The Civil Scoop by Kyrstyn Haapala

THE CIVIL SCOOP www.d.umn.edu/civileng

The Department of Civil Engineering The University of Minnesota Duluth V O L U M E

Recent Faculty Research

Faculty and Student News

Meet a Few of New MS Students

In Print

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Inside Story

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New Graduate Program Arrives!

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The Master of Science (MS) in Civil Engineering Program started at UMD this fall. The MS Program is geared toward providing students with opportunities for in-depth learning of an area within civil engineering. At present two degree tracks are offered: (A) thesis research based curriculum and (B) project based curriculum. The thesis research option is focused for students having keen interest in research and trains them to continue on a path towards a doctorate. The project-based option focuses primarily on professional experience and helps student prepare for a career in a specialized field of civil engineering. At present, nine students are enrolled in the program; we are anticipating similar number of students to start in the spring of 2012. The program also allows for students who demonstrate academic excellence to follow the Integrated Undergraduate-Graduate (IUG)

From L-R: Mike Kleven, Linnea Johns, Matt Fournier, Chris Bruhn, Kyle Berg, Andrew Venaas, Justin Baker, Phil Koktan, Waylon Munch, and DGS Dr. Eshan Dave option which allows them to take an accelerated path towards MS degree. For more information about the graduate program please visit:

www.d.umn.edu/civileng/ grad/ or contact Dr. Eshan Dave, Director of Graduate Studies at evdave@umn.edu.

OUR MISSION The mission of the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Minnesota Duluth is to prepare graduates for professional practice and graduate study through a program firmly based in strong technical skills, fundamentals, hands-on learning, sustainability, and professionalism.

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A Message from the Department Head As we enter the 2011-2012 academic year, the excitement continues to build in anticipation of our first graduating class in May of 2012. We are expecting approximately 30 graduates in this first class with another 30 in December of 2012. Along with the first group of BSCE graduates we are expecting several MS (Master of Science) graduates in the first class as well. Our Master of Science program was approved by the Board of Regents late this summer and we already have 9 students in the program. The MS program has an Integrated Undergraduate-Graduate (IUG) option for the top UMD students that allows them to begin their MS coursework prior to completing the BS degree. They can also count up to 9 credits of graduate coursework to both their graduate and undergraduate degree (as technical electives in the BSCE). We are expecting strong enrollment in our MS program (both thesis option and project option). Please contact our Civil Engineering Director of Graduate Studies, Dr. Eshan Dave (evdave@d.umn.edu), if you are interested in the program. The project option MS is a great consideration for practicing engineers that are considering graduate studies. We are busily preparing for ABET accreditation of our program. ABET requires that a class has graduated prior to their visit, so we are preparing our report for submission in the summer of 2012 with the campus visit by the ABET team in fall of 2012. After receiving accreditation, the first graduating class will be grandfathered in as holding a degree from an ABET accredited institution. The students had another impressive performance at the American Concrete Institute competition – look for details in this newsletter. UMD was also represented well at the opening ceremonies with 2 of the 8 national fellowship winners coming from our program and the top dollar amount fellowship going to a UMD student. Our students are building an impressive reputation for UMD CE before we’ve even graduated a student! Enjoy this issue of “The Civil Scoop,” Andrea

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Recent Faculty Research Dr. Carlos Carranza-Torres

Rock Testing for proposed Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) system in abandoned mine pits of the Mesabi Iron Range

Since June 2010 the Natural Resource Research Institute (NRRI) is conducting a research project entitled "Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) Using Abandoned Mine Pits on the Mesabi Iron Range of Minnesota" in collaboration with other research groups, including the Department of Civil Engineering at UMD. The project, which is funded by the Initiative on Renewable Energy and the Environment Institute, seeks to evaluate the feasibility of using abandoned open pit mines in the Mesabi Iron Range to emplace a closed waterstorage system capable of pumping up water from a lower level reservoir into an upper level reservoir during times of low electricity demand, and of generating electricity as traditional hydroelectric schemes do (i.e., circulating water from upper to lower level reservoirs) during times of peak electricity demand. The PHES research project is quite multi-disciplinary in nature, and among other important aspects of the project is the issue of assessing the

physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock mass that would serve as potential host of excavated infrastructure, such as penstocks, power house and other hydropower systems foundation. A first step in the physical and mechanical characterization of rock mass consists in analyzing diamond drilled core of rock layers in the Iron Range. For example, the map in this page shows the location of open pits (in black) and exploration holes (in red) in the Mesabi Iron Range that have been analyzed/logged previously from a geology standpoint by NRRI (see caption of the figure). As part of the PHES research project, core of drill hole LWD99-1 (R17W), with a length of approximately 1300 feet (or 394 meters), has been analyzed from physical and mechanical standpoints. The analysis has involved defining geotechnical units (i.e., rock with similar physical/mechanical behavior) along the total length of core, determining values of RQD, or Rock Quality Designation (ASTM D6032), with the purpose of

characterizing the rock mass in terms of 'excavability' quality. In addition, measurements of bulk density and unit weight (ASTM C127) and 'nondestructive' measurements of Rock Hardness by Rebound Hammer Method (ASTM D5873) have been performed. Following ISRM (International Society of Rock Mechanics) suggestions, measured values of rock hardness and density have also been correlated to values of unconfined compressive strength and deformation modulus for the rock units. Some 'destructive' testing of the core has also been carried out with the intention of further characterizing the strength and deformability of the rock units. The project is underway and further rock physical and mechanical testing (including rock samples collected in the field) is expected to take place. Dr. Carranza-Torres, with assistance of some students, is carrying out the work on physical and mechanical characterization of rock.

Drill holes (in red) that have been logged as part of an NRRI research project, as summarized in the report 'Geologic and stratigraphic controls of the Biwabik Iron Formation and the aggregate potential of the Mesabi Iron Range, Minnesota', by Mark J. Severson, John J. Heine, and Marsha Meinders Patelke (report NRRI/TR-2009/09). The grid shown in the figure corresponds to the township and range system grid of the U.S. Public Land System.

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Dr. Katherine Acton Computational Solid Mechanics

A stress contour plot showing a material under load that develops random stress concentrations due to the heterogeneity of the microstructure.

Dr. Acton's research focus is in computational solid mechanics. Both engineered and real materials often exhibit random heterogeneity at the microscale, which causes variability the behavior of a structure on the macro-scale. Variability in macro-scale response must be understood in order to predict the likelihood of damage and

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failure in a structure. Multis c a l e mo d e l i n g a l l o w s information about the microscale characteristics of a structure to be taken into account in an analysis of the structure. In this way, numerical â&#x20AC;&#x153;experimentsâ&#x20AC;? are performed. This approach can ultimately replace or supplement experimental

testing, which may be destructive and expensive when repeated many times to generate statistics on the reliability of a structure. Dr. Acton's research goal is to develop techniques in multiscale computational modeling to predict the probability of structural damage and failure.

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Dr. Eshan Dave Research at UMD for Improving Asphalt Pavements

Yosemite Avenue in Duluth in its present state. This street will likely be first location where asphalt materials designed at UMD Civil Engineering will be tested

On an annual basis approximately $30 billion are expended on asphalt concrete with the majority of it used on rehabilitating existing pavement projects. The annual US aggregate demand is 1.2 billion tons at a cost of $11 billion. Furthermore, recent estimates have indicated that approximately 23 million tons of CO2 emissions are generated each year from asphalt concrete manufacture and paving operations. In order to improve the quality of pavements and to reduce the economic and environmental burden from continuous rehabilitation and repair of the pavement infrastructure, progress is needed in three main areas: (1) increasing performance of pavements through improved testing and design; (2) reducing cost of pavement rehabilitations by the use of superior materials; and (3) reducing environmental cost of pavement rehabilitations by use of alternative materials and sustainable technologies.

