MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY M.6 by wuthichart

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE

565 Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300. THAILAND Tel. 0 2243 0065, 0 2243 7002, 0 2243 2153 Fax: 0 2243 2150

http://www.sg.ac.th

MY WORLD

VOCABULARY S A I N T G A B R I E L’ S C O L L E G E VOCABULARY FOR SECONDARY 6

REVISED EDITION 2022

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE

565 Samsen Road, Dusit, Bangkok 10300. THAILAND. Tel. 0-2243-0065, 0-2243-7002, 0-2243-2153, Fax: 0-2243-2150, Website: http://www.sg.ac.th ISBN: 978-616-7675-01-5 Copyright©2020: Saint Gabriel’s College

PREFACE Nowadays, learning English is the most essential activity in our daily routine. Needless to say, it is the most fundamental means of communication in the field of education in order to instill in the learner’s positive attitudes towards English language. Consequently, the learner can use the language in multiple life situations, and in search for knowledge to sustain a career and further high level of studies. In addition, it can also aid the ability to understand various cultural differences and challenges. Therefore, the teaching and learning process is considered to be most beneficial as the teacher educates the subject content thus enabling the learner to grasp in a less complex effort. This vocabulary book is published for the exclusive use in teaching and learning of five basic subjects namely Mathematics, Science, Technology and Occupation, Social Studies, Religion and Culture and English for Primary 1 to Secondary 6 students. This book introduces English vocabulary words used in the abovementioned subjects with examples on how to adapt them in daily communication to attain goals and efficiency. It is with great expectation that the contents in this English vocabulary book may benefit the teachers and students in a way that it is genuinely learned as English is a medium of instruction. Every single vocabulary word is related to the learner’s daily life. The contents are expected to respond to the basic learning needs and preferences of the learner and therefore may involve recreational learning and utmost advantage. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the valuable efforts of the teachers of the Foreign Languages Department, the Academic Affairs, and those who in one way or another have been part of the preparation and success of this book. God bless you constantly. (Bro. Monthol Prathumarach, Ph.D.) Director March 2022

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HONORARY ADVISOR : Bro. Dr. Monthol Prathumarach COMMITTEE : Bro.Manit Sakonthawat, M.A. Bro.Pathanant Chaiyara Board of Director Mr.Thong-in Sawaengsin, M.A. Mr.Pisit Krittayanawach, M.A. Mr.Avirut Wisetchart, M.A. Mr.Yutthachai Ittivorachet, M.M. Ms.Yaowaluck Yoocharoen, M.A. Ms.Pornsirin Watthanasathian, M.A. English Teachers Primary 1 - Secondary 6

EDITORIAL TEAM : Mr.Yutthachai Ittivorachet, M.M. Members of the Foreign Language Department DESIGN & LAYOUT : Mr.Wutichart Chatarupacheewin, M.FA. Mr.Sarayut Jorjaroenpanich Mr.Peerawit Arjloi Mr.Pheempapob Chatarupacheewin PRODUCED BY : Saint Gabriel’s College BANGKOK, THAILAND Copyright @ 2018

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE

565 Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300. THAILAND. Tel. 0-2243-0065, 0-2243-7002, 0-2243-2153, Fax: 0-2243-2150 Website: http://www.sg.ac.th

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any forms or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Saint Gabriel’s College. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

CONTENTS Preface Coat of Arms Foreign Languages (English) Science and Technology Social Studies Occupation

1 4 6 32 56 62

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

COAT OF ARMS Coat of arms is a translation of the French COTTE D’ ARMES. Usually it is depicted with the particular heraldic bearings of a person or family on an escutcheon, and from it we can learn much about the person or family which adopted the particular coat of arms. BROTHERS OF ST. GABRIEL The name “the Brothers of St. Gabriel” reminds us of those Brothers who sacrificed their lives, and their mother’s land, in order to help educate and develop our Thai children to grow in the right path. “LABOR OMNIA VINCIT” is the motto of our school. “We can overcome all difficulties through working hard,” or, as the Latin proverb says : “Labor conquers all things.”

“Life - Boat” Symbolized By “The Ship in The Sea”

“The ship in the Sea” symbolizes that we have to keep on struggling and facing different difficulties in the sea of life, just like the ship or the boat that fights stormy wing, steamy sun and rainy sea in order NOT to capsize in the middle of the sea. This should always remind us that “Life is a Struggle” or “To Live is to Struggle” against the problems and difficulties and not to give up.

“DS” (read “D and S”) Cross In The Middle With The Cross “D” or Divinity represents “Religion”. We all need religion in life and mind. The Cross is the symbol of “love” and “sacrifice” just as Jesus sacrificed his life for our love and he redeemed our sins as he said: “There is no other love greater than sacrificing our life for others.” “S” or “Science” means “Knowledge,” which is the root of man’s ability to reason. Everyone should always aim at gaining more knowledge. The

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

more we learn about mundane knowledge, the more we should also learn about “Dharma” or religious, ethical virtues. Moreover, DIS also comes from the French phrase, “Dieu Seul,” which means “ALL WE DO IS FOR THE GRACE OF GOD ONLY.” It is to remind us of St. Louis Marie de Montfort, the Founding Father of the Brothers of St. Gabriel’s motto. With this powerful motto, we have the will to work without yielding to difficulties, at studies as well as at work. We all uphold it up to this day.

A.M. and The White Lilies “A.M.” is abbreviated from a Latin word, “ALMA MATER,”

meaning literally, “Dear Mother,” in Latin and indicating “MOTHER COLLEGE,” which symbolizes that our institution is like our “Alma Mater”, our own birth place and as a part of our own families. We should love our institution as much as we should love our own parents. Moreover, “A.M.” is also abbreviated from “AVE MARIA” (in Latin), the name of Jesus’ Mother. This means that we should love our own Mother with our heart and soul. And the beautiful snow - white lilies are symbols to remind us that we should be clean and sincere with all our thoughts, words and minds, wherever we are.

The Star and The Man In a Boat

“The Star and the Boat” symbolizes “Spiritual Hope” meaning that religion is “the light of Dharma or Absolute Truth” and all the knowledge or sciences we have learned from the institution is “the Light of the Intelligence”. Altogether they keep conduct and intelligence on track so we are not lost or capsized in the middle of the sea of life. “The man in the boat” reflects us, ourselves, rowing or guiding our own “boat of life”.

“The Shield” That Frames The “Four Symbols”

The “Shield” that frames the “Four Symbols” is the “COAT OF ARMS” which stands for “HONOUR,” or “PRIDE and DIGNITY”. It also represents the HONOUR, DIGNITY, PRIDE AND PRAISE that our institution has received from the King who reigns over the Kingdom.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

F O R E I GN L A N GUAG E

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

VOCABULARY

ENGLISH UNIT 1 : RELATIONSHIP

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

ข้อดี, 1 advantage (n.) คุณประโยชน์, ความได้เปรียบ ซึ่งถูกยืด, 2 extended (adj.) ถูกท�ำให้กว้างหรือ ถูกขยายออกไป 3 patient (adj.) 4 experienced (adj.) 5 company (n.) 6 influence (n.) 7 retired (adj.) 8 handle (v.)

Smaller businesses often have an advantage in the area of customer relations. They are going on an extended holiday to Toronto, Canada.

will be ready in only half an อดทน, อดกลั้น Dinner hour - just be patient! มีประสบการณ์, They are putting up a good fight ช�ำนาญ, against a more experienced soccer เชี่ยวชาญ team. came to stay for a week as ความเป็นเพื่อน, Viviane company for my mother while I was มิตรสหาย away. อิทธิพล, อ�ำนาจ, การบังคับควบคุม ปลดเกษียณ, ปลดประจ�ำการ จัดการ, รับมือ, รับผิดชอบ

My grandmother had a strong influence on my early childhood. Even retired employees were eligible to receive subsidized medical care. You must handle the laboratory materials and equipment with care. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

9 selfish (adj.) 10 appreciate (v.) 11 explosion (n.) 12 geographical (adj.) 13 14 15 16 17 18

Thai Definition

Sentence

She is totally selfish, for she never considers anyone but herself. appreciate how much time you and ชื่นชม, ยกย่อง, Iyour wife spent preparing this meal เห็นคุณค่า for all of us. การระเบิด, government has had to take การระเบิดอารมณ์, The to halt the population การเพิ่มขึ้นอย่าง measures explosion. รวดเร็ว company's fastest growing เกี่ยวกับทางด้าน The geographical area was Asia, which ภูมิศาสตร์ increased by 22%. เห็นแก่ตัว

Just for convenience, I am going to convenience (n.) ความสะดวก live at my mother's place until my new apartment is ready. Due to Covid-19, we are concerned เกี ย ่ วกั บ ร่ า งกาย, physical (adj.) ทางกายภาพ with the physical well-being of our employees. The book is definitely useful for both definitely (adv.) อย่างแน่นอน undergraduate and graduate courses. Some medical tests enable you to ท� ำ ให้ เ ป็ น ไปได้ , enable (v.) out the sex of your baby before ท�ำให้สามารถ find it is born. The first chapter describes the การเรี ย งล� ำ ดั บ , sequence (n.) ล�ำดับ strange sequence of events that led to his death. การ I will give you a brief overview of overview (n.) ภาพรวม, อธิบายโดยสรุป what the job involves. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

19 shallow (adj.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

The stream was so shallow that we were able to walk across it. How do you demonstrate that Pluto is not considered a planet?

