92
World Bank Working Paper
Table 4.24: STR by Types of Schools and Location, Government-Funded Secondary Schools (2007) Average Number of Students
Average Number of Teachers
Average Number of Qualified Teachers
STR
SqTR
Type of school CSS
393
18.9
13.8
20.8
28.6
CDSS
172
8.4
1.6
20.6
106.6
ODSS
158
12.5
7.2
12.6
21.7
Urban
370.5
20.6
11.1
17.9
33.2
Rural
195.1
9.4
3.4
20.8
57.9
Location
Division Northern
161.5
8.5
3.4
19.0
47.6
Central Eastern
214.4
10.1
4.1
21.2
52.6 58.4
Central Western
258.3
12.7
4.4
20.3
Southern Eastern
201.9
11.1
4.9
18.2
41.5
Southern Western
231.3
12.0
4.8
19.2
47.7
Shire Highlands Average (min-max)
239.8
9.6
4.0
24.9
59.3
213.1 (12-1447)
10.5 (2-59)
4.2 (1-50)
20.2 (2.6-55.7)
51.1 (4.3-391)
Source: EMIS, 2007.
Consistency in Teacher Allocation Figure 4A.5 in Appendix 4.1 provides a visual analysis of the allocation of teachers across schools. It shows some substantial variations in the number of teachers across schools of similar size. As an example, a school of 220 students can have between 9–15 teachers. Yet, compared to the situation prevailing in primary schools, the allocation of teachers across public secondary schools is more consistent, as indicated by the value of the R2 of 72 percent. This value indicates that 72 percent of the variation in teacher allocation to schools is explained by the number of students. This is a great improvement from 2000, when 41 percent of teacher deployment variation was explained by school size. However, despite a high R2 value, there remains room for improvement throughout the system, as 28 percent of teacher allocation still depends on factors other than school enrollment. ORT Funds As with primary schools, ORT funding to secondary schools is used for day to day operations, utility bills, teachers’ leave grants, some capital purchases, and maintenance work. In July 2008, all secondary schools began retaining both tuition and boarding fees to be used at the school level. The retained fees will increase the ORT received from Treasury. ORT funding to secondary schools concerns the CSSs and the initial list of approved CDSSs. These schools receive an allocation based on a set formula.44 CDSSs, which came onto the approved list later, receive a lump sum of MK500,000 per annum