Kurier UEK nr 3 (73), czerwiec-wrzesień 2017

Page 1

CZASOPISMO UNIWERSYTETU EKONOMICZNEGO W KRAKOWIE

,661 1U F]HUZLHF ZU]HVLHÄ¡

Ekonomia talentu


;XQ[ \ZMฤฌKQ 6ฤ RZR 5HNWRUD 8(.

3

7DOHQW XV]\W\ QD PLDUรท 1LH GDMFLH VLรท ]ZLHฤณรฅ SR]RURP

4 8

']LHฤก 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 3URMHNW GREU\FK SUDNW\N $ MHGQDN QLH EรทG]LH XVWDZ\

11 14 18

8(. t SDUWQHU Z EL]QHVLH

7\G]LHฤก (NRORJLL 8(. )HVWLZDO 1DXNL L 6]WXNL ;,,, 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\ .RQJUHV 0%$ 6HPLQDULXP PLรทG]\QDURGRZH GOD VWXGHQWร Z 0%$ ] 'H6DOHV 8QLZHUVLW\ 0LOLRQ QD %DQN 6WXGHQFL :\G]LDฤ X )LQDQVร Z L 3UDZD 8(. PLVWU]DPL ]DU]รฃG]DQLD EDQNLHP ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 0%$ :HHN 0RGHORZDQLH L SURJQR]RZDQLH ]MDZLVN VSRฤ HF]QR JRVSRGDUF]\FK

31 34 36 38

3URIHVRU -DFHN 3XUFKOD XKRQRURZDQ\ 7\WXฤ HP 0Dฤ RSRODQLQD 5RNX .RQJUHV /LGHUร Z 8(. 3RUR]XPLHQLH Z VSUDZLH SRGZร MQ\FK G\SORPร Z /LVW\ UDQNLQJRZH '\SORPDFMD JRVSRGDUF]D 3ROVNL -DN SU]HNXรฅ WDOHQW Z EL]QHV

41 43

7DP JG]LH Vฤ RฤกFH ฤณZLHFL GQL Z URNX (NRQRPLD L ฤณSLHZ : SRV]XNLZDQLX Zฤ DVQ\FK DWXWร Z

44 46 48

']LDฤ DMรฃF Z 368(. 3HUฤ D -XZHQDOLD 8(. SU]HV]ฤ \ GR KLVWRULL ล XUDZLH 1DU]รทG]LD $QDOLW\F]QH Z 1DXNDFK (NRQRPLF]Q\FK =$3(/ RG ]DSOHF]D 3U]HSLV QD VXNFHV ] (61 8(. 7ZRMD PDUND WR 7\ .1 e3HUVRQDOQLr t F]DV QD PDฤ H SRGVXPRZDQLH Ustawa 2.0 5HSUH]HQWDFMD 6' 8(. QD VSRWNDQLX ] -DURVฤ DZHP *RZLQHP ,QQRZDF\MQRฤณรฅ t V]DQVD F]\ LPSHUDW\Z"

51 54 56 58 63 65 66

5R]PRZ\ ] 3XV]NLHP

67

:VSRPQLHQLH R SURI -DQLH 6]XPLODNX

68


;bIVW_VQ 8Iฤก[\_W +ba\MTVQKa ยถ3]ZQMZI =-3ยช WLLIRMUa _ 8Iฤก[\_I Zฤ KM SWTMRVa _ISIKaRVa V]UMZ VI[bMOW +bI[WXQ[UI +QM[bฤ [Qฤ ฤตM bIZ{_VW VW_I [bI\I OZIย KbVI RIS Q ZWbJ]LW_IVQM bI_IZ\WฤฌKQ ยถ3]ZQMZI =-3ยช [XW\SIรฐW [Qฤ b 8Iฤก[\_I IXZWJI\ฤ 6QVQMR[ba V]UMZ XWฤฌ_Qฤ KWVa bW[\Iรฐ bIOILVQMVQ] ยถMSWVWUQI \ITMV\]ยช 6I Xa\IVQI" +baU LbQ[QIR [ฤ \ITMV\a RIS RM ZWbXWbVI_Iฤ WZIb Kba _IZ\W RM ZWb_QRIฤ ' WLXW_QMLbQIรฐ XWLKbI[ ZWbUW_a b :MLISKRฤ XZWN LZ PIJ )TMS[a 8WKb\W_[SQ ยง 8ZWZMS\WZ L[ 6I]SQ =-3 8WVIL\W _ V]UMZbM \aU bVIRLbQMKQM 8Iฤก[\_W TQKbVM IZ\aS]รฐa WZIb ZMTIKRM LW\aKbฤ KM IS\]ITVaKP _aLIZbMฤก _ VI[bMR =KbMTVQ 6IRUรฐWL[baKP +ba\MTVQS{_ bIKPฤ KIU LW TMS\]Za SWTMRVaKP XZbaO{L 8][bSI S\{Za _ZIb bM [_WQUQ XZbaRIKQ{รฐUQ \aU ZIbMU ZWb[\ZbaOI \IRMUVQKฤ \ITMV\] ฤดaKbฤ 8Iฤก[\_] _QMT] XQฤ SVaKP KP_QT XWLKbI[ bI[รฐ]ฤตWVMOW _ISIKaRVMOW WLXWKbaVS]

SURI 8(. GU KDE LQล $1'5=(- &+2&+ยฐฤ 5HNWRU 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH

$GUHV UHGDNFML

5HGDNFMD 3DZHฤ .R]DNLHZLF]

8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .UDNRZLH

6Nฤ DG L ฤ DPDQLH 3DZHฤ :ร MFLN

L ]PLDQ UHGDNF\MQ\FK QDGV\ฤ DQ\FK DUW\NXฤ ร Z

XO 5DNRZLFND

=GMรทFLD MHฤณOL QLH SRGSLVDQR LQDF]HM 3LRWU 0DOHF

RUD] ]PLDQ\ LFK W\WXฤ ร Z

.UDNร Z

:\GDZFD 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .UDNRZLH

5HGDNFMD G]LรทNXMH ZRORQWDULXV]RP ELRUรฃF\P XG]LDฤ

EXG\QHN e.VLรทล ร ZNDr SRN .

'UXN 'UXNDUQLD 2IIVHWRZD ,QWURPD[

Z SU]\JRWRZDQLX QLQLHMV]HJR Z\GDQLD

5HGDNFMD ]DVWU]HJD VRELH SUDZR GR VNUDFDQLD

WHO

1DNฤ DG HJ]HPSODU]\

3DWU\NRZL .U]DNRZL $JDFLH 6XGRU .DUROLQLH ฤฒOLZD

H PDLO JD]HWD#XHN NUDNRZ SO

ISSN 1689-7757

-RDQQLH =LรทWDUD

3


rozmowa

Talent SURI GU KDE Aleksy Pocztowski 3URUHNWRU GV 1DXNL 3URIHVRU GRNWRU KDELOLWRZDQ\ QDXN HNRQRPLF]Q\FK Z ]DNUHVLH QDXN R ]DU]รฃG]DQLX SURIHVRU ]Z\F]DMQ\ DXWRU OLF]Q\FK SXEOLNDFML ] ]DNUHVX ]DU]รฃG]DQLD ]DVREDPL OXG]NLPL NLHURZQLN .DWHGU\ =DU]รฃG]DQLD .DSLWDฤ HP /XG]NLP G]LHNDQ :\G]LDฤ X (NRQRPLL L 6WRVXQNร Z 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK Z ODWDFK SURG]LHNDQ :\G]LDฤ X (NRQRPLL Z ODWDFK :LFHSU]HZRGQLF]รฃF\ 3UH]\GLXP .RPLWHWX 1DXN R 3UDF\ L 3ROLW\FH 6SRฤ HF]QHM 3ROVNLHM $NDGHPLL 1DXN F]ฤ RQHN 5DG\ 1DXNRZHM ,3L66 F]ฤ RQHN .ROHJLXP 5HGDNF\MQHJR F]DVRSLVPD e=DU]รฃG]DQLH =DVREDPL /XG]NLPLr

4

] [ba\a VI UQIZฤ +PKQIรฐJaU ฤตMJa _ VI[bMR =KbMTVQ XW_[\Iรฐ ยถ[ba\a VI UQIZฤ ยช XZWOZIU bIZbฤ LbIVQI \ITMV\IUQ ILZM[W_IVa bIZ{_VW LW XZIKW_VQS{_ RIS Q [\]LMV\{_ <ISQM XWLMRฤฌKQM _aVQSI b _ab_Iฤก [\WRฤ KaKP XZbML ]KbMTVQIUQ WZIb _XQ[]RM [Qฤ _ bIรฐWฤตMVQI ZMNWZUa [bSWTVQK\_I _aฤต[bMOW [\I_QIRฤ KMR VI ZWb_{R JILIฤก VI]SW_aKP RISWฤฌฤ S[b\IรฐKMVQI WZIb ]UQฤ LbaVIZWLW_QMVQM -HGQ\P ] QDMZDล QLHMV]\FK ]DGDฤก XF]HOQL VWDMH VLรท SR]\VNLZDQLH L UR]ZLMDQLH XWDOHQWRZDQ\FK VWXGHQWร Z RUD] XWDOHQWRZDQ\FK SUDFRZQLNร Z Panie Rektorze, w dzisiejszych czaVDFK WDOHQW QDMF]รทฤณFLHM NRMDU]\ VLรท ] SLรทNQ\P Jฤ RVHP Z\VWรทSRZDQLHP QD HVWUDG]LH t F]\OL SRGHMฤณFLHP EDUG]LHM VFHQLF]Q\P $ MDN 3DQ 5HNWRU SRVWU]HJD WDOHQW" Aleksy Pocztowski %H] ZรฃWSLHQLD SLรทNQ\ Jฤ RV WR Uร ZQLHล WDOHQW -HGQDN ] SURZDG]RQ\FK

SU]H] QDV EDGDฤก HPSLU\F]Q\FK Z\QLND ล H eWDOHQWr Z ]QDF]HQLX RVRE\ XWDOHQWRZDQHM Uร ล QLH GHILQLRZDQ\ MHVW Z SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZDFK L XWRล VDPLDQ\ QDMF]รทฤณFLHM ] RVREDPL SRVLDGDMรฃF\PL V]F]HJร OQH X]GROQLHQLD Z GDQ\P NLHUXQNX RUD] ] RVREDPL PDMรฃF\PL Z\MรฃWNRZH RVLรฃJQLรทFLD X]\VNXMรฃFHM SRQDGSU]HFLรทWQH HIHNW\ SUDF\

&KRรฅ R WDOHQWDFK F]\WDP\ MXล Z %LEOLL WR SRMรทFLH ]DF]รทฤ R PLHรฅ ZLรทNV]H ]QDF]HQLH VWRVXQNRZR QLHGDZQR V]F]HJร OQLH PRGQH VWDฤ R VLรท Z NRQWHNฤณFLH RUJDQL]DFML 1LH VLรทJDMรฃF GDOHNR ZVWHF] W\ONR RG F]DVร Z QDP EOLVNLFK WR Zฤ DฤณFLZLH SRG NRQLHF ;; ZLHNX SRMรทFLH eWDOHQWXr ]URELฤ R QDMZLรทNV]รฃ


: RVWDWQLP F]DVLH EDUG]R PRGQH VWDฤ R VLรท ]DU]รฃG]DQLH WDOHQWHP : W\P NRQWHNฤณFLH ZDUWR ZVSRPQLHรฅ R GZร FK SRGHMฤณFLDFK GR ]DU]รฃG]DQLD RVREDPL XWDOHQWRZDQ\PL 3LHUZV]H ] QLFK t HOLWDUQH t ]ZUDFD XZDJรท QD RVRE\ R SRQDGSU]HFLรทWQ\FK X]GROQLHQLDFK Z GDQ\P NLHUXQNX DGUHVXMรฃF GR QLFK RNUHฤณORQH SURJUDP\ UR]ZRMRZH 7DNLFK OXG]L MHVW VWRVXQNRZR QLHZLHOH 'UXJLH SRGHMฤณFLH t HJDOLWDUQH XNLHUXQNRZXMH G]LDฤ DQLD QD UR]ZLMDQLH X]GROQLHฤก ZV]\VWNLFK ]DWUXGQLRQ\FK SUDFRZQLNร Z Z\FKRG]รฃF ] ]Dฤ Rล HQLD ล H QLH]DOHล QLH RG WHJR MDNLH PLHMVFH ]DMPXMรฃ Z RUJDQL]DFML PDMรฃ SHZQH SUHG\VSR]\FMH NWร UH ZDUWR L QDOHล \ UR]ZLMDรฅ =DU]รฃG]DQLH WDOHQWDPL ZLGRF]QH MHVW QLH W\ONR Z SURFHVLH QDXF]DQLD L XF]HQLD VLรท VWDฤ R VLรท QLH]Z\NOH PRGQH Uร ZQLHล Z UR]PDLW\FK NXOWXUDFK RUJDQL]DF\MQ\FK &]\ QDV] 8QLZHUV\WHW MDNR RUJDQL]DFMD VSU]\MD RGNU\ZDQLX L NV]WDฤ WRZDQLX WDOHQWX" : SHฤ QL SRG]LHODP SRJOรฃG R SRWU]HELH SDWU]HQLD QD 8QLZHUV\WHW MDNR RUJDQL]DFMรท XF]รฃFรฃ VLรท ZSLVDQรฃ Z ]PLHQLDMรฃFรฃ VLรท JRVSRGDUNรท JG]LH NUHDW\ZQRฤณรฅ RUD]

