2012Â Priorities 1. Production practices that optimize yield, quality, and profit 2. Disease management with emphasis on blackleg management. Note: sclerotinia research proposals should be submitted to the Sclerotinia Initiative. 3. Insect management, identification and control 4. Straight-harvest canola research, including the use of desiccants 5. Rotation studies that determine optimal broadleaf crops to precede canola
2012Â Priorities 6. Reduction of pod shattering, including identification of varieties resistant to shattering 7. Increasing oil yield per acre in canola 8. Nitrogen/sulfur fertility management, including useefficiency studies 9. Seeding date by location studies with newer hybrids. 10. Other traditional or non-traditional research that has potential to increase canola acres and production 11. Evaluating and improving canola production on marginal lands (e.g., saline soils).
Canola desiccation: Effect of Sharpen and Valor applied pre‐harvest on canola yield and seed quality Brian Jenks, Tiffany Walter, and Gary Willoughby North Dakota State University Ed Davis Montana State University
Objectives Determine the effect of Sharpen and Valor applied pre‐harvest on canola yield, seed moisture, and seed quality compared to diquat and swathing. Determine if diquat at 1 pt will provide effective desiccation compared to the U.S. labeled rate of 1.5 pt. Evaluate Liberty as a desiccant alone or with glyphosate.
Summary of 2010 and 2011 results • Diquat was most effective for desiccating pods and stems 3‐10 DAT. It was very consistent at reducing seed moisture. • Visually, Sharpen + Glyph was not as effective as diquat, but provided acceptable desiccation after 10‐ 14 days. Reduced seed moisture similar to diquat. • Valor performed well in 2010, but not in 2011. • Glyphosate desiccated stems very well in 2011, and reduced seed moisture more than diquat in 2011. • < 50 lb seed loss in both years. • Swathing and diquat had slightly higher green count both years (Swath: 2.6 and 2.4; diquat: 2.1 and 0.5).
Methods in 2012 • Clearfield Brassica juncea variety • Treatments applied when seeds in middle pods started to turn color. • Yellow sticky cards used to collect falling seeds and pods. • One treatment was swathed the same day desiccants were applied. • Treatments evaluated visually 3, 7, 10, and 14 DAT.
Summary • Warm, dry conditions accelerated crop maturity and dry down. Thus, it was difficult to identify potential treatment differences. • Diquat at 1 pt provided similar desiccation and crop quality as 1.5 pt. • Liberty provided enough desiccation to warrant further investigation in 2013. • This Brassica juncea variety dried down quickly and seemed more prone to shattering and pod drop. • None of the treatments caused high green count
Questions??
Canola Seeding Date Study 2012
Spring canola seeding date study
i.) Evaluate seeding date effect on Herbicide Resistant Canola Systems ii.) Compare net returns iii.) Investigate No-till vs. Conventional till
Dickinson Research/ Extension Center â&#x2013;ź
No till - Western Conventional till - Eastern
Experimental Design • RCBD with split plot arrangement, 4 replicates – Main plot – Seeding date • 5 dates spaced about 10 days • 1st date close to when producers first plant – Subplot – Hybrid • DKL30-42 Roundup Ready • Invigor 8440 Liberty Link
Traits Evaluated • • • • • • • • • •
Stand Weed pressure Flowering Plant height Plant lodging Test weight Seed yield Seed oil content Oil composition Net return
Canola seeding dates at four North Dakota locations in 2012. Seeding date Carrington Prosper Langdon Minot Date 1 April 24 May 3 April 27 April 25 Date 2
May 7
May 11
May 9
May 3
Date 3
May 21
May 18
May 21
May 15
Date 4
June 4
May 31
June 1
May 25
Date 5
June 19
June 13
June 12 June 5
Canola seed yield (lb/A) at three North Dakota locations in 2012. Seeding date Carrington Prosper Langdon Minot Not Date 1 1523a 1734a 2214a
available
Date 2
1325a
1382b
1929b
-
Date 3
1492a
1644ab
2068ab
-
Date 4
883b
770c
1259c
-
Date 5
625c
742c
1361c
-
221
295
LSD(0.05)
212
Canola seed yield (% of Date 1) at three North Dakota locations in 2012. Seeding Carrington Prosper Langdon date 100 100 Date 1 100
Minot Not available
Date 2
87
80
87
-
Date 3
98
95
93
-
Date 4
58
44
57
-
Date 5
41
43
61
-
Canola seed yield (lb/A) at Langdon, North Dakota in 2010, 2011, and 2012. Seeding Year Year Year Flower 2010 2011 date 2012 2012 June 21 Date 1 2970 2840 2214 Date 2
3110
3240
1929
June 28
Date 3
3560
2950
2068
July 2
Date 4
3080
3300
1259
July 10
Date 5
3160
3430
1361
July 18
Questions?
