272
Index
Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA), 100 India household income, relationship to telecommunications service expenditures in, 155 investment in African telecommunications from, 128 mobile termination rates in, 105 price of international bandwidth in, 94 individual-access scenario. See future investment needs Infraco (South Africa government-owned backbone operator), 87 infrastructure, 5–9, 50–65 backbone network infrastructure, 58t, 58–61. See also backbone networks broadband access network infrastructure, 56–57 buying and selling services between operators to fill in gaps, 52 compared to rest of world, 51–52 cost-reduction strategies, 22, 193 fixed networks, 50, 52–53 Internet exchange points, 64–65 mobile networks, 53–56 private participation in, 126, 126t recommendations for infrastructure sharing, 198–99. See also facilities sharing submarine fiber-optic, 62–64. See also submarine fiber-optic infrastructure Intelecon, 155, 156t interconnection regulation “bill and keep” system, 117n21 by country, 229–30t implementation of, 72 rates, 104, 104f recommendations, 21, 190 International Finance Corporation (IFC), 140 international services competition in, 40, 82–83, 91–95 number, by country, 256–57t price of, 4, 38, 40, 42–43f International Telecommunications Union (ITU), 83 Internet. See broadband Internet Internet exchange points (IXPs), 64–65
Internet service providers (ISPs) competition restrictions on, 75 cooperative management arrangements among, 65 Internet exchange points (IXPs) of, 64–65 licensing of, 82, 84 number in Sub-Saharan Africa, 85t quality of service, 184 WiMAX deployment by, 56 intra-African call prices, 42, 44f Investcom (Lebanon-based operator), 132 investment. See financing; future investment needs; private investment ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band, 108, 118n27
J Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE), 134 Juntunen, N., 149
K Ka-band frequencies, 63 Kenya banking services, 194 bond issuance in, 135 corporate bond market in, 136t equity markets in, 133 existing network coverage in, 150 fiber-optic backbone networks in, 61, 90 ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band in, 108 IXPs in, 65 mobile broadband in, 33 mobile competition in, 80, 81 pay phones in, 30, 32f private investment in ICT in, 125–26f, 127 privatization in, 95 rate caps on mobile interconnection charges in, 103 sensitivity analysis in, 167 stock exchange in, 134 submarine fiber-optic cables in, 196 wireless broadband in, 84, 177 Kenya Internet Exchange Point (KIXP), 65 Kenya Telecom, 52 Korea, Republic of dial-up’s disappearance in, 56 prepurchase agreements, use of, 199