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Table 2. Percentage of Total Expatriates, Highly-skilled Aged 15+ Cohen and Soto (2001)
Highly Skilled Aged 15+
Barro and Lee (2000)
Highly Skilled Aged 15+
15 non-OECD countries with the lowest percentage of highly skilled 15+ expatriates in OECD countries
Brazil Myanmar Indonesia Thailand Bangladesh Paraguay Nepal India Bolivia China Jordan Venezuela Costa Rica Syria Egypt
1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 4.0 4.3 4.4
Brazil Thailand Indonesia Paraguay Argentina China Myanmar Peru Nepal Bangladesh Bolivia India Egypt Venezuela Swaziland
1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5
15 non-OECD countries with the highest percentage of highly skilled 15+ expatriates in OECD countries
Guyana Jamaica Haiti Trinidad and Tobago Fiji Angola Cyprus Mauritius Mozambique Ghana United Rep. of Tanzania Uganda Kenya Burundi Sierra Leone
83.0 81.9 78.5 76.0 61.9 53.7 53.3 53.2 47.1 45.1 41.7 36.4 35.9 34.3 33.3
Guyana Jamaica Guinea-Bissau Haiti Trinidad and Tobago Mozambique Mauritius Barbados Fiji Gambia Congo Sierra Leone Ghana Kenya Cyprus
76.9 72.6 70.3 68.0 66.1 52.3 50.1 47.1 42.9 42.3 33.7 32.4 31.2 27.8 26.0
Source: Dumont and LemaĂŽtre 2004.
decline is more pronounced in Mexico. The Mexico-U.S. corridor alone was estimated to account for US$20 billion in remittances in 2006 (Ratha and Shaw 2007). But various factors, including the debate over immigration policy, and particularly illegal immigrants in the United States, may have had a dampening effect on the use of formal channels for remittance transfers.