1 THE SECTOR ON A TERRITORIAL SCALE DENSITY
We start analyzing Singapore’s urban structure, specifically the western part of the city: Jurong. First of all, it is drawn on a territorial scale Jurong’s density (industry and port area), and it is compared to the island’s nerve and technological center (which is a touristic and working area). From this start, it can be clearly determined the use of each zone. On one hand, the industrial area is a zone which from a territorial point of view occupies more space, whereas the center occupies a much greater surface, although has a greater density.
2 THE STRUCTURE ON AN URBAN SCALE ZONING AND FACILITIES
TRANSPORTATION ROADS
Subsequently, it has been explained on a greater territorial scale the three main aspects of the area. In this case, we are talking about the ground’s qualification (difference between industrial, residential and commercial areas) and the zones’ main facilities. Therefore, we can notice a clear predominating industrial use.
FREE SPACES
Secondly, a much more exhaustive analysis of the different transportation roads has been done according to a transportation hierarchy. Starting from the arterial zone roads (which are main distributing roads of the different connections between Malaysia and the center of Singapore) until local roads (which collect all the different areas of the zone).
Scale: 1.120000
Scale: 1.60000
Finally, the free spaces of the area have been drawn, which are basically the environment’s blue and green spaces. The most significant point is a big park which is placed on the east side, and which contains a large lake on its interior.
Scale: 1.60000
Scale: 1.60000
CONNECTIVITY
Secondly, also drawn on a territorial scale, it explains the connection between the center of the island and Jurong. It consists of two main transportation roads, which work as transportation arteries (one that connects the island with Malaysia and the other connects the center with Jurong). These two transportation roads are accompanied by a subway line and two bus lines, which join together in a quick and indirect way these two zones; meaning that these are well connected.
3 ANALYSIS OF THE ACTING AREA DIAGRAMMATIC EVOLUTION FOR THE PLACE ELECTION
DETAILED PLANT WITH URBANISTIC ELEMENTS
A plant of the area which it is aim to act on and on which a further planning will be done, has been drawn on an urban scale. This plant explains the essential and main aspects which can influence on a further project. In the first place, the importance of the park’s situation (and lake’s situation on its interior) and the presence of important water channels of the zone. One of these, divides in two the area which we are acting on. The road axis also acquired relevance due to the fact that separates the residential area from the industrial one. We must highlight that it is an area which incorporates a series of important facilities with a big number of educational institutions. An aspect which we must have into consideration is that one of the main cities’ arterial roads is placed tangentially to the area in action. This generates a good connectivity between the center, using either a car or public transportation.
Green zones
I. INITIAL SITUATION
Road axis (secondary) Axis I (blue)
Scale: 1.120000
Blue zones
The actual elections’ site situation consists of two green points (one on each end), linked by a linear blue axis of water. This axis marks a clear division between two zones. The linearity is the project’s main concept.
Road axis (main)
Green zones
ENVIRONMENTAL APPEARANCE
Immediate environmental analysis through the means of real photographs from the zone, explaining the existing industrial environment.
II. LINEAR CONNECTION
Road axis (secondary) Axis II (green)
Axis I (blue)
Green zones
Blue zones
Residential (proposed)
Using the linearity, a green linear axis is projected. This axis is parallel to the blue one and it is connected to the two existing green points. The axis varies on its dimension according to the necessities of each place. The main isle’s transportation road is also a linear premise.
Road axis (main)
Residential (existing)
III. DIFFERENT AREAS
Road axis (secondary) Axis I (blue)
Axis II (green)
Green zones
Blue zones
Residental (proposed)
The division between two zones due to one of the Singapore’s most important transportation road axes is also an essential project question due to the fact that permits the joint between the proposed residential area with the existing one, with a certain relation and connection.
Road axis (main)
Residential (existing)
IV. INDUSTRIAL FILTER
Road axis (secondary) Scale: 1.30000
URBAN PROJECTS
Student:
Xavier BARDINA
ETSA La Salle - Universitat Ramón Llull - Barcelona - 2014/15
Profes.:
Dr. Amador FERRER
Scale: 1.10000
ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN AND TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE Density - Connectivity - Environmental appearance - Zoning and facilities - Transportation roads - Free spaces - Analysis of the acting area
Axis I (blue)
Axis II (green)
Filter (facilities)
Blue zones
The site is placed in an area with a big industrial impact. In order to avoid this visual and sensitive impact, a “filter” with necessary facilities for the area is proposed, in order to create a transition between the spaces.