ตื้น

ต, 20 demonstrate (v.) สาธิ แสดงให้เห็น เกี่ยวข้อง, เชื่อม I prefer teaching methods that actively 21 involve (v.) โยง, มีส่วนร่วม, involve students in learning. รวมเข้า ขอบเขต, แนว, The product is aimed at young people 22 range (n.) แถว in the 18-25 age range. าย, กระจาย, The company aims to distribute its 23 distribute (v.) แจกจ่ เผยแพร่ products throughout Russia. ประเภท, ชนิด, The equipment could be used for a 24 variety (n.) ความหลากหลาย variety of industrial purposes. ประกอบด้วย, The novels will include fiction and 25 include (v.) รวมถึง non-fiction stories. งานที่ได้รับมอบ Today’s assignment in Home 26 assignment (n.) หมาย, Economics subject is to cook การก�ำหนด, a hearty stew. การแต่งตั้ง lady in red is asked to identify 27 identify (v.) ระบุ, แสดงตัว The herself . I do not know anything about this, 28 colleague (n.) เพื่อนร่วมงาน but I'm quite sure my colleague can help you. It is required that graduates stay in การส� ำ เร็ จ การ 29 graduation (n.) ศึกษา Scotland for two years after graduation.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

ค�ำที่ใช้ร่วมกัน, 30 collocation (n.) การจัดวางให้ เหมาะสม

Sentence

Collocation refers to how words go together or form fixed relationships.

are particularly interested in าง We 31 particularly (adv.) โดยเฉพาะอย่ hearing people who speak two ยิ่ง, โดยเจาะจง or more from European languages. ความพึงพอใจ, We always give preference to those 32 preference (n.) การชอบมากกว่า, who have worked with us for a long สิทธิพิเศษ time. His voice is sort of monotonous, but, 33 personality (n.) บุคลิกลักษณะ surprisingly, he has a wonderful personality. I wish I could mend the radio by 34 mend (v.) ซ่อมแซม, แก้ไข myself, but I have to admit that I cannot. UNIT 2 : PLACES AND BUILDINGS

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

We certainly do not lead a life of luxury, but we are not poor either. She frequently stayed overnight with ขบวนนั ก เดิ น ทาง, 2 caravan (n.) and each summer they took ขบวนยานพาหนะ them, her on a caravan. Beatles will always be the world's 3 famous (adj.) มีเป็ชนื่อทีเสี่รยู้จักง, โด่งดัง, The most famous band. Getting some work experience will ถาวร, คงทน, 4 permanent (adj.) ยั่งยืน help you when you apply for a permanent job. 1 luxury (n.)

ความหรูหรา, ความฟุ่มเฟือย

Sentence

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

5 plenty (n.) 6 privacy (n.) 7 surround (v.) 8 utility (n.) 9 refugee (n.) 10 shortage (n.) 11 weigh (v.) 12 paraphrase (n./v.) 13 equip (v.) 14 occupant (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

We have got plenty of time before we need to leave for the airport. We need to change our password ความเป็นส่วนตัว twice a year in order to protect our privacy. ล้อมรอบ, ราย I like to surround myself with simple, ล้อม, แวดล้อม beautiful things. อัตถประโยชน์, ประโยชน์, Its basic utility lies in being able to การบริการเพื่อ drive where other vehicles cannot go. สาธารณประโยชน์ A refugee camp is packed with ผู้ลี้ภัย displaced people. There's a severe shortage of food, ความขาดแคลน clothes, and shelter at the refugee camps in Persmith Mills. ชั่งน�้ำหนัก, detective can weigh the honesty of ประเมิน, พิจารณา, Aa certain person. มีความส�ำคัญ จ�ำนวนหรือ ปริมาณมาก

In order to make it more you need to (การ) ถอดความ understandable, paraphrase the messages using your own words. จัดหาไว้ให้, We equip our students with the ติดตั้งเครื่องมือ necessary skills. ผู้พักอาศัย, occupant of this building is ผู้ครอบครอง, One unhappy. ผู้ถือสิทธิ์

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The cornea is the transparent งแสง, 15 transparent (adj.) โปร่ that covers the front of ที่มองผ่านได้ง่าย membrane the eye. แบบอย่างที่ดี, The ideal would be to have a house in 16 ideal (n.) อุดมคติ the town and one in the rural area. Thousands of fish were killed as a 17 nearby (adj./adv.) ใกล้เคียง result of a discharge of poisonous chemicals from nearby factories. 18 gaze (v.) เพ่งมอง, จ้องมอง To gaze a person is rude sometimes. กระสับกระส่าย, The stock market's recent seesaw 19 nervous (adj.) ประหม่า, movements have made the majority เกี่ยวกับประสาท of investors nervous. ประหลาดใจ, 20 wonder (v.) สงสัย, ข้องใจ I wonder who that package was from! Suddenly, organic farming was seen โดยทั น ที ท น ั ใด, both growers and retailers as a 21 suddenly (adv.) อย่างกะทันหัน by lucrative market, with consumers willing to pay a premium. น่ายินดี, น่าพอใจ, In my childhood, there had been ดเพลิน, something really pleasant with which 22 pleasant (adj.) น่เป็านเพลิ มิตร, it would be possible to live if it could น่าคบหา return. สันทนาการ, It was impossible to determine น, whether inmates acquired the 23 recreation (n.) การละเล่ การพักผ่อนหย่อน infection while in their cells or during ใจ outdoor recreation periods. อบอุ่นและสะดวก It is much better to have a small cosy 24 cosy (adj.) สบาย, เป็นกันเอง room than a big cold one. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

25 facility (n.)

สิ่งอ�ำนวยความ สะดวก

26 residence (n.)

ที่พักอาศัย

27 summarize (v.) สรุปความ 28 relevant (adj.) 29 relocate (v.)

ที่เกี่ยวข้อง, ที่สัมพันธ์กัน, ที่ตรงประเด็น ย้ายที่ใหม่, ก�ำหนดต�ำแหน่ง ใหม่

30 demolish (v.)

ท�ำลาย, รื้อถอน

31 exhibition (n.)

นิทรรศการ, การ จัดแสดงผลงาน

32 historic (adj.)

มีความส�ำคัญทาง ประวัติศาสตร์

33 humid (adj.)

ชื้น

่ยวกับ 34 industrial (adj.) เกี อุตสาหกรรม 35 ancient (adj.)

เก่าแก่, โบราณ

Sentence

NASA offers an exceptional research facility to young recruits. The government hoped to turn a children's home into a residence for adolescent girls. To summarize today’s news is quite complicated. I am wondering if this system is relevant in the modern world or it should be abolished. Most employees are advised to relocate to Hungary, Romania, Italy, and Luxembourg. They will demolish the old building made from bricks. The actors will be able to view the exhibition the day after tomorrow. Parts of the Berlin wall are being allowed to stand as historic monuments. Most of the areas in the southern part are extremely hot and humid in the summer. Houses near industrial sites often do not sell so quickly because they are regarded as undesirable. The ancient skull of Peking Man has been pieced together from fragments. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The post-war government had the ใหญ่ โ ตมโหฬาร, 36 enormous (adj.) มหึมา enormous task of reconstructing the city. She showed incredible courage and เหลื อ เชื อ ่ , ไม่ น า ่ 37 incredible (adj.) เชื่อ, ยากที่จะเชื่อ determination in coming back from her injuries to compete again. งดงาม, สง่างาม, New Orleans is very famous for its 38 magnificent (adj.) ดีเลิศ, สูงส่ง, เป็นที่น่าชื่นชม magnificent old oak trees. The architect wanted to design มีหลาย high-rise apartments, where each 39 high-rise (adj.) (อาคาร) ชั้น resident could own a 'piece of green' and a 'house' in the sky. างยิง่ , This particular stretch of coast is 40 especially (adv.) โดยเฉพาะอย่ เป็นพิเศษ especially popular with walkers. They plan to situate the bus stop at 41 situate (v.) ตั้งอยู่ the corner of the road. UNIT 3 : EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The preparatory certificate is the minimum qualification required to 1 qualification (n.) คุณสมบัติ teach English in most language schools. This is a detailed study, which ยบวิธี, combines the sociolinguistic 2 methodology (n.) ระเบี วิธีการ, หลักการ methodology with a qualitative pragmatics approach. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

I am giving a seminar on the latest การประชุมสัมมนา developments in genetic engineering next week. Optimists say that globalization 4 globalization (n.) โลกาภิวัตน์ means more cultural choices for everyone. It is commendable that the author โดยตลอด, 5 throughout on qualitative and quantitative (prep.) ตั้งแต่ต้นจนจบ draws measures throughout these chapters. 3 seminar (n.)

7 aspect (n.)

กลุ่มคนที่ร�่ำรวย หรือฉลาดกว่าคน อื่นๆ, กลุ่มคนหัว กะทิ มุมมอง, ความคิด เห็น, ลักษณะ

8 via (prep.)

โดยผ่านทาง

6 elite (n.)

9 disrupt (v.) 10 enrich (v.) 11 recognize (v.) 12 abroad (adv.)

ขัดขวาง, ท�ำให้หยุดชะงัก, ท�ำให้เสียระบบ ท�ำให้ดีขึ้น, ท�ำให้ รวยขึ้น, ท�ำให้มี คุณภาพมากยิ่งขึ้น

Brazil's political and business elite seem prepared to accept the election results. The idea was to modernize a certain aspect of the old practice. Internet connection via broadband offers many more advantages. Sun flares can disrupt international communications.

These trips give students the opportunity to enrich their independent studies in geography and history. need to recognize the importance จ�ำได้, นึกได้, รู้จัก We of proper hygiene. wanted the best for his ในต่างประเทศ, He schools, a nice house, ที่อยู่เมืองนอก children-good and trips abroad.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

13 rural (adj.) 14 reliable (adj.) 15 approach (n.) 16 institution (n.) 17 strategy (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

She is carrying out a comparative study of health in central cities and rural areas. ที่ไว้ใจหรือพึ่งพา This survey is considered to be a ได้ reliable barometer of public opinion. our research has not produced วิธีการปฏิบัติที่ Since answers to this problem, we need ท�ำให้ถึงเป้าหมาย any to adopt a different approach to it. basic social institution in the สถาบัน, องค์กร The society is the family. กลยุทธ์, What marketing strategy is needed to ยุทธศาสตร์, import our new products? แผนการ ในชนบท, เกี่ยวกับชนบท

The publicity generated by the court 18 publicity (n.) case has given a welcome boost to our sales. Most of the schools here place 19 emphasis (n.) การเน้นย�้ำ great emphasis on written work and grammar. ่, ที่หาได้, Do you have any double rooms 20 available (adj.) ทีที่ม่ใช้ีอปยูระโยชน์ ได้ available on November 25th? อย่างมาก, The economic power of many Asian 21 dramatically ทั น ที ท น ั ใด, countries has grown dramatically in (adv.) อย่างชัดเจน recent years. เกี่ยวกับการฝึก The Swedes regard vocational ชาชีพ, เกี่ยวกับ training as a part of a youngster's 22 vocational (adj.) วิการฝึ กทักษะเพื่อ education. ประกอบอาชีพ การเผยแพร่สู่ สาธารณธะ

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

They were imprisoned for a crime that they did not commit. ผูไ้ ม่มปี ระสบการณ์, He formerly worked as a machinist 24 apprentice (n.) มือสมัครเล่น, apprentice in Boeing's Everett เด็กฝึกงาน assembly plant. ผู้เข้ามาท�ำงาน The winning entrant will receive a 25 entrant (n.) ใหม่, สมาชิกใหม่ round ticket to Hawaii. มั่นคง, แน่วแน่, There has been a steady decrease in 26 steady (adj.) ไม่เปลี่ยนแปลง, the number of visitors. คงที่ 23 commit (v.)

