This book collects some of the most relevant and policy oriented-papers that the MENA department of the World Bank produced as contributions to trade reform and exports diversification in some MENA countries. The selected articles were written during the critical 2005-08 years, a period featuring an accelerated pace of trade reform, increasing competition from China and India in European markets, and an increasing regional concern about exports diversification either in oil-producing countries, like Algeria, or in emerging services-oriented countries, like Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt.