Appendix 2
• Selected characteristics of the final samples: Selected characteristics of the final samples drawn for each case are depicted in Tables A5, A6 and A7 and are further described here.29 Kosovo: Overall, and as seen in Table A5, 517 youth were surveyed in Kosovo, including 440 in areas where the Kosovo education system is running and 77 in areas where the Republic of Serbia education system is in place. The demographic breakdown falls along predicted lines for the sample as a whole, with roughly even numbers of male and female respondents participating and more youth in urban areas than those in rural areas. The average age of the respondents was 17, and about 66 per cent were between the ages of 13 and 18, while 34 per cent were 19 to 24. The majority were ethnic Albanians and many were ethnic Serbs who, as noted previously, were oversampled by approximately 75 per cent, to increase the amount of information from the Republic of Serbia education system areas. Less than 5 per cent were from other ethnic groups, reflecting recent demographic estimates. Over 40 per cent of respondents were displaced at some point in their lives. The vast majority of youth said they were currently living with an adult family member. Over three quarters were currently enrolled in school at the time of the survey. Approximately 61 per cent of youth reported secondary as the highest level of education they had attained. Another 27 per cent said primary, and 12 per cent said tertiary. Nearly 6 per cent permanently dropped out of school before completing primary or secondary education. Twenty-two per cent also said they currently had a job. Most youth have access to the four economic indicators surveyed, with those saying ‘yes’ ranging from 64 to 77 per cent. The characteristics highlighted in Table A5 varied along several lines according to the system area. As expected, Albanians in the majority live where the Kosovo education system runs, and Serbs in the majority live where the Republic of Serbia education system runs. While the proportions of males and females responding to the survey in the Kosovo education system are less than a percentage point apart, they are about 9 percentage points apart for Republic of Serbia education system respondents, the larger proportion being males. About 43 per cent of the Kosovo education system respondents have been or are still displaced, compared with approximately 26 per cent of Republic of Serbia system respondents. Most youth with displacement experience, however, have since returned home or been permanently resettled. A larger proportion of the Republic of Serbia education system area youth, about 86 per cent, are currently enrolled in school, compared with about 77 per cent of youth in Kosovo education system areas. A higher proportion of youth in the Republic of Serbia education system area say their highest level of education attainment was primary and tertiary, compared with Kosovo education system area youth, who report a higher proportion at the secondary level. Urban youth and those with secondary or tertiary education are more likely than their counterparts to say they have most of the economic indicators. Georgia: As seen in Table A6, 581 youth were surveyed in Georgia, of whom 296 are in urban areas, and 285 are in rural areas. The demographic breakdown falls along balanced lines for the sample as a whole, with roughly even numbers of male and female respondents participating, as well as urban and rural percentages. The average age of the respondents is between 18 and 19, with about 45 per cent of the sample between the ages of 13 and 18 and the remaining 55 per cent between 19 and 24. Nearly all of the respondents – over 90 per cent – are ethnic Georgians. Another 6 per cent are Azerbaijani, and nine ethnic groups make up the remainder of the sample. Less than 10 per cent of respondents claim that they or their parents have been displaced at some point in their lives. The vast majority of youth say they are currently living with an adult family member – more than 95 per cent of respondents. About two thirds say they are currently enrolled in school. Approximately 45 per cent of youth report secondary or professional as the highest level of education they have attained. Another 19 per cent report a primary or basic level of education, and 35 per cent tertiary. About 13 per cent say they have jobs, and between 6 and 7 per cent say they dropped out of primary or secondary school. Most youth say they have a bedroom and a cell phone of their own, while less than half have access to a home computer or have a family car. The characteristics highlighted in Table A6 vary along several lines according to whether the environment of reference is urban or rural. Females are slightly more represented in urban areas, where they account for 53 per cent of respondents. A larger proportion of urban respondents, (about 65 per cent), are currently enrolled in school, compared with youth in rural areas (at 58 per cent). A higher proportion of urban respondents say their highest level of education attainment is tertiary – about 42 per cent – compared with rural youth – 28 per cent. Youth in urban areas are two times more likely than youth in rural areas to have access to a home computer and are also more likely to have a cell phone. Tertiary-educated youth are also more likely to have access to a bedroom of their own, a home computer and a cell phone than youth with less education.
29
196
As also noted in Tables A5, A6 and A7, all of the numbers reported in this section represent data that have not been reweighted. All of the relationships reported, however, hold true when statistical tests are run using standardized, re-weighted data for Georgia and Tajikistan. However, more youth marriage appears to be taking place in rural areas than in urban areas in Tajikistan when analysed using standardized, re-weighted data (about 14 per cent of youth in rural areas, compared with 8 per cent of youth in urban areas, a statistically significant difference). Data reported in the ‘comparison of case studies’ section use standardized re-weighted data for Georgia and Tajikistan. All re-weighted figures were not obtained for Kosovo, and findings based on data that have not been re-weighted are presented throughout this report for Kosovo.
Demand for Education Innovation: Adolescent and youth perspectives on education quality in the CEECIS Region