LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID) An approach to site planning, design, and development that seeks to avoid, minimize, and manage impacts to water resources by stewarding and reintroducing natural hydrologic processes into developed watersheds. MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM (MS4) A stormwater drainage network (including road drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains) that is owned or operated by a local government or designated entity (such as a state, city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body). NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) A regulatory program in the Federal Clean Water Act that prohibits the discharge of pollutants into surface waters of the United States without a permit. NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) PHASE I NPDES Phase I, issued in 1990, requires medium and large cities or certain counties with populations of 100,000 or more to obtain NPDES permit coverage for their stormwater discharges.
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) PHASE II NPDES Phase II, issued in 1999, requires regulated small MS4s in urbanized areas, as well as small MS4s outside the urbanized areas that are designated by the permitting authority, to obtain NPDES permit coverage for their stormwater discharges. NON-POINT SOURCE (NPS) POLLUTION Pollution originating from diffuse sources without a single point of origin. NUTRIENTS Substances such as nitrogen and phosphorous that are required by plants and animals for growth. In some circumstances, excessive nutrient additions to surface waters may result in excessive algal or plant growth and, subsequently, the accumulation and decay of increased organic matter. See: Eutrophication. OPEN SPACE For the purposes of this publication, land set aside for public or private use within a development that is not built upon. Readers should check zoning ordinances for the effective definition in their jurisdiction. PATHOGEN A microscopic organism, such as certain viruses, bacteria, or fungi, capable of causing disease in another organism.
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