2014 Hawaiian Lunar Classroom Calendar, Moku O Kona, Mokupuni o O'ahu

Hawaiian Lunar Calendar Moku o Kona, Mokupuni o O‘ahu

He hānai ali‘i, he ‘ai ahupua‘a.

The rearing of a chief is the ruling of an ahupua‘a.

A person in whose care a young chief was placed was often rewarded with a large tract of land. Ōlelo No‘eau #566 “[Pukui, M. 1983. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press]

A publication of the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council pursuant to NOAA Award FNA12NMF4410217. © 2014, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 978-1-937863-12-8 Cover photo of Maunalua Bay courtesy of D. Ramey Logan (Wikimedia Commons) Cover image depicting the Hawaiian lunar cycle, © 2010, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council Above illustration by Catherine C. Summers, Bishop Museum Back cover photo by Eleventh Photo Section, A.C. Luke Field, Territory of Hawai‘i

Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1400 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 phone: (808) 522-8220 Fax: (808) 522-8226 Email: info.wpcouncil@noaa.gov Web: www.wpcouncil.org

About This Calendar This Hawaiian lunar calendar features the Moku o Kona (District of Kona) on the island of O‘ahu (Mokupuni o O‘ahu) and the ahupua‘a (smaller geographical and political subdivisions) within it. The calendar provides information on cultural places and contemporary stewardship and educational initiatives related to the ahupua‘a. The traditional system of natural resource management in the Hawai‘i archipelago prior to Western contact was based on management at the moku level. It is said that Mā‘ilikūkahi, a great chief on O‘ahu, divided the lands into moku in about the 13th century.

High chiefs were assigned to each of the six moku of O‘ahu and lesser chiefs to each of the ahupua‘a.1 On July, 9, 2012, Gov. Neil Abercrombie signed into law Act 288, which formally recognizes the ‘Aha Moku (Moku Council) system of natural resource management.

The 1959 Bishop Museum map of the Kona Moku was used as guidance for selecting the featured ahupua‘a in this calendar. This map depicts 15 ahupua‘a.

It is unclear if Kapalama was an ‘ili (smaller division within an ahupua‘a) or an ahupua‘a, and it is not included in the calendar. Historically, Pauoa was believed to be an ‘ili of Nu‘uanu2 so it is not included on the calendar. There is also reference to a Lihu‘e ahupua‘a in Kona, but it is not on the reference map and is not included it in the calendar. Wai‘alae nui and Wai‘alae iki seem to have been drawn from an older ahupua‘a called Wiliwilinui. Wai‘alae is included on the calendar. An historical reference says Maunalua was an ‘ili of Waimanalo though there was no indication of how or why. Maunalua is included in the calendar.

In the traditional Hawaiian calendar, the lunar month was determined by the 29.5-day cycles of mahina (moon). The moon cycle was divided into three 10-day periods known as anahulu. The first 10-day period was called ho‘onui (growing bigger), beginning on the first crescent. The second anahulu was poepoe (round or full). The nights of the bright moon (Akua, Hoku and Mahealani) were referred to as nā pō mahina kōnane (bright moonlight nights).3 The last anahulu was emi (decreasing).

Traditionally, lunar phases are used to determine when specific activities should take place. Daniel Kaha‘ulelio in Ka ‘Oi Hana Lawai‘a: Hawaiian Fishing Traditions explained the relationship between the moon phases and fishing: The days that are good for going to sea to fish are the three La‘au days; for the fish will take the bait continuously in all kinds of fishing; Akua too, for the fish had voracious appetites. They ate like akua, supernatural beings. On the day named Mohalu the fish open their mouths wide for food; on Mahealani the fish eat one after the other and on ‘Olepau, the fish consume all, pau, taking, ho‘olawe, like Kaho‘olawe, which has been fished all around by your writer; that was with my parents and grandparents. On the three Kū nights the fish ate greedily. This my grandfolks taught me; it is useless to go fishing on any other time. 4

This 2014 Hawaiian lunar calendar was produced by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council with special thanks to Erron Yoshioka The HM Nautical Almanac Office (HMNAO at astro.ukho.gov.uk/websurf) and (Moanalua High School), Al Keali‘i Chock, Joni Bagood and Kahaulani Kupihea the QuickPhase Pro version 3.3.5 program were used as guidance for calculating (Mokauea Fishermen’s Association), Mahina Duarte (Halau Ku Mana Charter the moon phases. Traditionally, each day (the night before and the following day) School), Lucas Moxey (NOAA OceanWatch Central Pacific), Alia Thompson (Kaimuki Middle School), Randy Jackson (Wai‘alae Elementary Public Charter was named for the lunar phase visible by the naked eye the night before.

School), Darrah Brown (Niu Valley Middle School), Rae DeCoito (Mālama Those wishing to participate in a worldwide project to better predict sightings Maunalua), John Thompson (Shrimp Mart), Tia Reber (Bishop Museum), of the first crescent moon, which determines the start of a lunar month, are encouraged to go to http://astro.ukho.gov.uk/ and click on Crescent Moon Watch. Dore Minatodani (Hawaiian Collection, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Library), Melissa Shimonishi (Hawai‘i State Archives), Dennis Drake and Kenneth Hays A space for observations is provided for each month where you can record the (US Army Garrison Hawai‘i), Gavin Hirano (State Survey Office, DAGS Land date you saw the first crescent moon and other features of the lunar month.

Survey Division), David Robinson and Anne Grant (OceanFun Publishing), Moon phase and moon month names may vary by island. This calendar uses and Eric Woo, Miho Owada and Randall Chun (Eric Woo Design, Inc.). the moon phases for O‘ahu listed in the Hawaiian Almanac by Clarice Taylor (1995. Honolulu: Mutual Publishing).

http://www.kumukahi.org/units/ka_honua/onaepuni/ahupuaa Elihu Root collection of United States documents: Ser. A.-F., Vol. 1, Foreign Relations of the United States Affairs in Hawaii. 1894. Washington, DC: GPO. p. 889 3 Kamakau, SM. Works of the People of Old (Na Hana a ka Poe Kahiko) 17; Malo, D. Hawaiian Antiquities 31-32; in Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions (http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/ike/hookele/hawaiian_lunar_month.html).

4 Translated by Mary Kawena Puku`i. Edited by M. Puakea Nogelmeier. 2006. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. pp. 67–69. Note: The reference is for Maui, so there might be some differences on O‘ahu.

