Essay On Earthquake In Pakistan

Reflection Paper On Earthquake

On January 12/2010, everyone wakes up doing their daily rooting as every other day but no one would of thought of what mother nature got on her fits for them exactly. January 12/2010 at 4:53 was the time and date when the unforgettable earthquake happened. It was a total chaos for the little island of Haiti when it was hit with a magnitude of 7.0 earthquake. Around that time, I was 12 years old living in Port–au–Prince in Haiti which is the capital. On that day people were like children that were learning how to walk and didn't have the balance to support their body weight, at that time; nobody could see clearly even if they had a 20/20 vision because there was so much dust around from the houses that were already collapsed. people were smacking into each other as if they were children playing in front of a mirror with their reflection, at that moment, everyone though there would be no more Haiti.

As some of you may heard that Haiti is a tropical island, but on January 12, 2010, I didn't smell any fresh air or fresh water running, instead I smelled fresh blood running because many people had died because of bricks falling on them and some even lost a leg or an arm, and there were some that unfortunate and lose both hands and legs. On that day, anybody could have died because nature didn't know who's an adult or child rich or poor. On that day, everyone including little kids was like a song composer, and it was like everyone bring was united as one and how all of them were

Disaster Management in Pakistan

DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN

1.Due to diverse geo–climatic conditions prevalent in different parts of the globe, different types of natural disasters like floods, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones, landslides, and volcanoes etc may strike according to the vulnerability of the area.

Introduction

2.Pakistan, due to its diverse range of terrain, is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from droughts to floods and earthquakes to cyclones. Pakistan suffered a major drought from 1995–2000. Pakistan almost every year suffers from floods but the destructions faced in 2010 have changed parameters of our thinking. Pakistan has also experienced earthquakes ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. Despite all these hazards, Pakistan is yet to...show more content...

This comprises all forms of activities, including structural and non–structural measures to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) adverse effects of hazards[4].

7.Disaster Management Operation Cycle. Purpose of 'Disaster Management Cycle' is to ensure pre and post disaster measures. Phases of 'Disaster Management Cycle' normally overlap and their length depends on magnitude of disaster[5]:–

a.Prevention.Actions taken to minimize adverse impact of disasters. These including structural measures like building of flood defences and non–structural measures like training etcetera. Public awareness related to disaster risk reduction, contribute in promoting a "culture of prevention" by changing attitudes. It revolves around civil institutions responsible to prevent disasters. b.Preparation.Specific measures taken before disasters strike, to ensure effective response constitute preparation. This phase may include specific contingency planning, emergency exercises, training, installation and use of warning systems. c.Rescue and Relief.Provision of assistance during or immediately after a disaster to save lives and meet basic subsistence needs of affected people, constitutes 'Rescue and Relief'. (1)Rescue.It is the first operation that follows a disaster. It has three distinct Get more content

Climate Change And Disaster Of Pakistan

Introduction:

The aim of this study to focus on climate change and disaster in Pakistan and how it will be vulnerable to different segments in society (including agriculture, women, children and health sectors etc) in general in rural areas of Pakistan.

Pakistan is an agricultural country (best cotton and rice production), have geographic value because of port Qasim and Gawadar,its total population is 181million.Pakistan have a biggest irrigation canal system in the world but its population haven't easy access of clean drinking water. Mangla, Rawal and Tarbela water Dams have biggest lakes, which have 100 thousands millions tons water but there are several elements that agricultural areas have not sufficient water for harvesting crops and population uses polluted sewage water (having chemical acids etc.)