กระท�ำความผิด

นักศึกษาจบใหม่, As a graduate of one of the most 27 graduate (n.) ผู้ที่เพิ่งส�ำเร็จการ prestigious institutions, I am ready to ศึกษา face the world. านบน, Buyers still outnumber sellers and are 28 upwards (adv.) ทีที่ข่เพิึ้น่มไปด้ ขึ้น pushing prices upwards. ซึ่งตั้งตรง, ซึ่งเป็น vertical section of the soil shows 29 vertical (adj.) แนวดิ่ง, ซึ่งตั้งฉาก This four basic soil layers. กับเส้นขอบฟ้า ตามแนวนอน, Try to avoid wearing clothes with 30 horizontal (adj.) ตามแนวเส้น horizontal stripes as they may make ขอบฟ้า you look fatter. การจัดเตรียม The airline is proud of the quality of 31 catering (n.) อาหาร its in-flight catering. town lacks leisure facilities, such 32 leisure (n.) เกี่ยวกับเวลาว่าง The as a swimming pool or squash courts. She makes a big profit from selling 33 textile (n.) สิ่งทอ unwanted cloths to textile companies.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

34 literacy (n.) 35 figure (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

ความสามารถใน Nowadays, computer literacy is การอ่านออกเขียน becoming as essential as the ability ได้, ความรู้เฉพาะด้าน to drive a car. you read this figure? Is it a three ตัวเลข, จ�ำนวน Can or an eight? UNIT 4 : FOOD AND DRINK

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

1 attempt (n.)

ความพยายาม

2 disaster (n.)

ภัยพิบัติ, หายนะ, ความพังพินาศ

3 identity (n.)

อัตลักษณ์, ลักษณะเฉพาะตัว

4 ethical (adj.)

ตามหลักจริยธรรม

5 equate (v.)

แสดงให้เห็นว่า เท่ากัน, เท่าเทียมกับ

6 prosperity (n.)

ความมั่งคั่ง, ความเจริญรุ่งเรือง

7 alien (adj.)

แปลกประหลาด, จากต่างดาว, ต่างด้าว

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Sentence

The government has launched a new road safety campaign in an attempt to reduce the number of road accidents. The cause of the disaster is human error. The man's identity was being kept secret while he was helping police with enquiries. Transplantation of organs from living donors raises ethical issues. He complained that there was a tendency to equate right-wing politics with self-interest. A country's future prosperity depends upon the quality of education of its people. They are recommending that long-term alien workers be granted citizenship.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

8 sophisticated (adj.) 9 cuisine (n.)

12 13 14 15 16

Sentence

ซึ่งมีประสบการณ์ Sophisticated readers understood the มาก, เจนโลก book’s hidden meaning. an ideal world, most people would การท�ำอาหาร, Inprefer gourmet cuisine, but it is costly การท�ำครัว and difficult to prepare.

This type of bank account gives you instant access to your money. a speech on a serious subject อารมณ์ขัน, ความ Even humour (n.) should be leavened with a little ตลกขบขัน humour. The two sisters have always been competitive (adj.) ซึ่งแข่งขันกัน competitive, but they're also very supportive of each other. and Jacque were eliminated in eliminate (v.) ก�ำจัด, คัดออก Jonas the third round of the competition. A feature of the current curriculum is หลั ก สู ต รการเรี ย น curriculum (n.) การสอน a concentration on the pathological aspects of ageing. The proportion of women to men at proportion (n.) สัดส่วน, อัตราส่วน my university was about seven to three. to a technical problem, the approximately โดยประมาณ, Due concert will be starting approximately (adv.) โดยคร่าวๆ half an hour late.

10 instant (adj.) 11

Thai Definition

ทันทีทันใด, กะทันหัน

tried to keep my public life and 17 separate (adj.) แยกออกจากกัน Imyhave private life separate. เปิดเผย, เผยให้ The detectives have the right to 19 reveal (v.) เห็น, ท�ำให้ปรากฎ reveal the identity of the culprit.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

The doctor at the hospital said she was in a stable condition following the operation. The stock market crash marked the 20 severe (adj.) start of a severe depression. She was not just overweight; she was 21 obese (adj.) อ้วนเกินไป severely obese. If you overcook pasta before freezing ไม่น่ากิน, 22 unappetizing it, its texture will be unappetizing once (adj.) ไม่น่าพิสมัย it's defrosted. food served at the party last night 23 mouth-watering มีรสชาติดี, อร่อย The (adj.) was very mouth-watering. ร่วมสมัย, Although the play was written 24 contemporary ที เ ่ กิ ด ขึ น ้ ในเวลา hundreds of years ago, it still has a (adj.) เดียวกัน contemporary feel to it. He is very well known for his ความช� ำ นาญ, 25 expertise (n.) ความเชี่ยวชาญ expertise in the history of British economics. My schedule is flexible, so I think I ที ย ่ ด ื หยุ น ่ ได้ , 26 flexible (adj.) ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงได้ could arrange to meet with you any day next week. คิดเอาเอง, ทึกทัก, I suppose it will be foggy in the 27 suppose (v.) คาดเดา mountain. texture of the baby’s cloth must 28 texture (n.) พื้นผิวของวัตถุ The be silky and smooth. I had to buy a new washing machine 29 economical (adj.) ประหยัด as it would not have been economical to get it repaired. 18 stable (adj.)

มั่นคง, แน่วแน่, ไม่เปลี่ยนแปลง, คงที่ ร้ายแรง, รุนแรง, มหันต์

Sentence

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

UNIT 5 : CONSUMERISM

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The salaries of temporary employees ought to be under the general manager’s decisions. เกี่ยวกับเมือง, Many Americans were leaving the ในเมือง farm for the promise of urban life. โดยแท้จริง, Ten years of incompetent government ตามความเป็นจริง, had brought about the virtual collapse เกือบ of the country's economy. members and employees of the การต่อรองราคา, The organization made a bargain with the สินค้าราคาถูก higher authorities. เปลี่ยนแปลง The market leader's proven ability to ปรับปรุง หรือ innovate provides a key attraction for สร้างสรรค์สิ่งใหม่ๆ shareholders. ความแข็งแกร่ง, She had the strength and stamina to ความแข็งแรง take the lead and win the gold medal. The McCorden twins look so identical เหมือนกันมาก that everyone cannot tell who is John or who is Josh. At first, we thought the chair was an ของเก่า, antique worth a lot of money, but later ของโบราณ it turned out to be a valueless replica.

1 temporary (adj.) ชัไม่่วคคราว, งทนถาวร 2 urban (adj.) 3 virtual (adj.) 4 bargain (n.) 5 innovate (v.) 6 strength (n.) 7 identical (adj.) 8 antique (n.) 9 unique (adj.) 10 vendor (n.)

เป็นหนึ่งเดียว, Each person's genetic code is unique ที่มีลักษณะเฉพาะ except in the case of identical twins. For the past few months she's been คนขายของ working as a street vendor, selling fruit and vegetables.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

They have increased their provision of affordable housing in order to make home ownership accessible to buyers. ตกแต่ง, It is easy to decorate the field with the ประดับประดา latest innovation. On saint-day celebrations and other เกี่ยวกับงาน occasions, public recitations รื่นเริง, เกี่ยวกับ festive make the poetry available to a larger ช่วงเทศกาล audience. embroider a masterpiece is really เย็บปักถักร้อย To a painstaking task. เครื่องประดับ, An exquisite ornament is on the table. อุปกรณ์ตกแต่ง drawback of living with someone is ข้อเสีย, ข้อด้อย, Ahaving to share a bathroom and อุปสรรค sometimes a bed.

ายได้, 11 affordable (adj.) สามารถจ่ ที่มีเงินพอจ่าย 12 decorate (v.) 13 festive (adj.) 14 embroider (v.) 15 ornament (n.) 16 drawback (n.)

ขอบเขต, ขนาด, การประเมินค่า ภัยคุกคาม, 18 threat (n.) อันตราย, ความเสี่ยง ากกว่า, 19 outweigh (v.) มีน�้ำมหนั กเกิน ความซื่อสัตย์, 20 loyalty (n.) ความจงรักภักดี มีความรอบรู้, 21 knowledgeable เฉลียวฉลาด, (adj.) เป็นปัญญาชน 17 extent (n.)

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

While approaching the airport, you could see the full extent of the island. Drunken drivers do pose a serious threat to other road users. The benefits of the project far outweigh the risks. All the countries have proclaimed their loyalty to the alliance. He's very knowledgeable about German literature.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

22 independent (adj.)

23 keen (adj.) 24 intonation (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

เป็นอิสระ, ซึ่งปกครองตนเอง, Hundreds of small independent shops ที่ไม่ต้องพึ่งพาคน will be forced to close by the opening อื่น, ที่ไม่ได้อยู่ of this superstore. ภายใต้การบังคับ ของผู้อื่น กระตือรือร้น With an election approaching, the อยากที่จะท�ำ, prime minister is keen to maintain his ฉลาด popularity. การออกเสียงสูง- The end of a sentence that is not a ต�่ำ, ท่วงท�ำนอง question is usually marked by falling ของเสียง intonation. UNIT 6 : LEISURE TIME

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Don’t dare contradict the dose of the medicine. จัดการ, แก้ปัญหา, The president is clearly in a dilemma 2 tackle (v.) รับมือ, ควบคุม about how to tackle the crisis. ่สามารถท�ำให้ Most of the studies use inflatable 3 inflatable (adj.) ทีพองได้ devices with three components. สหภาพ, สหพันธ์, The trade federation promotes 4 federation (n.) การรวมตัวกัน cooperation between local ทางการเมือง businesses. ความแข็งแรงทาง It is a school where brains are much 5 brawn (n.) กาย, กล้ามเนื้อ more respected than brawn. They showed a documentary on 6 documentary (n.) สารคดี animal communication. 1 contradict (v.)

ขัดแย้ง

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

7 gradual (adj.) 8 obstacle (n.) 9 humility (n.) 10 conflict (n.) 11 individual (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

ทีละเล็กทีละน้อย, There has been a gradual ค่อยๆ เป็นค่อยๆ improvement in our sales figures over ไป the last two years. The chief obstacle to such a law in the first part of the twentieth century อุปสรรค was opposition from settlers and farmers. ความอ่อนน้อม He does not have the humility to ถ่อมตน, ความนอบน้อม admit when he is wrong. ambassador has offered to act as ความขัดแย้ง, The go-between for the two countries ความไม่ลงรอยกัน ainvolved in the conflict. The new tax system would be บุคคล, calculated on the value of property ปัจเจกบุคคล owned by an individual.