1 2

Ahupua‘a o Moanalua High School Summer Course on Marine Science and Fisheries

Moanalua High School has partnered with the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council over the last seven years to provide an annual high school summer course on marine science and fisheries open to Hawai‘i students. Led by science teacher Erron Yoshioka, students receive a mixture of classroom lessons and hands-on experiences on topics ranging from the Hawai‘i seafood industry to traditional fishponds and resource management practices.

During the last two years, the classes have included field trips to the island of Moloka‘i to learn about traditional practices at Mo‘omomi Bay with Mac Poepoe. The course concludes with an outreach activity involving the community, such as running a catch-andrelease fishing tournament for youth, providing water quality assessments or publishing an article in a local magazine.

Learning firsthand what lives in anchialine ponds, landlocked bodies of water that have a subterranean connection to the ocean.

Class lesson on identifying limu (seaweed).

Hands-on experience with kalo (taro) at the Loko Ea Fishpond. Kalo was the primary food for Hawaiians and, according to myth, is their ancestor.

The ahupua‘a of Moanalua is said to have been named for two encampments (moana lua) at kalo patches where travelers bound for Honolulu from ‘Ewa rested.

All indigenous limu are important to Hawaiians for various uses. Limu kala is an edible seaweed and important forage for many sea species. Chop the young leaves and add it to soups or stews or deep fry the leaves whole. It can be chewed and applied as a poultice to open coral cuts. It is woven into lei (garland) and used in hula (dance) and lawai‘a (fishing) practices. It is very important in ho‘oponopono (forgiveness ceremony). Kala means to forgive.

‘Opae ula (red shrimp) are an endemic species found in the brackish anchialine ponds. The shrimp grow to about ½ inch, eat algae and today are raised as pets. [Photo courtesy of Shrimp Mart.]

Ka‘elo Hoaka

January

Hilo

2

THU

R S

6

08:14 19:57 N

6

3

FRI

R S

6

‘Ianuali 2 –30, 2014

Kūkahi

09:06 21:00 N

6

4

SAT

R S

6

Kūlua

09:53 22:01 N

6

5

SUN

R S

6

10:38 23:00 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

6

MON 6

R S

11:20 23:56 N

6

7

TUE

R

6

‘Olekūkahi

12:02 N

6

8

WED 6

S R

00:52 12:43 N

6

‘Olekūlua

9

THU

S R

6

01:46 13:26 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

10 FRI

S R

6

02:39 14:09 N

6

‘Olepau

11 SAT

S R

6

03:31 14:55 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

12 SUN

S R

6

Mohalu

04:22 15:42 N

6

13

MON 6

S R

Hua

05:11 16:31 N

6

14 TUE

S R

6

Akua

05:57 17:20 N

6

15

WED 6

S R

Hoku

06:41 18:10 N

6

16 THU

S R

6

Māhealani

07:23 19:00 N

6

17 FRI

S R

6

08:03 19:49 N

6

Kulu

18 SAT

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

08:40 20:39 N

6

19 SUN

S R

6

09:17 21:29 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

20

MON 6

S R

09:54 22:19 N

6

Lā‘aupau

21 TUE

6

S R

10:31 23:10 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

22

WED 6

S

‘Olekūlua

11:10 N

6

23 THU

6

R S

‘Olepau

00:03 11:51 N

6

24 FRI

6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

00:59 12:36 N

6

25 SAT

6

R S

01:57 13:25 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

26 SUN

6

R S

02:57 14:20 N

6

Kāloapau

27

MON 6

R S

Kāne

03:59 15:20 N

6

28 TUE

6

R S

Lono

04:59 16:24 N

6

29

WED 6

R S

Mauli/Muku

05:56 17:30 N

6

30 THU

6

R S

06:50 18:39 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Kahauiki Loko Weli

Located between Kahauiki and the island of Mokumoa, Loko Weli (Weli Fishpond) encompassed approximately 30 acres.

The area, now dredged coral fill and known as the Lower Fort Shafter flats, is currently located at the mouth of the Maunaloa and Kalihi Streams, ‘ewa-mauka (west-mountainside) of the Middle St. and Dillingham Blvd. intersections.

Local fisherman with Samoan crab. This species was introduced to Hawai‘i in 1926 at Kāne‘ohe Bay and the 1930s elsewhere. [Source: Eldredge, LG and CM Smith, coordinators, Guidebook to the Introduced Marine Species in Hawaiian Waters. Bishop Museum Technical Report 21.]

I remember going there about every other Sunday afternoon and often putting scraps of meat (usually ham) on a circular net (sort of like a hoop) and finding nice big Samoan crabs a couple of hours later. Lots of mullet. Our family physician went there often for peace and quiet on Sunday afternoons, and the result was free medical service (even after my father’s death!). Once I slipped on the wooden “bridge” over the outlet to the sea, and my father (who was dressed in a suit) jumped in to rescue me.

Al Keali‘i Chock, ethnobotanist at the University of Hawai‘i at Ma¯noa, frequented Loko Weli as a child (about 1935–1940), as it was leased by his father Chock Hon. The adjacent rice fields were leased by his father’s uncle, Chock Look.

View of islan d, fish ponds an K ahauik i M ilitar y Reser va d fields from Fort Shaf te r, T tion, establish It was renam ed in 1905 as erritory of Hawai ‘i, circa ed in 1907. [P 19 the first perm hoto courtes y of Hawaii anent US A rm 16. Fort Shaf ter originat State A rchiv ed as y post in the es, PP-55-5-0 Hawaiian 25, Militar yA rmy Posts-F Islands. ort Shaf ter]

‘Ama‘ama (mullet) were a very choice indigenous fish.

Stages are (finger length) pua ‘ama, pua ‘ama‘ama, pua po¯‘ola, ‘o‘ola¯; (hand-length) kahaha (or pahaha); (20 cm) ‘ama‘ama; (30 cm or more) ‘anae.

The fish harvested from the pond were served at the Post restaurants (Ft. Shafter, Ft. Armstrong, Luke Field on Ford Island where the Army Air Corps was first located before it moved to Hickam, and Hickam Field) of which my father was proprietor. The post restaurants were later replaced by the officer, non-commissioned officer and enlisted men clubs.

