144
Beyond the Annual Budget
Table D.1 (continued) Variable
MTFF
MTBF
MTPF
MTFF diffusion
Source
World Bank and IMF documents; case studies World Bank and IMF documents; case studies World Bank and IMF documents; case studies World Bank and IMF documents; case studies; UN data
MTBF diffusion
World Bank and IMF documents; case studies; UN data
MTPF diffusion
World Bank and IMF documents; case studies; UN data
Health spending per capita (PPP) GDP per capita (PPP) Population density Years of schooling
WHO WEO WDI WDI
Government voice and accountability
WGI
Government effectiveness
WGI
Definition with population density, years of schooling, a government indicator for voice and accountability and one for government effectiveness, a dummy variable for OECD countries, and year effects) Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the MTFF is the highest framework adopted, 0 otherwise Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the MTBF is the highest framework adopted, 0 otherwise Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the MTPF is the highest framework adopted, 0 otherwise Ratio of countries in the same UN region adopting an MTFF to the number of countries in the UN region, excluding the country itself Ratio of countries in the same UN region adopting an MTBF to the number of countries in the UN region, excluding the country itself Ratio of countries in the same UN region adopting an MTPF to the number of countries in the UN region, excluding the country itself Current health expenditure per capita in PPP terms Current GDP per capita in PPP terms People per square kilometer Number of years of primary and secondary education completed Index capturing perceptions of the extent to which a country’s citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media Index capturing perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service, and the degree of its independence from political pressures; the quality of policy formulation and implementation; and the credibility of the government’s commitment to such policies