UNRIC Library Backgrounder: Libya by United Nations

Libya Libyan Political Dialogue Forum https://unsmil.unmissions.org/libyan-political-dialogue-forum

UN News Centre on Libya https://news.un.org/en/tags/libya Libya: ‘Historic moment’ as UN-led forum selects new interim leadership (UN News, 5 February 2021): https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/02/1084022 Libyan elections to take place in December 2021: senior UN official (UN News, 14 November): https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/11/1077692 Libya ceasefire: UN relaunches inclusive political forum, amid growing ‘sense of hope’ (UN News, 26 October 2020): https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1076122 Note to Correspondents - in response to questions on understandings reached on Libya (7 October 2020): https://bit.ly/2GWbxQB Note to Correspondents - Co-chairpersons' Summary of the Ministerial Meeting on Libya (5 October 2020): https://bit.ly/31corRj

Intra-Libyan Joint Military Commission On 18 February 2020, under the auspices of the United Nations, the Intra-Libyan Joint Military Commission is resuming its meeting in Geneva. (Note to Correspondents, 17 February 2020): https://bit.ly/39N8nr7

Geneva Round of Libyan Political Dialogue, 2016-2018 http://bit.ly/1KuILxM

Geneva Round of Libyan Political Dialogue - 2015 https://bit.ly/2P6cpTA

UN Entities •

United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) http://unsmil.unmissions.org/ o

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The airstrikes on the Daman building complex, including the Tajoura Detention Centre, 2 July 2019 (27 January 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/UNSMILOHCHRReport_AirstrikesTajoura.docx Desperate and Dangerous: Report on the human rights situation of migrants and refugees in Libya, 20 December 2018: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/LibyaMigrationReport.pdf Abuse Behind Bars: Arbitrary and unlawful detention in Libya, April 2018: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/AbuseBehindBarsArbitraryUnlawful_EN.pdf Statement on Recent Media Reports of Slavery in Libya (22 November 2017): https://unsmil.unmissions.org/statement-recent-media-reports-slavery-libya

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“Detained and Dehumanised”: Report on Human Rights Abuses Against Migrants in Libya, 13 December 2016: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/DetainedAndDehumanised_en.pdf Report on the Human Rights Situation in Libya, 16 November 2015: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/UNSMIL_OHCHRJointly_report_Libya_16.11.15.pdf

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Human Rights Defenders under Attack, 25 March 2015: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/HumanRightsDefendersLibya.pdf Update on Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law during the Ongoing Violence in Libya, 23 December 2014: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/UNSMIL_OHCHRJointly_report_Libya_23.12.14.pdf

Overview of Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law During the Ongoing Violence in Libya, 4 September 2014: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/OverviewViolationsLibya_UNSMIL_OHCHR _Sept04_en.pdf Torture and Deaths in Detention in Libya - October 2013: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/TortureDeathsDetentionLibya.pdf

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UN in Libya https://unsmil.unmissions.org/un-libya

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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - Libya http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MENARegion/Pages/LYIndex.aspx o

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United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Libya http://www.ly.undp.org o

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‘Shocking’ cycle of violence for migrants departing Libya to seek safety in Europe (2 October 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26337 Libya: Bachelet appoints Independent Fact-Finding Mission experts (19 August 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26172 OHCHR Investigation on Libya (past mandate): https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/OIOL.aspx

The Stabilization Facility for Libya - An independent strategic and operational review (April 2019): https://bit.ly/3pelVmU

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – Libya http://www.unhcr.org/libya.html o

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UNHCR evacuates hundreds of detained refugees in Libya to safety (29 April 2019): https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/press/2019/4/5cc09a824/unhcr-evacuates-hundredsdetained-refugees-libya-safety.html UNHCR Position on Returns to Libya – Update II (September 2018): https://www.refworld.org/docid/5b8d02314.html Mixed Migration Trends in Libya (July 2017): http://www.unhcr.org/595a02b44 UNHCR delivers aid to thousands in southern Libya as conflict rages (News Stories, 25 August 2015): http://www.unhcr.org/55dc84836.html Numbers of internally displaced in Libya double since September - UNHCR (News Stories, 30 June 2015): http://www.unhcr.org/5592a8286.html Protection considerations with regard to people fleeing from Libya – UNHCR’s recommendations (as at 29 March 2011), Update No. 1 http://www.unhcr.org/4d67fab26.html Crisis in Libya - Urgent Appeal http://www.unhcr.org/emergency/libya/global_landing.html

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United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - At a glance: Libya https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/laj.html

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United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) https://www.unocha.org/libya o o o

ReliefWeb - Libya: http://reliefweb.int/country/lby Libya: UN seeks US$115 million to provide life-saving aid (17 February 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/libya-un-seeks-us115-million-provide-life-saving-aid Libya: Escalation in hostilities increases humanitarian needs (6 January 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/libya-escalation-hostilities-increases-humanitarian-needs

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Libya Humanitarian Needs Overview 2020: https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/libyahumanitarian-needs-overview-2020-january-2020 The other face of Libya (25 March 2019): https://unocha.exposure.co/the-other-face-of-libya

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World Food Programme (WFP) – Libya http://www.wfp.org/countries/libya

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World Health Organization (WHO) - Libya http://www.who.int/countries/lby/en/

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International Organization for Migration (IOM) – Libya https://www.iom.int/countries/libya

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International Criminal Court - Situation in Libya (ICC-01/11) https://www.icc-cpi.int/libya (court records, background information & press releases) o

Statement of ICC Prosecutor to the United Nations Security Council on the Situation in Libya, pursuant to UNSCR 1970 (2011) (10 November 2020): https://www.icccpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=201110-icc-prosecutor-statement-unsc-libya International Criminal Court aims to make Libya a priority for next year, says Prosecutor (UN News Centre, 9 November 2016): https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/11/544952international-criminal-court-aims-make-libya-priority-next-year-says-prosecutor