The 2010 floods in Pakistan had a devastating effect on the Pakistani population. From livelihoods of rural populations to food security in urban areas, the core gateway transport, communication, energy, health, water control, and institutional systems upon which populations depended failed during the floods (Fazal & Ali, 2012). The 2010 flood disproportionately affected the already deprived and poorest regions, such as rural Sindh and southern Punjab. The majority of the population in these regions has limited income diversification and is mostly dependent on agriculture. The flood not only damaged standing crops, but also deprived rural dwellers of their assets and

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Expository Essay On Earthquake

Write an informative process analysis about another dramatic act of nature; for example, an earthquake, tornado, tsunami, or hurricane. Maninderdeep Singh Grant MacEwan university

23 – OCT– 2017

Author Note

This paper was prepared for English 111, taught by Professor Valentyna Kennedy

Abstract

There are a lot of disasters, but earthquake is the worst out of all. In this Research we can find out how an earthquake happens, the main reasons of why it happens and measures how a person can get out of such a situation. Earthquakes are the shock waves which happen for approximately half a minute. Taking references from books and journals it can be seen what a person should do during an earthquake and how this natural calamity can be measured and steps that government takes to find out where will this disaster show its power the next time.

Expository essay on earthquake

Earthquake is a Trembling or shaking alteration ofearth's surface. It is a sudden brutal shaking of the earth's surface occurring naturally and cause great massacre with its strong movements in the earth's crust or action of volcano. It is naturally occurring disturbance which can be characterize as an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the ground.it originate anytime inside the earth's crust and push a bulk of rock to slip rapidly. A huge amount of energy gets released and travel through rocks and waves, which cause tremors and trembling of

Current Political and social problems of Pakistan!!

Introduction

Pakistan these days is facing an immense crisis in political, social and economic drawback, recently Pakistan is passing through a series of chronic and painful problems include political, socioeconomic, energy crises, security, uncertainty in Balochistan, day to day suicide bombing, foreign Drones attacks and worst situation of law and order in FATA and NWFP. These all are brain blasting and heart pinching for all true Pakistanis.

Pakistan has been facing many crisis and problems since the time of its independence, but today the number of problems has multiplied to an extreme. From the basic necessities like food, clothes and shelter to the security of lives.

Categorizing...show more content...

An update of the five censuses is as under:

|Census Year |Definition ofLiteracy |Literacy Rate |

|1951 Census |One who can read a clear print |16.4% | | |in any language. | |

|1961 Census |One who is able to read with understanding a simple |16.3% | | |letter in any language | |

|1972 Census |One who is able to read and write in some language |21.7% | | |with understanding | |

|1981 Census |One who can read newspaper and |26.2% | | |write a simple letter | |

|1998 Census |One who can read a newspaper |43.9% | | |and write a simple letter, in any language. | |

Present Literacy and Illiteracy Rate: The average increase in Get more content

What would you do in a situation of a natural disaster with no resources, alone with no hope? A lot of people are scared from all of this commotions, fearing of no hope, losing lives even loved ones. There was a deadly magnitude earthquake of 7.2 that struck the central philippines on a national holiday. An estimated 43,000 people experienced severe shaking. Anotherearth quake hit with a magnitude of 6 in the fault of 1990 caused $154 in damage.The temblor is the strongest too come in 23 years. (Background essay)

People have had many disasters happen to homes and people are getting affected by all of the commotion.Interior secretary Mar Rotas in a statement said he had ordered the national police to check on reports that some local officials had been "hoarding" relief goods and distributed the selectivity supporters. People have there own stuff and they don't want too let it go of there stuff so they will need help. Since theearthquake, the Philippine red cross, with the supports of international federation of red cross and red crescent societies or IFRC has provided at least 10,000 families with essential household items including blankets, water containers, personal hygiene items, mosquito nets and tarpaulins.(Documents C,A)...show more content...

On October 15th an earthquake killed nearly 90 people. In the Philippines killed nearly 200 and displacing tens of thousands of dollars. The quake wrecked about more than 45,000 homes. These earthquakes have affected many people, damaging homes and even lives and causes millions of dollars for repairs. The quake, the strongest to hit the disaster–prone country in recent years, struck Bohol on October 15th. Felt across several neighbouring provinces, more than 2,500 aftershock have rippled through the region since.(Documents

I will be discussing the needs of a budget and what supplies will be in the budget plan. Then you will read some about the shelter provided, population of the community, and damages caused by earthquakes. There will be information about the policy and procedures to follow for an earthquake and what challenges we have to face. The conclusion will be completed in the next phase.|

Earthquake Preparedness Budget

There are three major consequences of an earthquake: injury to employees, customers and visitors; damage to property, the infrastructure of the area, and lifelines; and disruption of business operations (Crook, 1999). This is...show more content...