NEW RESIDENTIAL HOUSING SECTOR Jurong, SINGAPORE
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1 URBANISTIC MODEL REFERENCES
2 PROPOSED URBAN STRUCTURE
THE LINEAL CITY
The lineal city is an urbanistic project proposed by A. Soria and Mata in Madrid. This project consists of the construction of a lineal city joining two points of the same city, a point which does not permit an “occupation of buildings of more than one fifth of the ground” with the purpose of occupying that place with trees, gardens and orchards. The buildings in the project may not have more than three floors and the houses will be independent among them, with four facades; meaning that these four are accessible for both, air and light. Making this way, an echo to the hygienic currents from the time. Another restriction is that you may not built under less than 5m on main or transversal roads, therefore, each house will be surrounded by a garden. From this emerges the slogan “for every family a house and for every house a garden”.
ZONING AND FACILITIES
TRANSPORTATION ROADS
In this map we have drawn the qualification of the buildings of the previous elected proposed zone. We mark a relation between the existing residential area and the proposed one (divided into single-family houses and multi-family houses), as well as certain facilities, strategically placed, in order to equip the area with those lacking facilities.
FREE SPACES
Secondly, we have performed an analysis of the transportation roads using a much more hierarchized and exhaustive way, which starts with arterial roads and finishes with local ones. The proposed intervention is to extend three streets that cross the acting zone in order to relate the existing part with the new one.
Finally, drawing the blue and green zones (free spaces), we can observe a clear increase in these two comparing them with the ones that existed previously, and always following the linearity between the green and blue axes. The green is the predominant throughout the whole project, and it is the one which gains more importance when it comes to defining the spaces.
Model plant of the lineal city
Scale: 1.60000
Scale: 1.60000
Scale: 1.60000
3 URBAN PLANNING PROJECT Main street section of the lineal city
The image shows the plant of a lineal modern city which joins two antic points of the city. It explains the lineal city theory. Whereas, the image underneath shows a section of the main street with a width of 40m and which is divided into six rows of trees. These trees determine a middle walkway with a width of 14m, two adjacent walkways on each side with a width of 3m, two other walkways of 4m and two streets of 6m.
BLUE AND GREEN AXES
We have looked for existing references of real projects; where the green always serves the water. We can observe a big dense city, where the highest buildings are where there is more public space and most connections. The green has different dimensions as it means different necessities on its surroundings. It gains importance with the existing blue, because the combination of the two is a very desirable and comfortable way of living. Different situations occur in the city, such as: people walking, with bicycles, doing sports ... while all the residential part and private life remains on its surroundings. This part serves as a “disconnection” to the traditional city, due to the fact that you are close to your house. This is the most powerful claim of all the project because it is thought to serve to all types of social profiles, being a family or an individual.
DIAGRAMMATIC EXPLANATION OF THE PLANNING PROJECT
URBAN PLANNING PLANT AND SECTIONS The urban planning proposed project is on a 1:5000 scale. The streets are detailed and we look for a constructing typology (using as a starting point the surrounding existing buildings). Basically, we propose two types of buildings, blocks of single-family and multi-family houses. Green spaces are also detailed, from a lineal axis which is parallel to the blue axis, and which changes shape according to its surrounding necessities. It works like an “acoustic cushion” when it comes to insulate the streets against the environmental sounds of the closest blocks. The facilities are placed strategically in order to give new facilities to the area in question; facilities which do not exist around the close environments.
Linker axis I
Linker axis II Connector axis
High density road (existing)
AXONOMETRY OF THE URBAN PROJECT
I. AXES AND STREETS
Existing roads (extension)
Subway
Facilities
II. TYPOLOGY OF ROADS
Main urban roads (extension)
BLUE AXIS (existing canal)
SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES (house with garden) Pedestrian green road (linker)
MULTI-FAMILY HOUSES (building)
Secondary urban roads (connecting residential areas)
Semi-private free space (multi-family buildings)
Public free space (adjacent axis to water)
Multi-family building (housing building)
Pedestrian green road
Private free space (single-family buildings)
Pedestrian green road
Subway
EXISTING (individual houses)
Single-family building (house with garden)
New subway station GREEN AXIS (different dimensions)
FACILITIES (educative, commercial, leisure, ...)