Security Council •

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2021: 12 March, 9 February, 28 January – The situation in Libya Meeting records, press releases and resolutions: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2021 2020: 15 December, 19, 10 November, 2 October, 15, 2 September, 8 July, 5 June, 19, 5 May, 8 April, 26 March, 12, 11 February, 30 January – The situation in Libya Meeting records, press releases and resolutions: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2020 2019: 18, 9 November, 3 October, 12, 4 September, 10 August, 29 July, 10 June, 21, 8 May, 20 March, 18 January – The situation in Libya http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2019 2018: 8, 5, 2 November, 13, 5 September, 16 July, 11, 6 June, 21 March, 17 January – The situation in Libya http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2018 2017: 14 December, 16, 8 November, 10 October, 14 September, 28 August, 29, 12, 7 June, 8 May, 19 April, 8 February – The situation in Libya http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2017 2016: 13, 6 December, 9 November – The situation in Libya; 6 October - Maintenance of international peace and security; 13 September, 22 July, 14, 13 June, 26 May, 31, 15, 2 March – The situation in Libya http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2016 2015: 23, 17, 11 December, 5 November, 9 October, 10 September, 26 August, 15 July, 12 May, 27 March, 5, 4 March, 18 February http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2015 2014: 17 December, 11 November, 15 September, 27 August, 17 July, 9 June, 13 May, 19, 14 and 10 March http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2014 2013: 16 December, 15 November, 18 June, 14 March and 29 January http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2013

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2012: 7, 8 November, 12 September, 18 July, 16 and 10 May, 12 March, 29 February, 25, 26 January http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2012 2011: 22, 25, 26 February, 17, 24, 28 March, 4 April, 3, 4, 9, 31 May, 15, 27 June, 28 July and 16 September, 26, 27, 31 October and 2 November http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2011 Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1970

Resolutions: o

S/RES/2546 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2546(2020) on renewal for 12 months of the authorizations as set out in paras. 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) concerning migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya

S/RES/2542 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2542(2020)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2021 o

S/RES/2526 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2526(2029) on extension of the authorizations on the inspection of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya for a further 12 months

S/RES/2510 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2510(2020) on endorsement of the conclusions of the Berlin Conference on Libya convened on 19 Jan. 2020

S/RES/2509 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2509(2020)

on extension of the authorizations provided by and the measures imposed by Security Council resolution 2146 (2014) and on extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts concerning Libya until 15 May 2021 o

S/RES/2491 (2019): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2491(2019)

on renewal for 12 months of the authorizations as set out in paras. 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) concerning migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya o

S/RES/2486 (2019): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2486(2019) on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2020

S/RES/2473 (2019): https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2473(2019)

on extension of the authorizations on the inspection of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya for a further 12 months S/RES/2441 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2441(2018) on extension of the authorizations provided by and the measures imposed by Security Council resolution 2146 (2014) and on extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts concerning Libya until 15 Feb. 2020

S/RES/2437 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2437(2018)

S/RES/2434 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2434(2018) on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2019

S/RES/2420 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2420(2018)

on extension of the authorizations on the inspection of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya for a further 12 months o

S/RES/2380 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2380(2017)

S/RES/2376 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2376(2017) on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2018

S/RES/2362 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2362(2017)

S/RES/2357 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2357(2017)

on extension of the authorizations on the inspection of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya for 12 months

S/RES/2323 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2323(2016)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2017

S/RES/2312 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2312(2016)

on renewal for 12 months of the authorizations as set out in paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 of resolution 2240 (2015) concerning migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya

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S/RES/2298 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2298(2016) on destruction of Libya's chemical weapons

S/RES/2292 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2292(2016) on inspection of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya

S/RES/2291 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2291(2016)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Dec. 2016

S/RES/2278 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2278(2016) on extension of the authorizations provided by and the measures imposed by resolution 2146 (2014) and on extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts concerning Libya until 31 July 2017

S/RES/2273 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2273(2016) extends UNSMIL's mandate until 15 June 2016

S/RES/2259 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2259(2015) on the situation in Libya welcoming signing of Libyan Political Agreement on new government for strifetorn country

S/RES/2240 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2240(2015)

on migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya

S/RES/2238 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2238(2015) on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Mar. 2016

S/RES/2214 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2214(2015)

on threats to peace and security caused by terrorist acts by Al-Qaida and associated groups operating in Libya

S/RES/2213 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2213(2015)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2015

S/RES/2208 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2208(2015) on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 31 Mar. 2015

S/RES/2174 (2014): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2174(2014) on the situation in Libya

S/RES/2146 (2014): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2146(2014) on measures imposed to vessels illicitly exporting oil from Libya

S/RES/2144 (2014): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2144(2014) renewal of the mandate of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 13 March 2015

S/RES/2095 (2013): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2095(2013)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) for a period of 12 months

S/RES/2040 (2012): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2040(2012) on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) for a further period of 12 months

S/RES/2022 (2011): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2022(2011) on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 16 March 2012

S/RES/2017 (2011): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2017(2011)

on measures to prevent the proliferation of all arms and related materiel of all types in Libya

S/RES/2016 (2011): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2016(2011)

on termination of the provisions of paras. 4, 5 and 6 to 12 of Security Council resolution 1973 (2011) concerning Libya

S/RES/2009 (2011): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2009(2011) on the establishment of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL)

S/RES/1973 (2001): http://undocs.org/S/RES/1973(2011) on the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

S/RES/1970 (2011): http://undocs.org/S/RES/1970(2011) on the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

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S/2021/229 (8 March 2021): Letter dated 8 March 2021 from the Panel of Experts on Libya Established pursuant to Resolution 1973 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council: https://undocs.org/S/2021/229 Transmits final report of the Panel.

S/2021/110 (4 February 2021): Letter dated 4 February 2021 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2021/110 Informs that the Secretary-General's letter dated 29 Dec. 2020 (S/2020/1309) transmitting his interim report on proposed ceasefire monitoring arrangements in Libya has been brought to the attention of the members of the Security Council and requests the establishment and deployment of an advance team to Libya as proposed in para. 45 of the report.

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S/2021/70 (22 January 2021): Letter dated 21 January 2021 from the Permanent Representative of Libya to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: https://undocs.org/S/2021/70 Transmits letter dated 20 Jan. 2020 from the President addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council concerning Libya's request for support and technical assistance to conduct national general elections, to be held on 24 Dec. 2021.

S/2021/62 (19 January 2021): United Nations Support Mission in Libya: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2021/62

Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolutions 2542 (2020) and 2510 (2020); covers political, security-related and economic developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of the Mission since the report of 25 Aug. 2020 (S/2020/832) and the interim report of 30 Dec. 2020 (S/2020/1309).

S/2020/1309 (30 December 2020): Letter dated 29 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/1309 Submits, pursuant to para. 5 of Security Council resolution 2510 (2020) and para. 4 of resolution 2542 (2020), interim report on the possible role of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) in providing scalable ceasefire support.