Damages Caused by Earthquakes

Past Records of Earthquake Damages There are many different types of damages that can be caused by earthquakes. People lose their homes, businesses are destroyed, and much more. Statistics shows the economic damage caused by earthquakes between 1900's and present here in the United States are 41.04 billions of dollars (Economic Damage Caused By Earthquakes By County Up To 2012, 2012). Between the years 2006 to 2012 there was 7,340 earthquakes with a magnitude of 4.0 to 4.9 (Earthquakes Worldwide By Richter Scale Gradation Up To 2012, 2012). Many lives are taken from the effects of an earthquake.

Other Department Involvement Other organizations pull together and help with the disasters across the world. Here is a list of a few organizations and the services they offer: American Red Cross| Fixed/mobile feeding stations, shelter, cleaning supplies, comfort kits, first aid, blood, food, clothing, emergency transportation and much more.| Friends Disaster Service| Provides clean–up and rebuilding assistance to the elderly, disabled, low income, or uninsured survivors of disasters.| Salvation Army| Mass and mobile feeding, temporary shelter, medical assistance, and distribution of donated goods such as food, clothes, and household items.| Volunteers of America| Making vehicles available for transporting victims and supplies to designate

Natural Disasters Research Project Earthquake: San Francisco, California

Earthquake An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. We know that tectonic plates move slowly towards, away from or past each other. Continents are parts of these plates which means they move too after time. Anearthquake occurs when the rocks break and move as a result stresses caused by plate tectonics. but sometimes they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the edges overcome Earthquakes are the most deadly of all natural disasters. When an earthquake strikes, it can make a difference between life and death. If you survive an earthquake it's something you'll never forget. Most of the time it's not the quake that kills people but the building and the things inside it that fall down. It can destroy pipelines, gas lines that can cause fire and zero electricity. Usually there are aftershocks for weeks or months. For example, the earthquake that happened in San Francisco, California on October 17,1989. It was a really destructive earthquake that killed people and billions of dollars in damages.

Description of The Event The earthquake that happened in San Francisco, California in 1989 was an earthquake that was triggered by a slip along the San Andreas fault. "The focus was in the Forest of Nisene Marks State Park, near Loma Prieta peak in the Santa Cruz mountains. Northeast of Santa Cruz and approximately 60 miles south of San Francisco. Seismicity

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Haiti Earthquake Case Study

that is much more dependent on international charity than on its own economic power and leaders that are better equipped at begging than leading.

Currently there are thousands of people delivering aid in Haiti, but the problem is that they are providing functions that should be the responsibility of the Haitian people and government. A spokesman for one of the largest UN organizations located in the country provided a clear picture of the problematic attitude, when asked whether the Haitian government has ever told the organization what to spend money on. The spokesman insisted that the Haitian government was in no position to do so because they were dependent on the financial assistance that was being provided. He even went on to say that...show more content...

An exact number of NGOs working in the area is impossible to determine, given the reporting system, but it is decisively apparent that there has been an explosion, largely due to foreign aid. While like most surges of non–governmental organizations, there have been realized benefits to the Balkans, there have also been a lot of

Essay On Earthquakes

Earthquakes: A Natural Hazard

Introduction to Earthquakes

An earthquake is a natural hazard that causes death and destruction. Earthquakes mainly occur on the boundary of two tectonic plates, known as fault lines, as the plates move against each other and get stuck which creates a strain and results in rocks breaking. This releases energy into the lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) causing shaking of the earth's surface. The energy released is called seismic waves and these are measured on a logarithmic scale called the Richter scale.

Effects of Earthquakes (human or physical)

Ground shaking and unstable buildings are some of the short–term physical effects that are caused by seismic waves. Fires can be created when a ...show more content...

As well as that they should try to find a place that is safe; supplies such as bottled water and canned food should be easy to reach. Communication systems can be affected so most will set up plans for contacting friends and family. Immediately after an earthquake looting often happens as many will be without supplies however some people react very differently and try to help as many people as they can. Countries around the world will send money and food; some may even send volunteers to help and administer first aid. The rubble will be cleared to free the people trapped. Buildings being made safe is another way they would help but depending on the country's funding it doesn't always happen immediately. Tourism may decrease as the tourists could be scared of another earthquake or aftershock occurring.

term responses would be things like building restoration because aftershocks are not unusual. Before or after restoration begins an investigation may be required to figure out why the building collapsed and if there were any faults in construction. The economy will be negatively affected as rebuilding is costly and normal work is prevented from happening for quite a while. Whilst there are investments made for rebuilding and aid is sent in the immediate aftermath, families may struggle with reduced incomes and replacement of clothing and household items.

Long

Case Studien Japan

The TЕЌhoku earthquake is a prime example of an earthquake creating a tsunami. With a magnitude

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Earthquakes

Earthquakes, one of the most destructive natural phenomena, consist of rapid vibrations of rock near the earth's surface. Because of their unpredictable occurrence and enormous capacity of destruction, they have brought fear to mankind since ancient times. A single shock usually lasts no more than a few seconds, but a series of smaller quakes may last for as long as five minutes. The quake felt on the surface is always the result, not the cause of some underground geologic process, and in many cases the damage done is immense. The Greek word for shaking, and (when applied to the earth) earthquake, is seismos. Therefore, the science of earthquakes is called seismology (World BookDictionary...show more content...

Fires, landslides, tsunami, falling rock, damaged buildings, and damaged gas lines are just a few results of secondary shocks. These conditions reek havoc on earthquake corrupted areas, and in 1934, Bihar–Nepal witnessed this first hand. During a landslide, "...an observer reported that his car sank to the axles". In 1946 off the coast of the Aleutians, the base of a lighthouse ended up 45 feet below sea level after a tsunami wave over 100 feet crashed on shore (Watkins, Bottino, Morisawa 51, 53–54).

An earthquake is a natural occurrence; a phenomena just like rain. They have occurred for billions of years and descriptions as old as recorded history shows their effects on people's lives. Long before scientific explanations mankind created folklore to explain them. We have come a long way for spinning yarns around the campfire, but there is still no way to prevent earthquakes. All in all it doesn't hurt to learn as much as one can, but just like taxes and pokemon earthquakes are something we have to live with.

EARTHQUAKE REFERENCE FILES Earthquake, shaking of the earth's surface caused by rapid movement of the earth's rocky outer layer. Earthquakes occur when energy stored within the earth, usually in the form of strain in rocks, suddenly releases. This energy is transmitted to the surface of the

Essay On Natural Resources Of Pakistan

Natural Resources of Pakistan

INTRODUCTION

Pakistan is very rich in natural resources. It has rivers ,fertile soils, deserts, rivers and mountains . Natural resources are very important in the progress and development of a country. It is very important for the country to utilize for the development and welfare of country economically and human beings. The important natural resources of Pakistan are described as under: 1–NATURAL GASNatural gas production is at a high level in Pakistan. Estimated(in 2009) reserves are 885.3 billion cubic meters.. Gas deposits of Sui discovered in 1953. Daily production is 19 million cubic meters a day. Gas fields are expected to last for another 20 years. Pakistan has 31.3 trillion cubic feet of proven gas reserves. 282 Trillion Cubic Feet (TCF) of gas...show more content...

Fertile Plains and deserts are important part of natural resources. More fertile plain a country has means more agricultural department. Pakistan can cultivate a number of different foods. About 28% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation. Pakistan boasts one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. The most important crops are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, millets, pulses, oil seeds, barley, fruits and vegetables.

6–WATER

Water is the most important natural resource in any and for any country. Pakistan has biggest and largest irrigation system .Pakistan is blessed with the mighty Indus river The Indus River alone provides 65% of the water while the share of Jhelum and Chenab is 17% and 19% respectively. 7– Forestry In Pakistan, forests are limited to 4% of land, nonetheless the forests are a main source of food, paper, fuel wood and medicine. The forests are also used for wildlife. According to estimate 2010–11, Pakistan is a forest deficient country. Get

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What is an Earthquake?

