158
INDEX
ports (continued) for leather products, 123 partnerships with, 90 port and terminal handling fees, 88 and transport costs, 88 See also Djibouti poverty reduction, 69, 75n3 PPP. See purchasing power parity (PPP) Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA), 49–50n17 private sector investments, 7 private sector manufacturers, 33 production costs, 55, 89, 118–19 apparel industry, 116–17 China, 55, 116–17, 120, 121 and document preparation, 89 impact of input costs on, 57–58 impact on trade logistics, 85–86 leather products, 121, 122 wooden chairs, 124–25 productivity, 2, 38 in agriculture, 7, 22 Asia, 22 China, 7–8, 30, 31, 43–44 gap of in African firms, 93–94 level of, 3, 4 per worker in select countries, 31ff1.4 in specific sectors, 29–30, 48–49n7 in Sub-Saharan Africa, 29–30, 31, 40 variations in, 93–94 wood products, 7–8, 124 profitability, 44 PTA. See Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA) public goods, 64 public-private partnerships, 109 purchasing power parity (PPP), 23, 48n2
Q qualitative interviews, 2, 115b 8.1, 145, 146–47 quantitative interviews, 2, 115b 8.1, 145, 147
R railway lines, 90 Ramsay Shoe Factory, Ethiopia, 15, 97, 123 reforms in agribusiness, 128–30, 132 economywide and industry–specific, 9, 107 implementation of, 16–17, 74, 107–8, 113–14, 134–36 in investment climate, 8–9 and political economy, 110, 136–37, 138–40t8.5 See also policy recommendations regional integration, 63 regulations, agribusiness, 130 risks, 81 roof sheets. See tin roof industry
S savings, 78, 81, 82 services sector, and economic structure, 24f 1.2 Shamji, Ryaz, 100b 6.1 Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, 12, 13 shipping costs, 89, 118 shoe factories, 97 showrooms, 70–71 skills, 40, 95, 118, 122 as constraint on productivity, 93 to manage medium and large firms, 37 possible solutions from Asia, 103 and vocational training, 15–16 and wages in light manufacturing, 26–28 of workers, 101–2, 124–25, 127 See also entrepreneurial skills smallholders, access to finance for, 64 South Asia, 32–36, 48n1 special economic zones, 12, 13, 71, 133–34b 8.2 Sri Lanka, 34 start-ups, 14–15, 77–78, 96–97 See also first movers steel, 8, 59, 68, 126–128