At UMD Civil Engineering, a series of projects are being undertaken to make progress on all of the above aspects. During the summer of 2011, research was conducted to develop a specialized asphalt mixture that replaces 50% of traditional aggregates with taconite tailings which are by -product form the Minnesota Mesabi Iron Range (MMIR) mining operations (a lab sample of this mix is shown below). This project also looked at the use of recycled asphalt roofing shingles as means to reduce the new asphalt binder requirement. At present, a research study is being planned with the City of Duluth to use this specialized mixture on one of the local streets (Yosemite Avenue, see picture). The study will include three pavement test sections and will allow for real life full scale comparisons between performances of this environmentally friendly overlay against tradi-

tional materials. The paving is expected to be completed later this year. During the summer of 2011 a synthesis project funded by Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) was also undertaken to generate reports on state-ofthe-practice and state-of-theart on performance testing of asphalt concrete. At present, the material acceptance procedure used by MnDOT is primarily driven by the constituents of the mix and their volumetric properties. The purpose of the aforementioned synthesis study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using performance evaluation tests as part of mix specifications. Finally, a study on the effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycling on the mechanical performance of asphalt concrete will be undertaken this fall.

Laboratory prepared sample of the mix that utilizes taconite tailings.

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Dr. Eric Musselman Development of Drop Weight Tower for Impact

Professor Eric Musselman and his graduate student Chris Bruhn have been designing and constructing a drop weight tower which will be used to conduct impact testing in the structures lab here at UMD. The tower will have a drop weight of 250 pounds with a maximum drop height of around 12 feet. With this configuration the tower will be able to test structural panels and

small scale beams under dynamic loading. The frame for the tower was constructed by Dynamic Structural Steel in Proctor, Minnesota, with the rest of the construction occurring in house, here at UMD.

tional in the near future. This equipment will fill a need for a dynamic structural testing system allowing Dr. Musselman to continue his research examining the blast and impact resistance of concrete structures.

The design of the frame and drop weight was also conducted entirely at UMD. It is anticipated that the drop weight tower will be opera-

Above: Drop weight and slave carriage of drop weight tower. Left: Nearly complete tower in place inside the structures lab.

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Dr. Rebecca Teasley Characterizing Potential Alterations in Streamflow in the Mekong River from Dam Construction and Operation in the Nam Ngum Tributary

Dr. Rebecca Teasley is currently conducting research with colleagues from the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand to characterize potential alterations in streamflow in the Mekong River from dam construction and operation in the Nam Ngum Tributary. The Mekong, located in Southeast Asia, is a dynamic river with rich biodiversity that provides food for millions of people. Rapid growth and associated energy demands have caused the basin countries to plan for the development of numerous dams along the Mekong and its tributaries. There is concern that the construction of these dams will affect the seasonal

flow regimes in the basin and could significantly alter the fisheries and biodiversity. Modelling efforts are underway to characterize these potential changes in the flow regimes. Dr. Teasleyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work is currently focused on the Nam Ngum tributary in Laos. The Nam Ngum is a major tributary to the Mekong and provides up to 5% of the contributing flow in the Mekong. Rapid development of dams in this basin will lead to significant changes in flow regimes and potential impact to the ecology of the river system. The Nam Ngum has one existing hydropower dam with nine more reservoirs either currently under construction or planned.

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Faculty & Student News Visiting Engineering Geology Professor Last mid-May, Dr. Robert Hack from the University of Twente (The Netherlands) visited the Department of Civil Engineering at UMD. Dr. Hack's field of research is in the physical and mechanical characterization of natural and man-made rock slopes, and he is the author of a well known slope classification system called Slope Stability Probability

Cla ssif ic ation Syste m (SSPCS). During his visit to UMD, Dr. Hack gave a short informal seminar about slope classification systems and the SSPCS, followed by a site visit to the Silver Creek Cliff Tunnel portal on Highway 61 near Two Harbors, to show students the practical application of these systems.

Students Sarah Lindberg (front), Jason Losey (middle) and Brock Rysdahl (back), with Dr. Robert Hack at the portal of Silver Creek Cliff Tunnel.

