Notes and References
Monecke, K., W. Finger, D. Klarer, W. Kongko, B. G. McAdoo, A. L. Moore, and S. U. Sudrajat. 2008. “A 1,000-Year Sediment Record of Tsunami Recurrence in Northern Sumatra.” Nature 455 (7217): 1232–4. Oxfam America. 2006. Disaster Management Policy and Practice: Lessons for Government, Civil Society and the Private Sector in Sri Lanka. Boston. Tsunami Evaluation Coalition. 2007. Report: Expanded Summary: Joint Evaluation of the International Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami. London. Available at http://www.alnap.org/resource/5536.aspx. United States Geological Survey. 2008. Poster of the Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of 26 December 2004. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ eqcenter/eqarchives/poster/2004/20041226.php.
Chapter 6 Notes 1. For a discussion of the overall effects of climate change and the costs of adaptation, see IPCC (2007a) and World Bank (2009, 2010). 2. Sources: (a) Based on estimates for 1820–1998, excess GPD growth above population growth has varied beween 0.7 percent in Africa to 1.7 percent in the G7 countries (World Bank 2008, p. 106). (b) http://mospi.nic.in/reptpercent20_percent20pubn/sources_methods_ 2007/Chapterpercent2032.pdf. (c) http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-citiespopulation-125. html. 3. According to UN Population Division (2007). 4. The estimates for this report are based on an economic-demographic model following Henderson and Wang (2007). No estimates are currently available for flood risk because global hazard distributions data focus on large rural floods, while most city floods are localized and result, for example, from inadequate drainage. Cyclones also cause storm surges that can devastate coastal areas. These are not considered separately here, but a recent study estimated that global (including extratropical) exposure to coastal flooding caused by storms in large port cities will rise from about 40 million people today to about 95 million by 2070, not considering the possible effects of climate change (Nicholls and others 2008). 5. The Civil War and the relative decline of water-based transportation relative to rail caused the city to lose ground, relative to northern cities, through much of the 19th century. New Orleans’ population peaked at
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