Registered map #1472 (circa 1886). [Courtesy of the State Survey Office (DAGS Land Survey Division]

Kaulua Hoaka

January

31 FRI

Kūkahi

February

Hilo

R S

6

07:41 19:42 N

6

1

SAT

R S

6

08:28 20:44 N

6

2

SUN

R S

6

09:13 21:44 N

6

3

MON 6

‘Ianuali 31 –Malaki 1, 2014 Kūlua

R S

09:57 22:41 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

4

TUE

R S

6

10:40 23:38 N

6

5

R

WED 6

‘Olekūkahi

11:23 N

6

6

THU

S R

6

00:33 12:07 N

6

‘Olekūlua

7

FRI

S R

6

01:26 12:53 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

8

SAT

S R

6

02:18 13:39 N

6

‘Olepau

9

SUN

S R

6

03:07 14:27 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

10 MON 6

S R

Mohalu

03:54 15:16 N

6

11 TUE

S R

6

Hua

04:39 16:06 N

6

12 WED 6

S R

Akua

05:22 16:56 N

6

13 THU

S R

6

Hoku

06:02 17:46 N

6

14 FRI

S R

6

Māhealani

06:41 18:35 N

6

15 SAT

S R

6

07:18 19:25 N

6

Kulu

16 SUN

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

07:55 20:16 N

6

17

MON 6

S R

08:32 21:07 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

18 TUE

S R

6

09:11 21:59 N

6

Lā‘aupau

19

WED 6

S R

09:51 22:53 N

6

3 2 1 0

‘Olekūkahi

20 THU

6

S R

‘Olekūlua

10:34 23:49 N

6

21 FRI

6

S

‘Olepau

11:21 N

6

22 SAT

6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

00:46 12:12 N

6

23 SUN

6

R S

01:46 13:07 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

24

MON 6

R S

02:44 14:07 N

6

Kāloapau

25 TUE

6

R S

Kāne

03:41 15:10 N

6

26

WED 6

R S

Lono

04:35 16:14 N

6

27 THU

6

R S

Mauli

05:27 17:18 N

6

28 FRI

6

Muku March

-1

R S

06:15 18:21 N

6

1

SAT

6

R S

07:01 19:24 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Kalihi Mokauea

I ka wa mamua, I ka wa mahope. The future is in the past.

In 1972, plans for the Honolulu Airport expansion led to attempts to evict the fishing families from Mokauea island for future dredging and filing.

In 1975 fishermen were arrested for trespassing and five fishermen’s homes were burned. The event was filmed and broadcast, and the populace rallied to the fishermen’s cause. The State ordered a historic study to establish the importance of the island and area to Hawai‘i history.

In 1978, after three years of negotiation, a 65-year lease arrangement was signed with the Mokauea Fishermen’s Association. The Association is restoring Mililani High School student cleans the fishing village and using the island as a cultural the Mokauea reef flat of old bottles. placed-based education learning center offering educational activities for various schools and community groups. Efforts include planting native species to protect the existing coastline, removing invasive species, repairing and revitalizing the fishpond, monitoring water quality, conducting plankton tows, identifying inner-tidal reef organisms and removing marine debris. Perpetuating an understanding of wahi pana (storied places) is part of the foundation of the restoration efforts. The vision is to plant seeds to be realized in the next generations, in hopes that their fortitude to malama honua (care for the Earth) will protect and save the natural resources indefinitely.

Waipahu High School class learns about the mo‘olelo (stories) of the Mokauea.

Farrington High School students use GPS to map coral at Mokauea island.

Kamehameha Schools chemistry class cleans the reef of invasive “gorilla ogo” for a class experiment on biofuel and removes all the living animals found in the limu.

Students learn the history of Mokauea, which has escaped the dredging and filling that has been the fate of most of the nearby islands and fishponds.

Nana Hoaka

March

Hilo

2

SUN

R S

6

07:46 20:24 N

6

3

MON 6

R S

Malaki 2-30, 2014

Kūkahi

08:31 21:23 N

6

4

TUE

R S

6

Kūlua

09:15 22:20 N

6

5

WED 6

R S

10:01 23:16 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

6

THU

R

6

10:47 N

6

7

FRI

S R

6

‘Olekūkahi

00:09 11:34 N

6

8

SAT

S R

6

01:01 12:22 N

6

‘Olekūlua

9

SUN

S R

6

01:49 13:11 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

10

MON 6

S R

02:35 14:01 N

6

‘Olepau

11 TUE

S R

6

03:19 14:50 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

12 WED 6

S R

Mohalu

04:00 15:40 N

6

13 THU

S R

6

Hua

04:39 16:30 N

6

14 FRI

S R

6

Akua

05:17 17:20 N

6

15 SAT

S R

6

Hoku

05:55 18:10 N

6

16 SUN

S R

6

Māhealani

06:32 19:02 N

6

17

MON 6

S R

07:11 19:54 N

6

Kulu

18 TUE

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

07:51 20:49 N

6

19

WED 6

S R

08:33 21:44 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

20 THU

S R

6

09:19 22:41 N

6

Lā‘aupau

21 FRI

6

S R

10:09 23:39 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

22 SAT

6

S

‘Olekūlua

11:02 N

6

23 SUN

6

R S

‘Olepau

00:37 11:59 N

6

24

MON 6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

01:33 12:59 N

6

25 TUE

6

R S

02:27 14:00 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

26

WED 6

R S

03:17 15:02 N

6

Kāloapau

27 THU

6

R S

Kāne

04:05 16:04 N

6

28 FRI

6

R S

Lono

04:51 17:05 N

6

29 SAT

6

R S

Mauli/Muku

05:36 18:06 N

6

30 SUN

6

R S

06:20 19:06 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Nu‘uanu Kanoi, the Magic Aku Hook

‘Ā (brown boobies) depend upon larger ocean predators, such as skipjack tuna, that forces prey fish near the ocean surface for them to feed upon. [Photo: Mark MacDonald (USFWS)]

In some stories Ku‘ula, the Hawaiian fishing god, lives in Hāna on Maui.

On O‘ahu, Ku¯ ‘ula lives at Niolopa, a section of Nu‘uanu valley currently in the neighborhood near Wylie Street.

Ku¯‘ula and Hina live at Niolopa, Nu‘uanu. They possess a pearl fish hook called Kanoi, guarded by the bird Kamanuwai, who lives upon the aku fish [skipjack tuna] caught by the magic hook. When Kipapalaulu, King of Honolulu, steals the hook, the bird sleeps from hunger, hence the name of the locality, Kaumakapili (perching with closed eyes). Hina bears an abortive child which she throws into the water. It drifts to a rock below the Ho‘olilimanu

Nu‘uanu Valley, circa 1929. [Photo courtesy of Hawaii State Archives, PP-60-4-028, O‘ahu-Nu‘uanu Valley 1929.]