An Earthquake is the shaking of the earth's surface caused by rapid movement of the earth's rocky outer layer. The sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock change position below the Earth's surface is called an earthquake. The shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerful enough to alter the surface of the Earth, thrusting up cliffs and opening great cracks in the ground. Earthquakes, called temblors by scientists, occur almost continuously. Fortunately, most of them can be detected only by sensitive instruments called seismographs. Others are felt as small tremors. Some of the rest, however, cause major catastrophes. They...show more content...

Although it is certain that violent Earth tremors in themselves are destructive, there are often other kinds of Earth movements that are triggered by earthquake shock waves. Thus, the violent shaking that accompanies many earthquakes often causes rockslides, snow avalanches, and landslides. In some areas these events are frequently more devastating than the Earth tremor itself.

Floods and fires are also caused by earthquakes. Floods arise from tsunamis along coast lines, from large–scale seiches in enclosed bodies of water such as lakes and canals, and from the failure of dams. Fire produced the greatest property loss following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, when 521 blocks in the city center burned uncontrollably for three days. Fire also followed the 1923 Tokyo earthquake, causing much damage and hardship for the citizens.

Causes

Most of the worst earthquakes are associated with changes in the shape of the Earth's outermost shell, particularly the crust. These so called tectonic earthquakes are generated by the rapid release of strain energy that is stored within the rocks of the crust, which on continents is about 22 miles thick. A small proportion of earthquakes are associated with human activity. Dynamite or atomic explosions, for example, can sometimes cause mild quakes. The injection of liquid wastes deep into the Earth and the pressures

An earthquake is where two transform plate boundaries slide and creak the earth. This is what happened in the Philippines. Although it was in 2013 the people are still in need of help to get back to their daily lives. The Philippines earthquake had a magnitude of 7.1. This earthquake was gigantic, and it took down many buildings that were in its path. Lucky the children were not in school that day because of the Muslim holidays the earthquake caused the school to collaspe. If the children were in school, then it would have killed most of the kids.There were 2,100 aftershocks. The day of the quake was October 15, 2013. People respond to a natural disaster by gathering materials and donations, spreading the word, and the government's aid. People respond to a natural disaster by gathering materials. The Red Cross had provided many of the most needed items such as blankets, mosquito nets, and water containers (Doc A). People were in great need of these organizations at this time in their lives because people in families had died, and they were not ready to take on the change of overcoming this tragic time. Some of the most needed items were water and health care services (Doc A). The people were in need of food, but they had struggled to find it. "Just 10 hours later, food was there" (Doc B). Although food was there, it was not enough for some people to eat....show more content...

Some of the first places people saw it was on social media sites like Facebook (Doc B). Some other major places, people saw it was on the news and in news articles (Doc B). It seemed for people to open up the paper and one of the most well known articles was about the Bohol earthquake. It was not the thought that counts in this situation, it was the action that did count. In document A, the Gordon said "We are confused with the challenge where the media and donors seem to have forgotten that there are still massive needs amongst earthquake survivors in

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Disaster Management in Pakistan

Disaster management in Pakistan By Irshad Ali Sodhar (FSP) Outline 1. Introduction 2. Disaster; definition and types 3. Disaster management 4. Phases of disaster management; a. Mitigation b. Preparedness c. Response d. Recovery 5. History of disasters in Pakistan 6. Disaster in the wake of recent floods 7. Structure of disaster management in Pakistan 8. Role of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) 9. Abysmal state of disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan 10. Impacts of weak disaster management i) Food crisis ii) Health hazards iii) Ravaged infrastructure iv) Unemployment and economic loss v) Militancy and crime vi) Political upset 11. An organised disaster management is the need of the...show more content...

