k o ‫ﻛ‬ 第 . 7 ‫ﻣﻪ‬ 七 ‫چ‬ 小 Pri ‫ﻐﯘ‬ 学 ma ‫ﻼﻧ‬ ry ‫ﺷ‬ Sc ‫ﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ho ‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺭ‬ ol ‫ﺘﯩﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻪﺗ‬ Yé ‫ﻰ ﺑ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ 两 ng ‫ﯧﯖ‬ 亚 iB ‫ﻳ‬ 市 a 场 za r

‫ﻯ‬ Th ‫ﮬﯩﺮ‬ 喀 e O ‫ﺷﻪ‬ 什 ‫ﻲ‬ 噶 ld C ‫ﻤﯩ‬ 尔老 ity ‫ﻗﻪﺩﯨ‬ 城 of Ka ‫ﻘﻪﺭ‬ sh ‫ﻪﺷ‬ ‫ﺯه‬ ‫ﯘ‬ ga ‫ﻗ‬ G ‫ﮔ‬ r 东 uze 门

‫ھ‬ H ‫ﻴﺘﮕﺎ‬ 艾 éyt ‫ﮬﯩ‬ 提 ga 尕 h 尔

BUS ROUTES. Each bus route has its own colour. Diamonds here are used to signify the stops along the line. For example, the one with a thick outline stands for the current stop, and the regular small diamond in white stands for coming stops, meanwhile the grey ones stand for bus stops in the other direction. 24

23 21

21 7

Signs The consistent use of three languages on all signs is a rare occurrence by any standards. Kashgar with its triple identity — a city with a largely Muslim Uyghur population and culture, a city located in the People’s Republic of China and a city increasingly popular with visitors from around the world – calls for a unique design approach that is able to reflect this diversity and at the same time cater for everybody’s needs.

‫ﺋﺎۋﺍﻡ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Awam Str. 为民路 31

‫ﻰ‬

‫ﺩ‬ tr. 路

‫ﺋﺎۋﺍﻡ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Awam Str. 为民路

‫ﺋﺎۋﺍﻡ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﮬﯧﻴﺘﮕﺎھ‬ Awam Str. Héytgah 为民路艾提尕尔

STREET SIGN. Blue is the main colour, which can be applied for most street signs.

‫ﺷﻪﺭﻗﯩﻲ ﺧﻪﻟﻖ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Sherqiy Xelq Str. 人民东路

TOURIST PLACE. ‫ﺷﻪﺭﻗﯩﻲ‬ The bright con‫ﺧﻪﻟﻖ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﯨﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺟﺎﻡ‬ spicuous yellow‫ﺋﺎﭘﺎﻕ‬ colour is suitable to Sherqiy Xelq Str. places of interest. Apaqindicate Ghojam Maziri 人民东路阿帕克和卓麻扎

‫ﮬﯧﻴﺘﮕﺎھ‬ ‫ﻛﯘﺗﯘﺑﺨﺎﻧﯩﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻪﺷﻘﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺋﯚﺳﺘﻪﯕﺒﻮﻱ‬ Héytgah Kashgar Library Östengboy Str. 艾提尕尔喀什市图书馆吾斯塘博依路

‫ﺩۆﻟﻪﺗﺒﺎﻍ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Döletbagh Str. 多来特巴格路

‫ﺳﺘﻪﯕﺒﻮﻱ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Östengboy St 吾斯塘博依路

‫ﺩۆﻟﻪﺗﺒﺎﻍ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Döletbagh Str. 多来特巴格路

‫ﻮﻱ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Östeng 吾斯塘

PUBLIC PLACE. The neutral brown is applied for public places, such as airport, hospital and library.

‫ﺑﺎﻧﻜﯩﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﯨﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﯘﯕﮕﻮﺧﻮﺟﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﭘﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻳﺮﻭﺩﺭﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺩۆﻟﻪﺗﺒﺎﻍ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬Airport of China ApaqBank Ghojam Maziri 中国银行 Döletbagh Str.飞机场阿帕克和卓麻扎多来特巴格路

‫ﺩۆﻟﻪﺗﺒﺎﻍ ﻳﻮﻟﻰ‬ Döletbagh Str. 多来特巴格路

It would have been impossible to create this project without the active participation and comments of Prof. Michael Boeck, Prof. Dieter Raffler, Rune Steenberg ReyhĂŠ, Jochen Hoffmann, GĂźlmire Mexmut, Rehmetjan Tursun. I also want to express my gratitude to Nadine Chahine (the Arabic specialist in Linotype) and Linotype for the supply of Frutiger Arabic typeface.

Beijing, 2011 zhengchuyang@gmail.com