Aku (skipjack tuna). [Photo courtesy of NOAA (Wikipedia Commons)]

bridge and floats there. This child is Aiai. The king’s daughter discovers it, brings up the child, and when he becomes a handsome youth, she marries him. One day she craves aku fish. Her husband, Aiai, persuades her to beg the stolen hook of her father. Thus he secures the hook and returns it to its bird guardian.

[Beckwith, MW. The Hawaiian Romance of Laieikawai, pp. 91–95, in the 33rd Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 1911–1912. Washington: GPO.]

Above: Ua‘u kani (wedge-tailed shearwaters) consume larval forms of goat fish, ‘opelu (mackerel scad) and flying squid driven to the surface by schools of predatory fish. [Photo: Mark MacDonald (USFWS)] Left: Ma ka‘u pa uhi (pearl shell fish hook).

Welo Hoaka

31 MON 6

April

March

Hilo

R S

Malaki 31 – A ‘ pelila 29, 2014

07:05 20:04 N

6

1

TUE

R S

6

07:51 21:02 N

6

Kūkahi

2

WED 6

R S

Kūlua

08:37 21:57 N

6

3

THU

R S

6

09:25 22:50 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

4

FRI

R S

6

10:14 23:41 N

6

5

SAT

R

6

‘Olekūkahi

11:03 N

6

6

SUN

S R

6

00:28 11:53 N

6

‘Olekūlua

7

MON 6

S R

01:14 12:43 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

8

TUE

S R

6

01:56 13:33 N

6

‘Olepau

9

WED 6

S R

02:36 14:22 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

10 THU

S R

6

Mohalu

03:14 15:12 N

6

11 FRI

S R

6

Hua

03:52 16:02 N

6

12 SAT

S R

6

Akua

04:29 16:53 N

6

13 SUN

S R

6

Hoku

05:07 17:46 N

6

14

MON 6

S R

Māhealani

05:47 18:40 N

6

15 TUE

S R

6

06:30 19:36 N

6

Kulu

16

WED 6

S R

Lā‘aukūkahi

07:15 20:34 N

6

17 THU

S R

6

08:05 21:33 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

18 FRI

S R

6

08:58 22:31 N

6

Lā‘aupau

19 SAT

S R

6

09:55 23:28 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

20 SUN

6

S

‘Olekūlua

10:54 N

6

21 MON 6

R S

‘Olepau

00:23 11:54 N

6

22 TUE

6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

01:14 12:55 N

6

23

WED 6

R S

02:02 13:55 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

24 THU

6

R S

02:47 14:55 N

6

Kāloapau

25 FRI

6

R S

Kāne

03:31 15:54 N

6

26 SAT

6

R S

Lono

04:14 16:52 N

6

27 SUN

6

R S

Mauli

04:58 17:50 N

6

28

MON 6

R S

Muku

05:42 18:47 N

6

29 TUE

6

R S

06:28 19:44 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Makiki Mele Helu Pō Hawaiian Moon Chant & Hand Game Kamali‘i ‘ike ‘ole i na helu pō Little children who do not know the moon phases Muku nei, Muku, ka malama Muku is here, Muku the dark moon Hilo nei, kau ka Hoaka Hilo is here, followed by Hoaka ‘Eha Ku, ‘Eha ‘Ole Four Ku, Four ‘Ole Huna, Mohalu, Hua, Akua Huna, Mohala, Hua, Akua Hoku, Mahealani, Kulu Hoku, Mahealani, Kulu ‘Ekolu Lā‘au, ekolu ‘Ole, ‘ekolu Kāloa Three Lā‘au, three ‘Ole, three Kāloa Kāne, Lono, Mauli, Pau! Kāne, Lono, Mauli, Done!

To learn the hand movements, search for Mele Helu Pō on YouTube.

Students from Halau Ku Mana Charter School perform the Mele Helu Pō. Halau Ku Mana is located in Maunalaha valley of Makiki. The school seeks to instill Hawaiian values in their students with curricula that support Hawaiian ways of learning.

Its vision is to facilitate individual and community healing and empowerment by fostering lifelong learners who think, feel and act in ways that are pono (righteous) and recognize strengths and address challenges as they seek positive, systemic change in their local, regional and global communities.

Ikiiki Hoaka

30 WED 6

Kūkahi

May

April

Hilo

R S

07:15 20:39 N

6

1

THU

R S

6

A ‘ pelila 30 –Mei 28, 2014

08:04 21:31 N

6

2

FRI

R S

6

Kūlua

08:54 22:20 N

6

3

SAT

R S

6

09:44 23:07 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

4

SUN

R S

6

10:34 23:50 N

6

5

R

MON 6

‘Olekūkahi

11:24 N

6

6

TUE

S R

6

00:32 12:14 N

6

‘Olekūlua

7

WED 6

S R

01:11 13:03 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

8

THU

S R

6

01:48 13:53 N

6

‘Olepau

9

FRI

S R

6

02:25 14:43 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

10 SAT

S R

6

Mohalu

03:03 15:35 N

6

11 SUN

S R

6

Hua

03:41 16:28 N

6

12 MON 6

S R

Akua

04:23 17:24 N

6

13 TUE

S R

6

Hoku

05:07 18:21 N

6

14

WED 6

S R

Māhealani

05:55 19:21 N

6

15 THU

S R

6

06:48 20:21 N

6

Kulu

16 FRI

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

07:45 21:20 N

6

17 SAT

S R

6

08:46 22:17 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

18 SUN

S R

6

09:47 23:10 N

6

Lā‘aupau

19

MON 6

S

10:49 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

20 TUE

6

R S

‘Olekūlua

00:00 11:50 N

6

21 WED 6

R S

‘Olepau

00:47 12:50 N

6

22 THU

6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

01:30 13:48 N

6

23 FRI

6

R S

02:13 14:45 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

24 SAT

6

R S

02:55 15:42 N

6

Kāloapau

25 SUN

6

R S

Kāne

03:38 16:38 N

6

26

MON 6

R S

Lono

04:22 17:34 N

6

27 TUE

6

R S

Mauli/Muku

05:08 18:29 N

6

28

WED 6

R S

05:56 19:22 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Ma-noa Mālama Ke Ahupua‘a Watershed Project

As part of the Mālama Ke Ahupua‘a program, students from Farrington High School explored the Mānoa Valley watershed by following Mānoa Stream from the mountain (mauka) to the ocean (makai). They learned about the cultural significance of this area, as well as its unique natural environment.