LQQRZDF\MQRฤณรฅ Vรฃ QLH]Z\NOH LVWRWQH : QDV]HM 8F]HOQL Z\Uร ล QLDP\ GZLH Jฤ ร ZQH JUXS\ VSRฤ HF]QH VWXGHQWร Z RUD] SUDFRZQLNร Z XQLZHUV\WHFNLFK Z W\P QDXNRZR G\GDNW\F]Q\FK RUD] DGPLQLVWUDF\MQ\FK : W\P NRQWHNฤณFLH ZDUWR ]DGDรฅ VRELH S\WDQLD F]\ U]HF]\ZLฤณFLH GRFHQLDP\ RVRE\ XWDOHQWRZDQH" &]\ QLH RJUDQLF]DP\ VLรท W\ONR GR Pร ZLHQLD R ]QDF]HQLX XWDOHQWRZDQ\FK RVร E" &]\ SRGHMPXMHP\ RNUHฤณORQH G]LDฤ DQLD Z W\P ]DNUHVLH" 2JURPQ\P Z\]ZDQLHP MHVW QLH W\ONR GRVWU]Hล HQLH SRWHQFMDOQHJR WDOHQWX Z RUJDQL]DFML DOH MHJR UHWHQFMD SRฤ รฃF]RQD ] PRW\ZRZDQLHP GR GDOV]HJR UR]ZRMX 7HPX Vฤ Xล รฃ Uร ล QH G]LDฤ DQLD UHDOL]RZDQH Z QDV]\P 8QLZHUV\WHFLH

'Xล R Z RVWDWQLFK PLHVLรฃFDFK Pร ZLP\ R ]PLDQDFK Z V]NROQLFWZLH Z\ล V]\P &]\ ]GDQLHP 3DQD 5HNWRUD EรทGรฃ RQH VSU]\MDฤ \ RGNU\ZDQLX L UR]ZRMRZL WDOHQWร Z QD XF]HOQLDFK"

5WQU bLIVQMU bIZ{_VW _ WJ[bIZbM LbQIรฐITVWฤฌKQ VI]SW_MR RIS Q LaLIS\aKbVMR W[WJa ]\ITMV\W_IVM Jฤ Lฤ UQIรฐa KWZIb _Qฤ S[bM _Zฤ Kb [bKbMO{TVM bVIKbMVQM

-HฤณOL FKRG]L R SUDFRZQLNร Z QDXNL G]LDฤ DQLD Zฤ DG] 8F]HOQL XNLHUXQNRZDQH Vรฃ QD WR DE\ SRPDJDรฅ XWDOHQWRZDQ\P DPELWQ\P SUDFRZQLNRP ]DUร ZQR Z SUDF\ QDXNRZHM QS SXEOLNDFMDFK NRQIHUHQFMDFK QDXNRZ\FK GRVNRQDOHQLX NRPSHWHQFML Mรท]\NRZ\FK RUD] XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL GRW\F]รฃF\FK PHWRG EDGDZF]\FK MDN L Z G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL G\GDNW\F]QHM

6NLHURZDQH GR SUDFRZQLNร Z DOH Uร ZQLHล VWXGHQWร Z 0RLP ]GDQLHP Z QDV]HM 8F]HOQL PRล QD Pร ZLรฅ R NRQNUHWQ\FK G]LDฤ DQLDFK QD U]HF] UR]ZRMX XWDOHQWRZDQ\FK RVร E ]DUร ZQR ZฤณUร G VWXGHQWร Z MDN L SUDFRZQLNร Z : RGQLHVLHQLX GR W\FK SLHUZV]\FK GXล รฃ UROรท Z UR]ZLMDQLX WDOHQWร Z RGJU\ZDMรฃ VDPL VWXGHQFL RUD] LFK RUJDQL]DFMH D :ฤ DG]H 8F]HOQL SRZLQQ\ VWZDU]Dรฅ NRU]\VWDQH ZDUXQNL RUD] XG]LHODรฅ ZVSDUFLD WDP JG]LH LVWQLHMH WDND SRWU]HED -HฤณOL FKRG]L R G]LDฤ DQLD ZVSLHUDMDFH UR]Zร M SUDFRZQLNร Z WR PDMรฃ RQH WU]\ Jฤ ร ZQH IRUP\ GRVWDUF]DQLH LQIRUPDFML XG]LHODQLH ZVSDUFLD RUJDQL]DF\MQHJR RUD] ILQDQVRZDQLH Uร ล Q\FK SU]HGVLรทZ]Lรทรฅ R FKDUDNWHU]H UR]ZRMRZ\P

0RLP ]GDQLHP ]DUร ZQR Z REV]DU]H G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL QDXNRZHM MDN L G\GDNW\F]QHM RVRE\ XWDOHQWRZDQH EรทGรฃ PLDฤ \ FRUD] ZLรทNV]H ZUรทF] V]F]HJร OQH ]QDF]HQLH

rozmowa

eNDULHUรทr 3U]\F]\Q URVQรฃFHJR ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD Wรฃ SUREOHPDW\Nรฃ Z WHRULL L SUDNW\FH QDOHล \ XSDWU\ZDรฅ ] MHGQHM VWURQ\ Z URVQรฃF\P ]QDF]HQLX NUHDW\ZQHJR NDSLWDฤ X OXG]NLHJR MDNR F]\QQLND UR]ZRMX JRVSRGDUF]HJR ] GUXJLHM ]Dฤณ Z SRMDZLDMรฃF\FK VLรท MXล ZWHG\ SUREOHPDFK ] SR]\VNDQLHP L XWU]\PDQLHP XWDOHQWRZDQ\FK SUDFRZQLNร Z Z RUJDQL]DFMDFK RUD] QDVLODMรฃFรฃ VLรท NRQNXUHQFMรฃ t VZRLVWรฃ eZRMQรฃ R WDOHQW\r -DNR FHFK\ FKDUDNWHU\]XMรฃFH RVRE\ XWDOHQWRZDQH ZVND]XMH VLรท QDMF]รทฤณQLHM ZVSRPQLDQH MXล X]GROQLHQLD Z\VRNL SRWHQFMDฤ UR]ZRMRZ\ SDVMรท DOH WDNล H JRWRZRฤณรฅ GR SHฤ QLHQLD RNUHฤณORQ\FK IXQNFML L SU]\MPRZDQLD RGSRZLHG]LDOQRฤณFL ]D LVWRWQH REV]DU\ IXQNFMRQRZDQLD RUJDQL]DFML :ฤ DฤณQLH WDN G]LVLDM QDMF]รทฤณFLHM GHILQLXMH VLรท eWDOHQWr Z RUJDQL]DFML MDNR VSRWรทJRZDQH X]GROQLHQLH RVRE\ Z GDQ\P NLHUXQNX SRฤ รฃF]RQH ] ]DDQJDล RZDQLHP Z SUDF\ JRWRZRฤณFLรฃ GR VDPRUR]ZRMX MDN L SHฤ QLHQLD NOXF]RZ\FK Uร O Z RUJDQL]DFML

']LVLHMV]\ VWXGHQW MHVW ]GHF\GRZDQLH EDUG]LHM Z\PDJDMรฃF\ RF]HNXMH SU]HND]DQLD WUHฤณFL NV]WDฤ FHQLD Z VSRVร E QRZRF]HVQ\ t L QLH Pร ZLรท WX W\ONR R ]DZDUWRฤณFL PHU\WRU\F]QHM DOH Uร ZQLHล R QRZRF]HVQ\FK IRUPDFK SU]HND]\ZDQLD W\FK WUHฤณFL

7R MHGQDN PRล H E\รฅ EDUG]R WUXGQH : QDV]HM ฤณZLDGRPRฤณFL WNZL ZFLรฃล ]DVDGD eQLH Z\FK\ODM VLรทr eQLH Z\FKRGล SU]HG V]HUHJr ]Zฤ DV]F]D Z WDNLP P\ฤณOHQLX XU]รทGQLF]\P t OHSLHM VLรท QLH Z\FK\ODรฅ ER PRล QD eGRVWDรฅ SR QRVLHr &]\ PLPR WHJR 3DQ 5HNWRU ]DFKรทFD GR ZLรทNV]HM DNW\ZQRฤณFL XND]\ZDQLD VZRLFK WDOHQWร Z QLH W\ONR Z ]DNUHVLH REV]DUX VZRMHM SUDF\" 2F]\ZLฤณFLH ล H ]DFKรทFDP 3DWU]รฃF QD Uร ล QH XZDUXQNRZDQLD RUJDQL]DF\MQH SRZLQQLฤณP\ SDPLรทWDรฅ R VSHF\ILFH XF]HOQL L Z\]ZDQLDFK MDNLH SU]HG QLรฃ VWRMรฃ *ฤ ร ZQH REV]DU\ QDV]HM DNW\ZQRฤณFL Z NWร U\FK SRV]XNXMHP\ WDOHQWร Z RUD] FKFHP\ MH UR]ZLMDรฅ WR SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ R FKDUDNWHU]H QDXNRZR EDGDZF]\P G\GDNW\F]Q\P L GRUDGF]\P : SLHUZV]HM NROHMQRฤณFL RF]HNXMHP\ Z\VRNLHM MDNRฤณFL EDGDฤก 'ODWHJR SURSRQXMHP\ V]HUHJ SURJUDPร Z QS GRW\F]รฃF\FK ILQDQVRZDQLD SURMHNWร Z EDGDZF]\FK :DUWR MHGQDN SDPLรทWDรฅ ล H SLV]รฃF ZQLRVNL R JUDQW\ F]\ WHล VWDUDMรฃF VLรท X]\VNDรฅ GRILQDQVRZDQLH LQQ\FK SU]HGVLรทZ]Lรทรฅ F]รทVWR WU]HED 5


rozmowa

PLHU]\รฅ VLรท ] Uร ZQLH XWDOHQWRZDQรฃ NRQNXUHQFMรฃ 1LH MHVW ZLรทF ฤ DWZR &]\ Z ]ZLรฃ]NX ] W\P VNRUR RGNU\FLH WDOHQWX QLH MHVW WDNรฃ SURVWรฃ VSUDZรฃ D MHJR UR]Zร M SU]\VSDU]D QLH PQLHM WUXGQRฤณFL Z RJร OH ZDUWR VLรท W\P ]DMPRZDรฅ" 2F]\ZLฤณFLH ล H ZDUWR , WR ] NLONX SRZRGร Z : G]LVLHMV]\FK F]DVDFK Z RUJDQL]DFMDFK NWร UH FKFรฃ VLรท UR]ZLMDรฅ V]F]HJร OQรฃ ZDUWRฤณรฅ PD V]HURNR UR]XPLDQD ZLHG]D 3DPLรทWDMP\ ล H F\NO ล \FLD SRVLDGDQHM ZLHG]\ VNUDFD VLรท L PXVL E\รฅ RQD SHUPDQHQWQLH UR]ZLMDQD L GRVNRQDORQD 3RF]รฃWNLHP ZLHG]\ MHVW NUHDW\ZQRฤณรฅ ]D NWร Uรฃ ]Dฤณ LG]LH LQQRZDF\MQRฤณรฅ D ]D QLรฃ ]GROQRฤณรฅ GR UHDNFML QD ]PLDQ\ Z RWRF]HQLX D QDMOHSLHM LFK DQW\F\SRZDQLH L SRGHMPRZDQLH G]LDฤ Dฤก Z\SU]HG]DMรฃF\FK ล Uร Gฤ HP WHJR SURFHVX Vรฃ RNUHฤณORQH Zฤ DฤณFLZRฤณFL XFLHOHฤณQLRQH Z OXG]LDFK V]F]HJร OQLH NUHDW\ZQRฤณรฅ .ROHMQ\P DUJXPHQWHP MHVW IDNW ล H QLH UR]ZLMDMรฃF XWDOHQWRZDQ\FK SUDFRZQLNร Z MDNR RUJDQL]DFMD PDUQXMHP\ NDSLWDฤ OXG]NL L RJUDQLF]DP\ VZRMรฃ NRQNXUHQF\MQRฤณรฅ :DUWR WHล ZVSRPQLHรฅ R LVWQLHQLX SHZQHJR U\]\ND &]รทVWR RVRE\ XWDOHQWRZDQH Z GDQ\P NLHUXQNX L ]DDQJDล RZDQH Vรฃ Z\PDJDMรฃFH QLH OXELรฃ ZSLV\ZDรฅ VLรท Z V]W\ZQH VWUXNWXU\ RUJDQL]DFML FHQLรฃ VZRERGรท L HODVW\F]QRฤณรฅ Z G]LDฤ DQLX

'ODWHJR FKFรท SRGNUHฤณOLรฅ ล H MHGQ\P ] ZDUXQNร Z UR]ZLMDQLD RVร E XWDOHQWRZDQ\FK Vรฃ ]PLDQ\ VWUXNWXU\ RUJDQL]DF\MQHM Z NLHUXQNX RJUDQLF]DQLD KLHUDFKLL NV]WDฤ WRZDQLH NXOWXU\ RUJDQL]DF\MQHM Z NLHUXQNX GRFHQLDQLD Uร ล QRURGQRฤณFL RUD] SURPRZDQLH VW\OX NLHURZDQLD ED]XMรฃFHJR QLH W\ONR QD IRUPDOQ\P DXWRU\WHFLH DOH

DLA PRACOWNIKร W: โ ข

3URJUDP VNLHURZDQ\ GR QDXF]\FLHOL DNDGHPLFNLFK L DGPLQLVWUDFML Z\MD]G\ QDXF]\FLHOL Z FHOX SURZDG]HQLD Z\Nฤ DGร Z RUD] SUDFRZQLNร Z DGPLQLVWUDFML QD V]NROHQLD