Several of the teachers were ineffectual at maintaining proper discipline. She bears a very unfortunate 13 unfortunate (adj.) โชคร้าย, ดวงไม่ดี resemblance to her rather unattractive mother. The defendant was depressed and เพราะฉะนั น ้ , 14 therefore (adv.) ดังนั้น therefore not fully responsible for her own actions. The microphone converts acoustic ที เ ่ กี ย ่ วข้ อ งกั บ 15 acoustic (adj.) เสียง waves to electrical signals for transmission. 12 discipline (n.)

ระเบียบวินัย, ข้อบังคับ, การฝึกฝน

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

books are compulsory reading 16 compulsory (adj.) ที่จ�ำเป็น, ที่บังคับ These for students of architecture. พี่น้องร่วมสาย There was great sibling rivalry 17 sibling (n.) โลหิต between Peter and his elder brother. You should use concrete examples สาธิต, 18 illustrate (v.) real-life situations to illustrate แสดงให้เห็นถึง and your point. สถานที่เกิดเหตุ, The dancing competition this year 19 arena (n.) สนามกีฬา, takes place at an Olympic arena in สังเวียน Italy. When I am feeling miserable, I go เป็ น ทุ ก ข์ , เดื อ ด 20 miserable (adj.) ร้อน, ล�ำเค็ญ shopping to spoil myself and buy some new dresses. There is no need to exhaust yourself over things you couldn’t control. Horror, intense, and bloody movies 22 frighten (v.) ท�ำให้กลัว frighten me. , อย่างน่าจะ She realized that this would probably 23 probably (adv.) บางที เป็นไปได้, อาจจะ be the last time she could see him. 21 exhaust (v.)

ใช้จนหมด

UNIT 7 : FAME AND THE MEDIA

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

gave a clear, factual account of ที่เป็นข้อเท็จจริง She the attack to the police officers. The teacher drew a diagram showing ทะลุ ผ า ่ น, 2 through (prep.) ผ่านทาง how the blood flows through the heart. 1 factual (adj.)

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

การงาน, เหตุการณ์, ความ The dinner, attended by the rich and 3 affair (n.) สัมพันธ์เชิงชู้สาว, the famous, was a lavish affair. เรื่องอื้อฉาว I put an advert in the paper to sell my 4 advert (n.) โฆษณา bike, but I have not had any takers. แท่น, เวที, Maglev train will leave from platform 5 platform (n.) ชานชาลา 12. ประสบผลส�ำเร็จ, Be ambitious to achieve your dreams. 6 achieve (v.) บรรลุ, ได้รับ ซื่อสัตย์, จงรัก His faithful old dog accompanied him 7 faithful (adj.) ภักดี, น่าเชื่อถือ everywhere he went. Gathered all together in this church, commemorate ฉลองเพื อ ่ เป็ น การ 8 (v.) commemorate those who lost ระลึกถึง, ระลึกถึง we their lives in the war. 9 10 11 12

The programme makers reject the that seeing violence on reject (v.) ปฏิเสธ, ไม่ยอมรับ notion television has a harmful effect on children. รายได้รัฐที่มาจาก The government is scrabbling around revenue (n.) การเสียภาษีของ for ways to raise revenue without ประชาชน putting up taxes. The police have been ordered to pay substantial (adj.) มากมาย, ส�ำคัญ substantial damages to the families of the two dead boys. พัศดีเรือนจ�ำ, She is the warden of a home warden (n.) ผู้คุม, เจ้าหน้าที่ responsible for taking care of all the ดูแลสถาบัน mentally handicapped people. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

13 defend (v.) 14 guilty (adj.)

Thai Definition

president was asked how he แก้ต่าง, ปกป้อง, The could defend a policy that increased กล่าวแย้ง unemployment. I am certain she must have done ที่มีความผิด, something wrong because she is ที่รู้สึกผิด looking very guilty.

15 inspire (v.)

ดลบันดาลใจ, ให้ก�ำลังใจ, กระตุ้น

16 perhaps (adv.)

บางที, อาจจะเป็นไปได้

17 criticize (v.)

วิจารณ์, แสดงความคิดเห็น ขึ้นอยู่กับ, พึ่งพิง, อาศัย, ไว้วางใจ

18 depend (v.)

Sentence

19 adjustable (adj.) ที่สามารถปรับได้ 20 aperture (n.)

ช่อง, รู, โพรง

21 exposure (n.)

การเปิดเผย, การน�ำออกแสดง, การสัมผัส

spite of/ ถึงแม้ว่าจะมี, 22 indespite (prep.) ถึงอย่างไรก็ตาม

Going from one school to another, mentors and educators hope to inspire learners. The dialogue sounded unnatural, perhaps due to the translation from the original Russian. My neighbours do nothing but criticize my garden. Stand on your own feet and don’t depend on others. Homebuyers with risky credit ratings were able to get mortgages with adjustable interest rates. The only way to enter the cave is to go through a narrow aperture. Researchers concluded that low level exposure to the chemical was unlikely to cause harm. Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying it. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

23 behave (v.)

ประพฤติตน

24 candidate (n.)

ผู้เข้าแข่งขัน, ผู้สมัคร

Sentence

I gave him a sharp and meaningful glance to behave properly. As a candidate, I should pass all the requirements.

UNIT 8 : NATURAL WORLD

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

รักษ์, การ Energy conservation reduces your 1 conservation (n.) การอนุ สงวน, การรักษา fuel bills and helps the environment. My instinctive reaction was to walk เกี ย ่ วกั บ 2 instinctive (adj.) สัญชาตญาณ away when I was in an argument, avoiding fighting. เหตุการณ์, A youth was seriously injured in a สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น shooting incident on Saturday night. ซึ่งไม่ได้สติ, She was hit on the head by a big 4 unconscious (adj.) หมดสติ, ไม่รสู้ กึ ตัว stone and knocked unconscious. Some companies use bonuses as an encouragement การให้ ก ำ � ลั ง ใจ, 5 (n.) encouragement to their staff to work การสนับสนุน harder. 3 incident (n.)

6 migrate (v.)

อพยพ

7 welfare (n.)

สวัสดิภาพ

8 coordinate (v.)

ท�ำงานร่วมกัน, ประสานกัน, ร่วมมือกัน

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

In September, these birds migrate 2,000 miles south to a warmer climate. These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and welfare of immigrants. We must coordinate with the local charities to distribute food to the region.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

so many areas of woodland ถิ่นที่อยู่อาศัยของ With being cut down, a lot of wildlife is พืชหรือสัตว์ losing its natural habitat. ใกล้สูญพันธุ์, เสี่ยง Many endangered animals are in the 10 endangered (adj.) ต่อการสูญพันธุ์ brink of extinction. Internet communication instantly 11 accurate (adj.) ถูกต้อง, แม่นย�ำ provides timely and accurate data for evaluating investment opportunities. การล้อมรอบ An early example of privatization was 12 enclosure (n.) (ด้วยรั้ว ก�ำแพง the enclosure of public land for use หรือที่กั้น) by wealthy landlords. ด้วยเช่นกัน, Just water these plants twice a week, 13 likewise (adv.) เหมือนกัน, and, likewise, the ones in the ในท�ำนองเดียวกัน bedroom. Everyone is advised to engage in an 14 engage (v.) ว่าจ้าง honest conversation. ซึ่งท�ำให้หรือน�ำมา Renewable energy sources, such as 15 renewable (adj.) ทดแทนได้, wind and solar power, can be ที่ไม่มีวันหมด produced as quickly as they are used. need to ensure that handwriting is 16 properly (adv.) อย่างเหมาะสม We properly taught in our primary schools. Many tribes became extinct when 17 extinct (adj.) สูญพันธุ์ they came into contact with Western illnesses. The extract is taken from an old 18 extract (n.) สารสกัด manuscript. What is the real measure of 19 measure (n.) มาตรการ intelligence? 9 habitat (n.)

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

20 tentacle (n.) 21 revive (v.) 22 desert (v.)

Thai Definition

อวัยวะของสัตว์ที่ ยื่นยาวออกมา เช่น งวงหรือ หนวดของหมึก ฟื้นฟู, ฟื้นคืนสติ, กลับมามีชีวิตชีวา อีกครั้งหนึ่ง ละทิ้ง

23 characteristic (n.) ลักษณะนิสัย

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Sentence

The tentacle pores of insects are microscopic. They recognized that the country would revive only if it thoroughly disengaged from the chaos of the old regime. The passengers desert a sinking boat in time. The only characteristic he got from his parents was his pale coloured skin.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

SINCE THERE IS NOTHING SO WELL WORTH HAVING AS FRIENDS, NEVER LOSE A CHANCE TO MAKE THEM. FRANCESCO GUICCIARDINI

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

S CIE NC E A N D T E C H NO LO G Y

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

VOCABULARY

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PHYSICS UNIT 1 : MOTION

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

sciences วิทยาศาสตร์ 1 natural (n.) ธรรมชาติ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Physics is a branch of study in the division of natural sciences. The practical application of science technology (n.) เทคโนโลยี for the betterment of life is called technology. method is a step by step scientific method กระบวนการทาง Scientific procedure to study occurrences in (n.) วิทยาศาสตร์ nature. Any system of unit specifies fundamental หน่วยฐาน fundamental units from which other units (n.) units follow. Accuracy is a measure of how close accuracy (n.) ความแม่นย�ำ a measurement is to the actual value. is the measure of how precision (n.) ความละเอียด Precision minutely the measurement is made. Position is a measurement of a position (n.) ต�ำแหน่ง location with reference to the origin. Displacement is defined as the net displacement (n.) การกระจัด shift in the initial to the final position of the object.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Sentence

Distance is a scalar quantity; that is, it has magnitude only. Speed is a measure of how fast an speed (n.) อัตราเร็ว object moves. Velocity is the speed in particular velocity (n.) ความเร็ว direction. Acceleration is defined as the change acceleration (n.) ความเร่ง in velocity per unit time. If the velocity of the car decreases retardation (n.) ความหน่วง as time goes on, we call it as deceleration or retardation. ticker tape timer เครื่องเคาะ The paper tape passes through a (n.) สัญญาณเวลา ticker tape timer. Force is the influence that produces force (n.) แรง an acceleration on an object. rope applies an equal force called tension (n.) แรงตึงในเส้นเชือก The tension in the upward direction. Gravitational force is greater than air gravitational แรงโน้มถ่วง resistance and hence the net force on force (n.) its acts downwards. projectile is an object travelling ่อนที่แนว Aunder projectile (n.) การเคลื the influence of gravitational โค้ง force alone. of Earth’s motion around the centripetal force แรงสู่ศูนย์กลาง Insun,case the gravity of the sun provides (n.) the centripetal force.