During this hands-on program, students collected water samples at different locations along the stream and conducted chemical analyses in their classroom to find out about the stream’s water quality and gain a better understanding of the overall health of the ahupua‘a.

Based on their findings, the students noticed changes in nutrients and bacteria levels along the stream and observed how the water quality of the stream decreased as they traveled mauka to makai. With this information, the students learned about the relationship that exists between decreasing water quality levels with increasing urbanization and the importance of carefully managing our natural environment in a responsible and sustainable way.

Photos courtesy of the University of Hawaii GEARUP (Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs) and NOAA OceanWatch Central Pacific.

Ka‘aona 29 THU

R S

6

06:45 20:13 N

6

30 FRI

R S

6

Kūkahi

07:36 21:01 N

6

31 SAT

Kūlua

R S

6

08:26 21:45 N

6

1

SUN

R S

6

09:17 22:27 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

June

Hoaka

May

Hilo

Mei 29 –Iune 27, 2014

6

2

MON 6

R S

10:06 23:06 N

6

3

TUE

R S

6

‘Olekūkahi

10:56 23:44 N

6

4

R

WED 6

11:45 N

6

‘Olekūlua

5

THU

S R

6

00:21 12:34 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

6

FRI

S R

6

00:59 13:24 N

6

‘Olepau

7

SAT

S R

6

01:37 14:16 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

8

SUN

S R

6

Mohalu

02:16 15:09 N

6

9

MON 6

S R

Hua

02:58 16:06 N

6

10 TUE

S R

6

Akua

03:44 17:04 N

6

11

WED 6

S R

Hoku

04:35 18:05 N

6

12 THU

S R

6

Māhealani

05:30 19:06 N

6

13 FRI

S R

6

06:30 20:05 N

6

Kulu

14 SAT

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

07:33 21:02 N

6

15 SUN

S R

6

08:37 21:55 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

16

MON 6

S R

09:41 22:44 N

6

Lā‘aupau

17 TUE

S R

6

10:43 23:30 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

18 WED 6

S

‘Olekūlua

11:43 N

6

19 THU

6

R S

‘Olepau

00:13 12:41 N

6

20 FRI

6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

00:56 13:38 N

6

21 SAT

6

R S

01:38 14:34 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

22 SUN

6

R S

02:21 15:29 N

6

Kāloapau

23

MON 6

R S

Kāne

03:06 16:23 N

6

24 TUE

6

R S

Lono

03:52 17:17 N

6

25

WED 6

R S

Mauli

04:40 18:08 N

6

26 THU

6

R S

Muku

05:30 18:57 N

6

27 FRI

6

R S

06:20 19:42 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Pa¯lolo The 7th Grade Gifted and Talented Life Science Class at Kaimukı¯ Middle School, taught by Ms. Aila Thompson, created this visual representation of the Pa¯ lolo ahupua‘a and the meanings of its landmarks. The class provided the following explanation of the art: Within the letters of “Pa¯lolo” are handprints, which show what type of community we have here in Pa¯lolo.

The hands represent the children of Pa¯lolo, and Pa¯lolo means “clay” in Hawaiian, thus the muddy-like color. Kaimukı¯ means “ti leaf oven” in Hawaiian, so a picture of ti leaves on the left of the word Pa¯lolo is shown. Under the word Pa¯lolo is Diamond Head because that is a major landmark in our ahupua‘a. In Hawaiian, it is Kaimana (Diamond) Hila (Head). Diamond Head’s other name is Lae‘ahi, meaning back or brow, because it looks like the dorsal fin of a tuna. The picture next to Diamond Head is an ocean because ka¯hala means “amberfish,” which is a type of fish that lives in the waters off Ka¯hala. On the bottom left corner, there is a picture of a canoe and the ocean. This represents Wai‘alae, which means “the waters frequented by the Hawaiians.” Overall we tried to grab the natural beauty of Pa¯lolo and its local hotspots into a picture.

Pa¯lolo was the last valley with extensive wet-taro lands. streams, which join to form Pa¯lolo Stream. Far back in these The stream was large and capable of irrigating terraces little valleys wild taro was found in abundance in 1935. along its course on both sides and below the end of the [Source: Handy, ES Craighill and EG Handy, 1978. Native Planters in Old Hawaii, valley on land now covered by houses. There were terraces, Their Life, Lore and Environment. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. p.483.] some on steep slopes, all along Wai‘o¯ma‘o and Pu¯ kele

Hinaia‘ele‘ele 28 SAT

R S

6

07:10 20:24 N

6

29 SUN

R S

6

Kūkahi

08:01 21:05 N

6

30 MON 6

Kūlua

R S

08:50 21:43 N

6

1

TUE

R S

6

09:39 22:20 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

July

Hoaka

June

Hilo

Iune 28 –Iulai 26, 2014

6

2

WED 6

R S

10:28 22:56 N

6

3

THU

R S

6

‘Olekūkahi

11:17 23:33 N

6

4

FRI

R

6

12:07 N

6

‘Olekūlua

5

SAT

S R

6

00:11 12:58 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

6

SUN

S R

6

00:52 13:52 N

6

‘Olepau

7

MON 6

S R

01:35 14:48 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

8

TUE

S R

6

Mohalu

02:22 15:47 N

6

9

WED 6

S R

Hua

03:14 16:47 N

6

10 THU

S R

6

Akua

04:11 17:47 N

6

11 FRI

S R

6

Hoku

05:13 18:46 N

6

12 SAT

S R

6

Māhealani

06:18 19:43 N

6

13 SUN

S R

6

07:24 20:35 N

6

Kulu

14

MON 6

S R

Lā‘aukūkahi

08:28 21:24 N

6

15 TUE

S R

6

09:31 22:10 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

16

WED 6

S R

10:32 22:54 N

6

Lā‘aupau

17 THU

6

S R

11:31 23:38 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

18 FRI

6

S

‘Olekūlua

12:29 N

6

19 SAT

6

R S

‘Olepau

00:21 13:25 N

6

20 SUN

6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

01:05 14:20 N

6

21

MON 6

R S

01:51 15:13 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

22 TUE

6

R S

02:38 16:05 N

6

Kāloapau

23

WED 6

R S

Kāne

03:27 16:54 N

6

24 THU

6

R S

Lono

04:16 17:41 N

6

25 FRI

6

R S

Mauli/Muku

05:06 18:25 N

6

26 SAT

6

R S

05:56 19:04 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Wai ‘alae Limu Huki and Rain Gardens

Wai‘alae Elementary Public Charter School is a student-centered school that honors the whole child.

