private sector providing technical advice and other support services. These investments include agriculture and fishery production, with allied value-adding activities, that make use of appropriate, sustainable and environment-friendly technologies which are socially and culturally acceptable to target communities. The target groups consist of at least 30% Indigenous Peoples (IPS), rural women (with priorities for women-headed households), youths and other disadvantaged sectors. iv) Natural Resources Management (NRM)—This component covers upland watershed and land use management interventions which would impact on agricultural and fisheries productivity in the MRDP2 sites. The target beneficiaries are relevant national agencies supporting LGUs and communities that have direct influence on terrestrial and coastal resource use. Specifically, its activities will include (a) capability building of communities, LGUs and national agencies to improve land management practices critical to protecting coastal areas; (b) the introduction and demonstration of sustainable land management practices that can directly benefit upland resource users as well as downstream users (especially fisherfolk), through controlling erosion, improving the fertility of land and limiting the release of agrochemicals; and (c) an increase in awareness of the direct linkages between upland and downstream impacts to coastal ecosystems that will be mainstreamed into municipal policies and development plans. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Department of Finance (DOF), and DA : Community-Based Ecosystems Management (CBEM) The CBEM strategy is the generic term for the CDD approach to environment and natural resources management (ENRM) implemented, in some form or another, by the DENR (FMB, PAWB, LLDA) in collaboration with target LGUs and communities. It involves the capacitybuilding of local communities and LGUs in forest, upland, river basin and near-shore areas to plan and implement ENRM measures as well as investments for community-initiated development projects to reduce poverty and environmental degradation. It includes demanddriven livelihood activities and investments that help achieve sustainable natural resources management and/or biodiversity conservation. The identification of these livelihood activities is guided by the imperative of linking sustainable natural resources management practices and tenurial instruments with community participation in local ENR monitoring systems and resource protection. This ENRM-based development approach is mainly implemented by the DENR in the forest/upland ecosystem through CBFM programs. Its institutional mechanisms include Protected Areas Management Boards (PAMBs) and Watershed Management Councils (WMCs), which are multi-sector bodies responsible for watershed/protected areas management. These bodies are composed of representatives from the LGU, the DENR, LGU ENR office, POs/NGOs. The DENR provides both technical and financial support to these bodies. One of the components of the National Program Support for Environment and Natural Resources Management Project (NPS-ENRMP), a WB-funded Sector Investment and Maintenance (SIM) loan to the DENR, implements the integrated ecosystems management (IEM ) approach in priority watersheds. The IEM strategy is an improvement over previous CBEM approaches since it provides a more holistic view of the ecosystem or
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