+bฤ [\W W[WJa ]\Ilentowane w danym kierunku Q bIIVOIฤตW_IVM [ฤ _aUIOIRฤ KM VQM T]JQฤ _XQ[a_Iฤ [Qฤ w sztywne struktuZa WZOIVQbIKRQ

&HO GRVNRQDOHQLH ]DZRGRZH SUDFRZQLNร Z XF]HOQL RUD] SRGQRV]HQLH LFK NRPSHWHQFML PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK PLรทG]\NXOWXURZ\FK QDZLรฃ]\ZDQLH NRQWDNWร Z QDXNRZ\FK 0RELOQRฤณรฅ ] XF]HOQLDPL ] NUDMร Z 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM RUD] ] NUDMร Z ,VODQGLD /LHFKWHQVWHLQ 1RUZHJLD 7XUFMD L )\URP E\ฤ D UHSXEOLND -XJRVฤ DZLL L 0DFHGRQLL t (UDVPXV .$ RUD] 0RELOQRฤณรฅ ] XF]HOQLDPL ] NUDMร Z SDUWQHUVNLFK 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM Z\EUDQH NUDMH ] FDฤ HJR ฤณZLDWD t (UDVPXV .$

QD LQVSLUXMรฃF\P GR NUHDW\ZQRฤณFL L LQQRZDF\MQRฤณFL SU]\Zร G]WZLH 7ZRU]HQLH SU]\MD]QHJR ZUDล OLZHJR QD SRWU]HE\ Uร ล Q\FK RVร E Z W\P W\FK V]F]HJร OQLH XWDOHQWRZDQ\FK ฤณURGRZLVND SUDF\ VWDQRZL G]LVLDM MHGQR ] Z\]ZDฤก Z ]DU]รฃG]DQLX XF]HOQLรฃ Z\ล V]รฃ 2 WDOHQWDFK Z 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .UDNRZLH UR]PDZLDOLฤณP\ ] SURI GU KDE $OHNV\P 3RF]WRZVNLP t 3URUHNWRUHP GV 1DXNL 8(.

(UDVPXV .$ L (UDVPXV .$

โ ข

&((386 3URJUDP VNLHURZDQ\ GR QDXF]\FLHOL DNDGHPLFNLFK &HO GRVNRQDOHQLH ]DZRGRZH QDXF]\FLHOL DNDGHPLFNLFK SRSU]H] PRล OLZRฤณรฅ SURZDG]HQLD ]DMรทรฅ G\GDNW\F]Q\FK ]D JUDQLFรฃ :VSLHUDQH MHVW Uร ZQRF]HฤณQLH SRGHMPRZDQLH SU]HGVLรทZ]Lรทรฅ QDXNRZ\FK 0RELOQRฤณรฅ ] XF]HOQLDPL ] NUDMร Z (XURS\ ฤฒURGNRZHM

โ ข

:\PLDQD Z UDPDFK XPร Z R ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ ZLHORVWURQQHM 3URJUDP VNLHURZDQ\ GR SUDFRZQLNร Z QDXNRZR G\GDNW\F]Q\FK &HO UR]Zร M ]DZRGRZ\ SRSU]H] VWDล H QDXNRZH

6


Q ZWb_QRIVQ] \ITMV\{_ ZMITQbW_IVM _ =-3 Z\Nฤ DG\ Z XF]HOQLDFK SDUWQHUVNLFK UHDOL]RZDQLH SURMHNWร Z G\GDNW\F]Q\FK L QDXNRZ\FK

DLA STUDENTร W: โ ข

0RELOQRฤณรฅ ] XF]HOQLDPL SDUWQHUVNLPL 8(. ] Uร ล Q\FK NUDMร Z โ ข

6W\SHQGLD L XUORS\ GRNWRUDQFNLH

โ ข

3ฤ DWQH XUORS\ QDXNRZH

โ ข

)LQDQVRZDQLH SU]HZRGร Z GRNWRUVNLFK SRVWรทSRZDฤก KDELOLWDF\MQ\FK โ ข L SURIHVRUVNLFK

โ ข

โ ข

โ ข

โ ข

โ ข

โ ข

โ ข

)LQDQVRZDQLH PRQRJUDILL GOD FHOร Z SRVWรทSRZDQLD KDELOLWDF\MQHJR โ ข OXE R W\WXฤ SURIHVRUD )LQDQVRZDQLH DUW\NXฤ ร Z QDXNRZ\FK SUDFRZQLNร Z 8(. Z F]DVRSLVPDFK Z\GDZDQ\FK Z 8(. L ]DPLHV]F]DQ\FK Z EDโ ข ]DFK &(-6+ &((2/ %D](NRQ ,QGH[ &RSHUQLFXV :SURZDG]RQR V\VWHP ]DU]รฃG]DQLD SXEOLNDFMDPL Z F]DVRSLVPDFK 2-6 t 2SHQ -XUQDO 6\VWHP :SURZDG]RQR PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\ QU '2, GLJLWDO REMHFW QXPHU GOD SXEOLNDFML Z F]DVRSLVPDFK 8(. : F]\WHOQL RQโ ข OLQH LEXN SO Vรฃ GRVWรทSQH ZV]\VWNLH =HV]\W\ 1DXNRZH SHฤ QH WHNVW\ DUW\NXฤ ร Z Z\GDQH Z QRZHM IRUPXOH WM RG URNX $UW\NXฤ \ SXEOLNRZDQH Z =HV]\WDFK 1DXNRZ\FK 8(. L $2& Vรฃ GRVWรทSQH SRSU]H] โ ข Z\V]XNLZDUNรท *RRJOH 6FKRODU 'RILQDQVRZDQLH ]H ฤณURGNร Z 8(. Z\MD]Gร Z SUDFRZQLNร Z QD NRQIHUHQFMH NUDMRZH L PLรทG]\QDURGRZH SXEOLNDFML Wฤ XPDF]Hฤก DUW\NXฤ ร Z โ ข QDXNRZ\FK :VSDUFLH SUDFRZQLNร Z ']LDฤ X 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\ Z SURFHVLH SU]\JRWRZ\ZDQLD ZQLRVNร Z JUDQWRZ\FK 3URJUDP ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ 6DQWDQGHU t ILQDQVRZDQLH Z\MD]Gร Z SUDFRZQL- โ ข Nร Z QDXNRZR G\GDNW\F]Q\FK RUD] DGPLQLVWUDF\MQ\FK QD V]NOHQLD UR]ZLMDMรฃFH XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL ]DZRGRZH L LQQH

3URJUDP (UDVPXV t DNFMD . t Z\MD]G\ VW\SHQGLDOQH GR NUDโ ข Mร Z 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM QD VWXGLD L SUDNW\NL 3URJUDP (UDVPXV t DNFMD . t Z\MD]G\ VW\SHQGLDOQH GR LQQ\FK UHJLRQร Z ฤณZLDWD t QS $]MD 86$ NUDMH SR]D 8QLรฃ (XURSHMVNรฃ &((386 t Z\MD]G\ VW\SHQGLDOQH QD VWXGLD GR NUDMร Z (XURS\ 3Rฤ XGQLRZR :VFKRGQLHM (1%6 t Z\MD]G\ VW\SHQGLDOQH VWXGHQWร Z QD VWXGLD GR NUDMร Z 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM ]U]HV]RQ\FK Z VLHFL (XURSHDQ 1HWZRUN RI %XVLQHVV 6FKRROV

3RQDG Nร ฤ QDXNRZ\FK

โ ข

0DQDJH LQ t Z\MD]GRZH V]NROHQLH GOD VWXGHQWร Z R WHPDW\FH V]HURNR SRMรทWHJR ]DU]รฃG]DQLD

โ ข

6SUHM t FRURF]QH V]NROHQLH Z\MD]GRZH GOD VWDURVWร Z JUXS G]LHNDฤกVNLFK

-26=() t URF]QH VWXGLD Z Mรท]\NX QLHPLHFNLP Z 9LHQQD 8QLYHUVLW\ โ ข RI (FRQRPLFV DQG %XVLHVV $XVWULD : UDPDFK VWXGLร Z โ ข RERZLรฃ]NRZD SUDNW\ND Z ILUPLH ]DJUDQLF]QHM

8PRZ\ ZLHORVWURQQH t VHPHVWUDOQH VWXGLD Z WDNLFK NUDMDFK MDN $XVWUDOLD &KLQ\ *UX]MD -DSRQLD .DQDGD .D]DFKVWDQ .RUHD 3Rฤ XGQLRZD 0HNV\N 0Rฤ GDZLD 3HUX 5RVMD 7DMZDQ 8NUDLQD 86$ 0DVWHU RI 3XEOLF $GPLQLVWUDFWLRQ *968 t URF]QH VWXGLD GOD DEVROZHQWร Z VWXGLร Z PDJLVWHUVNLFK 8(. DV\VWHQWร Z DEVROZHQWร Z 8(. SUDFXMรฃF\FK Z 8(. OXE VWXGHQWร Z ,, URNX VWXGLร Z ,,

7UDQVHNRQRPLN t VHPHVWUDOQH VWXGLD Z 6]NROH *ฤ ร ZQHM +DQGORZHM Z :DUV]DZLH 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .DWRZLFDFK 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z 3R]QDQLX 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P ZH :URFฤ DZLX

โ ข

3URJUDP SRGZร MQ\FK G\SORPร Z t URF]QH VWXGLD ]D JUDQLFรฃ โ ข Z XF]HOQLDFK Z 1LHPF]HFK )UDQFML +LV]SDQLL )LQODQGLL 86$ ] NWร U\PL 8(. SRGSLVDฤ XPRZรท R X]\VNDQLX SU]H] VWXGHQWร Z โ ข G\SORPX XF]HOQL SU]\MPXMรฃFHM

67(3 -DSRQLD t VHPHVWUDOQH VWXGLD Z +LURVKLPD 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV ]H VW\SHQGLXP XIXQGRZDQ\P SU]H] XF]HOQLรท JRV]F]รฃFรฃ

VWRSQLD ]DNRฤกF]RQH X]\VNDQLHP G\SORPX 03$ SUHVWLล RZHM DPHU\NDฤกVNLHM XF]HOQL

โ ข

rozmowa

3U]\Nฤ DG\ XZWOZIU{_ [XZbaRIRฤ KaKP WLSZa_IVQ]

6HH80DVWHU t FRURF]Q\ F\NO V]NROHฤก NV]WDฤ WXMรฃF\FK SU]HGVLรทELRUF]Rฤณรฅ VWXGHQWร Z QDV]HJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX .OLV]Rล HUF\ t NRQNXUV IRWRJUDILF]Q\ GOD VWXGHQWร Z ] FDฤ HM 3ROVNL 7DUJL 3UDF\ 8(. 3URJUDP ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ 6DQWDQGHU t VW\SHQGLD GOD QDMOHSV]HJR VWXGHQWD ] Z\G]LDฤ X RUD] ] NUDMร Z (XURS\ :VFKRGQLHM 'RILQDQVRZDQLH ] EXGล HWX 6DPRU]รฃGX 'RNWRUDQWร Z

'RILQDQVRZDQLH ]H ฤณURGNร Z 6DPRU]รฃGX 'RNWRUDQWร Z VNLHURZDQH MHVW GR XF]HVWQLNร Z VWXGLร Z GRNWRUDQFNLFK VWXGLร Z ,,, VWRSQLD &HO ZVSLHUDQLH DNW\ZQRฤณFL QDXNRZR EDGDZF]HM GRNWRUDQWRP 8(. QDZLรฃ]\ZDQLH NRQWDNWร Z QDXNRZ\FK Z NUDMX L ]D JUDQLFรฃ 'RILQDQVRZDQLH RGE\ZD VLรท GZD UD]\ Z URNX QD ]DVDG]LH NRQNXUVX ZQLRVNร Z 'RILQDQVRZ\ZDQH Vรฃ Z\MD]G\ QD NUDMRZH L PLรทG]\QDURGRZH NRQIHUHQFMH QDXNRZH RUD] SXEOLNDFMH 7


rozmowa )HVWLZDO 1DXNL L 6]WXNL IRW -DQ =\FK

3ILZI =VQ_MZ[a\M\] -SWVWUQKbVMOW _ 3ZISW_QM \W MSWVWUQฤฌKQ Q ย VIV[QฤฌKQ b SZ_Q Q SWฤฌKQ 7[WJa S\{ZaU \aTSW TQKbJa _ OรฐW_QM'

1LH GDMFLH VLรท ]ZLHฤณรฅ pozorom! .LHG\ ]DF]\QDฤ VLรท NZLHWQLRZ\ WXUQLHM HOLPLQDF\MQ\ WR P\ Z\JOรฃGDOLฤณP\ MDN WDF\ OXG]LH GRSLHUR FR RGHUZDQL RG NRPSXWHUร Z 7DN QDV SHZQLH LGHQW\ILNRZDQR t MDNR HNRQRPLVWร Z 6I ZWbXWKbฤ KQ]

\]ZVQMR] JaรฐW VI[ bITML_QM \ZbMKP ?[ba[Ka XZW[\W b XZIKa _Qฤ K _ OIZVQ\]ZIKP ) XWbW[\IรฐM LZ]ฤตaVa _ [SรฐILbQM XW W[{J SIฤตLI XZbMJZIVQ VI [XWZ\W_W ZWbOZbIVQ ยถ_a[\ZbMTIVQยช XW ZWbOZbM_KM

