HEALTH
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS
ages 0-11 and 56 children ages 12-19, a total of 69 child HIV
Among Youth
cases as of 2010. Twenty people under age 19 at the time
There were 2,053 reported cases of sexually transmitted infections reported by children ages 19 and under in
of AIDS diagnosis have died from the disease between 1983 and 2010. According to the CDC, youth need accurate and
Nebraska in 2010. This marks a decreasing trend from 2,316 cases in 2009 and 2,633 cases in 2008. Figures 2.9 and
age-appropriate information about HIV infection and AIDS,
2.10 present reported cases of STIs by race and ethnicity,
including how to reduce or eliminate risk factors, where to
respectively.
get tested for HIV and how to use a condom correctly before
According to the CDC, young people, especially youth of color, are at persistent risk for HIV infection. Young people
they engage in sexual behaviors that put them at risk for infection.
with HIV infections often slowly develop AIDS during their lifetimes. In Nebraska, there were 13 children living with HIV
1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 21, 2006, Vol. 55, No. RR-6.
Linking Teen Pregnancy Prevention to Other Critical Social Issues,” www.teenpregnancy.org.
According to the Nebraska Vital Statistics Report 2009, the Kotelchuck Index determines adequacy of prenatal care using information from the birth certificate about when prenatal care begins and how many visits occur prior to delivery.
10
2
Out of the 25,916 births that occurred in Nebraska in 2010, 25,206 had known Kotelchuck Index scores. 3
Marsha Regenstein, Ph.D., Linda Cummings, Ph.D., and Jennifer Huang, M.S., “Barriers to Prenatal Care: Findings from a Survey of Low-Income and Uninsured Women Who Deliver at Safety Net Hospitals,” National Pub lic Health and Hospital Institute, Prepared for the March of Dimes, October 2005. 4
5
Ibid.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “The Health Conse quences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General C2004,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA, May 2004. 6
7
Vital Statistics, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services.
March of Dimes, “Quick Reference Fact Sheets: Low Birthweight,” Novem ber 2005, http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1153.asp. 8
9
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, “Why It Matters:
Annie E. Casey Foundation, “Why Teens Have Sex: Issues and Trends,” KIDS COUNT Special Report, 1998. Annie E. Casey Foundation, “Unequal Opportunities for Adolescent Repro ductive Health,” Race Matters Tool Kit, http://www.aecf.org/knowledgecenter/ publicationsseries/racematters.aspx. 11
The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, “Why It Matters: Linking Teen Pregnancy Prevention to Other Critical Social Issues,” www.teenpregnancy.org. 12
13 Annie E. Casey Foundation, “Unequal Opportunities for Adolescent Repro ductive Health,” Race Matters Tool Kit, http://www.aecf.org/knowledgecenter/ publicationsseries/racematters.aspx.
U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey, Table B17010. 14
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Table HI05. 15
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Table HI10. “Low-income” families were those who were living below 200% of the federal poverty level, which was about $44,100 for a family of four in 2010. 16
2010 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Results, http://www.education.ne.gov/ HIV/2010_YRBS-Results/results.htm. 17
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