9 distance (n.) 10

Thai Definition

ระยะทาง

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SECONDARY 6

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Sentence

Vibration is also known as oscillation. ต�ำแหน่งสมดุล It goes back and forth about a fixed point called the equilibrium position. force แรงดึงกลับ The restoring force pushes the object 21 restoring (n.) towards the equilibrium. There are four fundamental forces in fundamental 22 forces (n.) แรงพื้นฐาน nature. These forces emerged within a second after the Big Bang. Electromagnetic force acts in the 23 electromagnetic แรงแม่ เ หล็ ก ไฟฟ้ า force (n.) form of electric and magnetic fields. Strong force keeps the nucleus แรงนิ ว เคลี ย ร์ แ บบ 24 strong force (n.) เข้ม together, overcoming the repulsion between protons. Weak force is responsible for the วเคลียร์แบบ emission of beta particles (a type of 25 weak force (n.) แรงนิ อ่อน radioactivity). In this process, a neutron transforms into a proton. Potential energy is the energy potential energy 26 (n.) พลังงานศักย์ possessed by an object by virtue of its position. energy พลังงานจลน์ Kinetic energy is the energy 27 kinetic (n.) possessed by moving objects. Momentum is a quantity associated with moving objects. It is the product 28 momentum (n.) โมเมนตัม of the mass “m” and the velocity “v” of the moving object: p=mv. collision การชนแบบ Collision between hard metal balls is 29 elastic (n.) ยืดหยุ่น an elastic collision. 20 equilibrium position (n.)

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SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Rotational motion happens when an object moves around an axis, called axis of rotation. Moment of inertia is a quantity moment of โมเมนต์ associated with rotational motion. It inertia (n.) ความเฉื่อย plays a role equivalent to that of the mass for linear motion. angular momen- โมเมนตัมเชิงมุม The angular momentum is defined as tum (n.) the moment of the linear momentum. Torque is the turning moment of the torque (n.) แรงบิด force. Wave is a periodic, continuous pulse (n.) คลื่นดล disturbance that is consists of a train of pulses. simple harmonic การเคลื่อนที่แบบ Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is an motion (n.) สั่นอย่างง่าย important special case of oscillations. Hooke’s Law states that the restoring Hooke’s Law กฎของฮุก force is directly proportional to the displacement. The maximum displacement of the amplitude (n.) แอมพลิจูด particle from the equilibrium position is called amplitude of the wave. The period or time period (T) of a period (n.) คาบ wave is the time it takes for one complete oscillation. The number of complete cycles of the frequency (n.) ความถี่ wave per second passing a fixed point is called the frequency of the wave.

motion การเคลื่อนที่ 30 rotational (n.) แบบหมุน 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Sentence

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Thai Definition

Simple pendulum performs simple harmonic motion for small amplitudes. Energy is required to create a wave and wave transports the energy. Mechanical waves require a material medium to travel. Electromagnetic waves comprise oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other. When the particle of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of a wave, the wave is called a transverse wave. When the particles of the medium move in the same direction as the direction of propagation of a wave, the wave is called a longitudinal wave. The distance between two successive crests or troughs is called the wavelength of a wave. A ripple tank is a shallow glass tank used in the laboratory to demonstrate the basic properties of waves. Reflection is the bouncing back of light, heat, sound or energy from a medium. Diffraction is the bending of a wave around an edge or through an opening.

pendulum ลูกตุ้มอย่างง่าย 40 simple (n.) 41 wave (n.)

คลื่น

wave คลื่นกล 42 mechanical (n.) คลื่นแม่เหล็ก 43 electromagnetic wave (n.) ไฟฟ้า wave คลื่นตามขวาง 44 transverse (n.) wave คลื่นตามยาว 45 longitudinal (n.) 46 wavelength (n.) ความยาวคลื่น 47 ripple tank (n.)

ถาดคลื่น

48 reflection (n.)

การสะท้อน

49 diffraction (n.)

การเลี้ยวเบน

Sentence

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Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Refraction is the change in direction 50 refraction (n.) การหักเห of a wave when going from one medium to another. When two identical waves travel through the same region of water in a tank, depending on their phases 51 interference (n.) การแทรกสอด ripple the waves add up or cancel out. This phenomenon is called interference of wave. The rate at which energy is transferred 52 power (n.) ก�ำลัง is called power, measured in joule/ second, named watt (W). The amount of power crossing a unit 53 intensity (n.) ความเข้ม cross-sectional area in a given direction is known as the intensity of sound. The loudness of the sound depends 54 loudness (n.) ความดัง on its intensity. Pitch is the characteristic of a musical 55 pitch (n.) ระดับเสียง sound which distinguishes a sharp or shrill sound from a dull or grave sound. Sound which has been reflected is 56 echo (n.) เสียงก้อง called an echo. Musicians use the beats effect to tune 57 beats (n.) ปรากฏการณ์บีตส์ two musical instruments to the same note. The vibration patterns produced by 58 resonance (n.) การสั่นพ้อง resonance are known as normal modes. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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effect 59 Doppler (n.) 60 fluid (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

ปรากฏการณ์ดอป RADAR system use Doppler effect to เพลอร์ determine the speed of their target. Venturi flow meter is used to measure ของไหล the rate of flow of a fluid through a pipe.

UNIT 2 : ELECTROMAGNETISM

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Static electricity is the presence of electric charges on a surface. Materials like rubber and glass that do not let charges move through them are called insulators. Conductors allow the charges to pass through them, and thus enable conduction of electric charges, which we call electric current. We can charge objects by the method of induction. Electric field is the region around a charge or a system of charges in which another charge experiences a force. We can associate a quantity called electric potential to every point in an electric field. A capacitor is a device that stores energy in an electric field. This electric field is created by strong opposite.

electricity ไฟฟ้าสถิต 1 static (n.) 2 insulator (n.)

ฉนวนไฟฟ้า

3 conductor (n.)

ตัวน�ำไฟฟ้า

4 induction (n.)

การเหนี่ยวน�ำ

5 electric field (n.) สนามไฟฟ้า potential ศักย์ไฟฟ้า 6 electric (n.) 7 capacitor (n.)

Sentence

ตัวเก็บประจุ

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Thai Definition

Sentence

When the potential difference between ความต่างศักย์ the two plates reaches the battery 8 potential difference (n.) ไฟฟ้า voltage, the movement of the charge carriers stop. The capacitance of the capacitor is a measure of how much charges it can 9 capacitance (n.) ความจุไฟฟ้า store when connected to a battery of a given voltage. Electrostatic potential energy is the energy พลังงานศักย์ potential energy possessed by a 10 potential (n.) charged body when placed in an external electric field. This potential difference makes the electromotive 11 force (n.) แรงเคลื่อนไฟฟ้า current possible and is known as electromotive force (emf). Resistors are devices (electrical component) made by mixing carbon 12 resistor (n.) ตัวต้านทานไฟฟ้า with insulating substances or by wires of high resistance materials wound around an insulator. In a series circuit the same amount of 13 series circuit (n.) วงจรอนุกรม current flows through all the loads. In a parallel circuit, each element has circuit วงจรขนาน 14 parallel a separate path connecting it directly (n.) to the battery. Electric power is the rate at which the electric power electrical energy is converted into 15 (n.) ก�ำลังไฟฟ้า other forms such as heat or mechanical energy. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Sentence

The region or the space surrounding a magnet where the magnetic influence can be felt is called magnetic field. field เส้นแรงแม่เหล็ก A magnetic field can be described by 17 magnetic line (n.) drawing magnetic field lines. An inductor is a tightly wound coil 18 inductor (n.) ตัวเหนี่ยวน�ำ of wire. current กระแสเหนี่ยวน�ำ The current in the circuit is called 19 induced (n.) induced current. An induced emf can also be produced 20 solenoid (n.) ขดลวดโซลีนอยด์ by moving a magnet towards or away from a circular coil or a solenoid. Electromagnetic waves (EM waves for คลื่นแม่เหล็ก 21 electromagnetic short) are waves which can travel wave (n.) ไฟฟ้า through a vacuum. The intensity of the electromagnetic waves is the energy passing per unit 22 intensity (n.) ความเข้ม area per second normal (perpendicular) to the surface. Radio waves have the longest 23 radio wave (n.) คลื่นวิทยุ wavelength and the lowest frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum. produce a heating effect 24 microwave (n.) คลื่นไมโครเวฟ Microwaves when absorbed by materials. 25 infrared wave (n.) คลื่นอินฟราเรด Infrared waves are heat waves. X-rays are produced when fast 26 x-ray (n.) รังสีเอ็กซ์ moving electrons are suddenly stopped by a material plate. field 16 magnetic (n.)

สนามแม่เหล็ก

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Sentence

Polarisation is the process of ปรากฏการณ์ โ พลา 27 polarisation (n.) ไรเซชัน restricting the electric and magnetic fields in light. 28 29 30 31

Scattering occurs when light is scattering (n.) การกระเจิง absorbed and re-emitted by air molecules. An antenna used for broadcasting a antenna (n.) เสาอากาศ signal should have a length comparable to the wavelength of signal. analogue signal represents analogue signal สัญญาณอนล็อก An information (say, speech) as continuous (n.) variations in signal voltage level. signals represent the same digital signal (n.) สัญญาณดิจิทัล Digital information as a binary number. UNIT 3 : MODERN PHYSICS

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

A continuous spectrum has all wavelength in a range of 1 continuous สเปกตรั ม ต่ อ เนื อ ่ ง spectrum (n.) electromagnetic radiation, such as all colours in visible range. Line spectrums can be further divided 2 line spectrum (n.) สเปกตรัมแบบเส้น into emission spectrums and absorption spectrums. The minimum frequency that produces threshold effect in a particular 3 frequency (n.) ความถี่ขีดเริ่ม photoelectric metal is known as the threshold frequency for that metal. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Thai Definition

4 ground state (n.) สถานะพื้น 5 excited state (n.) สถานะถูกกระตุ้น 6 photoelectron (n.)

