UTC
11
The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities 16 – 17 November 2015 Omaha, Nebraska, USA
2 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication pages do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries regarding its economic system or degree of development. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-Habitat, the United Nations and its member states.
3 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Table of Contents: Urban Thinkers Campus in figures ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 The City We Need Principle(s) addressed.................................................................................................................................. 5 Matrix of linkages - TCWN 1.0 vs. new recommendations....................................................................................................... 6 Key outcomes of the UTC........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Key recommendations.............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Key actors................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Outstanding issues................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Urban solutions......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Speakers................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
4 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Urban Thinkers Campus in figures
6
156
COUNTRIES REPRESENTED
PARTICIPANTS
11
CONSTITUENT GROUPS REPRESENTED
132
ORGANIZATIONS
5 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Introduction to UTC
Constituent Drafting chairs (from left) David Corbin, Nebraska Sierra Club; Chris Anderson, City of Central City; John Kretzschmar, William Brennan Institute for Labor Studies; Elizabeth Hunter, Leo A. Daly; Mike McMeekin, Lamp, Rynearson & Associates; Susanne Trimbath, STP Advisory Services; Nicholas You, Citistates, moderator. ©Katja Duerig
The Urban Thinkers Campus, “Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities,” hosted by the Joslyn Institute for Sustainable Communities (JISC), was convened in Omaha, Nebraska situated in the Nebraska Flatwater Metroplex region of rural
The City We Need principle(s) addressed
Midwestern United States. This 100-mile radius region includes two mid-size cities, Omaha (446,000) and Lincoln (273,000) fifty miles apart as well as numerous smaller cities and towns settled in the rich expanse of
The World Urban Campaign partners identified a set of principles
agricultural land West of the Missouri River.
preliminarily articulated in the Manifesto for Cities. They were intended to guide the focus of conversations in the UTCs for developing a new urban
Seventy percent of the world’s population live in urban centers of fewer
paradigm for The City We Need in the 21st century. From principles come
than 500,000 people and many are situated in rural regions that provide
policies and action tailored to local conditions, created and implemented
the food and natural resources upon which city inhabitants depend. This
by local leaders working in collaboration with local citizens to develop and
fact, among others, led JISC to design the Nebraska Flatwater Urban
sustain human communities designed for the well-being of their inhabitants.
Thinkers Campus (UTC) with a primary focus on urbanization challenges and solutions impacting small and mid-sized cities. While considering the sustainable development of small and mid-sized cities, the design and discussions of this UTC inevitably included a look at the rural-urban synergy and necessity for sound natural resource conservation management in a time of unprecedented growth. With this unique perspective, the Nebraska Flatwater UTC joined other UTCs as part of the World Urban Campaign initiative to identify and characterize core principles of The City We Need to inform the New Urban Agenda to be advanced by Habitat III in 2016 as the graphic serves to illustrate..
Daniel Lawse @DanielLawse
16 Nov 2015
How do we help intermediate cities understand and act on the opportunities and challenges we are discussing? #UrbanThinkersOmaha https://twitter.com/DanielLawse/status/666302661780594688
6 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
World Urban Campaign Principles for a New Urban Paradigm
The Nebraska Flatwater Urban Thinkers Campus agenda was designed with
1. The city we need is socially inclusive.
grounded in these principles as they developed, presented and explored
2. The city we need is well planned, walkable and transit-friendly.
additional perspectives throughout the campus sessions.
all nine principles in mind. Presenters, conveners and participants were
3. The city we need is a regenerative city. 4. The city we need is economically vibrant and inclusive.
For added emphasis, Nebraska Flatwater Campus Steering Committee
5. The city we need has a singular identity and sense of place.
chose to highlight two of the nine principles they determined to be highly
6. The city we need is a safe city.
relevant to small and mid-sized cities. Topics for Urban Thinker Sessions and
7. The city we need is a healthy city.
Urban Labs were identified accordingly. The highlighted principles were:
8. The city we need is affordable and equitable.
a. The city we need has a singular identity and sense of place.