Scale: 1.5000
URBAN PROJECTS
Student:
Xavier BARDINA
ETSA La Salle - Universitat Ramón Llull - Barcelona - 2014/15
Profes.:
Dr. Amador FERRER
URBAN ARRANGEMENT PROJECT Urbanistic model references - Axonometry of the urban project - Zoning and facilities - Transportation roads - Free spaces - Diagrammatic explanation - Urban planning project
The first premise is to create two linear and connective axis. They link all the front of the main transportation road with the subway line, where this linking axis connects itself with the other subway proposed line. The connecting axis is proposed as a linear and green pedestrian road, where the main facilities (such as college, commercial or schools) of the proposed project link to the residential area through this axis. Another premise is the linear extension of the existing streets throughout the area of action, in order to connect it with the main road.
Facilities (commercial, educational, sporting, hospitable, ...)
We can differentiate 4 road typologies. The first type are the existing roads. These are high traffic roads that communicate or link strategically points of the country or from outside. Another type of roads are urban roads. From these we can differentiate two types: the main urban roads (which are extension of existing roads) and secondary urban roads (which serve to communicate the different residential zones). The most important road is the fourth type: the pedestrian green road. This connects all the facilities with the residential zone in a very lineal form, giving it an unitary and uniform character.
III. FREE SPACES
We can distinguish three types of free spaces. The first type are free public spaces. These type are those that have a “green” axis parallel to the blue axis and which changes its shape according to its environment and to the necessities of the area. Secondly, there are free spaces which are considered to be semi-private free spaces. This type of spaces exclusively treat with multi-family buildings, especially those spaces which are interstitial spaces among them. And at last, free private spaces. These type only appear in single-family buildings and its use is exclusively for them.
IV. BUILT-UP SPACES
We can basically differentiate two types. When we talk about facilities, each facility will have a necessary height for its own use. We will have different parts, such as, commercial, educational, sporting, hospitable, and the most important, transportation parts (it is the most important because gives a quick access and connection). On the other hand, in residential areas we can distinguish two types of buildings: the single-family buildings (with its own garden and with heights of ground floors +1) and multi-family buildings (with different floor heights and with building modular blocks with dimensions of 12 x 40 m).
NEW RESIDENTIAL HOUSING SECTOR Jurong, SINGAPORE
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1 REFERENCES OF PUBLIC URBAN SPACES
4 PUBLIC SPACE: GROUND AND FIRST FLOOR
Scale: 1.1000
HIGH LINE PARK
The High Line is a linear park of 2,3 Km long placed in the city of New York. The High Line is constructed in Manhattan, in an elevated section at one of its unused train roads known as West Side Line. The project consists in the design of this road proposing a green route that communicates the park with different roads. It uses a portion of the unused line which is on the south part of the line. This project started its construction on 2006, opening its first phase on 2009 and its last phase on 2014. This project basically conserves the train’s metallic support and railways, where placed on top of them a green platform. This platform opens various roads, resting areas, expositions and small commercial shops. The work is based on recreating the antic links and railway lines to big floral gardens and to much more closely defined pausing areas.
2 FREE SPACES: PUBLICS AND PRIVATES LIFTING THE GROUND FLOOR LEVEL
As the tittle well indicates the main building project’s intention is to lift the ground floor level in order to generate private public spaces, focused toward the people which live in the adjacent buildings; but always having into consideration that any neighbor or citizen can come to distract themselves, eat food, go shopping…etc. It is referred to the intention of “privatizing” the public spaces to the point that a person would want to come to live here, due to the fact that the space will be provided with certain requirement which he/she will lack or will be hard to find in their environment. Nevertheless, we will never have to forget that this residential area is placed in the Jurong’s (Singapore) industrial area. We must create an attractive area for people to want to come to live in this area, which as a matter of fact, is a very “strong” area. As it is unusual, projecting public spaces as plazas, parks, … in ground level, in relationship to its neighboring buildings, but the main idea of this project is to lift this space on to the first level (approximately 5 m from the ground) in order for the neighbors of the buildings. The building blocks which are focused toward the interior of each isle, equipped with exterior pathways, in order to centralize and focalize the activity on to the interior. Due to the fact that Singapore is placed at the Ecuador, the sun influences the same way that in North and South areas; therefore the living rooms of these buildings can be placed facing North and South with some horizontal and vertical communications.
