Primary data documentation notes • Base year is the base or pricing period used for
staff estimation, and estimate that data are World
from the very recent censuses could be reflected in
constant price calculations in the country’s national
Bank staff estimates. • System of trade refers to
timely revisions if basic data are available, such as
accounts. Price indexes derived from national
the United Nations general trade system (G) or spe-
population by age and sex, as well as the detailed
accounts aggregates, such as the implicit deflator
cial trade system (S). Under the general trade system
definition of counting, coverage, and completeness.
for gross domestic product (GDP), express the price
goods entering directly for domestic consumption
Countries that hold register-based censuses produce
level relative to base year prices. • Reference year
and goods entered into customs storage are
similar census tables every 5 or 10 years. Germany’s
is the year in which the local currency, constant price
recorded as imports at arrival. Under the special
2001 census is a register-based test census using
series of a country is valued. The reference year is
trade system goods are recorded as imports when
a sample of 1.2 percent of the population. A rare
usually the same as the base year used to report the
declared for domestic consumption whether at time
case, France has been conducting a rolling census
constant price series. However, when the constant
of entry or on withdrawal from customs storage.
every year since 2004; the 1999 general population
price data are chain linked, the base year is changed
Exports under the general system comprise outward-
census was the last to cover the entire population
annually, so the data are rescaled to a specific refer-
moving goods: (a) national goods wholly or partly
simultaneously (www.insee.fr/en/recensement/
ence year to provide a consistent time series. When
produced in the country; (b) foreign goods, neither
page_accueil_rp.htm). • Latest demographic, edu-
the country has not rescaled following a change in
transformed nor declared for domestic consumption
cation, or health household survey indicates the
base year, World Bank staff rescale the data to main-
in the country, that move outward from customs stor-
household surveys used to compile the demographic,
tain a longer historical series. To allow for cross-
age; and (c) nationalized goods that have been
education, and health data in section 2. AIS is HIV/
country comparison and data aggregation, constant
declared for domestic consumption and move out-
AIDS Indicator Survey, CPS is Current Population
price data reported in World Development Indicators
ward without being transformed. Under the special
Survey, DGHS is Demographic and General Health
are rescaled to a common reference year (2000) and
system of trade, exports are categories a and c. In
Survey, DHS is Demographic and Health Survey,
currency (U.S. dollars). • System of National
some compilations categories b and c are classified
ENPF is National Family Planning Survey (Encuesta
Accounts identifies countries that use the 1993
as re-exports. Direct transit trade—goods entering
Nacional de Planificacion Familiar), FHS is Family
System of National Accounts (1993 SNA), the termi-
or leaving for transport only—is excluded from both
Health Survey, LSMS is Living Standards Measure-
nology applied in World Development Indicators since
import and export statistics. See About the data for
ment Survey, MICS is Multiple Indicator Cluster Sur-
2001, to compile national accounts. Although more
tables 4.4, 4.5, and 6.2 for further discussion.
vey, MIS is Malaria Indicator Survey, NSS is National
countries are adopting the 1993 SNA, many still fol-
• Government finance accounting concept is the
Sample Survey on Population Change, PAPFAM is Pan
low the 1968 SNA, and some low-income countries
accounting basis for reporting central government
Arab Project for Family Health, RHS is Reproductive
use concepts from the 1953 SNA. • SNA price valu-
fi nancial data. For most countries government
Health Survey, and SPA is Service Provision Assess-
ation shows whether value added in the national
finance data have been consolidated (C) into one set
ments. Detailed information for AIS, DHS, MIS, and
accounts is reported at basic prices (VAB) or pro-
of accounts capturing all central government fiscal
SPA are available at www.measuredhs.com/
ducer prices (VAP). Producer prices include taxes
activities. Budgetary central government accounts
aboutsurveys; for MICS at www.childinfo.org; and for
paid by producers and thus tend to overstate the
(B) exclude some central government units. See
RHS at www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/surveys.
actual value added in production. However, VAB can
About the data for tables 4.12, 4.13, and 4.14 for
• Source of most recent income and expenditure
be higher than VAP in countries with high agricultural
further details. • IMF data dissemination standard
data shows household surveys that collect income
subsidies. See About the data for tables 4.1 and 4.2
shows the countries that subscribe to the IMF’s Spe-
and expenditure data. Names and detailed informa-
for further discussion of national accounts valuation.
cial Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) or General
tion on household surveys can be found on the
• Alternative conversion factor identifies the coun-
Data Dissemination System (GDDS). S refers to coun-
website of the International Household Survey Net-
tries and years for which a World Bank–estimated
tries that subscribe to the SDDS and have posted
work (www.surveynetwork.org). Core Welfare Indica-
conversion factor has been used in place of the offi -
data on the Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board
tor Questionnaire Surveys (CWIQ), developed by the
cial exchange rate (line rf in the International Mon-
at http://dsbb.imf.org. G refers to countries that sub-
World Bank, measure changes in key social indica-
etary Fund’s [IMF] International Financial Statistics).
scribe to the GDDS. The SDDS was established for
tors for different population groups— specifi cally
See Statistical methods for further discussion of
member countries that have or might seek access
indicators of access, utilization, and satisfaction
alternative conversion factors. • Purchasing power
to international capital markets to guide them in pro-
with core social and economic services. Expenditure
parity (PPP) survey year is the latest available sur-
viding their economic and financial data to the public.
survey/budget surveys (ES/BS) collect detailed infor-
vey year for the International Comparison Program’s
The GDDS helps countries disseminate comprehen-
mation on household consumption as well as on
estimates of PPPs. See About the data for table 1.1
sive, timely, accessible, and reliable economic, finan-
general demographic, social, and economic charac-
for a more detailed description of PPPs. • Balance
cial, and sociodemographic statistics. IMF member
teristics. Integrated household surveys (IHS) collect
of Payments Manual in use refers to the classifica-
countries elect to participate in either the SDDS or
detailed information on a wide variety of topics,
tion system used to compile and report data on bal-
the GDDS. Both standards enhance the availability
including health, education, economic activities,
ance of payments items in table 4.17. BPM4 refers
of timely and comprehensive data and therefore con-
housing, and utilities. Income surveys (IS) collect
to the 4th edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments
tribute to the pursuit of sound macroeconomic poli-
information on the income and wealth of households
Manual (1977), and BPM5 to the 5th edition (1993).
cies. The SDDS is also expected to improve the
as well as various social and economic characteris-
• External debt shows debt reporting status for
functioning of financial markets. • Latest population
tics. Labor force surveys (LFS) collect information on
2010 data. Actual indicates that data are as
census shows the most recent year in which a cen-
employment, unemployment, hours of work, income,
reported, preliminary that data are based on reported
sus was conducted and in which at least preliminary
and wages. Living Standards Measurement Studies
or collected information but include an element of
results have been released. The preliminary results
(LSMS), developed by the World Bank, provide a
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2012 World Development Indicators