9. The city we need is managed at the metropolitan level (is well planned,
b. The city we need is managed at the metropolitan level (is well planned,
financed and governed at all levels).
financed and governed at all levels, as initially stated in UN-Habitat UTC materials).
Matrix of linkages - TCWN 1.0 vs. new recommendations TCWN 1.0 City We Need Principles
New Recommendations for City We Need Principles: Small and Mid-Size City Perspectives
Consensus Recommendations (Combined and Condensed) for Two Principles Selected for Primary Debate The city we need has a singular identity and
The consensus among Flatwater UTC participants was that the words in the principle statement are
sense of place.
too restrictive and do not convey the evolving and variable features of a small and mid-sized city’s
It recognizes culture as key to human dignity and to sustainability. It involves cultural actors to unlock the creative potential of all citizens. It strengthens the bonds between city and its surrounding hinterland.
identity. Instead they suggest: The city we need has a multifaceted identity made up of diverse neighborhoods and peoples who consciously seek ways to share a common sense of place.
It recognizes and values the multiplicity of diverse cultures, people and their points of view in the processes of expanding perspectives and planning for sustainable growth on behalf of all inhabitants. It functions as a resilient learning community that responds to changing needs of a growing population in the context of an ever-changing world of human and natural events. It strengthens its relationship with surrounding rural regions, recognizing the valuable resources rural areas provide for urban inhabitants. See Key Recommendations for additional thinking offered by constituency group partners.
7 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
TCWN 1.0 City We Need Principles
New Recommendations for City We Need Principles: Small and Mid-Size City Perspectives
The city we need is managed at the metropolitan
Nebraska Flatwater UTC participants determined that the “managed at the metropolitan level”
level.
language does not apply to the structure and governance features of small and intermediary cities. People strongly favor the use of inclusive, democratic processes for managing, decision-making
It coordinates sectorial policies and actions
and governing small and mid-sized cities toward a new urban paradigm. They suggest returning to
(economy, mobility, biodiversity, energy,
language used in previous UTC preparation materials as follows:
water, and waste) within a comprehensive and coherent local framework. Communities
The city we need is well planned, financed and governed at all levels.
and neighborhoods are active participants in
It serves as an active collaboration forum for sustainability planning across the governing jurisdictions
metropolitan decision making.
within the region it occupies. It actively seeks to coordinate and implement policies and actions that
Roles and responsibilities between all stakeholders, while respecting the principle of
retain local autonomy while building and enhancing regional cooperation.
subsidiarity, are clearly defined with resources
It must coordinate diverse agendas to advance the education and social inclusion that encourages
allocated strategically, justly, and around a
participation in managing and governing; to actively seek “ground-up” and “cross-the-board” input
common agenda. In sum, the city we need is
from sectorial agenda-setters.
socially inclusive, well-planned, regenerative
See Key Recommendations for additional thinking offered by constituency group partners.
and resilient, and prosperous.
Recommendations for Revisions to Additional Principles The city we need is socially inclusive.
Recommendation by Women, Indigenous Peoples and Youth constituency group:
It provides spaces for all segments and age
Expand the description to include far more than “providing spaces for all segments and age groups of
groups of the population to partake in social and
the population to partake in social and cultural expressions and eliminating all physical and spatial
cultural expressions. It eliminates all physical
forms of segregation and exclusion.”
and spatial forms of segregation and exclusion.
Tie it with the dynamic, shared unifying sense of identity and shared sense of place. Where and how do grassroots organizations engage? Create collaborative spaces that are socially inclusive and use them for collaborative learning and discovery as well as democratic decision-making. Make space for determining shared values and shared vision of who are and where we’re going— open to changes but ongoing. Include refugee populations along with women, indigenous people, children and youth constituent partners.
The city we need is well planned, walkable and
Recommendation by Professionals and Trade Unions constituency group:
transit-friendly.
The City We Need is well planned, walkable and is growing its public transportation options.
