196 • Index
Australia (Continued) high-skilled migration as destination country, 121, 140 initiative to engage with diaspora, 165 automatic teller machines (ATMs), 75, 82 Aydagul, B., 160
B Bangladesh remittances and, 96nn4–5 saving accounts aimed at diaspora, 176 Bank for International Settlements, General Principles for International Remittance Services, 87 banks. See financial access and remittances Bansak, Cynthia, 66b Bärnighausen, Till, 135 Belgium as destination country, 25 healthcare professionals, migration to, 131 Benin common ties within region and crossborder emigration, 21, 34 mobile money transfers, 82 remittances, channels for, 89 return agreement with France, 170 Bhagwati tax, 139, 142n5 Bhargava, Alok, 137 Bharti Airtel, 82, 99n25 bilateral agreements on migration, 4, 33, 36–37 Black, R., 175 bonds backed by future remittances, 57 diaspora and, 6, 11, 148, 158–60, 180–81nn10–12 healthcare professionals required to give, 139–40 Botswana common ties within region and cross-border emigration, 21
remittances channels, 78, 98n23 infrastructure development and, 89 insurance against adverse shocks, 69 brain drain, 142n2. See also high-skilled migration brain gain, 112b “brain waste,” 124 Brazil mobile money transfers, 99n29 remittance channels, 84 securitization of future remittances, 56 BRIDGE (Building Remittance Investments for Development, Growth and Entrepreneurship) initiative, 96n7 Burkina Faso Africa Migration Project surveys, 27–29 child fostering program, 32, 40n10 as destination country for African migrants, 23 high-skilled migration, 116 remittances channels, 78, 79f, 80, 93t educational use of, 66 household investments made with, 154–55, 154f housing and, 69, 70f importance of, 60–61 information and communication technology and, 70, 71t infrastructure development and, 89 recipients’ placement in consumption quintiles, 61–62, 61–62f uses of, 64t, 65 return migration rates, 30, 30t socioeconomic characteristics of migrants from, 2, 14 trafficking enforcement, 32