8

6ฤ \V]HOLฤณP\ ล H 3DQร Z SDVMรฃ Vรฃ QLH W\ONR HNRQRPLD L OLF]E\

WHOHZL]RUHP MHGQDN GXล R WUXGQLHM Z\Mฤณรฅ L SRELHJDรฅ

mgr Jรณzef Laskowski (JL) 7R SUDZGD LQWHUHVXMHP\ VLรท Uร ZQLHล VSRUWHP V]F]HJร OQLH SLฤ Nรฃ QRล Qรฃ /XELP\ QLH W\ONR RJOรฃGDรฅ DOH Uร ZQLHล JUDรฅ ฤ DWZR MHVW VLรฃฤณรฅ SU]HG

&]\ 3DQร Z SDVMD PD Uร ZQLHล ]ZLรฃ]HN ] SUDFรฃ Z QDV]HM 8F]HOQL" JL : PRLP SU]\SDGNX ]DF]รทฤ R VLรท WR ]QDF]QLH ZF]HฤณQLHM ER MXล

Z G]LHFLฤกVWZLH NLHG\ SUร ERZDฤ HP EH] ZLรทNV]\FK VXNFHVร Z WUHQRZDรฅ Z NOXELH +XWQLN .UDNร Z 3ร ล QLHM NLHG\ ]DF]รฃฤ HP SUDFRZDรฅ Z 8U]รทG]LH 0DUV]Dฤ NRZVNLP RND]Dฤ R VLรท ล H IXQNFMRQXMH WDP DPDWRUVND GUXล \QD SLฤ NDUVND =DF]รฃฤ HP ZLรทF JUDรฅ ] QLPL &KRรฅ SRF]รฃWNL


7HQ XNU\W\ WDOHQW UD]HP ] 3DQHP .ZHVWRUHP SU]HV]HGฤ QD 8QLZHUV\WHW" JL 1LH ZLHP F]\ WR WDOHQW DOH FRฤณ WDP SU]\V]ฤ R >ฤณPLHFK@

&]\ 3DQ .ZHVWRU PLDฤ RND]Mรท JUDรฅ MDNR SUDFRZQLN 8U]รทGX 0DUV]Dฤ NRZVNLHJR SU]HFLZNR SUDFRZQLNRP 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR" JL 1LH >XฤณPLHFK@ DOH ZUDFDMรฃF MHV]F]H GR PRLFK GRฤณZLDGF]Hฤก VSRUWRZ\FK QD 8F]HOQL WR Z ]ZLรฃ]NX ] W\P ล H GUXล \QD $=6 SLฤ NL QRล QHM Z W\P F]DVLH NLHG\ VWXGLRZDฤ HP E\ฤ D WDN PRFQD MDN NROHJD SU]HG FKZLOรฃ SRZLHG]LDฤ WR QLH EDUG]R PLDฤ HP V]DQVรท VLรท GR QLHM ]Dฤ DSDรฅ *UDฤ HP ZLรทF Z SLฤ Nรท UรทF]Qรฃ Z $=6LH

, MHVW NRQW\QXRZDQH" JL 7DN SDQ GU 3LRWU 0DUNLHZLF] PD Z W\P VZร M QLHPDฤ \ XG]LDฤ &]รทVWR RUJDQL]XMH WUHQLQJL GOD SUDFRZQLNร Z QDV]HM 8F]HOQL -HฤณOL ]GDU]DMรฃ VLรท WXUQLHMH SLฤ NDUVNLH ELHU]HP\ Z QLFK XG]LDฤ 3DQLH 'RNWRU]H F]\ FLรทล NR MHVW ]DFKรทFLรฅ HNRQRPLVWร Z GR VSRUWX" dr Piotr Markiewicz (PM) 1LH QLH MHVW WUXGQR -HVW VSRUD JUXSD SUDFRZQLNร Z QDV]HM 8F]HOQL NWร U]\ Vรฃ DNW\ZQL VSRUWRZR Z Uร ล Q\FK G\VF\SOLQDFK $NXUDW WDN VLรท VNฤ DGD ล H NLOND RVร E JUDฤ R Z SLฤ Nรท QRล Qรฃ ]DZRGRZR ]DQLP UR]SRF]รทฤ \ NDULHUรท QDXNRZรฃ -HฤณOL FKRG]L R PRMรฃ SU]\JRGรท ] SLฤ Nรฃ QRล Qรฃ QD 8F]HOQL WR ]DF]รทฤ D VLรท RQD QD SLHUZV]\P URNX VWXGLร Z NLHG\ WR UD]HP ] F]WHUHPD NROHJDPL GRฤ รฃF]\OLฤณP\ GR SRGVWDZRZHM GUXล \Q\ $=6X *UDฤ HP WDP ]DUร ZQR MDNR VWXGHQW MDN L SUDFRZQLN 8QLZHUV\WHWX .LOND ODW Sร ล QLHM ]RVWDฤ D XWZRU]RQD GUXล \QD *$3X : W\P RVWDWQLP WXUQLHMX >UHG WXUQLHM UR]JU\ZDQ\ SRGF]DV )HVWLZDOX 1DXNL L 6]WXNL Z .UDNRZLH@ QDV]D GUXล \QD VNฤ DGDฤ D VLรท P LQ ] RVร E NWร UH JUDMรฃ UHJXODUQLH Z .DGU]H *$3 2G NLONX ODW MHVWHฤณP\ ]DSUDV]DQL QD WXUQLHM VDPRU]รฃGRZ\ GR 0\ฤณOHQLF JG]LH UHJXODUQLH ]DMPXMHP\ PLHMVFH QD SRGLXP .LHG\ ZLรทF GRVWDOLฤณP\ LQIRUPDFMรท RG NLHURZQLND 6WXGLXP :\FKRZDQLD )L]\F]QHJR L 6SRUWX ล H SRGREQD LPSUH]D MHVW RUJDQL]RZDQD Z UDPDFK )HVWLZDOX 1DXNL L 6]WXNL SRVWDQRZLOLฤณP\ VLรท ]HEUDรฅ L VSUร ERZDรฅf

$OH ]DZV]H SLฤ ND $ MDN DNWXDOQLH Z\JOรฃGD VSUDZD WUHQLQJร Z" .DGUD *$3X WUHQXMH UHJXODUQLH D 3DQRZLH" JL .ROHJD JUD ] NDGUรฃ *$3 RUD] Z LQQ\FK GUXล \QDFK D MD WUHQXMรท Z ]DVDG]LH GZD UD]\ Z W\JRGQLX UD] ] SUDFRZQLNDPL 8U]รทGX 0DUV]Dฤ NRZVNLHJR L UD] Z %URQRZLFDFK ] URG]LFDPL FKฤ RSFร Z NWร U]\ WUHQXMรฃ Z NOXELH ] PRLP V\QHP , Vรฃ WHJR HIHNW\ /Hล รฃ SU]HG QDPL SXFKDU\ PHGDOH G\SORP\ 3LHUZV]H PLHMVFH Z 7XUQLHMX )XWVDORZ\P PM 7R MHVW ]ZLรฃ]DQH ] W\P ล H RG ODW Z WDNLP PQLHM ZLรทFHM VNฤ DG]LH XF]HVWQLF]\P\ Z WXUQLHMX VDPRU]รฃGRZ\P Z 0\ฤณOHQLFDFK 7R ล H WDN GREU]H VLรท ]QDP\ Xฤ DWZLฤ R VSUDZรท 3R]D W\P .DGUD *$3 JUD UHJXODUQLH Z RNUHVLH ]LPRZ\P QD KDOL D Z SR]RVWDฤ \P F]DVLH QD ERLVNX Z UR]JU\ZNDFK QLHG]LHOQHM OLJL :LรทF ]HEUDQLH GUXล \Q\ QLH VWDQRZLฤ R MDNLHJRฤณ ZLรทNV]HJR SUREOHPX 'ฤ XJR WU]HED E\ฤ R WUHQRZDรฅ" PM 7UHQXMHP\ UHJXODUQLH WDNล H VSHFMDOQLH VLรท GR WHJR QLH SU]\JRWRZ\ZDOLฤณP\ : NZLHWQLX RUJDQL]DWRU]\ WXUQLHMX WRZDU]\V]รฃFHJR )HVWLZDORZL 1DXNL L 6]WXNL SU]\MรทOL SHZLHQ V\VWHP HOLPLQDFML NDล GD ] F]WHUHFK GUXล \Q UR]JU\ZDฤ D WU]\ PHF]H 3RWHP Z PDMX RGE\ฤ \ VLรท ILQDฤ \ .LHG\ ]DF]\QDฤ VLรท NZLHWQLRZ\ WXUQLHM HOLPLQDF\MQ\ WR P\ Z\JOรฃGDOLฤณP\ MDN WDF\ OXG]LH GRSLHUR FR RGHUZDQL RG NRPSXWHUร Z 7DN QDV SHZQLH

LGHQW\ILNRZDQR t MDNR HNRQRPLVWร Z 1D UR]SRF]รทFLX WXUQLHMX E\ฤ R QDV ]DOHGZLH WU]HFK :V]\VF\ MHV]F]H SURVWR ] SUDF\ ZLรทF Z JDUQLWXUDFK $ SR]RVWDฤ H GUXล \Q\ Z VNฤ DG]LH SR RVร E NDล GD ZV]\VF\ SU]HEUDQL QD VSRUWRZR UR]JU]DQL Z\VWU]HODQL SR UR]JU]HZFH 3DWU]RQR QD QDV ] SROLWRZDQLHP =DQLP UR]SRF]รฃฤ VLรท SLHUZV]\ PHF] MHV]F]H WU]HFK NROHJร Z ]Gรฃล \ฤ R GRMHFKDรฅ DOH QDGDO E\OLฤณP\ QDMPQLHM OLF]Qรฃ HNLSรฃ -HGQDN Z SLHUZV]\P PHF]X E\ฤ R GOD QDV Z GUXJLP L Z WU]HFLP : NDล G\P UD]LH Z\JUDOLฤณP\ GR Z EUDPNDFK L MXล WURFKรท LQDF]HM QD QDV SDWU]RQR

rozmowa

E\ฤ \ FLรทล NLH ] F]DVHP JUD Z SLฤ Nรท QRล Qรฃ VWDฤ D VLรท ล Uร Gฤ HP QDSUDZGรท GREUHM ]DEDZ\ D WDNล H ZLHOX SU]\Jร G 0LDฤ HP RND]Mรท JUDรฅ QS PHWUร Z SRG ]LHPLรฃ Z .RSDOQL 6ROL Z :LHOLF]FH Z VDOL :DUV]DZD 7R E\ฤ RVWDWQL PHF] MDNL WDP UR]HJUDQR ]DQLP SRZLHV]RQR Z VDOL ล \UDQGROH

JL 7U]HED SU]\]QDรฅ ล H QD ILQDฤ LQQH XF]HOQLH VLรท ]PRELOL]RZDฤ \ LQQH XF]HOQLH VLรท ]PRELOL]RZDฤ \ L Z\VWDZLฤ \ L Z\VWDZLฤ \ PRFQLHMV]H QLHMV]H VNฤ DG\ -Xล QLH E\ฤ R WDN ฤ DWZR PM =JDG]D VLรท Z ILQDOH MXล VLรท Z ILQDOH MXล QLH E\ฤ R WDNLFK Z\QLNร Z DOH ZV]\VWNR QLNร Z DOH ZV]\VWNR PLHOLฤณP\ FDฤ \ F]DV SRG NRQWUROรฃ FKRFLDล DWPRVIHUD E\ฤ D WURFKรท DWPRVIHUD E\ฤ D WURFKรท QHUZRZD 'Zร P NROHJRP EDUG]R ]DOHล Dฤ R JRP EDUG]R ]DOHล Dฤ R QD F]DVLH .U]\V]WRI /LSHFNL ] .DWHGU\ /LSHFNL ] .DWHGU\ 7XU\VW\NL NWร U\ MHVW WHล 7XU\VW\NL NWร U\ MHVW WHล WUHQHUHP Z DNDGHPLL WUHQHUHP Z DNDGHPLL SLฤ NDUVNLHM ฤณSLHV]\ฤ VLรท SRQLHZDล PLDฤ WDP VLรท SRQLHZDล PLDฤ WDP ]DMรทFLD 'DQLHO %XNDOVNL t SUH]HV $=6X Z\MHล Gล Dฤ QD +DORZH 0LVWU]RVWZD 3ROVNL Z )XWVDOX GR /XEOLQD 0LDฤ Z )XWVDOX GR /XEOLQD 0LDฤ SRFLรฃJ FK\ED R D P\ SRFLรฃJ FK\ED R D P\ JUDOLฤณP\ R JRG]LQLH JUDOLฤณP\ R JRG]LQLH 2UJDQL]DWRU]\ ZLHG]รฃF 2UJDQL]DWRU]\ ZLHG]รฃF R W\P ZV]\VWNR SU]HGฤ Xล DR W\P ZV]\VWNR SU]HGฤ Xล DOL E\ฤ \ GRGDWNRZH PHF]H Z\VWรทS\ FKHHUOHDGHUHN 0LHOL QDG]LHMรท ล H NROHG]\ EรทGรฃ PXVLHOL V]\EFLHM ]HMฤณรฅ ] ERLV]\EFLHM ]HMฤณรฅ ] ERLVND $WPRVIHUD E\ฤ D ZLรทF WURFKรท QHUZRZD DOH QD V]F]รทฤณFLH QD V]F]รทฤณFLH ZV]\VWNR VNRฤกF]\ฤ R VLรท VNRฤกF]\ฤ R VLรท GREU]H GREU]H 9