Schools are within walking or biking distance
TCWN 1.0 statement seems to presume extensive transit availability. This may not be true of all
from homes. Offices are located no farther than
cities, particularly small and mid-sized communities, and may not be practical and/or feasible within
a few transit stops away from homes. Shopping
these jurisdictions.
for daily necessities is within walking distance of residential buildings and located near transit stops. Open space for recreation is near schools, work, and home.
8 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
TCWN 1.0 City We Need Principles
New Recommendations for City We Need Principles: Small and Mid-Size City Perspectives Recommendations for New Principles to Consider Recommendation by Research and Academia constituency group: The City We Need is a learning city.
The community is absorbing and learning in today’s world. Roles of people in the research and academia are to support local community to find desired knowledge based on their experiences and to reinforce the understanding about the city we need and sharing it through multiple formats for more effective and efficient barrier-free learning. It leads interdisciplinary cooperation in terms of knowledge development and learning. Recommendation by Civil Society and Grass Roots Organizations constituency group: The City We Need uses bold and innovative strategies to achieve meaningful outcomes for its residents.
Recommendation by Women, Indigenous Peoples and Youth constituency group: The City We Need elects and appoints public and governmental officials who hold themselves accountable to the citizenry for their decisions and promises.
Recommendation by Women, Indigenous Peoples and Youth constituency group: The City We Need preserves, honors and respects the history, culture and needs of women, indigenous people, youth and new immigrants by including them in planning and implementation activities.
Recommendation by Women, Indigenous Peoples and Youth constituency group: The City We Need ensures equitable, effective and affordable access to infrastructure including transportation, education, healthcare and human services for women, indigenous people, youth and new immigrants.
Recommendation by Professionals and Trade Unions constituency group: The City We Need is open to proactive professional groups (such as planners) to participate in “bottomup” democratic processes that focus on the concept of social equity.
Recommendation by Professionals and Trade Unions constituency group: The City We Need utilizes technologies in innovative ways, specifically telecommunication technologies, for gaining input from residents for generating and implementing urban policy.
9 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Key outcomes of the UTC
Parliamentarians constituency group input: Reconsider the term “singular” to avoid ambiguous meanings and to clarify
The puzzle pieces representing divergent thinking began to converge
the recognition of the individuality in urbanism among small and mid-
midday on Day Two in the form of group consensus around key points and
sized communities. Potential replacements may include the terms “unique
principles. The energy of tension and anxiety that had escalated to point
or mosaic.” Within this principle, the interpretation of culture may have
of discomfort and frustration (a sense of chaos) for some by the end of day
various meanings and connotations as well. Expressly, the term “identity”
one reached the level of intensity needed to yield the sense of clarity and
may present difficulties in verifying the authenticity of community identity
resolve that emerged the following day.
due to marketing and branding campaigns. As such, identity may need to include aspects of history, geography, and economics. This constituent
Individual Nebraska Flatwater UTC thinkers had begun to take on the
group also recommends that this principle needs an incorporation of
identity of the constituencies they represented and were speaking more
engagement, potentially replacing the term unlock with engage.
clearly and passionately on their behalf. The principles for a new urban paradigm that represented both constituent interests and the communities
Private Sector and Foundations constituency group input:
of which they are a part were taking shape just as the UTC event was
Identity should include a culture of socially responsible and community
running out of time. The pressure was on to get it right during the final
oriented business leadership. Sense of place is formed by making
constituent drafting sessions.
investments in community development and infrastructure priorities that are supported by business, philanthropy, and government entities.
Pertinent input from constituency groups helped to inform the “key outcome” city we need has a singular identity and sense of place. Worthy ideas left out
Professionals and Trade Unions Parliamentarians constituency group input:
of the matrix in the interest of combining and condensing recommendation
Reword “singular identity” to something more inclusive, such as “shared” or
statements appear below:
“common.” Singular emphasis is simplistic, connoting an exclusionary mind-
recommendations included in the above matrix for changing TCWN 1.0: The
set to anyone or anything that doesn’t mold into the singular identity. The
Research and Academia constituency group input:
word “citizen” in the descriptor leaves out non-citizens, such as refugees.