It is committed to nurturing a community of learners who strive for excellence and innovation, empowering all members of the community to actively engage in a democratic society. Fourth graders from the school have worked with Ma¯lama Maunalua to learn about watersheds and ahupua‘a and how they are affected by run-off, channelized streams, sediment and pollution. Students learn about native and invasive limu (seaweed) and then work to remove invasive limu at Paiko¯ lagoon near Kuli’ou’ou Beach Park. The students previously have done the same work at Wai‘alae Beach Park. The school has plans to develop rain gardens on its campus using native Hawaiian plants. Students will be involved in the planning of the gardens, propagating and purchasing the plants, some of the installation and then maintenance.

Mahoe Mua 27 SUN

R S

6

06:46 19:43 N

6

28 MON 6

R S

Kūkahi

07:35 20:20 N

6

29 TUE

R S

6

Kūlua

08:24 20:57 N

6

30

WED 6

R S

09:13 21:33 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

31 THU

‘Olekūkahi

August

Hoaka

July

Hilo

Iulai 27 –‘Aukake 25, 2014

R S

6

10:02 22:10 N

6

1

FRI

R S

6

10:52 22:49 N

6

2

SAT

R S

6

11:44 23:30 N

6

‘Olekūlua

3

SUN

R

6

12:37 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

4

MON 6

S R

00:15 13:33 N

6

‘Olepau

5

TUE

S R

6

01:03 14:31 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

6

WED 6

S R

Mohalu

01:56 15:29 N

6

7

THU

S R

6

Hua

02:54 16:28 N

6

8

FRI

S R

6

Akua

03:56 17:25 N

6

9

SAT

S R

6

Hoku

05:01 18:20 N

6

10 SUN

S R

6

Māhealani

06:07 19:12 N

6

11

MON 6

S R

07:12 20:00 N

6

Kulu

12 TUE

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

08:16 20:47 N

6

13

WED 6

S R

09:18 21:33 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

14 THU

S R

6

10:18 22:18 N

6

Lā‘aupau

15 FRI

S R

6

11:16 23:03 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

16 SAT

6

S R

‘Olekūlua

12:13 23:49 N

6

17 SUN

6

S

‘Olepau

13:08 N

6

18

MON 6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

00:36 14:01 N

6

19 TUE

6

R S

01:24 14:51 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

20

WED 6

R S

02:13 15:38 N

6

Kāloapau

21 THU

6

R S

Kāne

03:03 16:23 N

6

22 FRI

6

R S

Lono

03:52 17:05 N

6

23 SAT

6

R S

Mauli

04:42 17:45 N

6

24 SUN

6

R S

Muku

05:31 18:23 N

6

25

MON 6

R S

06:21 18:58 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Wailupe Maunalua Hawaiian Civic Club

The Maunalua Hawaiian Civic Club is based in `A¯ ina Haina in Wailupe, one of the half-dozen ahupua‘a surrounding Maunalua Bay. The club’s motto is ‘O¯pelu ha‘alili i ke kai (the ‘o¯pelu that make the sea ripple), said of active quick moving people. The club is engaged in outreach, promoting the Aha Moku system, addressing invasive alien algae (such as gorilla ogo), reviving traditional relationships with the honu (Hawaiian green sea turtle) and enhancing public awareness of the cultural sites of Maunalua.

Traditionally, ‘o¯pelu (Pacific mackerel scad) and aku (skipjack tuna) were kapu (tabu) at different times of the year.

At the kapu hua, i.e., the 13th day of Ka¯‘elo, in January, a human sacrifice was offered, together with the fish aku, at which it is said that the Kahoalii, a man personifying the god, plucked out and ate an eye of each. By this ceremony the tabu was taken off from the aku, and the ‘o¯pelu became tabu for the next six months, not to be eaten on pain of death.

In the month of Hinaia‘ele‘ele, or July, the tabu was taken off the ‘o¯pelu and reimposed on the aku. The first night, Hilo, of this month was kapu loa. No fire could be kindled, and no sound of man or beast or fowl must be heard.

Toward morning the high-priest, accompanied by another priest, went to the o¯pelu house of Ku¯‘ula, the god of fishermen, where he sacrificed a pig, and recited the great ‘aha as during a dedication. …

The chief also proceeded to the heiau, where he offered his o¯pelu to the gods, plucking out and eating the right eye of the fish. Next day the sea was free, and the o¯pelu was noa, or free to all, but the aku in its turn was tabu for the next six months.

[Alexander, William DeWitt. 1891. A Brief History of the Hawaiian People. New York: American Book Co.]

The central figure of this painting by Oliver Kinney is Ku¯‘ula, the son of Ka¯ne and Hina. Ku¯‘ula was the premier fishing deity worshipped

by Hawaiian fishermen. As Ku¯‘ula rises, he swims through the larger fish, the aku, which represents the season of kauwela (the hot season) and ‘o¯pelu, the smaller fish, which represents ho‘oilo (the wet season). © 2006, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council.