S/2020/1256 (31 December 2020): Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/1256 Transmits report of the Committee's activities for 2020.

S/2020/1043 (27 October 2020): Letter dated 27 October 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/1043 Transmits copy of the agreement for a complete and permanent ceasefire in Libya, signed in Geneva on 23 Oct. 2020.

S/2020/887 (15 September 2020): Letter dated 3 September 2020 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/887 Report by the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya

S/2020/876 (2 September 2020): Implementation of resolution 2437 (2018) : report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2020/876 Submitted pursuant to para. 3 of Security Council resolution 2491 (2019); covers developments since the previous report of 6 Apr. 2020 (S/2020/275) until 20 Aug. 2020.

S/2020/575 (25 June 2020): Letter dated 23 June 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/575

Transmits paper outlining the elements of the Cairo Declaration, proposed at a meeting between the Speaker of the Libyan Parliament and the Commander of the Libyan National Army, hosted by Egypt's President in Cairo, 6 June 2020.

S/2020/417 (19 May 2020): Letter dated 19 May 2020 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/417

Transmits periodic report to the Security Council prepared in accordance with para. 24 (e) of resolution 1970 (2011), covering the period from 30 Jan.-19 May 2020.

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S/2020/393 (15 May 2020): Implementation of resolution 2473 (2019) : report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2020/393 S/2020/275 (6 April 2020): Implementation of resolution 2437 (2018): report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2020/275 Submitted pursuant to para. 3 of Security Council resolution 2491 (2019); covers developments since the previous report of 5 Sept. 2019 (S/2019/711) until 20 Mar. 2020.

S/2020/157 (3 March 2020): Letter dated 27 February 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Libya to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/157 Transmits letters from the President of the Libyan House of Representatives and the Head of the High Council of State, dated 25 and 26 Feb. 2020 respectively, regarding the political dialogue to be held in Geneva at the end of Mar. 2020.

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S/2020/63 (22 January 2020): Letter dated 22 January 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Germany to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/63 Transmits conclusions of the Berlin Conference on Libya, adopted on 19 Jan. 2020, and operationalization paper by the United Nations Support Mission in Libya to implement the conclusions.

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S/2020/41 (15 January 2020): United Nations Support Mission in Libya: Report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2020/41 S/2019/972 (20 December 2019): Letter dated 20 December 2019 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/972 Transmits report of the Committee's activities for 2019.

S/2019/914 (9 December 2019): Letter dated 29 November 2019 from the Panel of Experts on Libya Established pursuant to Resolution 1973 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/914 Transmits final report of the Panel.

S/2019/794 (8 October 2019): Letter dated 4 October 2019 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/794 Transmits letter from the Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union Commission forwarding a communiqué on the situation in Libya, adopted by the Peace and Security Council at its 883rd meeting, held in New York, 27 Sept. 2019.

S/2019/711 (5 September 2019): Implementation of resolution 2437 (2018): report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2019/711 Covers developments since the previous report of 31 Aug. 2018 (S/2018/807) until 31 Aug. 2019.

S/2019/682 (26 August 2019): United Nations Support Mission in Libya: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2019/682 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2434 (2018); covers political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of the Mission since the report of 7 Jan. 2019 (S/2019/19).

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S/2019/380 (10 May 2019): Implementation of resolution 2420 (2018): report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2019/380 S/2019/340 (25 April 2019): Letter dated 23 April 2019 from the Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/340 Transmits communiqué issued at the conclusion of the summit of the Troika and the Committee on Libya of the African Union, held in Cairo, 23 Apr. 2019.

S/2019/19 (7 January 2019): United Nations Support Mission in Libya: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2019/19 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2434 (2018); covers political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of the Mission since the report of 24 Aug. 2018 (S/2018/780).

S/2018/1176 (31 December 2018): Letter dated 28 December 2018 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/1176 Transmits report of the Committee's activities for 2018.

S/2018/1139 (20 December 2018): Letter dated 14 December 2018 from the Permanent Representatives of Peru, Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/1139 Transmits summary of the meeting of the Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security on Libya, held on 28 Nov. 2018.

S/2018/1067 (4 December 2018): Letter dated 29 November 2018 from the Chargé d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of the Sudan to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/1067

Transmits concluding statement of the meeting of the ministers for foreign affairs of Libya's neighbouring States, held in Khartoum, 29 Nov. 2018.

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S/2018/881 (1 October 2018): Letter dated 28 September 2018 from the Permanent Representatives of Peru, Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/881 Transmits summary note of the meeting of the Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security on Libya, held on 13 Apr. 2018.

S/2018/812 (5 September 2018): Letter dated 5 September 2018 from the Panel of Experts on Libya Established pursuant to Resolution 1973 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/812 and http://undocs.org/S/2018/812/Corr.1 Transmits final report of the Panel.

S/2018/807 (31 August 2018): Implementation of resolution 2380 (2017): report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/807 Covers developments since the previous report of 7 Sept. 2017 (S/2017/761) until 31 Aug. 201

S/2018/780 (24 August 2018): United Nations Support Mission in Libya: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/780 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2376 (2017); covers political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of the Mission since the report of 7 May 2018 (S/2018/429).

S/2018/526 (11 June 2018): Letter dated 1 June 2018 from the Chargé d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/526 Transmits joint statement adopted at a conference for the Libyan parties, held in Paris, 29 May 2018.

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S/2018/451 (11 May 2018): Implementation of resolution 2357 (2017): report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/451 S/2018/429 (7 May 2018): United Nations Support Mission in Libya: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/429 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2376 (2017); covers political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of the Mission since the report of 12 Feb. 2018 (S/2018/140).

S/2018/140 (12 February 2018): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2018/140 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2376 (2017); covers political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of the Mission since the report of 22 Aug. 2017 (S/2017/726).

S/2018/87 (2 February 2018): Letter dated 1 February 2018 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/87 Transmits note by the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons reporting the completion by Libya of the destruction of its chemical weapons stockpiles.

S/2018/13 (4 January 2018): Letter dated 4 January 2018 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/13

Transmits report dated 22 Dec. 2017 of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory, covering the period 23 Nov.-22 Dec. 2017. o

S/2017/1086 (29 December 2017): Letter dated 20 December 2017 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/1086 Transmits report of the Committee's activities for 2017.