Creating new knowledge and sharing it with surrounding area is part of a shared identity.
Professionals and Trade Unions constituency group input: A sense of place is important. A well-designed city produces pride, memorability, and shared identity through the use of public spaces and landmarks. In addition, the city infrastructure is planned to better connect diverse neighborhoods and parts of town together.
Civil Society and Grass Roots Organizations constituency group input: a. The City we need has a shared and dynamic identity that embraces a variety of perspectives and a sense of Inclusivity. Identity is not a thing but process. Identity is fluid, a living organism that evolves and is not static. Includes diverse voices so citizens can resonate with a vision or place. Not erratic change but moves and evolves together. Chuck Schroeder (left), Rural Futures Institute, and Andrew Rudd, UN–Habitat, discuss the concept of “city” - from non-rural to megacity - during The City We Need debate on Day 1 ©Jessica Mausbach
b. It is comfortable with conflict and uses it as a source of learning and changing as part of its identity. c. It is open to an evolving shared identity as a fluid and changing thing that must be co-created and re-created at all levels
10 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Pertinent input from constituency groups helped to inform the “key outcome”
Civil Society and Grass Roots Organizations constituency group input:
recommendations included in the above matrix for changing TCWN 1.0: The
The City We Need uses managing/decision-making processes that are
city we need is managed at the metropolitan level. Worthy ideas left out
accessible and educates, engages and empowers all citizens (e.g. a per
of the matrix in the interest of combining and condensing recommendation
centage of the budget be assigned to engagement efforts).
statements appear below:
d. People need to be involved in decision-making process. Use technology to engage people. Need infrastructure to support this.
Research and Academia constituency group input: Strategic governance must coordinate diverse agenda to advance the education and social inclusion that encourages the participation in managing and governing. The key is to get “ground-up” and “cross-theboard” input from sectorial agenda-setters
Parliamentarian’s constituency group input: Particular concern regarding the marginalization of small communities
e. It is the municipal responsibility to engage citizens: need policies and practices to facilitate engagement; to engage people in constructive conflict by making meetings accessible (time and place). f. Government must to do more outreach, make the effort to make the contact and take the initiative.
Key recommendations
within the metropolitan context and a limitation placed on the value of local autonomy. While a degree of autonomy must be released based on the
The City We Need must be Sustainable
necessity of cooperation, a balance should be pursued that reduces competi
An integrated sustainability emphasis must be explicit within New Urban
tion among metropolitan jurisdictions, provides incentives for collaboration,
Agenda Principles to be adopted by the World Urban Campaign partners
and promotes regional governance and collective action. Management in
for inclusion in Habitat III discussions. Holistic sustainability requires an
the city we need should likewise encompass a preservation of autonomy
adaptive and agile approach to collective decision-making and implemen-
while encouraging active engagement. This approach should comprise
tation in a local area. Solutions that work for mega cities may differ from
entrepreneurship, e-government strategies, knowledge networks, and
those needed for small and mid-sized communities and vice versa.
recognize the agility of government. Primarily, professional management suggests a need for ‘well’ managed cities. In this way, the recommendation of this constituent group is to modify this principle to the city we need is well managed.
Private Sector and Foundations constituency group input: The private sector, foundations, and government should work collaboratively to implement sustainable community development and improve quality of life.
Professionals and Trade Unions constituency group input: What DOES this statement mean exactly? Debate revolved around whether a city should be managed at metropolitan level or at all levels. Some noted the need for gaining input from residents at the grassroots level; yet others saw value in more regionally managed areas for meeting sustainability goals. Does “metropolitan level” include grassroots levels, as well as other levels—presuming states, regional, and/or national levels? The five domains of Sustainability ©Ecostep
11 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Measuring Sustainability ŠEcostep
12 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Sustainability is best achieved by engaging diverse interests of local
Key Actors
leaders and residents through the use of tested tools for jointly developing and measuring sustainability actions and outcomes. One example of an
The Nebraska Flatwater UTC was attended by people representing each
easy, adaptable tool is the EcoStep model described in Sustainometrics:
of the constituency partners contributing to the New Urban Agenda.