The key to effective disaster management is readiness to provide a rapid emergency response. It entails everyone to be prepared to respond to extreme situations. Response, the next phase of disaster management, includes the action of responding to an emergency. It aims to provide immediate emergency support to a community to maintain health, safety and morale until a permanent solution can be put in place. The steps involved in response phase are situation analysis, crisis maps, information communication, evacuation and shelters, dispatching of resources and early damage assessment. Besides, trained and equipped personnel are required to deal with an emerging crisis. Recovery, finally, is the process of returning to normal. Recovery phase may be short–term as well as long–term, and it begins after the disaster commences. Reco–very phase is overlapped by reconstruction, rehabilitation; spatial planning, infrastructure building, housing, livelihood, social security, transport, clean drinking water, communication and agriculture. Previously, Pakistan has fallen victim to disasters many a time. The earthquake–2005, Hunza landslides and Floods 2010 are some of the incidents. The available data suggests that Pakistan suffered heavily at the hands of these disasters owing to the lack of efficient disaster management. Recently, the spate of

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The data from nine earthquakes happened in winter and summer time, with magnitudes ranging from M 3.0 to M5.7, was collected at a sampling rate 200 Hz and preprocessed for the further analysis [4]. Then, dynamic properties of the structure were obtained using modal property identification toolbox (MPIT 2.0) developed at the University of Auckland [13]. The modes were determined from the following system identification algorithms: –Frequency domain methods: the peak picking (PP), the frequency domain decomposition (FDD), the enhanced frequency domain decomposition (EFDD) –Time domain method: stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method [14] identifying the stable poles by generating singular values around them from the singular value...show more content...

Then, the most plausible modes was chosen by comparison of MAC values of each date for each SI algorithm. Since fundamental mode of the bridges always excited by the translational ground motions during earthquakes, transverse components of mode shapes only were described in this research to estimate the input of different bridge components on the bridge dynamic response. The frequency values obtained by each method, except of SSI for summer dataset, at each season and their mean and coefficient of correlation are shown in Table 3.1 and Table 3.2. From this figure, the values of fundamental transverse frequency identified by each method are highly correlated for all methods, the mean coefficient of variation was no more than 0.02. In addition, no relationship between the transverse frequency and the depth of frozen soil at specific dates was observed. A high correlation between mode shapes, with MAC value 0.95 or higher, was observed for two frequency domain methods only, FDD and EFDD. Therefore, the average values of natural transverse frequency calculated from the values identified by each method, 7.69 Hz and 2.85 Hz, and mode shapes obtained by FDD technique (Figure 3.1) were chosen as a baseline experimental values for the further calibration of the numerical models developed for winter and summer respectively. The bridge transverse response is mainly symmetrical; the possible

The Effects Of Earthquakes In Ecuador

Devastation, mass destruction, and fear are all adjectives associated with the word earthquake. Previously this year, many witnessed the agony and destruction the people in Ecuador faced as their country was demolished by a natural disaster. This event has made me think of one question: Is California prepared for such a disaster? 2 weeks ago we were ask if we were prepare for "the big one", a question to which i'm pretty sure many of us answer no. Even after we have seen the devastating effects of earthquakes in other countries, we don't take earthquakes seriously, Even the big one that is predicted to happen in the next couple of years.Preparedness is a term which is often used to show the capacity of the communities to respond to disasters.

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Earthquake Reflection

Lecture Reflection 4

All forms of natural disaster bring devastating effects and strike with vicious force, demolishing everything around them. Additionally, natural disaster is bound to happen, so why not prepare for the worst? In 2004, the coastal areas of south and southeast Asia were hit with a disastrous tsunami. Areas ofIndia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand did not have the ability to prepare when the tsunami swept away thousands of civilians and wiped out a portion of their infrastructure. In my my opinion, if natural disaster strikes an area, I would recommend moving out of that area right away and start considering a new place to live. Citizens who stay in the same area after natural disaster, have a high probability of witnessing another. However, many people that have been hit by natural disaster commonly go back to live at the destroyed site because it's all that they may have left. This is sad but realistic. Furthermore, when natural disasters hit vulnerable urban areas, effects are catastrophic. Some significant factors that play a role in the safety of residents in urban areas; rapid population growth with inadequate planning, ecological imbalance, population density, compacted infrastructure, dependency on infrastructure, and inappropriate construction. Although, these places may be miles away from each other, there were many similarities found in each of these cases. Firstly, all of the places hit by the tsunami witnessed a loss of coastal areas

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