Mahoe Hope 26 TUE

R S

6

07:10 19:34 N

6

27 WED 6

R S

Kūkahi

07:59 20:11 N

6

28 THU

R S

6

Kūlua

08:49 20:49 N

6

29 FRI

R S

6

09:40 21:29 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

30 SAT

R S

6

10:32 22:12 N

6

31 SUN

‘Olekūkahi September

Hoaka

August

Hilo

A ‘ ukake 26 –Kepakemapa 24, 2014 R S

6

11:26 22:58 N

6

1

MON 6

R S

12:21 23:49 N

6

‘Olekūlua

2

TUE

R

6

13:18 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

3

WED 6

S R

00:42 14:14 N

6

‘Olepau

4

THU

S R

6

01:40 15:10 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

5

FRI

S R

6

Mohalu

02:42 16:05 N

6

6

SAT

S R

6

Hua

03:45 16:57 N

6

7

SUN

S R

6

Akua

04:50 17:47 N

6

8

MON 6

S R

Hoku

05:54 18:35 N

6

9

TUE

S R

6

Māhealani

06:58 19:22 N

6

10

WED 6

S R

08:00 20:08 N

6

Kulu

11 THU

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

09:01 20:55 N

6

12 FRI

S R

6

10:00 21:42 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

13 SAT

S R

6

10:58 22:30 N

6

Lā‘aupau

14 SUN

S R

6

11:53 23:19 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

15 MON 6

S

‘Olekūlua

12:45 N

6

16 TUE

6

R S

‘Olepau

00:09 13:34 N

6

17

WED 6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

00:58 14:20 N

6

18 THU

6

R S

01:48 15:04 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

19 FRI

6

R S

02:37 15:44 N

6

Kāloapau

20 SAT

6

R S

Kāne

03:27 16:23 N

6

21 SUN

6

R S

Lono

04:16 17:00 N

6

22

MON 6

R S

Mauli

05:05 17:37 N

6

23 TUE

6

R S

Muku

05:54 18:14 N

6

24

WED 6

R S

06:45 18:50 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Niu Pūlama Wai Cherished Waters Eighth-grade students at Niu Valley Middle School have teamed with Waldorf School (Niu campus) to regularly clean the Niu stream mouth, and the Niu Valley Community Association and residents are working the deeper main canal behind Niu shopping center several times per year. This could be the first valley in Hawai‘i where schools and residents are working together and teaming with a community organization (Mālama Maunalua) and the City & County of Honolulu to keep its entire ditch/canal network clean through community kuleana (responsibility). Their work is making a beneficial impact on Maunalua Bay. Niu Valley Middle School students have also teamed up with Mālama Maunalua to participate in limu huki at Maunalua Bay. Removal of the invasive algae helps to contribute to an increase in the population of native sea grass, restoring the Bay’s natural ecosystem balance.

By participating in both activities, students were able to see the impact of their work at the level of the mountain and the ocean. The work helps students develop as sense of kuleana for the environment and perpetuates Niu Valley Middle School’s mission of becoming “stewards of our world and its people.”

‘Ikuwa 25 THU

R S

6

07:36 19:29 N

6

26 FRI

R S

6

Kūkahi

08:28 20:12 N

6

27 SAT

R S

6

09:22 20:57 N

6

Kūlua

28 SUN

R S

6

10:17 21:46 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

29

MON 6

R S

11:12 22:38 N

6

30 TUE

‘Olekūkahi October

Hoaka

September

Hilo

Kepakemapa 25 –‘Okakopa 23, 2014 R S

6

12:08 23:34 N

6

1

R

WED 6

13:02 N

6

‘Olekūlua

2

THU

S R

6

00:31 13:55 N

6

‘Olekūkolu

3

FRI

S R

6

01:31 14:46 N

6

‘Olepau

4

SAT

S R

6

02:33 15:35 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

5

SUN

S R

6

Mohalu

03:35 16:23 N

6

6

MON 6

S R

Hua

04:38 17:09 N

6

7

TUE

S R

6

Akua

05:40 17:56 N

6

8

WED 6

S R

Hoku

06:41 18:43 N

6

9

THU

S R

6

Māhealani

07:42 19:30 N

6

10 FRI

S R

6

08:42 20:19 N

6

Kulu

11 SAT

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

09:40 21:09 N

6

12 SUN

S R

6

10:35 22:00 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

13

MON 6

S R

11:26 22:51 N

6

Lā‘aupau

14 TUE

6

S R

12:15 23:42 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

15 WED 6

S

‘Olekūlua

13:00 N

6

16 THU

6

R S

‘Olepau

00:31 13:41 N

6

17 FRI

6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

01:20 14:21 N

6

18 SAT

6

R S

02:09 14:59 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

19 SUN

6

R S

02:58 15:36 N

6

Kāloapau

20

MON 6

R S

Kāne

03:48 16:12 N

6

21 TUE

6

R S

Lono

04:38 16:50 N

6

22

WED 6

R S

Mauli/Muku

05:29 17:29 N

6

23 THU

6

R S

06:22 18:10 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Kuli ‘ou‘ou Paikō

Paikō is named for Manuel De Pico (the name in time Hawaiianized into Paikō), a whaler from the Portuguese group of the Azore islands, who arrived in Hawai‘i in the 1840s. He eventually acquired half of the ahupua‘a of Kuli‘ou‘ou. Following the custom of the time, his property extended offshore to the edge of the reef and included the “fishery,” or fishing rights, within its boundaries.

[Clark, J. 2005. Beaches of O‘ahu. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp 35–36.]

According to Lawai‘a magazine, the traditional konohiki management system was intact at Paikō and other fisheries in Manunalua Bay as late as the 1950s and 1960s. Traditionally, the konohiki was a steward who had an intimate understanding of and the responsibility to manage the water, land, agricultural and/or fishing resources of a particular area. The konohiki at Maunalua Bay placed seasonal and locational kapu (closures) on the ‘anae (mature mullet) and akule (bigeye scad) Akule school to ensure their survival.

Lawai‘a magazine quotes kūpuna (elders) who recalled that “the fish pond known as Paikō Lagoon served as a natural hatchery for mullet and nehu [a bait fish]. …

Most of the mullet in Kuapa Pond were taken from the mud flats in front of Kuli‘ou‘ou Park and put into the pond. The nehu and ‘iao [a bait fish] fed the akule fishery off of Portlock. Paikō enforced its Ahupua`a Konohiki fishing rights until after Statehood [1959].”

Kuapā fishpond with Koko Crater in background, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, ca. 1955. The traditional name of Kuapā Fishpond is Keahupua‘a o Maunalua.

It was once the largest fishpond in the archipelago of Hawai‘i, covering 523 acres. It was believed to have been partly constructed by Menehune.

[Photo courtesy of Bishop Museum.]