Measuring Sustainability: Design, Planning, and Public Administration for
University administrators, professors and researchers exchanged views
Sustainable Living, Steward and Kuska (2011). It considers five domains of
with business leaders, city planners, human services professionals
sustainability that are relevant to The City We Need, whether mega cities,
and students of all ages. Grass roots activists, city officials, natural
small or mid-sized. They are: economic, socio-cultural, technological,
resource district professionals and social entrepreneurs were among
public policy and environmental.
the stakeholders committed to exploring challenges and generating recommendations for developing the small and mid-size cities we need
Meanings and Understanding Clarified Across Cultures, Geographies and Neighborhoods.
-- sustainably. Women, men, young and old comprised the multiplicity of
Clarification of specific terms and phrases in context will help to
those who participated.
ethnic, cultural, rural, small town, big city backgrounds represented by
ensure consistent interpretation and application of New Urban Agenda Principles. Examples include: “well planned” (according to what criteria),
Actors from South America, Africa, Russian Federation, Alaska and
“development” (how far and how much), and “inclusive” (approaches to
New York shared stories, experiences and perspectives with actors from
inclusive engagement, education, awareness, etc.).
Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa and Minnesota and vice versa.
People-focused Collaboration and Coordination
The campus was honored to have Nicholas You, a veteran of UN-Habitat
New Urban Agenda Principles must reflect collaborative intentions and
working with World
components, e.g. identifying and coordinating local actors for the sharing of resources and information to develop and implement meaningful actions
Urban Campaign initiative and Andrew Rudd with the UN-Habitat Urban
appropriate for particular circumstances.
Planning & Design Branch in the US.
Kim Roth Howe and Dean John Bartle lead Urban Lab on Innovations in Municipal Finance for Sustainable Development ©Katie Torpy Carroll, JISC
13 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Outstanding issues
Urban solutions
The challenges to the cities we need, whether mega-cities or small and
The solutions for the growing urban challenges we face are in us! Solutions
mid-sized cities, are many and markedly complex. They cross borders,
come from people who care about the urban lives they are capable of
government jurisdictions, regions, countries, religions, economic status,
creating together for themselves – and the common good. A potential set
political ideologies, continents and oceans. The World Urban Campaign
of strategies for urban solutions emerged from this Urban Thinkers Campus:
partners pointed to key challenges in 2012. The challenges are familiar and perhaps intensified today and as we look to the future. They are as follows:
1. Create “Learning Communities” through collaborative agreements
1. Persistence of an unsustainable model of urbanization;
between educational institutions, constituent groups, and whole
2. Growing urban inequalities worldwide;
communities;
3. Steady increase of the number of slum dwellers (as well as political and
2. Define regional consortia, with regions defined not by political boundaries, but by natural ecospheres (model regional establishment
environmental refugees) in parts of the world; 4. Increasing urban risks of climate change, and disasters; and 5. Negative consequences of violence and crime, (and increasing concern
and operations after the existing Nebraska Natural Resource Districts); 3. Designate resource conservation/Climate Change priorities as “Land, Water, Energy, Materials, and Food”;
of terrorism)3 in cities.
4. Implement a Sustainability Planning paradigm for regions and The “Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities,” conversations centered on the understanding that a large segment of the world’s population live in and around urban areas under one million.
communities, guided by the EcoSTEP principles; and 5. Designate the use of systems of metrics to guide Sustainability planning, beginning with the “Sustainometrics” EcoStep model.