“PRIVATE” PUBLIC SPACE
What it is thought to do, when lifting the “ground floor” in order to create these private free spaces, is to take benefit of the ground floor for the use of parking lots, which are completely outdoors and ventilated, and having an access to them on one of the isle’s sides (east side). In Singapore, all parking lots are placed outdoors, and most of the times form part of the first levels of the buildings. The accesses to the different vertical communications of the building are placed on opposite sides (on North and South). We also take benefit of the ground floor level in order to place some of the program needed and diverse facilities, such as a car repair shops and a car dealership; with a gymnasium and a swimming pool. A part from this, we have also thought about all the placement of the perimeter, acting as parking lot “walls”, for the placement of different establishments such as offices, commercial areas, or simply as storerooms for the own neighbors of the buildings. The first floor is projected in order to create a series of roads/pathways which connect various buildings to relevant points of the project; a part from placing the program for the isle’s autonomous functioning. Program such as civic centers, educational establishments, shops, entertainment establishments (such as bars, restaurants, game rooms …). It is a space thought to give “life” to the isle and therefore, be a much attractive area when going to buy a building in an industrial area.
ACCESS
USES
Leisure Social Recreation Education
Housing Parking Facilities
3 PARAMETERS AND SURFACES We have exclusively analyzed the data which makes reference to the studied area, inside the previously performed proposed planning, in a 1:5000 scale. We analyze the project’s relevant aspects in order to make comparisons and therefore, draw conclusions of the acting area. The area consist of approximately 13 hectares. First, we calculate the two main aspects to have into consideration, which are roadways (roads in the environment and surroundings, which have been hierarchized by categories according to their traffic flow), and free zones (green area, distinguished from the public one, where everyone has access to it in ground floor level; and the private one, leisure and recreation green areas which are projected between the building blocks in first level). There is a big non-built surface in order not to produce a big environmental impact and to give the opportunity of producing a path between the industrial area and the residential one. We also calculate the edificability, the number of buildings and residents, in order to get to the conclusion of an ideal density and relationship between full and empty, which in this case is a relationship of 2/1, meaning that for each built squared meter, there are two free ones.
URBAN PROJECTS
Student:
Xavier BARDINA
ETSA La Salle - Universitat Ramón Llull - Barcelona - 2014/15
Profes.:
Dr. Amador FERRER
BUILDING TYPOLOGY: PUBLIC SPACE References of public urban spaces - Free spaces: publics and privates - Parameters and surfaces - Public space: ground and first floor
NEW RESIDENTIAL HOUSING SECTOR Jurong, SINGAPORE
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1 BUILDINGS TYPOLOGIES REFERENCES “CASA BLOC”
Building projected by Josep Lluís Sert, among other architects, during the Second Republic. It consisted on a building with more than 200 houses planned for workingmen of the surrounding factories. The plant of the building has an inverted “S”-shape in order for the houses to take profit of the light and natural ventilation, avoiding then, using the typical inner light courtyard like happens in all the “Eixample” blocks. The whole block is provided with lifts and inner pathways from where the occupants can hang their cloths or decorate their entrances with plants.
4 HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
GOLDEN LANE
Building proposal made by Alison & Peter Smithson as a modern building typology at the CIAM congress. It was meant to be for war soldiers. They defined the project as a “street in the air”, wide, and opened to its surroundings. It consisted of a series of buildings with houses with exterior pathways in order to give a certain attractive to the building and to its surroundings. This pathway gives more privacy to the building making small gestures on the plant. It offers a continuous network, creating this way a new urban structure for the building, and connecting it to the existing area.