[Cramer, Chris. 2010. “Konohiki Days of Maunalua Bay.” Lawaia.Net. www.lawaia.net/blogs/lawaia/2010/3/15/issue4-2010-konohikidays]

Mullet school

Welehu 24 FRI

R S

6

07:16 18:54 N

6

25 SAT

R S

6

Kūkahi

08:11 19:43 N

6

26 SUN

R S

6

09:08 20:35 N

6

Kūlua

27

MON 6

R S

10:04 21:29 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

28 TUE

R S

6

10:59 22:27 N

6

29

WED 6

R S

‘Olekūkahi

11:52 23:26 N

6

30 THU

R

6

12:43 N

6

‘Olekūlua

31 FRI

‘Olekūkolu November

Hoaka

October

Hilo

‘Okakopa 24 –Nowemapa 22, 2014 S R

6

00:25 13:31 N

6

1

SAT

S R

6

01:25 14:17 N

6

‘Olepau

2

SUN

S R

6

02:25 15:02 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

3

MON 6

S R

Mohalu

03:25 15:47 N

6

4

TUE

S R

6

Hua

04:25 16:32 N

6

5

WED 6

S R

Akua

05:25 17:19 N

6

6

THU

S R

6

Hoku

06:25 18:07 N

6

7

FRI

S R

6

Māhealani

07:24 18:57 N

6

8

SAT

S R

6

08:21 19:48 N

6

Kulu

9

SUN

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

09:15 20:40 N

6

10

MON 6

S R

10:06 21:32 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

11 TUE

S R

6

10:53 22:23 N

6

Lā‘aupau

12

WED 6

S R

11:37 23:13 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

13 THU

6

S

‘Olekūlua

12:17 N

6

14 FRI

6

R S

‘Olepau

00:01 12:56 N

6

15 SAT

6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

00:50 13:33 N

6

16 SUN

6

R S

01:39 14:09 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

17

MON 6

R S

02:29 14:46 N

6

Kāloapau

18 TUE

6

R S

Kāne

03:19 15:24 N

6

19

WED 6

R S

Lono

04:11 16:04 N

6

20 THU

6

R S

Mauli

05:05 16:48 N

6

21 FRI

6

R S

Muku

06:01 17:34 N

6

22 SAT

6

R S

06:58 18:27 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

Ahupua‘a o Maunalua Restoring Maunalua Bay

Mālama Maunalua is dedicated to the restoration of Maunalua Bay by removing invasive alien algae, reducing run-off of sediment and pollutants from the land into the Bay and increasing the marine life. Volunteer-based huki events are organized to bring the community together to remove invasive alien alage. With the ongoing effort, more than 3 million pounds have been removed from Paikō Beach. The alien algae are disposed at Otsuji Farms in Hawai‘i Kai, where it supplies the soil with rich nutrients and aids in the production of healthy crops.

Maintenance of the Paikō region is achieved through a combination of community huki events and a group of community volunteers known as Kuahui who pull on a daily basis and increase the chances of natural reestablishment of native species such as the native endemic nenue sea grass.

Educational huki are offered to help grade school students understand the importance of a healthy watershed, identify invasive and native species of limu, become informed on the connection between the mountains and sea (mauka to makai) and participate in a small huki.

Left: Time series showing progress of alien algae removal at Maunalua Bay.

Top: Native endemic nenue sea grass.

Above: 4,000 lbs of invasive algae removed from Kuli‘ou‘ou.

Left: Alien algae at Paikō during low tide.

Makali‘i Nowemapa 23 –Ke¯ke¯mapa 22, 2014 23 SUN

R S

6

07:56 19:23 N

6

24 MON 6

R S

Kūkahi

08:53 20:21 N

6

25 TUE

R S

6

Kūlua

09:48 21:20 N

6

26

WED 6

R S

10:40 22:20 N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

27 THU

R S

6

11:30 23:20 N

6

28 FRI

R

6

‘Olekūkahi

12:16 N

6

29 SAT

S R

6

00:19 13:01 N

6

‘Olekūlua

30 SUN

‘Olekūkolu December

Hoaka

November

Hilo

S R

6

01:18 13:45 N

6

1

MON 6

S R

02:17 14:28 N

6

‘Olepau

2

TUE

S R

6

03:15 15:13 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

3

WED 6

S R

Mohalu

04:13 15:59 N

6

4

THU

S R

6

Hua

05:11 16:47 N

6

5

FRI

S R

6

Akua

06:08 17:37 N

6

6

SAT

S R

6

Hoku

07:03 18:28 N

6

7

SUN

S R

6

Māhealani

07:56 19:20 N

6

8

MON 6

S R

08:45 20:13 N

6

Kulu

9

TUE

S R

6

Lā‘aukūkahi

09:31 21:04 N

6

10

WED 6

S R

10:13 21:54 N

6

Lā‘aukūlua

11 THU

S R

6

10:53 22:44 N

6

Lā‘aupau

12 FRI

S R

6

11:31 23:33 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

13 SAT

6

S

‘Olekūlua

12:07 N

6

14 SUN

6

R S

‘Olepau

00:19 12:43 N

6

15

M ON 6

R S

Kāloakūkahi

01:09 13:20 N

6

16 TUE

6

R S

01:59 13:58 N

6

‘Kāloakūlua

17

WED 6

R S

02:52 14:39 N

6

Kāloapau

18 THU

6

R S

Kāne

03:46 15:24 N

6

19 FRI

6

R S

Lono

04:43 16:13 N

6

20 SAT

6

R S

Mauli

05:41 17:06 N

6

21 SUN

6

R S

Muku

06:40 18:04 N

6

22

MON 6

R S

07:37 19:08 N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Observations

www.wpcouncil.org

About the Kona Moku

About the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council

“This area is subject to the cyclonic southerly (kona) storms in winter months, but through most of the year is cooled by trade winds sweeping through low gaps in the Ko‘olau range at the top of Moanalua, Kalihi, Nu`uanu and Mānoa valleys. There were abundant rain, ever flowing streams, springs, pools, verdant interior valleys, broad slopes and well-watered lowlands, fishpond areas, harbors, beaches, and lagoons. Altogether Kona was, for O‘ahu, the area richest in natural resources and most pleasant for abundant and comfortable living.”

The Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council is a federal instrumentality created by Congress in 1976 to manage federal fisheries in Hawai‘i and other US Pacific Islands. The Council has worked with communities in Hawai‘i, American Samoa, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands since 2006 to produce traditional lunar calendars to promote ecosystem-based fisheries management, support indigenous fishing and management practices, and enhance community involvement in the fisheries management decision-making process. If your moku is interested in working with the Council on a calendar, please contact us at info.wpcouncil@noaa.gov.

[Handy, ESC and EG Handy. 1978. Native Planters in Old Hawaii, Their Life, Lore and Environment. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.]

A publication of the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council pursuant to NOAA Award FNA12NMF4410217.

ISBN 978-1-937863-12-8

Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1400 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96813 phone: (808) 522-8220 Fax: (808) 522-8226 Email: info.wpcouncil@noaa.gov Web: www.wpcouncil.org