Workshop on Geotechnical Engineering Applied to Iron Open Pit Mining From June 8 through 10, Dr. Carranza-Torres from the Department of Civil Engineering UMD gave a 15 hour workshop on geotechnical engineering applied to mining, with emphasis on taconite open pit mining in the Mesabi Iron Range. The workshop which took place at the Mining and Reclamation Classroom of the Iron Range Resources (IRR) in Chisholm, was part of an educational project funded by the Iron Ore Cooperative Research (IOCR). The workshop was attended by a total of 18 participants from major taconite mines THE

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and agencies/companies serving the taconite mining industry, including participants from (in alphabetical order) Arcelor-Mittal Minorca Mine, Cliffs NR-Hibbing Taconite Mine, Cliffs NRHibbing Northshore Mine, Cliffs NR-United Taconite Mine, Department of Natural Resources-Hibbing, Solutions and Strategies Group LLC, U.S.Steel Minntac Mine and U.S.Steel-Keetac Mine. Topics discussed during the workshop included, among others, physical and mechanical properties of rocks and soils, and design principles of rock and soil slopes with application to open pit mining

A session during the workshop on geotechnical engineering applied to open pit mining offered at the Iron Range Resources in Chisholm last June. and tailing dams. Similar workshops on geotechnical engineering issues applied to Minnesota mining industry are being planned for the future.

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UMD Faculty & Students Shake it Up at the Mesabi Range

The shake table that UMD Civil Students engineered

In Virginia, Minnesota the Mesabi Range Community & Technical College hosted its 4th annual STEM Camp in the summer of 2011. Students from grades 7-10 were able to spend an exciting week exploring natural disasters and learning how STEM professionals forecast weather events, engineer structures to withstand extreme natural disasters, and respond in emergency situations.

UMD Civil Engineering faculty and students were invited to participate in the Camp for a day to teach about earthquakes. The faculty prepared a short presentation on different types of failures that occur in structures during an earthquake, and ways that engineers are trying to prepare and prevent future destructive damage from occurring. The UMD civil engineering students constructed an earthquake shake table for this event. The shake table was used for a fun hands-on demonstration and contest. With the use of toothpicks and marshmallows Mesabi Camp students were given time to construct a 3 story building that would need to withstand the shake table. In the end, the buildings that the students prepared were well enough

constructed that they stood tall after they faced the shake table.

Dr. Dave helps fasten the students structure to the table

Internship With Baker Concrete Construction Last summer, as part of my ACI Elmer Baker Student Fellowship award I served my internship with Baker Concrete Construction. It was a ten week internship and took place at the F BI f in g e r p r in ting f a c i l i t y i n Clarksburg, WV. Since it is an FBI facility, I'm not able to discuss details of the new building, but Baker Concrete's main duties were the construction of all concrete members including foundation and retaining walls, shear walls, columns, stairs, slab on grade, and slab on decks. This was my first construction internship, and it was an overwhelming experience at first, but it quickly turned into one of the best opportunities I've ever had. As an intern, I worked alongside the project manager and project engineer and was able to get a feel for how things are designed and constructed in "real life." Also, it was great to apply classes such as Concrete Design and

Project Management in real applications. My main duty was updating the job's Cost Summary Report and making sure daily job tasks were completed within budget. I also performed Quality Control inspections for concrete pours and recorded daily quantities on construction completed. I've had two other non-construction related internships in the past, and while they were great opportunities, they didn't coincide with in-class learning as well as a construction internship. Within those ten weeks, I learned more about engineering and project management than I had my previous three summers. It's an experience I believe every engineer should have before starting their career and I'm very thankful for the opportunity I had. I'd like to thank Dave

Schaible, Darrin Farr, and Josh Lancour from Baker Concrete for making it a great learning experience and I hope I will cross paths with them again in the future. Submitted by Matt Fournier, UMD Civil Engineering class of 2012

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Internship With Charles Pankow Builders, Ltd. I spent the summer with Charles Pankow Builders, Ltd., a designbuild firm based out of Southern California. I worked in Victorville, California, a city of about 116,000 people located an hour and a half northeast of Los Angeles in the high desert. The project I worked on was a high school, consisting of three two-story buildings. The buildings are made up of structural steel and precast concrete panels. Pankow is the authorized distributor of this type of "plant crafted" building. The company that designs, markets, and sells these schools is called PreFast. The PreFast schools are gaining popularity in California because the plans are pre-checked and approved for construction by the California Division of the State Architect (DSA). In California, DSA approval is required prior to the construction of all schools and is generally a lengthy process. Having pre-checked plans allows construction to begin Top Picture: Exterior view of third building after erection, during framing and systems installation. Bottom: Buildings one and two during punch list, after final painting was complete and all finishes installed.

