current practice of unpaid informal caregivers may not be sustainable. Some countries, such as Austria, Germany and selected Nordic countries, provide pension credits to informal caregivers given that these are women who have forfeited the opportunity of employment. In addition, in-
formal caregivers may need the support of professionals because some tasks associated with these activities may be well beyond their capability. In the Netherlands, informal and formal long-term care is provided, although this requires strong institutional capacity.
Gender Issues in Human Capital
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