Acknowledgements Appreciation is extended to the National Canola Research Program for study funding
2012 Growing Season ‐ Recap 2012 warmest & driest in recent memory 70 degrees in March Early planting for all crops in northern MN Aster leafhoppers Hail Heat Canola pod shatter Rapid dry‐down & wind
2012 CPC Research Trials Small plot canola fertility trial Small plot planting date trial Large on‐farm swath vs. direct harvest
Small Plot Fertility Trial Previous crop ryegrass Planting date 5/3/12 PPI treatments incorporated with s‐tine harrow with rolling basket Dry conditions at incorporation and at planting Nitrogen loss???
Fertility Treatments
Urea PPI ‐ 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 Urea + ESN ‐ 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 Post ‐ 0, 45, 90, 135 PPI + Post ‐ 0, 45 + 45, 45 + 90, 45 PPI – May 1, Post – June 7 (4‐lf canola)
Canola Fertility Trial Canola variety DK 72‐40 Limited rain for 4 weeks after planting Two rain events after post emergence fertility applications Significant nitrogen loss in PPI treatments Canola yields ranged from 696 to 1,603 #/A
Canola Seed Yield (#/A)
90
135
Canola Seed Yield (#/A)
0 + 45
90 0 + 90
135 0 + 135
Canola Seed Yield (#/A)
0 + 45 45 + 45
90 0 + 90 45 + 90
135 0 + 135 45 + 135
Small Plot Planting Date Trial Two varieties DK 72‐40 RR & InVigor LL‐130 Five planting dates May 3, 12, 21, 31 and June 13 RR canola yields ranged from 1,430 to 1,726 LL canola yields ranged from 1,142 to 1,574
2012 Canola Planting Date Trial (Yield in lb/A)
Canola Planting Date Trial Aster yellows: more symptoms on first three planting dates Hail damage on first three dates (10%) Pod shatter most evident on early planting dates Last date highest canola yields
Large On‐Farm Direct Harvest Trial
Large On‐Farm Swath vs. Direct Harvest Trial Cooperators Brian and Sheldon Rice Field operations conducted with commercial scale equipment Significant canola pod shatter due to hot windy weather
On‐Farm Swathed vs. Direct Harvest
NDSU Canola Breeding program
Canola Breeding Objectives General scheme: modified pedigree method with early generation testing Objectives: 1- High seed yield High oil/acre 2- High oil content 3- Resistance to WM and blackleg 4- Frost tolerant 5- Salinity tolerant 6- Shattering tolerant 7- Good root system 8- Resistance to lodging
NDSU-COE plot testing program From 2006 to 2012
Breeding Program Germplasm development 1. Open pollinated (OP) breeding 2. Hybrid breeding
Breeding materials 1. Roundup ready lines 2. Conventional lines
Experimental Results Promising Hybrid: h-119 Year = 4, Locations = 5 Environment = 19 Variety
Ave yield lb/a (15 Env.)