rozmowa

SUDFRZQLNร Z QDV]HM 8F]HOQL ZLรทF

;XWZ\ S[b\Iรฐ\]RM MHVW ]QDQรฃ WXWDM SRVWDFLรฃ -HJR SU]\Nฤ DG SRND]XMH ล H ZLHN QLH VWDKPIZIS\MZ Q \W XWUI- QRZL Dล WDN GXล HM EDULHU\ -HV]F]H MHVWHฤณP\ FDฤ NLHP Pฤ RG]Lf OI XW\MU _ ฤตaKQ] PM 5HODW\ZQLH WDN >ฤณPLHFK@ bI_WLW_aU OLa VQM 2 VSRUFLH L SLฤ FH QRล QHM ]DZV]H _[ba[\SW ]SรฐILI [Qฤ Pร ZLFLH 3DQRZLH ] ZLHONLP ]DDQJDล RZDQLHP L SDVMรฃf 7R QLHNRฤกF]รฃFD \IS RISJaฤฌUa KPKQMTQ VLรท RSRZLHฤณรฅ 3URV]รท SRZLHG]LHรฅ F]\P GOD 3DQร Z MHVW WD JUD" OLa XWRI_QIRฤ [Qฤ JL 7HUD] SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP WDNLP Z{ฤตVM XZWJTMUa \IS KREE\ NWร UH SR]ZDOD XWU]\P\ZDรฅ NRQG\FMรท DOH WHล SHZQH UHODFMH RIS VI JWQ[S] WRZDU]\VNLH 7R WDNล H SHZQD ]DJL -HV]F]H Z X]XSHฤ QLHQLX WHJR FR 3LRWU Pร ZLฤ ZF]HฤณQLHM FKFLDฤ HP ]ZUร FLรฅ XZDJรท QD WR ล H RSUร F] NDGU\ *$3 L W\FK RVร E NWร UH VSRQWDQLF]QLH ]ELHUDMรฃ VLรท RG F]DVX GR F]DVX WR SUDFRZQLF\ Z NDล Gรฃ QLHG]LHOรท R VSRW\NDMรฃ VLรท QD KDOL L JUDMรฃ WDP Z SLฤ Nรท UHJXODUQLH &]\OL MHVW PRล OLZRฤณรฅ UHJXODUQ\FK WUHQLQJร Z GOD 3UDFRZQLNร Z 8(."

)HVWLZDO 1DXNL L 6]WXNL IRW -DQ =\FK

10

JL .Dล G\ PRล H SU]\Mฤณรฅ L ] QLFK VNRU]\VWDรฅ 3RZLHP ZLรทFHM ล HE\ ]DFKรทFLรฅ LQQ\FK : %URQRZLFDFK JUD ] QDPL Z\Nฤ DGRZFD QDXF]\FLHO Mรท]\ND DQJLHOVNLHJR 5DPRQ 6KLQGOHU NWร U\ PD ODW 5DPRQ SUDFXMH QD 8QLZHUV\WHFLH -DJLHOORฤกVNLP Z VWXGLXP Mรท]\NRZ\P XF]\ DQJLHOVNLHJR WDNล H

EDZD RGHMฤณFLH RG UXW\Q\ ]PLDQD RGHUZDQLH VLรท RG F]\QQRฤณFL U]HF]\ZLVW\FK PM 7DN WDN WR WDNL DNW\ZQ\ RGSRF]\QHN X]XSHฤ QLHQLH WHJR FR VLรท UREL DOH Z GXล HM PLHU]H WHล VSUDZG]HQLH VLรท Z Uร ล Q\FK V\WXDFMDFK 6SRUW NV]WDฤ WXMH FKDUDNWHU L WR SRPDJD SRWHP Z ล \FLX ]DZRGRZ\P JG\ QLH ZV]\VWNR XNฤ DGD VLรท WDN MDNE\ฤณP\ FKFLHOL JG\ SRMDZLDMรฃ VLรท Uร ล QH SUREOHP\ WDN MDN QD ERLVNX 1D ELHล รฃFR WU]HED MH UR]ZLรฃ]\ZDรฅ ZLรทF QD SHZQR Z W\P VHQVLH JUD Z SLฤ Nรท Uร ZQLHล SRPDJD $ IDXOH WHล VLรท ]GDU]DMรฃ" JL 2F]\ZLฤณFLH 3HZQHJR UD]X SRGF]DV PHF]X ] RND]ML OHFLD

NOXEX .PLWD =DELHU]ร Z VIDXORZDฤ PQLH VDP .D]LPLHU] :รทJU]\Q >UHG E\ฤ \ SLฤ NDU] +XWQLND :LVฤ \ L &UDFRYLL .UDNร Z REHFQLH NRPHQWDWRU PHF]ร Z (NVWUDNODV\@ 3RF]XZDP WR VRELH ]D GXล \ NRPSOHPHQW 1DWRPLDVW MHV]F]H D SURSRV W\FK Uร ล Q\FK UHODFML WRZDU]\VNLFK 5D] Z W\JRGQLX JUDP ] V\QHP Z %URQRZLFDFK 6\Q SU]\SURZDG]D NROHJร Z VWXGHQWร Z ] $*+ ]UHV]Wรฃ WHล ] SU]HV]ฤ RฤณFLรฃ SLฤ NDUVNรฃ QR L GDMHP\ UDGรท 3R]D W\P WR SR]ZDOD XWU]\P\ZDรฅ GREUH UHODFMH ] Pฤ RG\PL OXGล PL -HGQDN QD WURFKรท LQQ\P SR]LRPLH UR]PDZLD VLรท QD ERLVNX D WURFKรท LQDF]HM SR]D QLP 3ร ล QLHM PRล QD WR SU]Hฤ Rล \รฅ QD LQQH UHODFMH WH SR]D ERLVNRZH =UHV]Wรฃ 3LRWU PLDฤ RND]Mรท SDUรท UD]\ JUDรฅ ] PRLP V\QHP Z SLฤ Nรท 3R]RVWDฤ \ SR W\P GREUH ZUDล HQLD L V\Q QLHUD] Pร ZL PL ล H FKรทWQLH SU]\MHFKDฤ E\ ]DJUDรฅ VRELH ] SDQHP 3LRWUHP 0Rล QD SRZLHG]LHรฅ ล H MHVWHฤณFLH 3DQRZLH LQVSLUDFMรฃ GOD SU]\V]ฤ \FK SRNROHฤก" JL 0LHMP\ QDG]LHMรท PM 2E\ WDN E\ฤ R

2 VZRLFK QLH ]DZV]H HNRQRPLF]Q\FK SDVMDFK RSRZLHG]LHOL QDP PJU -ร ]HI /DVNRZVNL t .ZHVWRU 8(. RUD] GU 3LRWU 0DUNLHZLF] ] .DWHGU\ $QDOL] 6WUDWHJLF]Q\FK


,bQMġ 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH ! UIRI ZWS] b WSIbRQ ,VQI =VQ_MZ[a\M\] -SWVWUQKbVMOW _ 3ZISW_QM RGE\ğR VL÷ XURF]\VWH SRVLHG]HQLH 6HQDWX L 5DG :\G]LDğÐZ 8F]HOQL 11


X Jร U\ 2GVฤ RQLรทFLH WDEOLF\ SDPLDWNRZHM SR SUDZHM -0 5HNWRU SURI 8(. GU KDE LQล $QGU]HM &KRFKร ฤ

D

]LHฤก 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH XSDPLรทWQLD MHฤณOL QLH QDMZDล QLHMV]H WR MHGQR ] QDMZLรทNV]\FK Z\GDU]Hฤก Z KLVWRULL QDV]HM 8F]HOQL 3RQDG G]LHZLรทรฅG]LHVLรฃW ODW WHPX Z URNX Z VNXWHN SU]HNV]WDฤ FHQLD ,QVW\WXWX 7RZDUR]QDZF]HJR SRZRฤ DQR :\ล V]H 6WXGLXP +DQGORZH SLHUZV]H ZFLHOHQLH QDV]HM 8F]HOQL 1D SU]HVWU]HQL ODW ZUD] ] UR]ZRMHP WHJR RฤณURGND DNDGHPLFNLHJR MHJR QD]ZD ]PLHQLDฤ D VLรท NROHMQR QD $NDGHPLรท +DQGORZรฃ :\ล V]รฃ 6]NRฤ รท (NRQRPLF]Qรฃ $NDGHPLรท (NRQRPLF]Qรฃ E\ OLSFD URNX SU]HNV]WDฤ FLรฅ VLรท Z 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .UDNRZLH ']LVLHMV]H ฤณZLรทWR PD ZLรทF SRGZร MQLH XURF]\VW\ FKDUDNWHU XSDPLรทWQLD SRZVWDQLH QDV]HM 8F]HOQL D WDNล H SR]ZDOD XF]FLรฅ OHFLH QDGDQLD MHM QD]Z\ 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .UDNRZLH t SRZLHG]LDฤ 5HNWRU 8(. t SURI GU KDE LQล $QGU]HM &KRFKร ฤ ZLWDMรฃF XF]HVWQLNร Z XURF]\VWRฤณFL

: Z\GDU]HQLX W\P XG]LDฤ Z]LรทOL SU]HGVWDZLFLHO .DQFHODULL 3UH]\GHQWD 53 3DQL 0LQLVWHU GU $QQD 6XUร ZND 3DVHN t 3RGVHNUHWDU]D 6WDQX Z .DQFHODULL 3UH]\GHQWD 53 NRQVXORZLH JHQHUDOQL L KRQRURZL SU]HGVWDZLFLHOH Zฤ DG] 0Dฤ RSROVNL 3RZLDWX .UDNRZVNLHJR RUD] 0LDVWD .UDNRZD Z RVREDFK 3DQD -ร ]HID 3LOFKD t :RMHZRG\ 0Dฤ RSROVNLHJR 3DQL (Oล ELHW\ .RWHUE\ t =DVWรทSF\ 3UH]\GHQWD 0LDVWD .UDNRZD RUD] 3DQD 7DGHXV]D 1DEDJฤ R t 3U]HZRGQLF]รฃFHJR 5DG\ 3RZLDWX Z .UDNRZLH D WDNล H E\OL UHNWRU]\ 8(. SU]HGVWDZLFLHOH 3ROLFML 6WUDล \ 3Rล DUQHM :RMVND L GXFKRZLHฤกVWZD 6ZRMรฃ REHFQRฤณFLรฃ XURF]\VWRฤณรฅ Wรท XฤณZLHWQLOL Uร ZQLHล UHNWRU]\ SURUHNWRU]\ G]LHNDQL L SUDFRZQLF\ XF]HOQL SXEOLF]Q\FK L QLHSXEOLF]Q\FK SU]HGVWDZLFLHOH LQVW\WXFML SXEOLF]Q\FK ZVSร ฤ SUDFXMรฃF\FK ] 8F]HOQLรฃ SUH]HVร Z L G\UHNWRUร Z LQVW\WXFML ILQDQVRZ\FK VWRZDU]\V]Hฤก SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ RUJDQL]DFML VSRฤ HF]Q\FK L ]ZLรฃ]Nร Z D WDNล H 6SRฤ HF]QRฤณรฅ $NDGHPLFND 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH SUDFRZQLF\ QDXNRZR G\GDNW\F]QL L DGPLQLVWUDF\MQL GRNWRUDQFL VWXGHQFL RUD] DEVROZHQFL QDV]HM 8F]HOQL =JRGQLH ] WUDG\FMรฃ ']LHฤก 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH REFKRG]RQ\ MHVW Z IRUPLH RWZDUWHJR SRVLHG]HQLD 6HQDWX L 5DG :\G]LDฤ ร Z 6WDฤ VLรท RQ ZLรทF RND]Mรฃ E\ XF]FLรฅ MXELOHXV] OHFLD SUDF\ QDV]\FK SURIHVRUร Z t SURI GU KDE $QQ\ &]XEDฤ RZHM RUD] SURI GU KDE 5\V]DUGD %RURZLHFNLHJR 12


D WDNล H ZUรทF]\รฅ SURPRFMH KDELOLWDF\MQH L GRNWRUVNLH 3RGF]DV XURF]\VWRฤณFL QDJURG]RQR Uร ZQLHล VWXGHQWร Z 8(. Z\Uร ล QLDMรฃF\FK VLรท Z SUDF\ RUJDQL]DF\MQHM QD U]HF] 8F]HOQL RUD] XKRQRURZDQR QDMOHSV]\FK DEVROZHQWร Z QDV]HJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX : W\P URNX SR UD] SLHUZV]\ ]RVWDฤ D ZUรทF]RQD WDNล H QDJURGD GOD ODXUHDWD , HG\FML .RQNXUVX QD QDMOHSV]HJR $EVROZHQWD 6WXGLร Z 6WDFMRQDUQ\FK 8(. Z ODWDFK : UDPDFK REFKRGร Z WHJRURF]QHJR ฤฒZLรทWD 8F]HOQL Z NRU\WDU]X %XG\QNX *ฤ ร ZQHJR SU]\ 0X]HXP 8(. RVฤ RQLรทWD ]RVWDฤ D WDEOLFD PHPRUDW\ZQD SRฤณZLรทFRQD SSฤ N 'RPLQLNRZL ล G]LHEฤ R 'DQRZVNLHPX SVHXGRQLP e.RUGLDQr NWร U\ XUDWRZDฤ QLH W\ONR ล \FLH ZLHOX 3RODNร Z DOH L SRPQLN SROVNLHM NXOWXU\ L KLVWRULL t .UDNร Z 2EFKRG\ 'QLD 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH XฤณZLHWQLฤ FKร U 8(. e'RPLQDQWDr 13


3URMHNW GREU\FK SUDNW\N _ bISZM[QM _[XIZKQI [\]LMV\{_ b VQMXMรฐVW[XZI_VWฤฌKQฤ _ [bSWรฐIKP _aฤต[baKP

Z

XZDJL QD WUZDMรฃFH RG ]HV]ฤ HJR URNX SUDFH QDG QRZรฃ XVWDZรฃ 3UDZR R V]NROQLFWZLH Z\ล V]\P 3Hฤ QRPRFQLF\ 5HNWRUร Z GV 6WXGHQWร Z ] 1LHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ NLHURZQLF\ L SUDFRZQLF\ %LXU GV 2Vร E 1LHSHฤ QRVSUDZQ\FK SROVNLFK XF]HOQL SURZDG]LOL Z W\P RNUHVLH G]LDฤ DQLD PDMรฃFH QD FHOX ]DEH]SLHF]HQLH RGSRZLHGQLFK ]DSLVร Z GR QRZHM 8VWDZ\ D SU]\QDMPQLHM XWU]\PDQLD W\FK NWร UH RERZLรฃ]\ZDฤ \ GR WHM SRU\ :LรทNV]Rฤณรฅ G]LDฤ Dฤก E\ฤ D SURZDG]RQD ZVSร OQLH SU]H]

XF]HOQLH FKRรฅ QLHNWร UH ]H V]Nร ฤ Z\ล V]\FK Z PLDUรท VZRLFK PRล OLZRฤณFL L QDGDU]DMรฃF\FK VLรท RND]ML SRGHMPRZDฤ \ WDNล H Zฤ DVQH G]LDฤ DQLD 2GE\WR ]DWHP ZLHOH VSRWNDฤก L UR]Pร Z ] NRPLVMDPL NWร UH SU]\JRWRZ\ZDฤ \ ]Dฤ Rล HQLD GR W]Z 8VWDZD SU]HVฤ DQR OLVW\ ]DUร ZQR GR 01L6: MDN L GR ZVSRPQLDQ\FK NRPLVML ]RUJDQL]RZDQR NLOND WHPDW\F]Q\FK NRQIHUHQFML ]DSUDV]DMรฃF SU]HGVWDZLFLHOL ฤณZLDWD QDXNL MDN L DGPLQLVWUDFML SDฤกVWZRZHM 'Xล D F]รทฤณรฅ Z\PLHQLRQ\FK SRZ\ล HM G]LDฤ Dฤก UHDOL]RZDQD E\ฤ D SU]H]

.RPLVMรท GV :\Uร ZQ\ZDQLD 6]DQV (GXNDF\MQ\FK SU]\ .RQIHUHQFML 5HNWRUร Z $NDGHPLFNLFK 6]Nร ฤ 3ROVNLFK .5$63 (IHNWHP SUDF .RPLVML MHVW WHล RWZDUW\ NDWDORJ GREU\FK SUDNW\N NWร U\ MHVW QD Wรท FKZLOรท SURSR]\FMรฃ URERF]รฃ =DFKรทFDP\ ZV]\VWNLFK ]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FK GR XG]LDฤ X Z G\VNXVML QDG W\P SURMHNWHP SURI GU KDE Janina Filek 3URUHNWRU GV .RPXQLNDFML L :VSร ฤ SUDF\ 3U]HZRGQLF]รฃFD .RPLVML GV :\Uร ZQ\ZDQLD 6]DQV (GXNDF\MQ\FK SU]\ .5$63

Kontakt: 1D F]DV XVWDOHQLD RILFMDOQHJR DGUHVX SRF]W\ HOHNWURQLF]QHM .RPLVML HZHQWXDOQH ]DS\WDQLD SURVLP\ NLHURZDรฅ GR %LXUD GV 2Vร E 1LHSHฤ QRVSUDZQ\FK 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH HPDLO ERQ#XHN NUDNRZ SO WHO 14


Projekt dobrych praktyk 3URMHNW GREU\FK SUDNW\N ]URG]Lฤ VLรท SRG-

ZVSDUFLD SU]\ MHGQRF]HVQ\P XUR]PDLFR-

SRVLDGDMรฃFH GREUH UR]H]QDQLH Z UHDOLDFK

F]DV G\VNXVML SRGVXPRZXMรฃFHM ,, )RUXP

Q\P L ]Uร ล QLFRZDQ\P ]DNUHVLH XVฤ XJ DOH

DNDGHPLFNLFK 0DMรฃF MHGQDN ฤณZLDGRPRฤณรฅ

3Hฤ QRPRFQLNร Z Z VSUDZLH 'REU\FK

WHล Vรฃ XF]HOQLH NWร UH QLHGDZQR SRGMรทฤ \ Wรท

ZVSRPQLDQ\FK eUร ล Q\FK SUรทGNRฤณFLr SUR-

SUDNW\N Z 3R]QDQLX PDUFD URNX

G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ GODWHJR Vรฃ GRSLHUR QD SRF]รฃW-

SRQXMHP\ SRG]LDฤ ]HEUDQ\FK SUDNW\N

=RVWDฤ QDVWรทSQLH SU]HG\VNXWRZDQ\ Z UD-

NX WHM IDVF\QXMรฃFHM FKRรฅ QLH GD VLรท XNU\รฅ

QD WU]\ SR]LRP\ ED]RZ\ VWDQGDUGRZ\

PDFK .RPLVML GV :\Uร ZQ\ZDQLD 6]DQV

ล H EDUG]R WUXGQHM GURJL

SRQDGVWDQGDUGRZ\

(GXNDF\MQ\FK SU]\ .5$63 PDUFD URNX D WDNล H SU]HGVWDZLRQ\ L SU]HG\-

%LRUรฃF SRG XZDJรท ]DUร ZQR DVSHNW KLVWR-

3R]LRP ED]RZ\ SRZLQLHQ PLHรฅ QDV]\P

VNXWRZDQ\ Z UDPDFK ; .', Z .UDNRZLH

U\F]Q\ MDN L DNWXDOQ\ VWDQ EDUG]R ]Uร ล QL-

]GDQLHP FKDUDNWHU REOLJDWRU\MQ\ ERZLHP

NZLHWQLD URNX

FRZDQ\FK SR]LRPร Z ZVSDUFLD QD SROVNLFK

t MDN XZDล DP\ t QLH VSRVร E ]HMฤณรฅ G]LVLDM

XF]HOQLDFK XZDล DP\ Lล QDGV]HGฤ MXล F]DV

SRQLล HM ]DSUH]HQWRZDQ\FK WX ]DGDฤก MHฤณOL

DE\ฤณP\ Z SHฤ QL ฤณZLDGRPLH UR]SRF]รทOL

XF]HOQLD U]HF]\ZLฤณFLH P\ฤณOL R SRGMรทFLX

Z QDV]\P NUDMX EXGRZDQLH SROVNLHJR

DNW\ZQRฤณFL QD U]HF] ZVSDUFLD VWXGHQWร Z

2G ZLHOX ODW QD SROVNLFK XF]HOQLDFK SR-

PRGHOX ZVSDUFLD HGXNDF\MQHJR VWXGHQWร Z

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ D W\P EDUG]LHM PD

GHMPRZDQH E\ฤ \ G]LDฤ DQLD PDMรฃFH QD FHOX

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ %UDN ZVSDUFLD

E\รฅ Z W\P ]DNUHVLH ZVSRPDJDQD ILQDQVR-

ZVSDUFLH VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZ-

ILQDQVRZHJR SU]HG U RUD] EUDN SU]H-

ZR ]H ฤณURGNร Z SXEOLF]Q\FK 3R]LRP WHQ

QRฤณFLDPL &KRรฅ SU]\MPRZDฤ \ RQH SRVWDรฅ

SLVร Z Z\NRQDZF]\FK Pร ZLรฃF\FK R PRล OL-

]RVWDฤ SU]\JRWRZDQ\ Z RSDUFLX R ERJDWH GRฤณZLDGF]HQLD XF]HOQL G]Lฤณ QDMEDUG]LHM ]D-

3UHDPEXฤ D

ZVSDUFLD ]RUJDQL]RZDQHJR Z FRUD]

ZRฤณFL Z\NRU]\VWDQLD GRWDFML VSRZRGRZDฤ

EDUG]LHM SURIHVMRQDOQ\ VSRVร E QRV]รฃ

Lล QLHNWร UH ] XF]HOQL ZH Zฤ DVQ\P ]DNUHVLH

DZDQVRZDQ\FK D NWร UH Zฤ DฤณQLH RG WDNLFK

MHGQDN ฤณODG\ LQG\ZLGXDOQ\FK UR]ZLรฃ]Dฤก

VWZRU]\ฤ \ LQWHUHVXMรฃFH UR]ZLรฃ]DQLD EX-

G]LDฤ Dฤก UR]SRF]\QDฤ \

ZSURZDG]RQ\FK SU]H] NRQNUHWQH XF]HOQLH

GXMรฃF W\P VDP\P FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\ GOD

2G URNX NLHG\ ]JRGQLH ] XVWDZรฃ

Zฤ DVQHM XF]HOQL PRGHO ZVSDUFLD VWXGHQWร Z

3R]LRP VWDQGDUGRZ\ QDOHล \ WUDNWRZDรฅ

R V]NROQLFWZLH Z\ล V]\P XF]HOQLH ]DF]รท-

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ : UDPDFK W\FK

MDNR SR]LRP GR NWร UHJR SRZLQQ\ ]PLHU]Dรฅ

ฤ \ RWU]\P\ZDรฅ GRWDFMรท QD RUJDQL]DFMรท

G]LDฤ Dฤก SRZVWDฤ R ZLHOH FLHNDZ\FK L SURIH-

ZV]\VWNLH XF]HOQLH MXล RG MDNLHJRฤณ F]DVX

HGXNDFML Z\Uร ZQXMรฃFHM V]DQVH Pฤ RG]LHล \

VMRQDOQ\FK IRUP ZVSDUFLD FR QLHZรฃWSOLZLH

G]LDฤ DMรฃFH QD SROX ZVSDUFLD HGXNDF\MQHJR

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQHM IRUP\ ZVSDUFLD ]DF]รทฤ \

PRล QD G]LVLDM X]QDรฅ ]D LVWRWQH RVLรฃJQLรทFLH

/LVWD SUDNW\N WX ]DSUH]HQWRZDQ\FK ]RVWDฤ D

SU]\MPRZDรฅ FRUD] EDUG]LHM XMHGQROLFRQรฃ

V]NROQLFWZD SROVNLHJR Z ]DNUHVLH Z\Uร Z-

SU]\JRWRZDQD Z RSDUFLX R GRฤณZLDGF]HQLD

SRVWDรฅ -HGQรฃ ] SU]\F]\Q WHJR VWDQX

Q\ZDQLD V]DQV HGXNDF\MQ\FK VWXGHQWร Z

XF]HOQL ZVSLHUDMรฃF\FK G]Lฤณ QDMZLรทNV]H

U]HF]\ E\ฤ SURVW\ IDNW EUDNX RGSRZLHGQLFK

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ SR]RVWDMรฃFH FR

JUXS\ VWXGHQWร Z

SU]HSLVร Z Z\NRQDZF]\FK GR XVWDZ\

QLH]Z\NOH ZDล QH Z ]JRG]LH ] UDW\ILNRZD-

MDVQR LQIRUPXMรฃF\FK QD FR PRล QD Z\NR-

Qรฃ SU]H] 3ROVNรท Z U .RQZHQFMรฃ 21=

U]\VWDรฅ RWU]\P\ZDQรฃ GRWDFMรท = WHJR WHล

R 3UDZDFK 2Vร E 1LHSHฤ QRVSUDZQ\FK

SRZRGX XF]HOQLH QLH EรทGรฃF SHZQH Z\ELH-

3R]LRP SRQDGVWDQGDUGRZ\ SUH]HQWXMH QDWRPLDVW QDMFLHNDZV]H SU]\Nฤ DG\ LQG\ZLGXDOQLH ZGUDล DQ\FK IRUP ZVSDUFLD

UDฤ \ WH G]LDฤ DQLD NWร UH SURZDG]RQH E\ฤ \

1LH FKFรฃF ] MHGQHM VWURQ\ RVฤ DELDรฅ RZHM

MXล Z LQQ\FK XF]HOQLDFK

QLH]Z\NOH FHQQHM VLฤ \ NUHDW\ZQHJR GXFKD

XF]HOQLDFK Z\]QDF]DMรฃF W\P VDP\P

SRV]F]HJร OQ\FK XF]HOQL DOH ] GUXJLHM

NLHUXQHN SU]\V]ฤ \FK G]LDฤ Dฤก PDMรฃF\FK

VWURQ\ PDMรฃF ฤณZLDGRPRฤณรฅ LVWQLHQLD

GRSURZDG]Lรฅ GR ]EXGRZDQLD SROVNLHJR

'UXJD ] SU]\F]\Q ]ZLรฃ]DQD QLHUR]HUZDOQLH ] SLHUZV]รฃ ZLรฃ]Dฤ D VLรท ] IDNWHP Lล F]รทฤณรฅ XF]HOQL UR]SRF]\QDMรฃFD GRSLHUR

eZLHOX SUรทGNRฤณFLr F]\OL ]Uร ล QLFRZDQHJR

SRGHMPRZDQ\FK Z QLHNWร U\FK SROVNLFK

PRGHOX ZSDUFLD

VWRSQLD ]DDZDQVRZDQLD X]QDOLฤณP\ Z UD-

Z W\P F]DVLH SLHUZV]H G]LDฤ DQLD VWDUDฤ D

PDFK .RPLVML GV :\Uร ZQ\ZDQLD 6]DQV

VLรท QDฤณODGRZDรฅ WH NWร UHM MXล RG ODW SRGHM-

(GXNDF\MQ\FK SRZRฤ DQHM SU]\ .5$63

QD WU]\ SR]LRP\ Z LQWHQFML VZRMHM QLH PD

PRZDฤ \ Wรท G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ = F]DVHP ZLรทF ]D-