S/2017/1094 (22 December 2017): Letter dated 12 December 2017 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/1094 Transmits report of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory; covers the period from 23 Oct.-22 Nov. 2017.

S/2017/906 (1 November 2017): Letter dated 25 October 2017 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/906

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Transmits report dated 23 Oct. 2017 of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory, covering the period 23 Sept.-22 Oct. 2017. o

S/2017/832 (4 October 2017): Letter dated 3 October 2017 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/832 Transmits report dated 25 Sept. 2017 of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory, covering the period 23 Aug.-22 Sept. 2017

S/2017/765 (8 September 2017): Letter dated 7 September 2017 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/765 Transmits report dated 23 Aug. 2017 of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory, covering the period 23 July-22 Aug. 2017.

S/2017/761 (7 September 2017): Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolution 2312 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/2017/761

Submitted pursuant to para. 15 of Security Council resolution 2312 (2016); covers developments since the previous report, of 7 Sept. 2016 (S/2016/766), until 31 Aug. 2017. o

S/2017/726 (22 August 2017): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2017/726 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2323 (2016); covers political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of the Mission since the report of 4 Apr. 2017 (S/2017/283)

S/2017/694 (9 August 2017): Letter dated 8 August 2017 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/694

Transmits report dated 24 July 2017 of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory, covering the period 23 June-22 July 2017. o

S/2017/622 (26 July 2017): Letter dated 20 July 2017 from the Chargé d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/622 Transmits statement delivered on 15 July 2017 by the President of the Presidency Council of the Government of National Accord to the Libyan people, presenting an initiative for a road map.

S/2017/607 (14 July 2017): Letter dated 11 July 2017 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/607 Transmits report dated 23 June 2017 of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory, covering the period 23 May-22 June 2017.

S/2017/470 (1 June 2017): Letter dated 31 May 2017 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/470 Transmits report of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory; covers the period from 23 Apr. 2017-22 May 2017.

S/2017/466 (1 June 2017): Letter dated 1 June 2017 from the Panel of Experts on Libya Established pursuant to Resolution 1973 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/466 Transmits final report of the work of the Panel of Experts.

S/2017/401 (5 May 2017): Letter dated 5 May 2017 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/401 Transmits report dated 24 Apr. 2017 of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory; covers the period from 23 Mar.-22 Apr. 2017.

S/2017/283 (4 April 2017): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2017/283 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2323 (2016); covers political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of the Mission since the report of 1 Dec. 2016 (S/2016/1011).

S/2017/269 (30 March 2017): Letter dated 29 March 2017 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/269

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Transmits report dated 23 Mar. 2017 of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory; covers the period from 23 Feb.-22 Mar. 2016. o

S/2017/197 (7 March 2017): Letter dated 7 March 2017 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/197 Transmits report dated 24 Feb. 2017 of the Director-General

of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory; covers the period from 23 Jan.-22 Feb. 2016. o

S/2017/155 (28 February 2017): Identical letters dated 22 February 2017 from the Permanent Representatives of Algeria, Egypt and Tunisia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/155 Transmits Tunis Ministerial Declaration to Support a Comprehensive Political Solution in Libya, adopted by Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, the African Union and the Arab League on 20 Feb. 2017.

S/2017/84 (1 February 2017): Letter dated 24 January 2017 from the Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/84 Transmits final communiqué of the 10th ministerial meeting of Libya's neighbouring countries, held in Cairo, 21 Jan. 2017.

S/2016/1014 (1 December 2016): Letter dated 1 December 2016 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/1014

Transmits report of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory, covering the period 20 Oct.-20 Nov. 2016.

S/2016/1011 (1 December 2016): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2016/1011 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2291 (2016); covers major political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights situation and outlines the activities of UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) since the report of 16 May 2016 (S/2016/452).

S/2016/943 (8 Nov. 2016): Letter dated 8 November 2016 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/943 Other Title: Status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining Category 2 chemical weapons outside the territory of Libya Transmits two reports, dated 26 Sept. and 26 Oct. 2016, of the Director-General of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the status of implementation of the plan for the destruction of Libya's remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside its territory, covering the period 19 Aug.-19 Sept. and 20 Sept.-20 Oct. 2016.

S/2016/766 (7 September 2016): Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolution 2240 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/2016/766 Submitted pursuant to para. 18 of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015); provides an update on major developments since the date of adoption of the resolution (9 Oct. 2015) until 31 Aug. 2016.

S/2016/627 (18 July 2016): Report of the Secretary-General on the threat posed to Libya and neighbouring countries, including off the coast of Libya, by foreign terrorist fighters recruited by or joining Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da'esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities: http://undocs.org/S/2016/627 Submitted pursuant to para. 12 of Security Council resolution 2292 (2016).

S/2016/452 (16 May 2016): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2016/452 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2273 (2016) of 15 Mar. 2016; covers major political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and outlines the activities of UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) since the Secretary-General's report of 25 Feb. 2016 (S/2016/182).

S/2016/209 (9 March 2016): Letter dated 4 March 2016 from the Panel of Experts on Libya Established Pursuant to Resolution 1973 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/209 In accordance with para. 24(d) of resolution 2213 (2015), transmits final report of the Panel of Experts on Libya Established Pursuant to Resolution 1973 (2011).

S/2016/182 (25 February 2016): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2016/182

Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2238 (2015) of 10 Sept. 2015; covers major political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights and humanitarian situation and

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outlines the activities of UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) since the Secretary-General's report of 13 Aug. 2015 (S/2015/624). o

S/2015/994 (31 December 2015): Letter dated 9 December 2015 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2015/994 Transmits report of the Committee's activities from 1 Jan.-31 Dec. 2015.

S/2015/624 (13 August 2015): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2015/624 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2213 (2015) of 27 Mar. 2015; covers major political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights situation and outlines the activities of UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) since the Secretary-General's report of 26 Feb. 2015 (S/2015/144).