Over ave. hybrid (%)
Oil (%)
Over ave. oil (%)
h-119
2656
9.2
44.0
2.2
DKL 72-55
2609
7.3
43.3
0.4
DKL 30-42
2592
6.6
42.5
-1.3
Pio 45H26
2459
1.1
43.1
0.1
DKL 52-41
2419
-0.5
42.8
-0.6
IS 71-45
2275
-6.5
43.2
0.2
DKL 38-25
2240
-7.9
43.6
1.2
Hybrid (h-119) at 2012 REC-trial – LANGDON Variety
Yield
SL# Company
Variety
Oil/a
1 NDSU
h119
2509
1 NDSU
h119
1161
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
DKL30‐42 DKL70‐07 G08648 HyClass 955 HyClass 930 Nexera 1012 DKL55‐55 G08652 G13109 V12‐1 1229 DKL72‐55 7150 R Star 402 BY 12‐054 1227 V1050 HyClass 947 7152 R 6070 RR G84737 G93765 6040 RR DKL30‐03 1228 45S54 G95483 HyClass 988 G95585 46S53 V2045 HyClass 940 1201 Nexera 1016 G08486 45 Caliber V2035 45S52
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
DKL30‐42 DKL55‐55 HyClass 930 HyClass 955 DKL70‐07 G08652 Star 402 G13109 G08648 DKL72‐55 7150 R HyClass 947 1229 Nexera 1012 DKL30‐03 G84737 BY 12‐054 7152 R V12‐1 6070 RR V1050 G93765 G95585 1227 G95483 6040 RR 1228 45S54 46S53 HyClass 988 HyClass 940 G08486 V2045 V2035 1201 Nexera 1016 45 Caliber 45S52
SL# Company DeKalb DeKalb Monsanto Croplan Croplan Mycogen DeKalb Monsanto Monsanto Cargill NDSU DeKalb Integra Star BrettYoung NDSU Cargill Croplan Integra BrettYoung Monsanto Monsanto BrettYoung DeKalb NDSU Pioneer Monsanto Croplan Monsanto Pioneer Cargill Fill NDSU Mycogen Monsanto Proseed Cargill Pioneer
2413 2314 2290 2286 2280 2275 2269 2259 2257 2236 2223 2191 2177 2168 2168 2152 2146 2130 2126 2123 2105 2099 2093 2085 2035 2001 2000 1999 1989 1961 1941 1933 1906 1897 1894 1890 1838 1770
DeKalb DeKalb Croplan Croplan DeKalb Monsanto Star Monsanto Monsanto DeKalb Integra Croplan NDSU Mycogen DeKalb Monsanto BrettYoung Integra Cargill BrettYoung Cargill Monsanto Monsanto NDSU Monsanto BrettYoung NDSU Pioneer Pioneer Croplan Fill Monsanto Cargill Cargill NDSU Mycogen Proseed Pioneer
1115 1097 1092 1083 1078 1068 1061 1052 1051 1037 1032 1012 1010 1010 997 992 991 990 979 974 972 970 967 963 951 937 924 923 909 894 878 865 862 857 852 840 840 800
Average (2011-2012) REC - Langdon (h-119) Company Croplan BrettYoung NDSU DeKalb Croplan DeKalb Mycogen Croplan DeKalb (check) BrettYoung Pioneer Integra Integra Pioneer DeKalb Proseed Cargill Trial Mean LSD 5%
Variety HyClass955 6070 RR h-119 DKL70-07 HyClass988 DKL30-42 Nexera1012 HyClass 947 DKL72-55 6040 RR 46S53 7152 R 7150 R 45S52 DKL55-55 45 Caliber V2035
Oil 47.4 45.9 46.3 46.6 44.7 46.2 44.4 47.5 47.3 44.8 46.4 46.6 47.4 45.2 48.4 44.4 46.7 46.2 1.2
Yield 2486 2472 2432 2381 2324 2315 2303 2258 2215 2195 2158 2143 2117 2069 2047 2029 1961 2197
RESULTS:
2012 – EGT-Hybrids performance
Loc: 5 of 5 No-Replication Entry 12-EGTHy-18 12-EGTHy-71 12-EGTHy-74 12-EGTHy-45 12-EGTHy-73 12-EGTHy-13 12-EGTHy-280 12-EGTHy-240 12-EGTHy-266 12-EGTHy-38 12-EGTHy-75 12-EGTHy-221 12-EGTHy-168 12-EGTHy-4 12-EGTHy-40 12-EGTHy-42 12-EGTHy-159 12-EGTHy-68 12-EGTHy-279 12-EGTHy-276 12-EGTHy-93 12-EGTHy-31 12-EGTHy-19
Yield 2450 2534 2573 2447 2626 2519 2579 2734 2485 2528 2620 2558 2398 2355 2518 2342 2384 2394 2466 2396 2553 2298 2498