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and be completed far more quickly than a traditional design-bid-build project delivery method. My responsibilities mainly consisted of monitoring and coordinating subcontractors, tracking field progress, supervising punchlist activities, inspecting work completed, conducting safety inspections,

and reviewing drawings and specifications. I learned a lot about the construction process in general and a field engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role in it. The experience was incredibly rewarding and I cannot thank Pankow enough for providing the opportunity to me. Submitted by Dan Abramson,

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UMD ACI Takes First at the Fall 2011 ACI Competition On October 14th-18th 2011, eight UMD Civil Engineering students traveled to Cincinnati, OH to complete in the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Pervious Concrete Cylinder Competition at the ACI fall convention. Twice a year ACI holds an international conference for the concrete industry. Faculty, students, practitioners, suppliers, and many others attend the conference that includes workshops, committee meetings, sessions, and student competitions. ACI is the code writing body for the national Concrete Building Code and has a membership of over 14,000 people worldwide. UMD had another successful competition by bringing home two top ten finishes. Thirty-four teams competed at this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fall convention from all across North America. Teams were challenged to apply sustainability

concepts and to use their knowledge of concrete mix design techniques by producing pervious concrete that balances permeability and splitting tensile strength. Team one placed ninth in the performance prize category while team two placed first in the load-to-cost prize category. Team members included: Matt Fournier, Dan Abramson, Chelsea Hanson, Kyrstyn Haapala, Justin Baker, Phil Koktan, Kyle Berg, Ben Thiesse and Andrew Venaas. Faculty Advisors were Eric Musselman and Eshan Dave. The UMD ACI Student Chapter would also like to thank all of those organizations that helped make this trip a reality. Without their support we wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have been able to attend the convention. The sponsors were: Minnesota Concrete Council, Boldt Builds, American Engineering Testing, Cemstone, Twin

Ports Testing, Concrete Paving Association of Minnesota and Arrowhead Concrete. The ACI Student Chapter is looking forward to competing in the ACI Concrete Bowling Ball Student Competition in Dallas, Texas next March. If you are interested in sponsoring or participating in this competition please contact ACI Student Chapter President Matt Fournier at four0044@d.umn.edu.

Top Picture: Cylinder One going through the indirect tensile test. Bottom Picture: Cylinder being tested for permeability

From L-R: Kyrstyn Haapala, Dan Abramson, Ben Thiesse, Kyle Berg, Andrew Venaas, Matt Fournier, Phil Koktan, and Justin Baker

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Meet a Few of the New MS Students Kyle Berg: Inspection of Post-Tensioned Bridges in Minnesota Additional inspection processes need to be implemented to cater to post tensioned bridges and the specific instances that occur in them. Focusing on all bridges in Minnesota that were designed and built with a post tensioning system prior to 2003, I will be creating a system specific inspection plan. After investigation of plans and past inspection notes, the 50 bridges that fit the criteria were narrowed down to a select few where I will be performing nondestructive testing. A further

in depth inspection of 3 of the bridges is to be conducted in conjunction with posttensioning and special supports specialists VSL to better understand and determine the extent of deterioration of the structure. Following the field inspection, I will be creating a guide to inspection of post tensioned bridges for future inspection staff of the Minnesota Department of Transportation to implement in their inspections. With the creation of the clear and concise inspection guide for

Minnesota post-tensioned bridges, a more inclusive prevention and remediation procedure can be implemented before possible tendon failure occurs. Along with the on-site bridge inspection, I have also performed a series of tests on grout samples to further investigate corrosion problems that already have occurred in post-tensioned bridge tendons, as well instances that may occur in the future.

