Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development Aid flows decline
8a
Official development assistance from Development Assistance Committee members (2010 $ billions) 200 Humanitarian assistance
150 Net debt relief
100
Bilateral net official development assistance, excluding debt relief and humanitarian assistance
50
0
Multilateral net official development assistance, excluding debt relief and humanitarian assistance
1990
1995
2000
2005
2011
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development StatExtracts.
Domestic subsidies to agriculture exceed aid flows
8b
Agricultural support ($ billions) 150
European Union 100 Japan 50 United States Korea, Rep. 0
Turkey 1990
1995
2000
2005
2011
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development StatExtracts.
More opportunities for exporters in developing countries
8c
Goods (excluding arms) admitted free of tariffs from developing countries (% total merchandise imports, excluding arms) 100 United States
Norway 75
Australia Japan
50 European Union 25
0
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Source: World Trade Organization, International Trade Center, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, and World Development Indicators database.
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World Development Indicators 2013
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User guide
The eighth and final goal distinguishes the Millennium Development Goals from previous resolutions and targeted programs. It recognizes the multidimensional nature of development and the need for wealthy countries and developing countries to work together to create an environment in which rapid, sustainable development is possible. Along with increased aid flows and debt relief for the poorest, highly indebted countries, goal 8 recognizes the need to reduce barriers to trade and to share the benefits of new medical and communication technologies. It is also a reminder that development challenges differ for large and small countries and for those that are landlocked or isolated by large expanses of ocean. Building and sustaining a partnership is an ongoing process that does not stop at a specific date or when a target is reached. After falling through much of the 1990s, official development assistance (ODA) from members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) rose sharply after 2002, but a large part of the increase was in the form of debt relief and humanitarian assistance (figure 8a). The financial crisis that began in 2008 and fiscal austerity in many high-income economies have begun to undermine commitments to increase ODA. Net disbursements of ODA by members of the DAC rose to $134 billion in 2011, but, after accounting for price and exchange rate adjustments, fell 2.3 percent in real terms from 2010. Aid from multilateral organizations remained essentially unchanged at $34.7 billion, a decrease of 6.6 percent in real terms. ODA from DAC members has fallen back to 0.31 percent of their combined gross national income, less than half the UN target of 0.7 percent. OECD members, mostly high-income economies but also some upper middle-income economies such as Chile, Mexico, and Turkey, continue to spend more on support to domestic agricultural producers than on ODA. In 2011 the OECD
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