Human Development Report 2013 The Rise of the South Human Progress in a Diverse World
Human Development Index (HDI)
Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
Gross national income (GNI) per capita
Value
(years)
(years)
(years)
(2005 PPP $)
HDI rank
2012
2012
2010a
2011b
2012
186 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 186 Niger Other countries or territories Korea, Democratic People’s Rep. of Marshall Islands Monaco Nauru San Marino Somalia South Sudan Tuvalu Human Development Index groups Very high human development High human development Medium human development Low human development Regions Arab States East Asia and the Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Least developed countries Small island developing states World
0.304 0.304
48.7 55.1
3.5 1.4
8.5 4.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
69.0 72.3 82.3 80.0 81.9 51.5 .. 67.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.905 0.758 0.640 0.466
80.1 73.4 69.9 59.1
0.652 0.683 0.771 0.741 0.558 0.475 0.449 0.648 0.694
71.0 72.7 71.5 74.7 66.2 54.9 59.5 69.8 70.1
Notes a Data refer to 2010 or the most recent year available. b Data refer to 2011 or the most recent year available. c Updated by HDRO based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012) data. d For the HDI calculation this value is capped at 18 years. e Based on cross-country regression. f Calculated by the Singapore Ministry of Education. g Assumes the same adult mean years of schooling as Switzerland before the most recent update.
n PPP estimate based on cross-country regression; projected growth rate based on ECLAC (2012) and UNDESA (2012c) projected growth rates. o Based on data from UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for 2002–2012. p Based on data on years of schooling of adults from household surveys in the World Bank’s International Income Distribution Database. q Based on an unpublished estimate of the PPP conversion rate from the World Bank and projected growth rates from UNESCWA (2012) and UNDESA (2012c).
h Estimated using the purchasing power parity (PPP) rate and the projected growth rate of Switzerland.
r Based on projected growth rates from UNDESA (2012c).
i Assumes the same adult mean years of schooling as Spain before the most recent update.
t Based on PPP data from IMF (2012).
j Estimated using the PPP rate and the projected growth rate of Spain.
DEFINITIONS
k Based on implied PPP conversion factors from IMF (2012). l Based on the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012) estimate of educational attainment distribution. m Based on projected growth rates by ADB (2012).
s Based on data from ICF Macro (2012).
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development—a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/ en/media/HDR_2013_EN_TechNotes.pdf for details on how the HDI is calculated.
GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank
Nonincome HDI Value
2012
2012
319 701
0 –4
0.404 0.313
.. 11.7 .. 9.3 12.5 2.4 .. 10.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
11.5 8.8 6.3 4.2
16.3 13.9 11.4 8.5
33,391 11,501 5,428 1,633
— — — —
0.927 0.781 0.661 0.487
6.0 7.2 10.4 7.8 4.7 4.7 3.7 7.3 7.5
10.6 11.8 13.7 13.7 10.2 9.3 8.5 10.7 11.6
8,317 6,874 12,243 10,300 3,343 2,010 1,385 5,397 10,184
— — — — — — — — —
0.658 0.712 0.801 0.770 0.577 0.479 0.475 0.673 0.690
Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant’s life.
Nonincome HDI: Value of the HDI computed from the life expectancy and education indicators only.
Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older, converted from educational attainment levels using official durations of each level.
Column 1: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2011), Barro and Lee (2011), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012), World Bank (2012a) and IMF (2012).
Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child’s life.
Column 2: UNDESA (2011).
Gross national income (GNI) per capita: Aggregate income of an economy generated by its production and its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of factors of production owned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using PPP rates, divided by midyear population. GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank: Difference in rankings by GNI per capita and by the HDI. A negative value means that the country is better ranked by GNI than by the HDI.
MAIN DATA SOURCES
Column 3: Barro and Lee (2011) and HDRO updates based on data on educational attainment from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012) and on methodology from Barro and Lee (2010). Column 4: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012). Column 5: HDRO calculations based on data from World Bank (2012a), IMF (2012) and UNSD (2012a). Column 6: Calculated based on data in columns 1 and 5. Column 7: Calculated based on data in columns 2, 3 and 4.
Table 1 Human Development Index and its components | 147