โฟโตอิเล็กตรอน

7 photon (n.)

โฟตอน

8 photoelectric effect (n.)

ปรากฏการณ์โฟโต อิเล็กตริก

Broglie ความยาวคลื่น 9 de wavelength (n.) เดอบรอยล์

กความไม่ 10 uncertainty (n.) หลั แน่นอน me11 quantum chanics (n.)

กลศาสตร์ ควอนตัม

relativity สัมพัทธภาพพิเศษ 12 special (n.)

Sentence

The electrons quickly return to their ground states, by emitting the excess energy they possess. Higher energy levels are called excited states. The electrons emitted in this process are called photoelectrons. The energy of a photon of light of frequency “υ” is given by E=hυ. Photoelectric effect proved that light sometimes behaves as if to be made up of particles. Particles moving with momentum “P” have an associated wavelength given by h/p, where h is the Planck’s constant. It is called de Broglie wavelength. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle states that the position and velocity of a particle cannot be measured accurately at the same time. There will be an uncertainty. Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that explains the behavior of subatomic particles. Special relativity is concerned with observers travelling at uniform velocity in a straight line, without acceleration. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

13 relativity (n.)

Thai Definition

General theory of relativity deals with gravity and the nature of space-time. Nuclear reactors and atom bombs are application of mass-energy equivalence. They convert mass into energy. Protons and neutrons present inside the nucleus of atom are called nucleons. The number of protons is called the proton number or atomic number of the atom and is denoted by “Z”. The total number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus is called the nucleon number or mass number of the atom and is denoted by “A”. Atoms of an element having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are known as isotopes. The radiations emitted by a radioactive elements are sometimes called nuclear radiations since they are emitted from the nucleus of the atom. We know that alpha particle is helium nucleus which consists of two protons and two neutrons. Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves of very short wavelength and high energy.

สัมพัทธภาพ

reactor เตาปฏิกรณ์ 14 nuclear (n.) นิวเคลียร์ 15 nucleon (n.)

นิวคลีออน

number เลขอะตอม 16 atomic (n.) number 17 mass (n.)

เลขมวล

18 isotope (n.)

ไอโซโทป

radiation รังสีนิวเคลียร์ 19 nuclear (n.) 20 alpha particle (n.) อนุภาคแอลฟา 21 gamma ray (n.) รังสีแกมมา SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Thai Definition

22 beta particle (n.) อนุภาคบีต้า 23 half-life (n.)

ครึ่งชีวิต

24 activity (n.)

กัมมันตภาพรังสี

fission 25 nuclear (n.)

ปฏิกิริยานิวเคลียร์ ฟิชชัน

26 control rod (n.) แท่งควบคุม 27 coolant (n.)

สารหล่อเย็น

fusion 28 nuclear (n.)

ปฏิกิริยานิวเคลียร์ ฟิวชัน

energy พลังงานนิวเคลียร์ 29 nuclear (n.) 30 alternative source (n.)

พลังงานทางเลือก

Sentence

A beta particle is an electron. The half-life of a radioactive substance is defined as the time taken for half the nuclei present in the sample to decay. The activity of a radioactive substance is the average number of disintegrations per second. The process of a large unstable nucleus splitting into two lighter nuclei with the release of energy is called nuclear fission. Control rods control the number of neutrons available for fission. Coolant is a cooling material which removes the heat generated due to fission in the reactor. When the lighter nuclei combine or fuse to form a larger more tightly bound nucleus with the release of energy, the process is called nuclear fusion. Nuclear energy is the potential energy of protons and neutrons. Sources of energy other than fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) are called alternative sources of energy. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Sentence

Wind, flowing water, sunlight and spots are known as พลังงานหมุนเวียน geothermal renewable energy sources as they are replenished in nature. ่องเร่งอนุภาค Cyclotron was one of the earliest 32 cyclotron (n.) เครื ไซโคลตรอน particle accelerators. can achieve several ่องเร่งอนุภาค Synchrotrons 33 synchrotron (n.) เครื hundred GeV (giga electronvolt) of ซินโครตรอน energy. 31 renewable energy (n.)

34 35 36 37 38 39 40

There are 17 fundamental (or particles in nature. standard model ทฤษฎีแบบจ�ำลอง elementary) Particle Physicists have described (n.) มาตรฐาน and classified them base on a theory called the standard model. อนุภาค Fermions are building blocks of fermion (n.) เฟอร์มิออน matter. have fractional charges, but quark (n.) อนุภาคควาร์ก Quarks they do not exist as single particles. A pair of quark and antiquark combine meson (n.) อนุภาคมีซอน to form a type of particles called mesons. Bosons are mediators of interactions boson (n.) อนุภาคโบซอน (attractions or repulsions) between fermions. Gluons carry the strong nuclear force gluon (n.) อนุภาคกลูออน that acts between protons and neutrons bound in a nucleus. Higgs boson (n.) อนุภาคฮิกส์ Higgs bosons create the Higgs field. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Sentence

Cosmic rays are very high energy radiation from the outer space.

41 cosmic ray (n.) รังสีคอสมิค

ASTRONOMY UNIT 1 : STARS

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Asterism is a group or cluster of stars that appear close together in the sky. Black hole is the super dense core left 2 black hole (n.) หลุมด�ำ after a supergiant explodes as a supernova. Constellation is an apparent pattern of 3 constellation (n.) กลุ่มดาว stars in the night sky. Light-year is the distance that light 4 light-year (n.) ปีแสง travels in one year; 9.5 trillion kilometers. Main sequence star is a star that is main sequence 5 star (n.) ดวงดาวในวิถีหลัก fusing hydrogen atoms to helium; a star in the main portion of its "life." Nebula is an interstellar cloud of gas 6 nebula (n.) เนบิวลา and dust. Neutron star is the remnant of a 7 neutron star (n.) ดาวนิวตรอน massive star after it explodes as a supernova. When nuclei of two atoms fuse nuclear fusion ปฏิ ก ร ิ ย ิ านิ ว เคลี ย ร์ together, giving off tremendous 8 reaction (n.) ฟิวชัน amounts of energy is called nuclear fusion reaction. 1 asterism (n.)

กลุ่มดาว

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SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

9 parallax (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

Parallax is a method used by ปรากฏการณ์พารา astronomers to calculate the distance แลกซ์ to nearby stars, using the apparent shift relative to distant stars.

UNIT 2 : COSMOLOGY AND SPACE EXPLORATIONS

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Red giant is a stage in a star's development when the inner helium 1 red giant (n.) ดาวยักษ์แดง core contracts while the outer layers of hydrogen expand. Supernova star is a tremendous ซู ป เปอร์ โ นวา ; explosion that occurs when the core supernova star 2 (n.) ดาวฤกษ์ที่สว่าง of a star is mostly iron. A glowing กว่าดวงอาทิตย์ sphere of gases that produces light through nuclear fusion reactions. galaxy is an oval or egg galaxy กาแลกซี่ทรงรี Elliptical 3 elliptical shaped galaxy with older stars and (n.) little gas and dust. กาแลกซี่ ; ระบบ Galaxy is a very large group of stars 4 galaxy (n.) ขนาดใหญ่ของ held together by gravity ; few million ดาวฤกษ์ to a few billion stars. Globular cluster is groups of tens to cluster กระจุกดาว 5 globular hundreds of thousands of stars held (n.) ทรงกลม together by gravity. Irregular galaxy is a category of irregular galaxy กาแลกซี แ ่ บบไม่ ม ี 6 (n.) galaxy that is neither a spiral nor an รูปร่าง elliptical galaxy. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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7 8 9 10

Thai Definition

Sentence

Milky Way is the name of our galaxy; กาแลกซี ท ่ างช้ า ง Milky Way (n.) เผือก also the whitish band of stars visible in the night sky. A binary star is one of two stars that binary star (n.) ดาวคู่ orbit each other. Open cluster is groups of up to a few open cluster (n.) กระจุกดาวเปิด thousand stars loosely held together by gravity. Spiral arm is regions of gas and dust กาแลกซี แ ่ บบ spiral arm (n.) กังหัน plus young stars that wind outward from the central area of a spiral galaxy.

Spiral galaxy is a rotating type of 11 spiral galaxy (n.) กาแล็กซี่ก้นหอย galaxy with a central bulge and spiral arms with young stars, gas and dust. 12 star system (n.) ระบบดาว Star system is small groups of stars. Star cluster is larger groups of 13 star cluster (n.) กระจุกดาว hundreds of thousands of stars. Big Bang Theory is the hypothesis that all matter and energy were at one ทฤษฎี บ ก ิ แบง ; Bang Theory ทฤษฎีการระเบิด time compresses into a very small 14 Big (n.) volume; then there was an explosion ครั้งใหญ่ that sent everything moving outward, causing the universe to expand. Dark energy is yet an undiscovered 15 dark energy (n.) พลังงานมืด form of energy that we cannot see. Dark matter is matter in the universe 16 dark matter (n.) สสารมืด that doesn't emit light.