S/2015/299 (29 April 2015): Letter dated 29 April 2015 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2015/299

Refers to Security Council resolution 2213 (2015) extending the mandate of the Panel of Experts on Libya; provides the names of the experts appointed to serve on the Panel.

o o o

S/2015/144 (26 February 2015): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2015/144 S/2015/128 (23 February 2015): Final report of the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011) concerning Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2015/128 S/2015/113 (13 February 2015): Special report of the Secretary-General on the strategic assessment of the United Nations presence in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2015/113 S/2014/653 (5 September 2014): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2014/653

Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2144 (2014) of 14 Mar. 2014; covers major political and security developments, provides an overview of the human rights situation and outlines the activities of UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) since the Secretary-General's report of 26 Feb. 2014 (S/2014/131).

o o o

S/2014/106 (19 February 2014): Note [transmitting final report of the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011) concerning Libya]: http://undocs.org/S/2014/106 S/2014/131 (26 February 2014): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2014/131 S/2013/516 (5 September 2013): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2013/516 S/2013/99 (9 March 2013): Note [transmitting final report of the Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011) concerning Libya]: http://undocs.org/S/2013/163 S/2013/104 (21 February 2013): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2013/104 S/2012/675 (30 August 2012): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2012/675 S/2012/163 (20 March 2012): Note [transmitting final report of the Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011) concerning Libya]: http://undocs.org/S/2013/163

Annexes (p. 54-79): 1. List of institutions and individuals consulted -- 2. List of individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by resolutions 1970 (2011) and 1973 (2011) -- 3. General National Maritime Transportation Company, ownership documents -- 4. Shipping documents and pictures related to materiel held in Malta -- 5. Rebuttal from the State of Qatar -- 6. Overflight map -- 7. Log of outgoing communications of the Panel of Experts -- 8. Letter dated 16 March 2012 from the Coordinator of the Panel of Experts addressed to the President of the Security Council.

o o

S/2012/129 (1 March 2012): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2012/129 S/2012/42 (18 January 2012): Report of the assessment mission on the impact of the Libyan crisis on the Sahel region - 7 to 23 December 2011: http://undocs.org/S/2012/42 S/2011/727 (22 November 2011): Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Libya: http://undocs.org/S/2011/727

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General Assembly •

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Member States vote to reinstate Libya as member of UN Human Rights Council (UN News Centre Story, 18 November 2011): https://news.un.org/en/story/2011/11/395392-member-states-vote-reinstate-libyamember-un-human-rights-council o A/RES/66/11 (18 November 2011): Restoration of the rights of membership of Libya in the Human Rights Council: http://undocs.org/A/RES/66/11 After much wrangling, General Assembly seats National Transitional Council of Libya as Country’s Representative for Sixty-Sixth Session (Press Release GA/11137, 16 September 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/ga11137.doc.htm General Assembly suspends Libya from Human Rights Council (Press Release GA/11050, 1 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/ga11050.doc.htm o A/RES/65/265 (1 March 2011): Suspension of the rights of membership of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in the Human Rights Council: http://undocs.org/A/RES/65/265

Human Rights Council • • •

A/HRC/RES/43/39: Technical assistance and capacity-building to improve human rights in Libya : resolution / adopted by the Human Rights Council on 22 June 2020: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/RES/43/39 Human Rights Council holds interactive dialogue on the situation of human rights in Libya (18 June 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25975 A/HRC/43/75 (23 Jan. 2020): Situation of human rights in Libya, and the effectiveness of technical assistance and capacity-building measures received by the Government of Libya: report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/43/75 Submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 40/27, covers the period Jan-Dec. 2019. Prepared in cooperation with the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).

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A/HRC/40/46 (4 February 2019): Situation of human rights in Libya, including the implementation of technical assistance and capacity-building and efforts to prevent and ensure accountability for violations and abuses of human rights : report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/40/46 Submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 37/41, covers the period 1 Jan.-31 Dec. 2018. Prepared in cooperation with the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).

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A/HRC/37/46 (21 February 2018): Situation of human rights in Libya, and the effectiveness of technical assistance and capacity-building measures received by the Government of Libya: report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/37/46 Submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 34/38, covers the period 1 Jan.-31 Dec. 2017. Prepared in cooperation with the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).

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A/HRC/34/42 (13 January 2017): Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Libya, including on the effectiveness of technical assistance and capacity-building measures received by the Government of Libya: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/34/42 Submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 31/27; prepared in cooperation with the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL)

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A/HRC/31/47 (15 February 2016): Investigation by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on Libya: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/31/47 Submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 28/30. The present report should be read in conjunction with the conference room paper containing the detailed findings of the investigation (A/HRC/31/CRP.3).

A/HRC/31/CRP.3 (15 February 2016): Investigation by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on Libya: detailed findings http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/A_HRC_31_CRP_3.pdf

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To be read in conjunction with the report of the investigation of OHCHR on Libya (A/HRC/31/47). Annexes (p. 89-95): 1. Map of Libya -- 2. Indicative mapping of security and armed groups associated with Operation Dignity and Libya Dawn as at 2014 -- 3. Priority areas for strengthening the justice sector.

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A/HRC/28/51 (12 January 2015): Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Libya and on related technical support and capacity-building needs: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/28/51 Submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 25/37; prepared in cooperation with the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL)

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A/HRC/19/68 (28 January 2014): Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Libya: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/19/68 A/HRC/17/44 (12 January 2012): Report of the International Commission of Inquiry to investigate all alleged violations of international human rights law in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/17/44 Annexes (p. 71-78): 1. Programme of work of the International Commission of Inquiry on Libya -- 2. Glossary of terms -- 3. Members States and organizations that submitted information to the International Commission of Inquiry.

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15th Special Session on the "Situation of human rights in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya"25 February 2011: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/SpecialSessions/Session15/ Pages/15thSpecialSession.aspx