]D FHORZH VWZRU]HQLH NDWDORJX GREU\FK

Vฤ Xล \รฅ VWZRU]HQLX QDU]รทG]LD RFHQ\ DQL

F]รฃฤ VLรท NV]WDฤ WRZDรฅ FRUD] Z\UDล QLHM SROVNL

SUDNW\N NWร U\ EรทG]LH SLHUZV]\P NURNLHP

W\P EDUG]LHM WU\ZLDOQHJR SRG]LDฤ X QD OHS-

NDWDORJ IRUP ZVSDUFLD SUH]HQWRZDQ\ SU]\

QD GURG]H GR ]EXGRZDQLD SROVNLHJR

V]\FK L JRUV]\FK DOH MHG\QLH RGGROQHPX

3UH]HQWDFMD GREU\FK SUDNW\N Z SRG]LDOH

RND]ML Uร ล Q\FK NRQIHUHQFML F]\ VSRWNDฤก

PRGHOX ZSDUFLD HGXNDF\MQHJR VWXGHQWร Z

EXGRZDQLX SROVNLHJR PRGHOX ZVSDUFLD

:DUWR MHGQDN ]DXZDล \รฅ ล H ร Z UR]ฤ Rล RQ\

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ -HGQDNล H FKFLH-

HGXNDF\MQHJR SRSU]H] VDPR RUJDQL]DFMรท

QD ODWD SURFHV UR]ZRMX HGXNDFML ZVSLHUDMรฃ-

OLE\ฤณP\ DE\ NDWDORJ GREU\FK SUDNW\N QLH

L VDPR UHJXODFMรท QDV]HJR ฤณURGRZLVND

FHM VSRZRGRZDฤ Lล PDP\ Z QDV]\P NUDMX

VWDฤ VLรท ]DPNQLรทWรฃ OLVWรฃ D ZUรทF] SU]H-

6WDQRZL MHGQRF]HฤณQLH VZRLVWHJR URG]DMX

GR F]\QLHQLD ] eUร ล Q\PL SUรทGNRฤณFLDPLr

FLZQLH DE\ NROHMQH GREUH SUDNW\NL QDGDO

DQDOL]รท VWDQX LVWQLHMรฃFHJR EรทGรฃF ERZLHP

FR R]QDF]D ] EDUG]R ]Uร ล QLFRZDQ\P

URG]Lฤ \ VLรท Z QDV]\FK XF]HOQLDFK L E\ฤ \

]GDQLHP UHODFML ] WHJR FR MXล RVLรฃJQรทOLฤณP\

SR]LRPHP RZHJR ZVSDUFLD 6รฃ XF]HOQLH

LQVSLURZDQH SU]H] RVRE\ EH]SRฤณUHGQLR

'ODWHJR WHล ]DNฤ DGDP\ Lล ]DSUH]HQWRZDQ\

NWร UH RG ODW SURZDG]รฃF G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ QD

SRGHMPXMรฃFH RGSRZLHGQLH G]LDฤ DQLD QD

SRQLล HM NDWDORJ EรทG]LH ] F]DVHP HZROX-

SROX Z\Uร ZQ\ZDQLD V]DQV HGXNDF\MQ\FK

XF]HOQLDFK D QLH SU]H] RVRE\ ZREHF WHJR

RZDฤ ZUD] ]H ]PLDQDPL ]DFKRG]รฃF\PL QD

RVร E ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ RVLรฃJQรทฤ \

ฤณZLDWD ]HZQรทWU]QH L UHSUH]HQWXMรฃFH SRGHM-

SROVNLFK XF]HOQLDFK D GR MHJR UR]EXGR-

SURIHVMRQDOQ\ SR]LRP ฤณZLDGF]RQ\FK IRUP

ฤณFLH MHG\QLH DGPLQLVWUDF\MQH L QLH ]DZV]H

Z\ZDQLD ]DSUDV]DP\ ZV]\VWNLH XF]HOQLH

15


I Poziom wsparcia bazowy

=ZLรทNV]DQLH ฤณZLDGRPRฤณFL F]ฤ RQNร Z

8]QDQLH ]D ]DVDGรท ]DJZDUDQWRZDQLD Z\VRNLHJR SR]LRPX NV]WDฤ FHQLD

ZVSร OQRW\ DNDGHPLFNLHM SUDFRZQLNร Z

3RZRฤ DQLH RVRE\ ]DMPXMรฃFHM VLรท VWX-

]JRGQLH ] RJร OQLH SU]\MรทW\PL VWDQGDU-

L VWXGHQWร Z MHVW MHGQรฃ ] QDMEDUG]LHM

GHQWDPL ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

GDPL DNDGHPLFNLPL

HIHNW\ZQ\FK SUDNW\N Xฤ DWZLDMรฃF\FK

3LHUZV]\P ]DGDQLHP ]ZLรฃ]DQ\P

3R]LRP PHU\WRU\F]Q\ NV]WDฤ FHQLD

VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ

]H ZVSDUFLHP VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QR-

VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณ-

6]NROHQLD L ZDUV]WDW\ SRZLQQ\ E\รฅ

VSUDZQRฤณFLDPL SRZLQQR E\รฅ SRZR-

FLDPL QLH SRZLQLHQ RGELHJDรฅ RG

]Uร ล QLFRZDQH L GRW\F]\รฅ Uร ล QHJR W\SX

ฤ DQLH SU]H] Zฤ DG]H XF]HOQL VSHFMDOQLH

SR]LRPX NV]WDฤ FHQLD VWXGHQWร Z

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFL RUD] SUH]HQWDFML

GHG\NRZDQHM GR WHJR ]DGDQLD RVRE\

SHฤ QRVSUDZQ\FK

ZGURล HQLH Uร ล QRURGQ\FK IRUP ZVSDUFLD

Uร ล Q\FK IRUP ZVSDUFLD VWXGHQWร Z

)XQNFMรท Wรท PRล H SHฤ QLรฅ RVRED NWร UD EรทG]LH PLDฤ D ZSLVDQH Z ]DNUHVLH

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ Z SURFHVLH

VZRLFK RERZLรฃ]Nร Z ]DGDQLH SROH-

NV]WDฤ FHQLD

3U]\JRWRZDQLH IRUP ZVSDUFLD RUD] SURFHGXU LFK XG]LHODQLD

JDMรฃFH QD ZVSDUFLX VWXGHQWร Z ] QLH-

6\VWHPDW\F]QH XGRVWรทSQLDQLH SU]H-

SHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ ,VWRWQ\P MHVW E\

1DOHล \ Gรฃล \รฅ GR WHJR DE\ Z\SUDFR-

VWU]HQL L LQIUDVWUXNWXU\ XF]HOQL GOD

SRVLDGDฤ D SRGVWDZRZรฃ ZLHG]รท Z W\P

ZDQH IRUP\ ZVSDUFLD ]RVWDฤ \ ]DSLVD-

SRWU]HE VWXGHQWร Z ] Uร ล Q\PL URG]DMDPL

]DNUHVLH

QH Z UHJXODPLQLH VWXGLร Z OXE LQQ\P

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFL

GRNXPHQFLH XF]HOQL

6WZRU]HQLH UHDOQHM PRล OLZRฤณFL NRQWDNWX VWXGHQWD ] RVREรฃ ]DM-

8F]HOQLD SRZLQQD V\VWHPDW\F]QLH GR

VWRVRZ\ZDรฅ SU]HVWU]Hฤก L LQIUDVWUXNWXUรท

*URPDG]HQLH L SU]HFKRZ\ZDQLH

PXMรฃFรฃ VLรท ZVSDUFLHP VWXGHQWร Z

LQIRUPDFML R OLF]ELH VWXGHQWร Z ]

XF]HOQL GR SRWU]HE VWXGHQWร Z ] QLH-

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

SHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ UXFKX QS SRSU]H]

1LH]Z\NOH ZDล QH MHVW DE\ GR

8F]HOQLD SRZLQQD SRVLDGDรฅ DNWXDOQรฃ

SHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ Z]URNX QS SRSU]H]

NDQG\GDWร Z RUD] VWXGHQWร Z ] QLH-

OLVWรท VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณ-

R]QDNRZDQLD VDO Z DOIDEHFLH EUDMOD F]\

SHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL GRFLHUDฤ MDVQ\

FLDPL ZUD] ] RU]HF]HQLDPL R VWRSQLX

LQVWDORZDQLH ZLQG ] LQIRUPDFMรฃ Jฤ RVR-

NRPXQLNDW R RVRELH SHฤ QLรฃFHM WDNรฃ

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFL 'DQH SRZLQQ\

Zรฃ ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ Vฤ XFKX QS

IXQNFMรท NRQLHF]QD MHVW RGSRZLHGQLD

E\รฅ SU]HFKRZ\ZDQH ]JRGQLH ] SU]H-

SRSU]H] ]DNฤ DGDQLH SรทWOL LQGXNF\MQ\FK

GRVWรทSQRฤณรฅ DUFKLWHNWRQLF]Qรฃ ] QLH-

LQIRUPDFMD QD VWURQLH LQWHUQHWRZHM

SLVDPL Z W\P R RFKURQLH GDQ\FK

Z VDODFK %H] SRGMรทFLD SRZ\ล V]\FK

XF]HOQL DOH WDNล H E\ NRQWDNW ] Wรฃ

RVRERZ\FK

G]LDฤ Dฤก QLH PRล QD Pร ZLรฅ R SHฤ QHM

RVREรฃ E\ฤ ฤ DWZ\ GR ]UHDOL]RZDQLD Z SUDNW\FH

UHDOL]DFML SUDZD GR VWXGLRZDQLD .Dล GD

II Poziom wsparcia standardowy

XF]HOQLD SRZLQQD ]DWHP GRฤ Rล \รฅ VWDUDฤก DE\ Wรท GRVWรทSQRฤณรฅ ] URNX QD URN

3U]\JRWRZDQLH SHฤ QHM L F]\WHOQHM LQIRUPDFML R GRVWรทSQ\FK GOD VWXGHQWD

SRZLรทNV]Dรฅ

3RZRฤ DQLH MHGQRVWNL RUJDQL]DF\MQHM QS %LXUR GV 2Vร E

IRUPDFK ZVSDUFLD

8GRVWรทSQLHQLH DNDGHPLNร Z GOD SRWU]HE

1LHSHฤ QRVSUDZQ\FK %21

VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

:UD] ]H Z]URVWHP OLF]E\ VWXGHQWร Z

: DNDGHPLNDFK SRZLQQ\ ]RVWDรฅ

SRZLQQD SU]\JRWRZDรฅ NODURZQรฃ RIHUWรท

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ QDOHล \ SRGMรฃรฅ

SU]\JRWRZDQH ]JRGQLH ]H VWDQGDU-

ZVSDUFLD GOD VWXGHQWร Z L ]DSHZQLรฅ

G]LDฤ DQLD QD U]HF] SRZRฤ DQD MHG-

GDPL XQLZHUVDOQHJR SURMHNWRZDQLD

RGSRZLHGQL SU]HSฤ \Z LQIRUPDFML R WHM

QRVWNL RUJDQL]DF\MQHM ]DMPXMรฃFHM VLรท

SRNRMH GOD RVร E ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZ-

RIHUFLH

FRUD] EDUG]LHM VSURIHVMRQDOL]RZDQ\PL

QRฤณFLรฃ UXFKX RUD] ] LQQ\PL URG]DMDPL

IRUPDPL ZVSDUFLD -HGQRVWND WD

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFL

2VRED RGSRZLHG]LDOQD ]D ZVSDUFLH

'R SRGVWDZRZ\FK IRUP ZVSDUFLD

SRZLQQD ]RVWDรฅ ZSLVDQD Z VWUXNWXUรท

SRZLQQR VLรท QD W\P HWDSLH ]DOLF]\รฅ

RUJDQL]DF\MQรฃ XF]HOQL

P LQ SU]HGฤ Xล HQLH F]DVX SLVDQLD HJ]DPLQX ]DOLF]Hฤก DGDSWDFMH PDWH-

:SURZDG]HQLH XVฤ XJL DV\VWHQWD HGXNDF\MQHJR

6WZRU]HQLH PRGHOX ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ SR-

ULDฤ ร Z G\GDNW\F]Q\FK LQIRUPRZDQLH

ZVWDฤ HM MHGQRVWNL RUJDQL]DF\MQHM ]H

Z\Nฤ DGRZFร Z R SRWU]HEDFK VWXGHQWD

VWXGHQWDPL ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

]D MHJR ]JRGรฃ SU]HV\ฤ DQLH SUH]HQ-

:UD] ] UR]ZRMHP %LXUD GV 21 RUD] SRV]HU]DQLHP RIHUW\ ZVSDUFLD QDOHล \ UR]ZDล \รฅ ZSURZDG]HQLH XVฤ XJL

WDFML Z ZHUVML HOHNWURQLF]QHM XG]LH-

3UDFRZQLF\ SRZVWDฤ HM MHGQRVWNL

ODQLH LQIRUPDFML R IRUPDFK SRPRF\

RUJDQL]DF\MQHM SRZLQQL DNW\ZQLH

RERZLรฃ]Nร Z DV\VWHQWD SRZLQQR

PDWHULDOQHM VW\SHQGLXP VSHFMDOQH

ZVSร ฤ SUDFRZDรฅ ]H VWXGHQWDPL ] QLH-

]QDOHล รฅ VLรท P LQ WZRU]HQLH QRWDWHN

DV\VWHQWD HGXNDF\MQHJR : ]DNUHVLH

SURJUDP\ 3)521 RUD] VDPRU]รฃGRZH

SHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL ZVฤ XFKXMรฃF VLรท

RUD] SRPRF Z NZHVWLDFK DGPLQL-

LWS 2IHUWD SRZLQQD E\รฅ SURPRZDQD

Z LFK SRWU]HE\ RUD] NRQVXOWXMรฃF ] QLPL

VWUDF\MQ\FK QD XF]HOQL $V\VWHQWXUD

SU]\ SRPRF\ Uร ล QRURGQ\FK NDQDฤ ร Z

G]LDฤ DQLD PDMรฃFH QD FHOX ZGURล HQLH

HGXNDF\MQD WR ZVSDUFLH QLH W\ONR GOD

NRPXQLNDF\MQ\FK GRVWรทSQ\FK GOD

UDFMRQDOQ\FK XVSUDZQLHฤก

VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ

VWXGHQWร Z P LQ VWURQD LQWHUQHWRZD ] SRGVWDZRZ\PL LQIRUPDFMDPL XORWNL

16

UXFKX DOH Uร ZQLHล ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZ

=DSODQRZDQLH L ZGURล HQLH V\VWHPX

QRฤณFLรฃ Z]URNX Vฤ XFKX OXE LQQ\PL

SODNDW\ VSRWNDQLD ]H VWXGHQWDPL

V]NROHฤก GOD SUDFRZQLNร Z XF]HOQL RUD]