These non-urban areas are wellsprings from which we derive myriad
Education about how to participate effectively, think critically, approach
resources. From Alaska’s vulnerable commercial and subsistence fishing, to
conflict constructively and build ideas together must begin early and
loss of farmland in Nebraska, underutilized farmland in Colombia, and loss
continue throughout one’s life. As the challenges become more complex,
of both farming and fishing habitats to pollution in China’s Pearl River delta,
so too, are the solutions.
it has become abundantly apparent that urbanization is inextricably linked to the health of rural communities and their natural resources.
No single human being can begin to know enough to solve today’s most perplexing problems. We must become skilled in the processes of creating,
With local governments leading the vanguard of climate change policy,
experimenting, adjusting and growing solutions together.
small to medium-sized cities are uniquely positioned to explore, promote and exemplify policies supporting sustainable urban-rural interconnections, such as regional food systems and integrated planning, while mitigating the effects of a changing climate.
Joslyn Institute @JoslynInstitute
27 Oct 2015
Michaela Brown @michaela_brown
16 Nov 2015
#UrbanThinkersOmaha is coming up! Housing, technology, water, urban planning, sustainability metrics and much more. http:// bit.ly/1Wgb4sr
“Intermediate cities are the fastest growing cities in the world.” -Nicholas You. Are these cities prepared for that? #urbanthinkersomaha
https://twitter.com/JoslynInstitute/status/659077304207839232
https://twitter.com/michaela_brown/status/666297285572063233
14 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
Speakers John R. Bartle, Dean of the College of Public Affairs, University of
Jim Powell, Assistant Professor of Natural Resource Policy, Sustainability
Nebraska–Omaha
and Public Administration, University of Alaska Southeast
Robert Blair, Professor of Public Administration and Director of Urban
Camilo Restrepo Ochoa, Design Critic in Architecture, Harvard University
Studies, University of Nebraska–Omaha
Graduate School of Design, and Coordinator of Urban Strategies, Centre
David A. Harris, President of Legal Environmental Assistance Foundation Chuck Hassebrook, Vice President, Sandhills Wind Energy Jack Hébert, President and CEO, Cold Climate Housing Research Center Jessica Johnston, Senior Program Manager, International City/County Management Association Timothy R. Kenny, Executive Director, Nebraska Investment Finance Authority Sharon S. Baum Kuska, Professor of Architecture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln James Leighter, Assistant Professor of Communications and Director of Sustainability Studies, Creighton University Francesco Maria Orsini, Director of Consulting Department, Centre for Urban and Environmental Studies (URBAM), Escuela de Administración, Finanzas Y Tecnología (EAFIT)
Citistates’ Nicholas You and the Joslyn Institute for Sustainable Communities’ W. Cecil Steward talk about the road to Habitat III ©Matt Turner, Twenty Ten
for Urban and Environmental Studies (URBAM), Escuela de Administración, Finanzas Y Tecnología (EAFIT) Andrew Rudd, Urban Environment Officer, Urban Planning and Design Branch, UN–Habitat Chuck Schroeder, Executive Director, Rural Futures Institute Jeffrey L. Soule, FAICP, Director of Outreach and International Programs, American Planning Association W. Cecil Steward, FAIA, President and Founder and CEO, Joslyn Institute for Sustainable Communities Natalie Umphlett, Regional Climatologist, High Plains Regional Climate Center Edmundo Werna, International Labour Organization, UN–Habitat Nicholas You, Chairman, Median and Communications Constituency Group, General Assembly of Partners, and Board Member, Citiscope
Kaisi Kalambo, President of the African Union of Architects ©Katja Duerig
15 Urban Thinkers Campus: 11 – The Role and Opportunities in Urban Sustainability for Small and Mid-Size Cities
List of all countries present 1. Switzerland
4. Russian Federation
2. Colombia
5. Tanzania
3. Italy
6. United States of America
www.joslyninstitute.org/utc.html
United Nations Human Settlements Programme P.O. Box 30030 Nairobi 00100, Kenya World Urban Campaign Secretariat www.worldurbancampaign.org Email: wuc@unhabitat.org Tel.: +254 20 762 1234
www.unhabitat.org