Selected Statements and Speeches by UN Officials • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Commending House of Representatives in Libya for endorsing interim government, SecretaryGeneral encourages cooperation to fully implement ceasefire (SG/SM/20618, 10 March 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20618.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes Libya Political Dialogue Forum’s selection of Temporary Executive Authority, calls upon all parties to respect Tunis Road Map (SG/SM/20572, 5 February 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20572.doc.htm Note to Correspondents: Acting Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Libya Stephanie Williams remarks following the closing of the vote on the new executive authority of the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (5 February 2021): https://bit.ly/314sXk9 Secretary-General hails ‘constructive’ talks of Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (SG/SM/20540, 18 January 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20540.doc.htm Secretary-General urges Libyan Dialogue parties to bridge partisanship, says future ‘Is now in your hands’ (SG/SM/20400, 9 November 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20400.doc.htm Secretary-General, at High-Level Event on Libya, urges parties to seize “rare” opportunity for advancing peace, resolving crisis (SG/SM/20310, 5 October 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm2031.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes calls for ceasefire, end to hostilities in Libya (SG/SM/20217, 21 August 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20217.doc.htm Negotiated solution in Libya crucial as foreign interference grows, thousands flee homes, Secretary-General warns Security Council, stressing time ‘Not on Our Side’ (SG/SM/20166, 8 July 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20166.doc.htm Deeply shocked by discovery of multiple mass graves in Libya, Secretary-General calls for thorough, transparent investigation (SG/SM/20123, 12 June 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20123.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns continued attacks on medical facilities in Libya (SG/SM/20037, 7 April 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20037.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes openness to Libyan humanitarian pause amid COVID-19 global pandemic (SG/SM/20017, 21 March 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20017.doc.htm Secretary-General strongly condemns indiscriminate bombing in Libya (SG/SM/19988, 29 February 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm19988.doc.htm Foreign powers fuelling Libya conflict, Secretary-General tells African Union Session, stressing arms embargo violations ‘are nothing short of a scandal’ (SG/SM/19963, 8 February 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm19963.doc.htm Secretary-General's remarks at joint press encounter with German Chancellor Angela Merkel following Libya Conference (Berlin, Germany, 19 January 2020): https://bit.ly/3738v6G

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Secretary-General urges immediate action to avert full-scale civil war in Libya, warning about risk of regional escalation, at international conference (SG/SM/19942, 19 January 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm19942.doc.htm Libya: Tens of thousands of children at risk amidst violence and chaos of unrelenting conflict Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore (17 January 2020): https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/libya-tens-thousands-children-risk-amidst-violence-andchaos-unrelenting-conflict Secretary-General renews call for immediate ceasefire, return to dialogue in Libya (SG/SM/19927, 3 January 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm19927.doc.htm Oral update of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on Libya pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 40/27, 42nd session of the Human Rights Council, Address by Kate Gilmore, Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights (25 September 2019): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25048 Note to Correspondents on Libya, 13 August 2019: https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/notecorrespondents/2019-08-13/note-correspondents-libya Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Libya (10 August 2019): https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2019-08-10/statement-attributable-thespokesman-for-the-secretary-general-libya-0 Security Council Briefing on the Situation in Libya, Assistant Secretary-General Bintou Keita, 10 August 2019: https://dppa.un.org/en/security-council-briefing-situation-libya-assistant-secretarygeneral-bintou-keita Secretary-General saddened by migrant deaths after boats capsize off Libya Coast (SG/SM/19679REF/1262, 26 July 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19679.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns killing of migrants, refugees in Libya air strikes, noting United Nations gave warring parties detention centre’s coordinates (SG/SM/19652, 3 July 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19652.doc.htm Attack on Libyan migrant detention centre, Statement by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet (3 July 2019): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24784 Grave concerns for trapped civilians in Libya – Bachelet (30 April 2019): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24535 Libya: Attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure may amount to war crimes, Bachelet warns (9 April 2019): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24462 Secretary-General condemns military escalation, ongoing fighting in Libya (SG/SM/19539, 8 April 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19539.doc.htm Oral update of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on Libya pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 37/41, 40th session of the Human Rights Council, Address by Andrew Gilmour, Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights, 21 March 2019: https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24397 Secretary-General welcomes agreement by rival parties in Libya on need to hold general elections, foster unity (SG/SM/19482, 1 March 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19482.doc.htm Libya: “The resilience of people is astonishing despite 7 years of conflict, international community must increase support” – Deputy Humanitarian Chief (19 December 2018): https://www.unocha.org/story/libya-%E2%80%9C-resilience-people-astonishing-despite-7-yearsconflict-international-community-must Secretary-General alarmed by increasing number of ceasefire violations in Libya (SG/SM/19228, 21 September 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19228.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns continuing escalation of violence in Libya, deadly indiscriminate shelling by armed groups (SG/SM/19187, 1 September 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19187.doc.htm Concerned by developments in Libya's ‘Oil Crescent’ region, Secretary-General calls for deescalation, return of natural resources (SG/SM/19115, 27 June 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19115.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes Political Declaration on Libya as ‘significant’ step forward in country’s transition (SG/SM/19058, 29 May 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19058.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns deadly terrorist attack in Libya (SG/SM/19016, 2 May 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19016.doc.htm Assistant-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, Ms. Ursula Mueller Opening Remarks at Member State briefing on the humanitarian situation in Libya (5 February 2018): https://reliefweb.int/node/2467039

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Secretary-General condemns double bombing in Libya (SG/SM/18868, 24 January 2018): http://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm18868.doc.htm World has no place for slavery, stresses Secretary-General, horrified by reports of African migrants sold as slaves in Libya (SG/SM/18791-HR/5375, 20 November 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18791.doc.htm UN human rights chief: Suffering of migrants in Libya outrage to conscience of humanity (14 November 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22393 Statement by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein at the end of visit to Libya (12 October 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22228 Oral update of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on Libya pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 34/38, Human Rights Council – 36th session, Address by Ms. Kate Gilmore, United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights (27 September 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22170 Launching strategy to end protracted Libya crisis, Secretary-General says United Nations will increase in-country presence (SG/SM/18707, 20 September 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18707.doc.htm Returned migrants are being robbed, raped and murdered in Libya: Opinion by By Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (8 September 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22039 Deeply concerned by military escalation in Libya following attack on air base, Secretary-General calls upon all parties to exercise restraint (SG/SM/18526, 20 May 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18526.doc.htm Senior UN official urges Libya to protect migrants from conflict-related sexual violence (UN News Centre, 7 February 2017): https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56122 Secretary-General welcomes removal of chemical weapons precursors from Libya (SG/SM/18045AFR/3446-DC/3655, 8 September 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18045.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes arrival of Libya’s Presidency Council in Tripoli, calls on all actors to respect people’s aspirations for peace (SG/SM/17641-AFR/3354, 31 March 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17641.doc.htm Secretary-General hails ministers’ nomination for Libya’s Government of National Accord as important step towards resolving crisis (SG/SM/17473-AFR/3308, 19 January 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17473.doc.htm Condemning deadly attacks in Libya, Secretary-General says unity best way to ‘confront terrorism in all its forms’ (SG/SM/17444-AFR/3298, 7 January 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17444.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes signing of Libyan Political Agreement as critical step towards building democratic state (SG/SM/17426-AFR/3292, 17 December 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17426.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes proposal of nominees for Presidency Council of Libyan Government of National Accord (SG/SM/17201-AFR/3237, 8 October 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17201.doc.htm Secretary-General urges swift signing of Libyan political agreement to end current crisis, pledges continued United Nations support (SG/SM/17189-AFR/3233, 6 October 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17189.doc.htm At High-Level Event on Libya, Secretary-General urges all stakeholders to accept political road map, answer people’s demands for peace, human rights, stability (SG/SM/17177, 2 October 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17177.doc.htm Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen are ‘Our Common Concern’, Secretary-General tells Security Council, urges collective efforts to fight terrorism (SG/SM/17159-SC/12065, 30 September 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17159.doc.htm Security Council briefing on the situation in Libya, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Libya Bernardino Leon (15 July 2015): http://www.un.org/undpa/speeches-statements/15072015/libya Condemning bombing attacks in Libya, Secretary-General stresses political solution must be found quickly to restore peace, confront terrorism (SG/SM/16544-AFR/3082, 20 February 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16544.doc.htm Zeid urges Libyans to oppose extremism after “vile” murder of Coptic Christians (17 February 2015): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15576 Condemning killing of Egyptians in Libya, Secretary-General calls ongoing dialogue in country ‘best chance’ towards overcoming crisis, confronting terrorism (SG/SM/16535-AFR/3079, 16 February 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16535.doc.htm

