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LIVING THROUGH CRISES
(2) changes in aggregate labor demand that can reduce employment levels and wage rates; (3) changes in the rates of return on assets; (4) changes in levels of public transfers, in cash and kind; and (5) changes in community environment, in terms of public health or safety. Lustig and Walton (2009) identify a similar set. 4. Research in Indonesia also found broad agreement between quantitative and qualitative indicators of crisis impacts (McCulloch and Grover 2010), as well as some dissimilarities: the labor force survey showed that real wages in the formal sector increased during the crisis period, but this was not picked up in the qualitative research, which had focused on areas hard hit by the crisis. The qualitative study also uncovered weaknesses in the way the labor force survey treated migrant workers.
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