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The Day after Tomorrow
Figure 16.2 Impact of the Crises: Countries’ Progress toward the Millennium Development Goals highest risk Macedonia, FYR Swaziland lowest performance* Costa Rica Malaysia Trinidad and Tobago in child mortality Croatia Mexico Nicaragua Venezuela Dominican Côte d'lvoire Republic Moldova Ecuador Mongolia Thailand Angola Guinea−Bissau Bangladesh Bosnia and Herzegovina Egypt, Arab Rep. Namibia Ukraine Central African Republic Liberia Malawi Botswana El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Brazil Gabon Panama Mauritania Myanmar São Tomé and Principe Albania Bulgaria Georgia Paraguay Rwanda Tanzania Madagascar Senegal Zambia Argentina Chile Haiti Philippines Malawi Afghanistan Somalia Armenia China Honduras Poland Hungary Romania Burkina Faso Kenya Azerbaijan Colombia Uganda Indonesia Russian Federation Belarus Costa Rica Chad Mali Bhutan Congo, Dem. Rep. Mozambique Benin Croatia Iran, Islamic Rep. Tunisia Burundi Jamaica Ethiopia Niger Latvia Lesotho Cambodia Libya Jordan Lao PDR Cameroon Gambia, The Nigeria Kazakhstan Vietnam Comoros Guatemala Ghana Sierra Leone Congo, Rep. Djibouti Slovak Republic Turkmenistan India Pakistan Sudan Togo Uruguay Uzbekistan Tajikistan Morocco Guinea Timor-Leste Turkey decelerating growth
lowest performance** in gender parity in schooling
Eritrea Iraq
Nepal Saudi Arabia
Sources: For decelerating growth: growth estimates based on the International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook database 2009 projections and on World Bank staff estimates and data from the World Development Indicators database 2009; for child mortality rates and schooling, WDI 2009. Note: Countries with high infant mortality rates are those in the highest quartile of the distribution of under-5 mortality rates (per 1,000 live births) for 151 developing countries in 2007. Countries with low female schooling rates are those in the lowest quartile of the distribution of the ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary enrollment for 131 developing countries for the latest available data between 2004 and 2007. * Lowest performance in child mortality measured by dividing 151 developing countries in quartiles based on under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000) in 2007. ** Lowest performance in gender parity in schooling measured by dividing 131 developing countries in quartiles based on ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary enrollment (percent) for the latest year between 2004 and 2007.
Their situation is most precarious in the 15 countries, mainly in Africa, that are affected by high child mortality rates, low female schooling rates, and decelerating growth (figure 16.2).1
Crisis Priorities If left unaddressed, these gender-specific consequences of crises will contribute to current poverty and imperil future development. Fortunately, policy responses (summarized in table 16.1), which build on the role of women as economic agents and their preference for investing