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Zeid urges Libyans to oppose extremism after “vile” murder of Coptic Christians (17 February 2015): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15576 Condemning attack on hotel in Tripoli, Secretary-General says ‘terrorism has no place in the new Libya’ (SG/SM/16492-AFR/3061, 28 January 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16492.doc.htm Deeply concerned by escalation of violence in Libya, Secretary-General urges all Libyans to ‘Take the brave decisions necessary to spare their country’ (SG/SM/16372-AFR/3028, 25 November 2014): http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sgsm16372.doc.htm UN rights chief Zeid condemns attacks on human rights defenders in Libya (Press release, 14 October 2014): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15168 All Libyans must feel represented, Secretary-General says in Tripoli, calling for effective ceasefire, good governance, inclusive political dialogue (SG/SM/16249, 11 October 2014): http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sgsm16249.doc.htm ‘Libya is in deep crisis,’ Secretary-General tells High-level Meeting, urging swift compromises with complete ceasefire, peace agreement (SG/SM/16202-AFR/2975, 25 September 2014): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2014/sgsm16202.doc.htm Secretary-General, concerned at increased violence in Libya, urges restraint, respect for sacrifices made to establish state-based rule of law (SG/SM/16019-AFR/2932, 14 July 2014): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2014/sgsm16019.doc.htm Secretary-General, congratulating Libya on Parliamentary Elections, voices concern over continuing violence, assassination of human rights defender (SG/SM/15977-AFR/2918, 26 June 2014): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2014/sgsm15977.doc.htm Secretary-General stresses importance of timely elections in Libya on 25 June (SG/SM/15939AFR/2911, 12 June 2014): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2014/sgsm15939.doc.htm Deeply concerned by growing military mobilization in Tripoli, Secretary-General urges all parties not to undermine democratic transition (SG/SM/15880-AFR/2901, 24 May 2014): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2014/sgsm15880.doc.htm Secretary-General ‘relieved’ by Prime Minister’s release in Libya, reiterates condemnation of abduction (SG/SM/15385-AFR/2718, 10 October 2013): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2013/sgsm15385.doc.htm Alarmed by fighting in Bani Walid, Secretary-General calls on all Libyan authorities to immediately launch process to peacefully end stand-off (SG/SM/14598-AFR/2468, 22 October 2012): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2012/sgsm14598.doc.htm Secretary-General strongly condemns attack in Libya that killed four United States diplomats, welcomes pledge by Libyan Authorities to bring perpetrators to justice (SG/SM/14505-AFR/2439, 12 September 2012): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sgsm14505.doc.htm Secretary-General hails Libya’s ‘long march towards democracy’ as polls approach, urging every citizen to help build ‘a fully free and democratic state’ (SG/SM/14397-AFR/2411, 5 July 2012) : http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2012/sgsm14397.doc.htm Today, Libyans within reach of democratic future, UN ready to lend utmost support during transition, says Secretary-General on anniversary of revolution (SG/SM/14114-AFR/2338, 17 February 2012): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2012/sgsm14114.doc.htm Statement to the Security Council by Navi Pillay, High Commissioner for Human Rights [Libya] 25 January 2012, New York: http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11782 Secretary-General welcomes announcement of new Libyan Interim Government (SG/SM/13966AFR/2295, 23 November 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13966.doc.htm Pillay hails Libya arrests, urges humane treatment and fair trials (Press release, 21 November 2011): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11628 However deep Libyan anger at war crimes committed by former regime, interim government must persist to prevent acts of revenge, Secretary-General says (SG/SM/13936-GA/11173-AFR/2284, 10 November 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13936.doc.htm As Libya closes ‘painful, tragic chapter’, Secretary-General pays tribute to Libyan people’s courage, calls for unity to realize promise of future (SG/SM/13891-AFR/2269, 20 October 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13891.doc.htm Secretary-General formally welcomes ‘new’ Libya to its first major United Nations Meeting, noting new flag ‘flying so proudly outside building’ this morning (SG/SM/13816-AFR/2249, 20 September 2011):http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sgsm13816.doc.htm Secretary-General appoints Ian Martin of United Kingdom Special Representative, Georg Charpentier of Finland Deputy Special Representative for Libya (SG/A/1307-AFR/2247, 19 September 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sga1307.doc.htm