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Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Thai Definition

ปรากฏการณ์เรด ชิฟ ; การเปลี่ยน ความยาวคลื่น ของคลื่นแสง

Sentence

Shift of wavelengths of light towards the red end of the spectrum; happens redshift (n.) as a light source moves away from us is called Redshift. Universe is everything that exists ; all universe (n.) จักรวาล matter and energy ; also includes all of space and time. model is a model used by geocentric model แนวคิดโลกเป็น Geocentric the ancient Greeks that puts the Earth (n.) ศูนย์กลาง at the center of the universe. model is a model heliocentric แนวคิดดวงอาทิตย์ Heliocentric by Copernicus that put the model (n.) เป็น ศูนย์กลาง proposed Sun at the center of the universe. Moon is a celestial object that orbits a moon (n.) ดวงจันทร์ larger celestial object. Nebular hypothesis is the hypothesis nebular hypoth- สมมติฐานเนบิวลา that our solar system developed from esis (n.) a spinning cloud of gas and dust, or a nebula. Planet is a round, celestial object that planet (n.) ดาวเคราะห์ orbits a star and has cleared its orbit of smaller objects. Solar system is the Sun and all the solar system (n.) ระบบสุริยะ objects that revolve around the Sun as a result of gravity. Inner planets is the four planets inside inner planets (n.) ดาวเคราะห์ชั้นใน the asteroid belt of our solar system ; Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Thai Definition

Sentence

Terrestrial planets is the solid, dense, rocky planets that are like Earth. Day is the time that takes a planet to day (n.) วัน rotate once on its axis. Year is the time it takes for a planet to year (n.) ปี orbit the Sun. Galilean moons ดวงจันทร์กาลิ Galilean moons are the four largest (n.) เลียน moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo. Gas giants are the four large outer ดาวเคราะห์ ก า ๊ ซ gas giants (n.) ยักษ์ planets composed of the gases hydrogen and helium. Great Red Spot จุดแดงใหญ่ Great Red Spot is an enormous, oval (n.) shaped storm on Jupiter. Outer planets are the four large ดาวเคราะห์ ช น ้ ั outer planets (n.) นอก planets beyond the asteroid belt in our solar system. planetary rings วงแหวนดาวเค Planetary rings are rings of dust and (n.) ระห์ rock encircling a planet in a thin plane. Asteroid is rocky objects larger than a asteroid (n.) ดาวเคราะน้อย few hundred meters that orbit the Sun in the region known as the asteroid belt. Asteroid belt is a region between the แถบดาวเคราะห์ asteroid belt (n.) น้อย orbits of Mars and Jupiter where many asteroids are found. Dwarf planet is a round celestial dwarf planet (n.) ดาวเคราะห์แคระ object orbiting the Sun that has not cleared its orbit of other objects.

planets ดาวเคราะห์หิน 26 terrestrial (n.) 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Comet is a small, icy, dusty object in orbit around the Sun. Kuiper belt is a region of space around the Sun beyond the orbit of 38 Kuiper belt (n.) แถบไคเปอร์ Neptune that contains millions of frozen objects. Meteor is a material from outer space 39 meteor (n.) ดาวตก that burns up as it enters Earth's atmosphere. Meteorite is the solid portion of a 40 meteorite (n.) อุกกาบาต meteor that hits the Earth's surface. Meteoroid is a small rock in 41 meteoroid (n.) สะเก็ดดาว interplanetary space that has not yet entered Earth's atmosphere. Meteor shower is an area of frequent meteor shower 42 (n.) ฝนดาวตก meteors appearing to originate in a particular part of the sky. Catadioptric telescope is a telescope catadioptric กล้ อ งดู ด าวแบบ 43 telescope (n.) ผสม that use a combination of mirrors and lenses to focus light. Constellations are patterns of stars as 44 constellations กลุ ม ่ ดาว (n.) observed from Earth. Electromagnetic radiation is the electromagnetic 45 radiation (n.) รังสีแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า energy that transmitted through space as a wave. Frequency is the number of 46 frequency (n.) ความถี่ wavelengths that pass a given point every second. 37 comet (n.)

ดาวหาง

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

สเปกตรัมแม่เหล็ก Electromagnetic spectrum is the full 47 electromagnetic spectrum (n.) ไฟฟ้า range of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays is a penetrating form of 48 gamma rays (n.) รังสีแกมมา electromagnetic radiation. Infrared light is electromagnetic with frequencies between 49 infrared light (n.) รังสีอินฟาเรด waves radio waves and red light ; about 1 mm to 750 nanometers. Light-year is the distance light can 50 light-year (n.) ปีแสง travel in one year; 9.5 trillion kilometers. is the shortest 51 microwaves (n.) คลื่นไมโครเวฟ Microwaves wavelength radio waves. telescope กล้องโทรทรรศน์ Radio telescope is a radio antenna 52 radio (n.) วิทยุ that collects radio waves. Radio waves is the longest wavelengths of the electromagnetic 53 radio waves (n.) คลื่นวิทยุ spectrum; from 1 mm to more than thousands of kilometers. สเปกโตรมิเตอร์; เครื่องมือวัดเชิง Spectrometer is a tool that uses a ดหนึ่งที่ใช้ prism to break lights into its 54 spectrometer (n.) แสงชนิ ในการตรวจวัด component colors. คุณสมบัติเฉพาะ ของแสง Reflecting telescope is a telescope reflecting กล้ อ งโทรทรรศน์ 55 telescope (n.) แบบสะท้อนแสง that use mirrors to collect and focus light.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

telescope is a telescope กล้องโทรทรรศน์ Refracting that use convex แบบหักเหแสง focus light. lenses to collect and telescope กล้องโทรทรรศน์ Space telescope is a telescope in 57 space (n.) อวกาศ orbit above Earth's atmosphere. Ultraviolet is an electromagnetic รั ง สี 58 ultraviolet (n.) อัลตราไวโอเลต radiation having wavelengths shorter than the violet. 56 refracting telescope (n.)

Wavelength is the horizontal distance 59 wavelength (n.) ความยาวคลื่น measured from wave crest to wave crest, or wave trough to wave trough. Visible light is the portion of light in 60 visible light (n.) แสง the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to humans. Geostationary orbit is a satellite placed at just the right distance above 61 geostationary วงโคจรค้ า งฟ้ า orbit(n.) Earth to orbit at the same rate that Earth spins. Earth orbit วงโคจรต�่ำใกล้ผิว Low Earth orbit is the satellite that 62 low (n.) โลก orbits relatively close to the Earth. Orbit is the travel in a circular or 63 orbit (n.) วงโคจร elliptical path around another object. Polar orbit is a path for a satellite that 64 polar orbit (n.) วงโคจรขั้วโลก goes over the North and South Poles, perpendicular to Earth's spin. Satellite is an object, either natural or 66 satellite (n.) ดาวเทียม human made, that orbits a larger object. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

Rocket is a device propelled by particles flying out of it at high speed. Space probe is a spacecraft that is without a crew to collect data by 67 space probe(n.) ยานส�ำรวจอวกาศ sent flying near or landing on an object in space. Space Race is a competition between งขันด้าน the United States and the Soviet 68 space race (n.) การแข่ อวกาศ Union to have the best space technology. Thrust is the forward force produced 69 thrust (n.) แรงผลักดัน by gases escaping from a rocket engine. Orbiter is the main part of the space 70 orbiter (n.) ยานอวกาศ shuttle that has wings like an airplane. Space shuttle is a reusable spacecraft 71 space shuttle (n.) กระสวยอวกาศ capable of carrying large pieces of equipment or pieces of a space station. Space station is a large spacecraft in 72 space station (n.) สถานีอวกาศ space on which humans can live for an extended period of time. 65 rocket (n.)

จรวด

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

S OC I A L S T U DIES

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

VOCABULARY

SOCIAL STUDIES Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

1 alliance (n.) 2 arms race (n.) 3 capitalism (n.) 4 neutral (adj.) 5 stalemate (n.) 6 treaty (n.) 7 civil war (n.) 8 front (n.) 9 diplomacy (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

It was logical that nations not only พันธมิตร made alliances, but also prepared for the breakdown of alliances. การแข่งขันสะสม Both the USSR and the USA were อาวุธ engaged in an arms race. Western Europe and the USA, ทุนนิยม the key champions of capitalism, felt threatened by communism. Germany declared war on France and เป็นกลาง moved troops into neutral Belgium. Owing to the stalemate on the การคุมเชิง Western Front, the warring states resorted to other strategies. The nuclear arms limitation treaty was สนธิสัญญา signed in 1972. American, British and French troops สงครามกลางเมือง intervened in the Russian Civil War to destroy the Bolshevik government. Hitler had to think of a solution to แนวรบ avoid fighting a battle on two fronts. การทูต The dispute was solved by diplomacy.

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SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

10 disarmament (n.) การปลดอาวุธ 11 Isolationism (n.) ลัทธิโดดเดี่ยว 12 sanctions (n.)

การบังคับตาม กฎหมายระหว่าง ประเทศ

13 nationalism (n.) ชาตินิยม of power การถ่วงดุลอ�ำนาจ 14 balance (n.) 15 autarky (n.)

การพึ่งพาตนเอง ทางเศรษฐกิจ

16 propaganda (n.) โฆษณาชวนเชื่อ 17 protectionism (n.) 18 embargo (n.)

ลัทธิการคุ้มครอง ทางการค้า การสั่งห้ามเข้า ออกทางสินค้า

19 Bureaucracy (n.) ระบบราชการ theory 20 domino (n.)

ทฤษฎีโดมิโน

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Sentence

The disarmament terms upset Germans. The USA decided to practice the isolationism after the Great War. Although the economic sanctions annoyed Mussolini, they did not seriously affect Italy. Nationalism is a feeling of pride in one’s country and a desire for it to be strong and powerful. The Iranian revolution changed the balance of power in the Middle East. Authoritarian regimes always changed the economic system from free trade to autarky. Germany used propaganda and violence against others. Many countries moved to a policy of protectionism. Japan negotiated with the United Kingdom to lift the embargo. Bureaucracy is the officials who regulate the government’s policies, enforcing government rules. The turning of Vietnam into communism will trigger the domino theory in Southeast Asia.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

การรวมเป็นหนึ่ง เดียว ำกัดการ 22 containment (n.) การจ� ขยายตัว

Stalin promised to set up a Polish coalition government. The Truman Doctrine is a part of containment policy. Some called this policy of letting the Doctrine (n.) หลักการ countries of Eastern Europe go their own way the ‘Sinatra Doctrine’. The COMECON was also formed to satellite (n.) ประเทศบริวาร unite the economies of the Soviets’ satellites under Moscow’s leadership. The airlift destroyed the effectiveness blockade (n.) การปิดล้อม of the Berlin Blockade. West introduced the economic reunification (n.) การรวมตัวกันใหม่ The reunification to Germany. The USA, UK and France are the the West (n.) ชาติตะวันตก spearheaded nations of the West. Yugoslavia had refused to accept domination (n.) การครอบง�ำ Soviet domination after the Second World War. superpower always denounced superpower (n.) ชาติอภิมหาอ�ำนาจ Each and opposed any action by the other. President Johnson reduced the campaign (n.) การรณรงค์ bombing campaign against North Vietnam. Terrorism, whether transnational or terrorism (n.) การก่อการร้าย not, is a highly concentrated area of contention.

21 coalition (n.)

