Contents
Map 3.4 Map 3.5 Map 4.1 Map 4.2 Map 4.3 Map 5.1
Map 5.2
Map 6.1 Map 6.2
xiii
Remittance Income Clusters in the Republic of Yemen A Policy-Oriented Spatial Typology of the Middle East and North Africa Region Petroleum Product Subsidies Exacerbating Spatial Disparities in Iraq Poverty Incidence and Poverty Gaps in the Syrian Arab Republic Poverty Gaps in the Republic of Yemen Trunk Road Connectivity Is Good Where the People Are: Travel Time in Hours to a City of More Than 500,000 Inhabitants, with Closed Borders Smooth Border Crossings Would Give Lagging Border Regions a Better Chance of Benefiting from Spillover Connectivity: Travel Time in Hours to a City of More Than 500,000 Inhabitants, with Zero-Hour Border Crossings The Islamic Republic of Iran’s Placement of Economic Zones in Low-Density Areas Tunisia’s Priority Development Zones
111 114 182 187 189
215
229 255 257
List of Tables Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 3.1 Table 3.2
Table 3.3 Table 3.4
Matching Policy Packages to Lagging Areas Lower Enrollment Rates for Rural Children, Especially the Poor Old and New Paradigms of Regional Economic Development Policy Spatial Disparities in Economic and Human Development in MENA Investment in the Poorest Areas of Tunisia Gives the Poorest Returns Matching Policy Packages to Lagging Areas How Agglomerated Are the Economies of the Middle East and North Africa? Difference between Agricultural Labor Productivity in MENA and Spain: How Much Is Due to the Land-Labor Ratio? Mean versus Median per Capita Consumption Human Development Indicators in Slums
3 16 27 37 42 56 65
71 75 77