602
Index
implementation capital, 590–91n34 investment capital, 560, 589n19 in private enterprises, 548, 587n4 capital accumulation Brazil, 103, 104, 107, 139, 145, 146 China, 164, 165–66 India, 243 Malaysia, 307–9 Mexico, 361 Philippines, 446 Poland, 458, 488 Turkey, 508, 527, 529–31, 533–34 capital adequacy ratios, 33–34 Brazil, 117 Philippines, 424, 441n11 Poland, 465 Turkey, 500t11.3, 518 capital flows, 1–3, 8, 19–25, 29, 31, 61 Brazil, 111 China, 164, 177–78 decrease in, 30, 34, 264 Ethiopia, 204–6, 227n3–4 India, 268, 272–73, 278, 279 Mexico, 370 net private, 177, 264 Philippines, 425 precrisis period, 15 reversals in, 6 Vietnam, 548, 549, 571, 573t12.9, 587n7 capital inflows, 1–2, 3, 34, 45, 69 Brazil, 125, 135, 142 composition of, 23, 79n11–12 increase in, 23, 68, 72 India, 242, 243, 246–48, 250–51, 256, 259 Malaysia, 331 Mexico, 368, 378 net capital inflows, 20–22, 78–79n8–9 overview, 20–22, 78–79n8–9 Philippines, 422 Poland, 458, 460, 462f10.11
Turkey, 501, 507, 508, 518–19, 521, 533, 543–44 Vietnam, 558, 561 capital-intensive sectors, 503 China, 169–72, 175 Turkey, 524, 527, 532–33 capitalization, Brazil, 101, 136 capital outflows, 2, 21, 36–37 India, 243, 251, 259–60 Malaysia, 319–21 Turkey, 511 capital-per-worker India, 280, 281t6.9 Malaysia, 307 capital requirements, 35, 56 capital-to-GDP ratios Mexico, 402 Poland, 458 capital-to-labor ratio, China, 167–68, 200 capital-to-output ratio, China, 189 capital-to-risk-weighted assets, Brazil, 117 Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, 93–94 case studies, 13–15 boom period assessing impact of investment and GDP growth, 23–30, 79n13–15 capital inflows and financial engineering, 23, 79n11–12 and cost of foreign capital, 20–22, 78–79n8–9 and inflows, 20–22, 78–79n8–9 interest rates and banking intermediation, 22, 79n10 lessons, messages, and implications for postcrisis growth, 28–30 overview, 15–20, 78n1–5 and global-financial crisis impact of, 30–35, 40–49, 79n17, 83–86 main findings of, 51–52, 79n20