Check Yield 2071 2184 2223 2145 2338 2236 2308 2351 2289 2300 2440 2340 2228 2153 2313 2152 2227 2217 2280 2200 2336 2168 2321
Over Ave Hybrid (%) 18.5 16.0 15.9 14.5 12.7 12.5 11.0 10.9 10.5 10.3 10.0 9.7 9.3 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.4 8.4 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.2 6.9
Hybrid checks: DKL72-55, Pioneer 45H26
RESULTS:
2012 – EGT-RR-OP performance Loc: 3 of 3 No-Replication
Entries 12-E-RR-OP-49 12-E-RR-OP-66 12-E-RR-OP-59 12-E-RR-OP-32 12-E-RR-OP-77 12-E-RR-OP-26 12-E-RR-OP-29 12-E-RR-OP-62 12-E-RR-OP-41 12-E-RR-OP-61 12-E-RR-OP-38 12-E-RR-OP-23 12-E-RR-OP-28 12-E-RR-OP-54 12-E-RR-OP-72 12-E-RR-OP-96 12-E-RR-OP-46 12-E-RR-OP-27 12-E-RR-OP-76 12-E-RR-OP-7
Yield (lb/a) Check yield Yield over Check 2473 2019 22.5 1974 1614 22.3 2223 2022 9.9 1953 1801 8.4 1854 1725 7.5 1724 1614 6.8 1880 1770 6.2 1943 1831 6.1 2104 2019 4.2 2111 2042 3.4 1824 1777 2.7 2078 2034 2.2 1879 1842 2.0 1881 1845 1.9 1821 1799 1.2 2053 2040 0.6 1972 1972 0.0 1854 1862 -0.4 1993 2020 -1.3 1640 1871 -12.3
Hybrid checks: DKL55-55, Pioneer 45H26
Oil(%) 47.5 44.0 43.2 44.8 45.6 43.6 45.2 44.9 43.9 43.8 43.7 44.8 45.7 45.1 43.3 44.8 44.5 43.8 44.7 41.1
Winter types x Spring types Total lines tested in the field
= 1350
Full plot test (Prosper + Langdon)
= 438
Entry Yield (lb/a) Check yield Over Check (%) 12-EGT-Conv-L-206 2549 2161 18 12-EGT-Conv-L-157 2467 2094 18 12-EGT-Conv-L-190 2264 1929 17 12-EGT-Conv-L-200 2533 2161 17 12-EGT-Conv-L-106 2519 2153 17 12-EGT-Conv-L-173 2660 2282 17 12-EGT-Conv-L-174 2543 2182 17 12-EGT-Conv-L-180 2294 1982 16 12-EGT-Conv-L-164 2420 2094 16 12-EGT-Conv-L-209 2469 2161 14 12-EGT-Conv-L-140 2920 2560 14 12-EGT-Conv-L-184 2299 2029 13 12-EGT-Conv-L-158 2258 1994 13 12-EGT-Conv-L-183 2424 2159 12 12-EGT-Conv-L-160 2231 1994 12 12-EGT-Conv-L-191 2265 2029 12 12-EGT-Conv-L-122 2615 2370 10 12-EGT-Conv-L-115 2371 2153 10
Oil (%) 45.7 46.1 42.9 44.4 45.1 42.4 40.9 44.4 44.3 46.0 44.6 43.8 44.2 45.9 44.2 43.8 40.1 42.9
Hybrid check: DKL 55-55
Single row testing (Prosper + Fargo) = 912
Canola Pathology – Summary Resistance to blackleg in B. juncea population: • Recorded reaction of 300 B. juncea accessions to isolates of PG-2, 3, T, and 4 in the greenhouse. • Evaluation was conducted 3 times with every accession having 3 replicates composed of 6 plants each. • Seedlings were inoculated at cotyledon stage and evaluated two weeks later using a 0 to 9 scale. • Genomic DNA was extracted once from each accession and screened using 766 DArT polymorphic markers. • A set of 16 B. juncea accessions with resistance to multiple PGs were identified
Canola Pathology – Summary Resistance to blackleg in B. juncea population: • A set of 16 B. juncea accessions with resistance to multiple PGs were identified • Accessions considered resistant to PG-2 were also resistant to PG-3 while those resistant to PG-T also were resistant to PG-4 • Markers associated with resistance to PG-2 and PG3 were identified in the A genome of B. juncea • No markers associated with resistance to PG-T and PG-4 could be identified. They may be in the B genome of B. juncea