288
Index
Bangladesh (continued) lack of success due to bad locations, 210–11, 213 overall performance, 103–09 private sector participation, 192 SEZ investment outcomes, 70–78 socioeconomic outcomes in zones, 96–103 tariffs and preferences, 144–46 tax levels, 146–47 utilities considerations in zones, 137–38, 139 weak local linkages with FDI, 226 Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA), 160, 213 Benjamin William Mkapa SEZ (BWMSEZ), 169 Bogota Free Trade Zone, 40 Bracero Program, U.S., 33 Business Focus Ghana, 193 business regulatory environment as an investment consideration, 142–44 legal framework and (see legal and regulatory framework in zones) BWM-SEZ (Benjamin William Mkapa SEZ), 169
C Calabar Free Zone, Nigeria. See also Nigeria export market, 85 limited success of, 78, 83, 122, 158 timing of promotional efforts, 204 utilities considerations, 219 Caribbean Basin Initiatives (CBI), 208 Central American Free Trade Area (DR-CAFTA), 208 China de facto situation’s influence, 172 economic outcomes, 6 influence of SEZ models, 36 integrated customs for parks, 224 phasing out of fiscal incentives, 178 policy goals of zones, 26 public sector dominance, 191 scope of SEZs, 42–44, 66 sources of investments, 75 South-South trade promotion, 256 state-state partnerships use, 196 Chinese Trade and Economic Cooperation Zones, 39–40
CNZFE (Consejo Nacional de Zona Francas de Exportacion), 172, 194, 235 Colombia development of private sector zones, 37 launch of export processing zones, 35 rise in public-private partnerships, 40 Colon Free Zone, 28 commercial free zones, 27 comparative advantage and zone success, 78, 158, 160–61, 251–54 competitiveness issues in zones, 105–06, 126, 246 Consejo Nacional de Zona Francas de Exportacion (CNZFE), 235 Costa Rica critical success element of political leadership, 153 delineation of roles and responsibilities of key actors, 172 development of private sector zones, 37 launch of export processing zones, 35 customs clearance as a factor in SEZ success, 127, 221–23, 224 as an investment consideration, 139, 140–41 tariffs and preferences, 144–46 Customs Law, 34
D Dakar Integrated SEZ, Senegal, 83, 168, 196 Departamento de Fomento, 33 DIFZ program, 158 Djibouti, 161 Dominican Republic business regulatory environment in zones, 142–44 comparative advantage focus, 160 customs and trade issues impacting zones, 139–42 customs effectiveness, 222 delineation of roles and responsibilities of key actors, 172 development of private sector zones, 37 dynamic outcomes in zones, 87–95 employment statistics in the zones, 84–86