TYPE 1
Familiar (3 people): 10,30m x 12,80m; 130m2
5 VOLUMETRY AND PUBLIC SPACE PERSPECTIVE TYPE 2
TYPE 3
Familiar (2 people): 10,30m x 7,80m; 80m2
Familiar (4 people): 13,40m x 12,80m; 170m2 CORPORATION ROAD
PEDESTRIAN ROAD
THIRD CHIN BEE ROAD
2 LINEAL BLOCK WITH EXTERIOR PATHWAYS
6 THE BUILDING: HOUSING FLOOR AND SECTIONS
Scale: 1.500
THE LINEAL BLOCK
The studied plot consists of different typologies of lineal blocks which are placed in different ways. As a start, there are three exterior lineal blocks joined by its corners forming an “U”-shape. You can differentiate them due to the position of its vertical communications (stairs) and its pathways (both on opposite sides). These blocks have a length of 80m, a width of 15m and a height of 30m. There are two linear blocks joined on each of their sides forming a continuous building, and two more buildings joined on the other sides; meaning that all the buildings are joined among them on their sides; and at the same time, are joined by exterior continuous pathways. The four central blocks, which are also lineal blocks but with different dimensions, are separated between them. These blocks have a length of 55m, a width of 10m and a height of 24m. Regarding the housing typology of each block; the plot’s exterior blocks (the ones that form the “U”-shape) have housing typologies 1 and 3 (which are meant to be for large families that have between 3 to 4 people); whereas for the interior lineal blocks, we only find typology 2 (for families of two members). The fourth typology is thought to be for the bottom isle, where the building creates individual houses for the residence of students.
EXTERIOR PATHWAYS
The main intention for the typology of these lineal blocks is to follow their same model. Due to the fact that Singapore is a place which permit these type of blocks, a place where the temperature during the whole year is mainly pleasant, we propose the idea of exterior ventilated pathways and roofs only for the top structural floor. The intention of creating this is to communicate each staircases, which are placed differently on each block; at the main entrance of each house. This continuous pathway permits the relation and connection between the different residents of the building; permitting the creation of outdoor “streets” on the own building.
COMMUNICATIONS
HOUSING TYPES
Type 3 Type 2 Type 1 Type 4
Horizontal Vertical
3 DETAILED AXONOMETRY EXTERIOR LINEAL BLOCK 3 blocks forming an “U” shape each block has 2 lineal blocks each lineal block has 80 x 15 x 30 m (1200 m2) 12,8 m of housing 2,2 m of exterior pathways 1 stair at each end of the block Ground floor + First floor + 7 levels of housing GF: parking, commercial and offices P1: leisure, social, recreational, educational 7 levels: 38 housing 25 types 1: 10,3 x 12,8 x 3m (175) familiar for 3 people 13 types 3: 13,4 x 12,8 x 3m (91) familiar for 4 people
PRIVATE (7 levels)
INTERIOR LINEAL BLOCK 4 separate blocks each lineal block has 55 x 10 x 24 m (550 m2) 7,8 m of housing 2,2 m of exterior pathways 1 stair at each end of the block Ground floor + First floor + 5 levels of housing GF: car dealership and gymnasium P1: social center, leisure, bar/restaurant PP: 20 housing 20 types 2: 10,3 x 7,8 x 3m (100) familiar for 2 people
PRIVATE (5 levels)
PUBLIC
(”private” at first floor)
“PRIVATE” PUBLIC SPACE
PUBLIC
(”public” at ground floor)
public surface elevated to P1 complete area: 192 x 120 m (23000 m2) 16000 m2 of public spaces 5000 m2 of different uses free access to each stair not exclusive to the residents of the blocks parking and different uses to ground floor complete area: 190 x 120 m (22800 m2) 14000 m2 of parking 3000 m2 of facilities 1500 m2 of public space 4300 m2 of different uses
URBAN PROJECTS
Student:
Xavier BARDINA
ETSA La Salle - Universitat Ramón Llull - Barcelona - 2014/15
Profes.:
Dr. Amador FERRER
BUILDING TYPOLOGY: THE LINEAL BLOCK Building typologies references - Lineal block with exterior pathways - Detailed axonometry - Housing typologies - Volumetry and public space perspective - The building: housing floor and sections
NEW RESIDENTIAL HOUSING SECTOR Jurong, SINGAPORE
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