Phil Koktan: Performance-Based Asphalt Specifications Much of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s asphalt specifications required by state departments of transportation are based on volumetrics: density, specific gravity, percent air voids, etc. These tests, however, are not particularly good forecasters of in-field performance. Using mechanical tests with volumetrics helps predict field performance. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a performance-based test that will be easy to perform and help predict thermal cracking - the most common type of pavement failure in

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Minnesota. This summer I researched what, if any, performance-based tests are required by other state DOTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. I also reviewed what other research has been done

by MnDOT on performancebased tests. Performancebased tests will be the topic of my upcoming thesis.

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UMD Civil Engineering Students Receive Scholarships Nineteen Civil Engineering students received scholarships at the 23rd annual University of Minnesota Duluth Engineering/ Industry Banquet on September 26, 2011. The scholarships were awarded as follows: Justin Baker, Donald F. Mowbray Scholarship; Dan Abramson, Roy LaBounty Scholarship; Kyrstyn Haapala, LHB; David Nadeau, Cliffs

Natural Resources; Chelsea Hanson, Duluth Engineers Club; Ray Stockinger, Minnesota Power Foundation; Randy Paul and Neal Smith, Barr Engineering; Kristina Mehrman, Jamar; Christian Lawien, Bendtec, Inc.; Miranda Anderson, Johnson-Wilson Constructors; Matt Fournier, Jill & Terry Swor Scholarship; Ben Cammack, Ulland Brothers Inc.;

Tim Gearns, TGF Memorial Scholarship; Linnea Johns, Mary Ann & Jerry Ostroski Engineering Scholarship; Ben Larson, 44th Engineer Battalion Memorial Scholarship; Lukas Lee, Ben Hayes and Dylan Meyer, Civil Engineering Scholarships. Thank you to all of the donors who support the UMD engineering programs.

Pictured from L-R: (Back) Tim Gearns, David Nadeau, Ben Cammack, Kristina Mehrman, Ray Stockinger, Randy Paul, Miranda Anderson, Kyrstyn Haapala, Linnea Johns, Neal Smith, Ben Larson. (Front) Justin Baker, Matt Fournier, Lukas Lee, Ben Hayes, Dylan Meyer, Dan Abramson

UMD Civil Engineering Attire For Sale A few options of UMD Civil Engineering attire are available for purchase. A lightweight pullover jacket (black, $40), a cotton polo (maroon, $25), and a work shirt (tan, black, or maroon; short sleeve $25, long sleeve $30). All are embroidered as shown on the left. To place an order, contact Waylon Munch (munch010@d.umn.edu) or go in person to the main office (Room 221) of the Swenson Civil Engineering Building.

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In Print and Presentations A Sample of Recent Faculty Publications Katherine Acton made a presentation entitled "Stochastic Simulation based on Nonlinear Meso-Scale Material Models" at the US National Congress on Computational Mechanics 2011, Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 25, 2011. Eshan Dave At the annual technical committee meetings of RILEM (International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures) during October at the University of Liverpool, Dr. Eshan Dave made presentation titled: “Cold Recycling of Asphalt Concrete: Review of North American State of Practice”. Dr. Dave is also made presentation at the North Midwest ASEE (American Society of Engineering Education) Annual Conference in Duluth, titled “Development of Infrastructure Materials Course for Civil Engineering Undergraduates” during October. Eil Kwon made the following presentations at the 2011 Intelligent Transportation Systems World Congress (October, 2011), at Orlando, FL: Active Traffic Management Strategies in Minnesota Development, and Field Assessment of Variable Speed Limit Control System in Minnesota. Eil Kwon also plans to present the following paper at the TRB conference in January, 2012 (Washington DC) Estimation of Speed Recovery Time from Traffic Flow Data for Winter Snow Operations Andrea Schokker presented two papers focusing on sustainable structures at the fall American Concrete Institute (ACI) Convention: “Serviceability and Safety: Core Aspects of Sustainable Structures” (to be published in a Special Publication on Serviceability and Safety in Concrete Structures, and “Prestressed Concrete Applications for Sustainability.” Rebecca Teasley Won an Award for the Best Policy Oriented Paper: Sandoval-Solis S., McKinney D. C., Teasley R. L., and Patino-Gomez C.(2011). "Groundwater banking in the Rio Grande basin." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, Vol. 137, No. 1, pp. 62-71.

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