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Secretary-General, addressing Paris International Conference, stresses need to tackle immediate humanitarian challenge in Libya (SG/SM/13765-AFR/2238, 1 September 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sgsm13765.doc.htm Secretary-General, in Briefing to Security Council, calls for quick, decisive action to meet challenges facing Libya’s Transitional Authorities (SG/SM/13764-SC/10375-AFR/2237, 30 August 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13764.doc.htm Deputy Secretary-General, addressing African Union Peace and Security Council, stresses need for joint regional, UN efforts to ease Libya Transition (DSG/SM/569-AFR/2232, 26 August 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/dsgsm569.doc.htm Deputy Secretary-General spells out principles for post-conflict assistance in remarks to African Union High-Level Ad Hoc Committee on Libya (DSG/SM/568-AFR/2231, 26 August 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/dsgsm568.doc.htm Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon: Opening remarks at press encounter at UN Headquarters (22 August 2011): http://www.un.org/apps/news/infocus/sgspeeches/statments_full.asp?statID=1270 Concerned by upsurge in civilian casualties in Libya, Secretary-General calls on all parties to engage positively with Special Envoy to end bloodshed (SG/SM/13743-AFR/2223, 11 August 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13743.doc.htm ‘No military solution to crisis in Libya’, Secretary-General stresses in message, calling for lasting solution that addresses aspirations of Libyan people (SG/SM/13706-AFR/2211, 15 July 2011):http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13706.doc.htm Interview with the Special Envoy for Libya Abdel-Elah Al-Khatib (UN Newsmaker, 14 July 2011): http://www.un.org/apps/news/newsmakers.asp?NewsID=37 No ‘Quick Fix’ to Libya Crisis, says Secretary-General in message, declaring political solution remains top priority, for which efforts have intensified (SG/SM/13629-AFR/2190, 9 June 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13629.doc.htm Secretary-General, at Extraordinary African Summit on Security Issues, stresses need for continued attention to Côte d’Ivoire, Sudan, Somalia, Libya (SG/SM/13599-AFR/2187, 25 May 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13599.doc.htm Secretary-General, in message to Contact Group on Libya, stresses importance of Security Council Resolutions as framework for international action (SG/SM/13544-AFR/2170, 5 May 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13544.doc.htm Libya’s indiscriminate attacks on civilians in Misrata may be international crimes – Pillay (Media Centre, 20 April): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10954 In Cairo, Secretary-General says immediate international effort needed to address deteriorating, ‘grave’ humanitarian situation in Libya (SG/SM/13509-AFR/2164, 14 April 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13509.doc.htm Secretary-General, in Doha, says world community took decisive steps to protect civilians in Libya; Critical to act together as crisis continues (SG/SM/13508-AFR/2162, 13 April 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sgsm13508.doc.htm Expressing deep concern about Libyan civilians trapped in cities under military siege, SecretaryGeneral calls for end to indiscriminate use of military force (SG/SM/13499-AFR/2158, 7 April 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13499.doc.htm International community prevented bloodbath in Libya, but air operations alone will not resolve crisis, Secretary-General tells London Summit (SG/SM/13485-AFR/2152, 29 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13485.doc.htm Secretary-General, in First Report to Security Council on Libya Situation, tells of ‘strong diplomatic efforts’ by United Nations (SG/SM/13475-SC/10211-AFR/2150, 24 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13475.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns continuing use of force in Western Libya (SG/SM/13471-AFR/2149, 23 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13471.doc.htm Secretary-General, at Paris Meeting on Libya, urges speedy, decisive action while spelling out difficult questions facing international community (SG/SM/13461-AFR/2146, 21 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13461.doc.htm Secretary-General says Security Council action on Libya affirms international community’s determination to protect civilians from own government’s violence (SG/SM/13454-SC/10201AFR/2144, 18 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13454.doc.htm Those responsible for using military forces against civilians to be held accountable, warns Secretary-General as Special Envoy departs Libya (SG/SM/13449-AFR/2143, 16 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13449.doc.htm UNESCO Director-General condemns violence and intimidation of journalists in Libya (16 March 2011): http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/singleview/news/director_general_condemns_violence_and_intimidation_of_journalists_in_libya/

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Pillay condemns Libyan security forces violence against journalists (Media Centre, 10 March 2011): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10830 Concerned about civilian casualties in Libya, Secretary-General urges end to disproportionate use of force, safety for all foreigners (SG/SM/13429-AFR/2133, 7 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13429.doc.htm United Nations response to violence against civilians in Libya sends strong message; there is 'no impunity’ for crimes against humanity, Secretary-General says (SG/SM/13425-GA/11051AFR/2130, 1 March 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13425.doc.htm Today’s measures are tough, says Secretary-General of Security Council’s Resolution on Libya, but in days ahead, even bolder action may be needed (SG/SM/13420-SC/10188-AFR/2125, 26 February 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13420.doc.htm Situation of Human Rights in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Statement by Navy Pillay, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (25 February 2011): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/Media.aspx?IsMediaPage=true Secretary-General tells Security Council time to consider concrete action in Libya, as loss of time means more loss of lives (SG/SM/13418-SC/10186-AFR/2124, 25 February 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13418.doc.htm Outraged Secretary-General calls for immediate end to violence in Libya (SG/SM/13408-AFR/2119, 22 February 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sgsm13408.doc.htm Pillay calls for international inquiry into Libyan violence and justice for victims (22 February 2011): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10743 Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Francis Deng, and Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect, Edward Luck, on the Situation in Libya (22 February 2011): https://bit.ly/2MSsIW3

Selected UN Documents •

UN Member States on the Record – Libya https://library.un.org/unms?combine=libya UN Member States on the Record provides access to information about membership and statements of Member States at the UN.

Selected Articles in UN Journals • • • •

Behind the Scenes: Delicate Diplomatic Choreography for Libya Peace (Video, Politically Speaking, 15 December 2017): https://youtu.be/Xzq18T18CGI Step by Step, Action Plan for Successful Transition Takes Hold in Libya (Politically Speaking, 12 January 2017): http://un-dppa.tumblr.com/post/169588146714/step-bystep-action-plan-for-successful Reconciliation, Unity and Peace: Kobler’s Message to Libyans (Politically Speaking, 22 September 2016): http://un-dppa.tumblr.com/post/150779418574/ reconciliation-unity-and-peace-koblers-message Towards a Political Solution in Libya: Stock-Taking (Politically Speaking, 4 June 2016): http://un-dppa.tumblr.com/post/145371694409/towards-a-political-solution-in-libya

Further Information •

Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 748 (1992) concerning the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Terminated pursuant to resolution 1506 (2003) of 12 September 2003) https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/repertoire/africa#cat22

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International Court of Justice (ICJ) o

Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United States of America) https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/89 Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United Kingdom) https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/88

Non-UN Sources •

Berlin Conference on Libya, 19 January 2020 (German Foreign Federal Office): https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/laenderinformationen/libyennode/berlin-libya-conference/2293008

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NATO and Libya (Archived) http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_71652.htm

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Security Council Report – Libya http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/libya/

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The New Humanitarian (formerly “IRIN News”) - Libya http://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/middle-east-and-north-africa/libya

15 March 2021 not an official document - for information only https://unric.org/en/unric-library-backgrounder-libya/