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

The Global War on Terrorism was as a pretext and a justification 32 justification (n.) ความชอบธรรม used by the US and its NATO allies to carry out a war without borders. The threat of Islamic terrorism was 33 cornerstone (n.) สิ่งที่ส�ำคัญพื้นฐาน the cornerstone of the Bush administration’s military doctrine. The most widely accepted attributes 34 derogatory (adj.) เสื่อมเสีย of the term ‘terrorism’ is that it is derogatory. A new wave of modern terrorist groups is both products of and 35 globalisation (n.) โลกาภิวัฒน์ challenges to key ideas associated with globalisation. Terrorist groups are often perceived 36 radical (adj.) ซึ่งรุนแรง as a radical group. These forms of intervention bring the 37 intervention (n.) การแทรกแซง state more directly into contact with the everyday lives of citizens. Globalisation provides the characteristransnational 38 (adj.) ข้ามชาติ tic opportunity of transnational crimes for terrorist groups. ‘All Muslims should join in their brotherhood to fight against the 39 oppressor (n.) ผู้กดขี่ oppressor’ is propaganda of many terrorist organizations. ระบอบการ The US overthrew Osama bin Laden’s 40 regime (n.) ปกครอง regime in Afghanistan. SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

I AM RUNNING FOR PRESIDENT TO HELP CREATE A BETTER FUTURE. A FUTURE WHERE EVERYONE WHO WANTS A JOB CAN FIND ONE. WHERE NO SENIOR FEARS FOR THE SECURITY OF THEIR RETIREMENT. AN AMERICA WHERE EVERY PARENT KNOWS THAT THEIR CHILD WILL GET AN EDUCATION THAT LEADS THEM TO A GOOD JOB AND A BRIGHT HORIZON.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

OC C U PAT I O N

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

VOCABULARY

OCCUPATION COMPUTER

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

1 vector (n.)

2 bitmap (n.)

Thai Definition

ไฟล์ภาพที่ ประกอบไปด้วยจุด และเส้น สร้างขึ้น มาจากรูปทรงที่ถูก ก�ำหนดโดยสมการ คณิตศาสตร์ สามารถย่อ/ขยาย ขนาดภาพได้โดย ไม่เสียรูปทรง และ ภาพไม่แตก ไฟล์ภาพเกิดจาก จุดสีขนาดเล็ก จ�ำนวนมากเรียง ตัวกันในรูปแบบ pixel โดยในแต่ละ ภาพก็มีค่าและ ขนาดของรูปภาพ ที่แน่นอน ถ้ามี การขยายเพิ่มมาก ขึ้นจนเกินไปจะ ท�ำให้มองเห็นเป็น รูปภาพแตกอย่าง ชัดเจน

Sentence

- Animation images are also usually created as vector files. - The user renders some 3D animation into vector graphics format.

- It is well matched with creating, transforming and outputting digital images of a photographic nature which share common pixels in a bitmap. - For static items like a dialog box, bitmaps are enough.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

3 resolution (n.) 4 artboard (n.) 5 alignment (n.) box 6 bounding (n.) 7 outline art (n.) 8 arc (n.) 9 polygon (n.) 10 crystallize (v.) 11 trace (v.) 12 smooth (v.) 13 ellipse (n.)

Thai Definition

Sentence

ความละเอียดของ The image quality is really bad the ภาพ resolution is so low. artboard works just like a piece พื้นที่การท�ำงาน The of paper would on a physical desk. text and image watermark can การวางต�ำแหน่ง The also be set with different opacity and ข้อความ/รูปภาพ alignment. The reference object is often represented by a bounding box. Outline art can also refer to sketch or ภาพร่าง, เส้นรอบ drawing in which an object is รูป represented by lines of contour without shading; omitting interior detail. An arc is a smoothly curving line or เส้นโค้ง movement. polygons are named รูปหลายเหลี่ยม Specific according to the number of sides. ตกแต่งด้วย If a substance crystallizes, or ลักษณะผลึก something crystallizes it, it turns แฉก into crystals. learned to draw by tracing การร่างคร่าวๆ She pictures out of old storybooks. If you smooth something, you move ท�ำให้เรียบ your hands over its surface to make it smooth and flat. Drag diagonally until the ellipse is the วงรี desired size. ขอบเขตของรูป

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SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

ภาพวาดที่มี Perspective is the art of making some 14 perspective (n.) สัดส่วนแบบที่มอง objects or people in a picture look เห็น further away than others. Use the Line Segment tool when 15 line segment (n.) ส่วนของเส้นตรง you want to draw one straight line segment at a time. The font weight or stroke weight is a used to describe the thickness of 16 stroke weight (n.) ความหนาของเส้น term a line that helps make up a character in a font. ความโปร่งความ Colorize selected bitmap(s) with 17 opacity (n.) ทึบของรูป specified color, using given opacity. การแสดงวัตถุตาม Layers provide a way to manage all 18 layer (n.) ต�ำแหน่งหน้าหลัง the items that make up your artwork. You can change the media size to any of the sizes listed in the PPD file as 19 orientation (n.) การวางแนว กระดาษท�ำงาน well as specify portrait (vertical) or landscape (horizontal) orientation. บขนาด It is a Scalable Vector Graphics 20 scalable (adj.) สามารถปรั ได้ format image. การเลือกเฉพาะ Cropping is a process in which the 21 crop (v.) บางส่วนของภาพ unwanted portion of an image is ที่ต้องการ discarded. have to shoot video clips 22 video clip (n.) วิดีโอไฟล์สั้นๆ Students before the next class. วิดีโอแบบเก่าที่ An analog video to digital conversion 23 analog video (n.) เก็บบันทึกในรูป is better than digital to analog. แบบวิดีโอเทป

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

24 audio (n.)

25 capture (v.)

Thai Definition

เสียงหรือคลื่น ความถี่ซึ่งสามารถ รับฟังได้โดยหูของ มนุษย์ การบันทึกวิดีโอ หรือภาพจาก แหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ ไปเก็บที่ฮาร์ดดิสค์

เทคนิคการซ้อน 26 chroma key (n.) วิดีโอที่สามารถตัด พื้นหลังออก 27 effect (n.)

28 export (n.)

รูปแบพิเศษในการ เปลี่ยนถ่ายจาก วิดีโอหนึ่งไปหา วิดีโอหนึ่ง กระบวนการ ถ่ายทอดข้อมูล จากวิดีโอที่ท�ำการ ตัดต่อด้วย โปรแกรมตัดต่อ แล้ว ไปเพื่อใช้ใน การเผยแพร่ในรูป แบบต่างๆ เช่น AVI, MPEG, MP4.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Sentence

All video editing software must have track for editing audio files. We can capture video from video tape to a computer hard disk. Chroma key is a technique for superimposing one video image onto another. We also the chroma key is called Green or blue screen. An effect is a special computer generated transition between two video clips.

The process of sharing files between applications. After students have finished editing their videos, they are going to export to be MPEG files.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

29 30 31 32 33

Thai Definition

Sentence

ค่อยๆลดหรือเพิ่ม ความคมชัดของ The end of my video fades out to fade (v.) วิดีโอหรือความดัง black color. ของเสียง Students prepare a lot of footages in footage (n.) คลิปวิดีโอ order to create their video projects. ำนวนภาพทีแ่ สดง Frame Rate is the number of frames frame rate (n.) จ�ผลในหนึ ่งวินาที per second in a video. การตัดต่อวิดีโอ Linear Editing is the traditional. It's linear editing (n.) แบบเก่า (แบบ called linear because tape must be ล�ำดับขั้นตอน) edited in the order it's presented. รูปแบบวิดีโอ Moving Pictures Experts Group MPEG (n.) มาตรฐานในการ (MPEG) is a standard for บีบอัด compressing digital video. - NTSC is the video standard in North America, Japan, Taiwan, and some other regions. ระบบมาตรฐาน NTSC/PAL (n.) วิดีโอที่นิยมใช้ - PAL is common in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, China, Thailand, and some other Asian places. แถบ(แทรค) can add another video clips over overlay track (n.) ส�ำหรับการใช้วิดีโอ We exiting clips by using Overlay track. ซ้อนมากกว่าหนึ่ง

36 render (v.)

กระบวนการท�ำให้ Rendering is the process of making a ไฟล์วิดีและภาพ finished movie from the source files in ต่างๆ เป็นไฟวิดีโอ a project.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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SECONDARY 6

Vocabulary & No. Parts of speech

Thai Definition

Sentence

is a place in the action ฉากในการแสดง Scene of a movie. A storyboard is a visual 38 storyboard (n.) บทภาพยนตร์ representation of your movie. การเริ่มเรื่องหรือ A title can be a movie title, a caption การน�ำเสนอ 39 title (n.) credit. Any text, image, or video ข้อความต่างๆ ที่ or file that overlays in your movie. วางซ้อนวิดีโอ การตัดบางส่วน Digital video can be trimmed frame 40 trim (v.) ของวิดีโอ by frame. 37 scene (n.)

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SECONDARY 6

MEMO

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

MEMO

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

MEMO

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 6

MEMO

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

Morning Assembly Prayer Let us pray to the Lord of mercy, Who loves us tremendously, Who graciously protects us, Dear God, please grant us fortitude and strength, So that we can study well all day long. Please help us to progress creatively, To be good from day to day, To be honest, and morally conscious. Please bless our nation, and His Majesty our King, Bless our parents and teachers, Bless our fellow countrymen, So they may love one another, And live happily in peace and harmony. Amen.

Afternoon Prayer Let us pray to the Lord our God, Who is full of love and mercy, Who protects us from all evils, A day has passed and we have gained much knowledge. We thank you Lord for your mercy, Please bless and protect our nation, His Majesty our King, Our parents and teachers, Please forgive us our trespasses, And lead us away from temptation, and deliver us from danger. Amen.

TIME BANK Imagine there is a bank that credits your account each morning with $86,400. It carries over no balance from day to day. Every evening the bank deletes whatever part of the balance you failed to use during the day. What would you do? Draw out every cent, of course!!!! Each of us has such a bank. Its name is TIME. Every morning, it credits you with 86,400 seconds. Every night it writes off, as lost, whatever of this you have failed to invest to good purpose. It carries over no balance. It allows no overdraft. Each day it opens a new account for you. Each night it burns the remains of the day. If you fail to use the day’s deposits, the loss is yours. There is no going back. There is no drawing against the “tomorrow”. You must live in the present on today’s deposits. Invest it so as to get from it the utmost in health, happiness, and success! The clock is running. Make the most of today. To realize the value of ONE YEAR, ask a student who failed a grade. To realize the value of ONE MONTH, ask a mother who gave birth to a premature baby. To realize the value of ONE WEEK, ask the editor of a weekly newspaper. To realize the value of ONE HOUR, ask the lovers who are waiting to meet. To realize the value of ONE MINUTE, ask a person who missed the train. To realize the value of ONE SECOND, ask a person who just avoided an accident. Treasure every moment that you have! And reassure it more because you shared it with someone special, special enough to spend your time. Remember that time waits for no one.

Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is mystery. Today is a gift. That’s why it’s called the present!

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY M.6

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