URG]DMDPL Z ]DOHล QRฤณFL RG LQG\ZLGX-

G\ล XU\

VWXGHQWร Z

DOQ\FK SRWU]HE VWXGHQWD


:SURZDG]HQLH XVฤ XJL Wฤ XPDF]D Mรท]\ND

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL Z\SRVDล HQLH

PLJRZHJR

Z VSHFMDOLVW\F]QH RSURJUDPRZD-

PRล H E\รฅ UHDOL]RZDQH SRSU]H] P LQ

QLH RUD] XU]รฃG]HQLD SHU\IHU\MQH

]DWUXGQLHQLH SV\FKRORJD QD VWDฤ H OXE

'RUDล QH ZVSDUFLH SV\FKRORJLF]QH

'OD VWXGHQWร Z QLH GR Vฤ \V]รฃF\FK

6WDQRZLVND PRล QD ]RUJDQL]RZDรฅ

Z PLDUรท SRMDZLDMรฃF\FK VLรท SRWU]HE

]QDMรฃF\FK Mรท]\N PLJRZ\ ZVND]DQH

P LQ Z ELEOLRWHFH OXE Z VSHFMDOQHM VDOL

SRSU]H] G]LDฤ DQLD ]ZLรฃ]DQH ] SURIL-

MHVW ]DSHZQLHQLH GRVWรทSQRฤณFL WUHฤณFL

NRPSXWHURZHM

ODNW\Nรฃ ]GURZLD SV\FKLF]QHJR L SV\-

SU]HND]\ZDQ\FK SRGF]DV ]DMรทรฅ SRSU]H] ZSURZDG]HQLH XVฤ XJL Wฤ XPDF]D

FKRHGXNDFMรฃ RUD] SRSU]H] LQIRUPR

Mรท]\ND PLJRZHJR : QLHNWร U\FK SU]\-

=DSHZQLHQLH GRVWรทSQHM LQIRUPDFML

ZDQLH R PRล OLZ\FK IRUPDFK SRPRF\

HOHNWURQLF]QHM

LQVW\WXFMRQDOQHM

SDGNDFK Wฤ XPDF]D Mรท]\ND PLJRZHJR PRล QD ]DVWรฃSLรฅ SU]H] DV\VWHQWD

:V]HONLH SXEOLNRZDQH PDWHULDฤ \ Z IRU-

HGXNDF\MQHJR

PLH HOHNWURQLF]QHM SRZLQQ\ E\รฅ GR-

$GDSWRZDQLH PDWHULDฤ ร Z

0DWHULDฤ \ ILOPRZH ]DPLHV]F]DQH

FL SU]HZOHNOH FKRU]\ ] QDJฤ \PL XUD]DPL

G\GDNW\F]Q\FK

QD VWURQLH GHG\NRZDQHM VWXGHQWRP ]

G\VOHNVMรฃ NU\]\VDPL SV\FKLF]Q\PL LWS

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL SRZLQQ\ PLHรฅ

3RPRF SRZLQQD E\รฅ XG]LHODQD Z ]DNUHVLH

3U]\VWRVRZDQLH PDWHULDฤ ร Z G\GDN-

GRฤ รฃF]RQรฃ ฤณFLHล Nรท ] DXGLRGHVNU\SFMรฃ

QLHJHQHUXMรฃF\P NRV]Wร Z -HฤณOL XF]HOQLD

W\F]Q\FK P LQ QRWDWHN NVLรฃล HN

L QDSLV\ =GMรทFLD JUDILNL L Z\NUHV\

G\VSRQXMH Zฤ DVQ\PL ฤณURGNDPL ZVSDU-

VWรทSQH ]JRGQLH ]H VWDQGDUGHP :&$*

:VSLHUDQLH VWXGHQWร Z EH] RU]HF]Hฤก

:VSDUFLHP PRJรฃ E\รฅ REMรทFL WDNล H VWXGHQ-

SRGUรทF]QLNร Z รฅZLF]Hฤก GOD SRWU]HE

SRZLQQ\ E\รฅ X]XSHฤ QLRQH RSLVHP

FLH PRล H E\รฅ UHDOL]RZDQH Z V]HUV]\P

VWXGHQWร Z QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

DOWHUQDW\ZQ\P 'RW\F]\ WR Uร ZQLHล

]DNUHVLH

ZLรฃล H VLรท ] NRQLHF]QRฤณFLรฃ LFK ]DSLVD-

NXUVร Z H OHDUQLQJRZ\FK 7UHฤณFL QD

QLD Z SRVWDFL F]DUQRGUXNX OXE XWUZD-

VWURQLH LQWHUQHWRZHM PRJรฃ WDNล H E\รฅ

OHQLD Z GRVWรทSQHM ZHUVML HOHNWURQLF]QHM

SU]HWฤ XPDF]RQH QD Mรท]\N PLJRZ\

0DWHULDฤ \ SRZLQQ\ E\รฅ SU]\JRWRZDQH SURIHVMRQDOQLH L ]DZV]H SRG NรฃWHP SRWU]HE VWXGHQWD DOH R LOH WR PRล OLZH

3RGHMPRZDQLH G]LDฤ Dฤก PDMรฃF\FK QD

III Poziom wsparcia ponadstandardowy

FHOX VIRUPXฤ RZDQLH L SRSXODU\]DFMรท SUDZQ\FK DVSHNWร Z ZVSDUFLD VWXGHQ-

SRZLQQ\ E\รฅ GRVWรทSQH GOD ZLรทNV]HM JUXS\ VWXGHQWร Z QS ]DUร ZQR GOD

8G]LDฤ Z SUDFDFK OHJLVODF\MQ\FK

Wร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

6WZRU]HQLH PRล OLZRฤณFL GR SR-

RVร E Vฤ DERZLG]รฃF\FK MDN L RVร E

ZVWDQLD =U]HV]HQLD 6WXGHQWร Z

QLHZLGRP\FK NRU]\VWDMรฃF\FK ] V\QWH-

1LHSHฤ QRVSUDZQ\FK

W\IORLQIRUPDW\F]QHM

VLรท WDNล H ]H VWZRU]HQLHP PRล OLZRฤณFL

6WXGHQFL G]LDฤ DMรฃF\ Z UDPDFK =61

: PLDUรท SRWU]HE L PRล OLZRฤณFL PRล -

VDPRG]LHOQHJR RSUDFRZDQLD L SU]\-

X]\VNDMรฃ QLH W\ONR ZLรทNV]รฃ PRล OLZRฤณรฅ

QD XWZRU]\รฅ VSHFMDOQH VWDQRZLVNR

JRWRZDQLD PDWHULDฤ ร Z G\GDNW\F]Q\FK

UHSUH]HQWRZDQLD LQWHUHVร Z ฤณURGRZL-

VWDQRZLVND NRPSXWHURZH ] SURIH-

SU]H] VDP\FK VWXGHQWร Z QS VNDQR-

VND DOH WDNล H G]LรทNL SRZRฤ DQLX VZRMHM

VMRQDOQ\P VSU]รทWHP RUD] RSURJUD-

ZDQLD NVHURZDQLD GUXNRZDQLD GR

RUJDQL]DFML PDMรฃ PRล OLZRฤณรฅ XWZRU]H-

PRZDQLHP ZVSLHUDMรฃF\P DGDSWDFMรท

IRUPDWX $

QLD V\VWHPX Z]DMHPQHJR ZVSDUFLD

6WZRU]HQLH SUDFRZQL

]DWRUD PRZ\ $GDSWDFMD PRล H ZLรฃ]Dรฅ

PDWHULDฤ ร Z GR SRWU]HE VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLรฃ Z]URNX

:SURZDG]HQLH OHNWRUDWร Z ] Mรท]\Nร Z

8G]LDฤ VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL Z RUJDQL]DFMDFK VWXGHQFNLFK

REF\FK Z IRUPLH DOWHUQDW\ZQHM

8WZRU]HQLH OHNWRUDWX Mรท]\ND SROVNLH-

NRฤ DFK QDXNRZ\FK LWS

JR GOD RVร E QLHVฤ \V]รฃF\FK

E\รฅ SURZDG]RQH Z IRUPLH GRVWRVR-

6WXGHQFL ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

-รท]\N SROVNL GOD RVร E QLHVฤ \V]รฃF\FK

ZDQHM GOD VWXGHQWร Z ] Uร ล Q\PL QLH-

SRZLQQL PLHรฅ ]DJZDUDQWRZDQ\ GR-

MHVW Mรท]\NLHP REF\P MHJR QDXNรท

SHฤ QR VSUDZQRฤณFLDPL Jฤ ร ZQLH Vฤ XFKX

VWรทS GR G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL Z RUJDQL]DFMDFK

PRล QD ]DOLF]\รฅ MDNR QDXNรท GRGDWNR-

L Z]URNX RUD] RVร E ] SUREOHPDPL

VWXGHQFNLFK L NRฤ DFK QDXNRZ\FK

ZHJR Mรท]\ND

NRPXQLNDF\MQ\PL

LWS Z VWRSQLX Uร ZQ\P ] SR]RVWDฤ \PL

/HNWRUDW\ ] Mรท]\Nร Z REF\FK SRZLQQ\

VWXGHQWDPL

IL]\F]QHJR Z IRUPLH DOWHUQDW\ZQHM

=RUJDQL]RZDQLH WUDQVSRUWX

:VSLHUDQLH SURFHVX DNW\ZL]DFML

: PLDUรท PRล OLZRฤณFL XF]HOQLD PRล H

]DZRGRZHM

]RUJDQL]RZDรฅ WUDQVSRUW Z V]F]HJร O-

=DMรทFLD ] Z\FKRZDQLD IL]\F]QHJR

QRฤณFL GOD VWXGHQWร Z ] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZ-

SRZLQQ\ E\รฅ ]RUJDQL]RZDQH Z WDNLHM

: PLDUรท PRล OLZRฤณFL QDOHล \ ]DJZDUDQ-

IRUPLH DE\ VWXGHQW Pร Jฤ Z QLFK

WRZDรฅ ZVSDUFLH Z DNW\ZL]DFML ]DZRGR-

QRฤณFLรฃ UXFKX

XF]HVWQLF]\รฅ QLH]DOHล QLH RG VZRMHM

ZHM SRSU]H] P LQ UR]SRZV]HFKQLDQLH

QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFL

RIHUW SUDF\ SURZDG]HQLH SURMHNWร Z

3U]\VWRVRZDQLH VWDQRZLVN

W\NL VWDล X RUD] SRSU]H] SURZDG]HQLH

Z XF]HOQLDFK SRZLQQ\ E\รฅ SURZDG]RQH

NRPSXWHURZ\FK

VSHFMDOLVW\F]Q\FK V]NROHฤก

G]LDฤ DQLD ฤณZLDGRPRฤณFLRZR HGXNDF\MQH

XG]LHODQLH SRPRF\ Z X]\VNDQLX SUDN

:SURZDG]HQLH ]DMรทรฅ ] Z\FKRZDQLD

8ZDJD NRฤกFRZD 1LH]DOHล QLH RG SR]LRPX ZVSDUFLD

GOD SUDFRZQLNร Z RUD] VWXGHQWร Z 2UJDQL]DFMD WDNLFK VWDQRZLVN SRZLQQD XZ]JOรทGQLDรฅ SRWU]HE\ RVร E ] Uร ล Q\PL

3URZDG]HQLH SURILODNW\NL ]GURZLD

XF]HOQL QD WHPDW SUDZ L SRWU]HE RVร E

SV\FKLF]QHJR

] QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQRฤณFLDPL

17


) RMLVIS QLH EรทG]LH

XVWDZ\ W [\IรฐMR KMVQM S[Qฤ ฤตSQ

6PXWHN VSHฤ QLRQ\FK EDฤณQL t W\WXฤ NVLรฃล NL -ร ]HID .R]LHOHFNLHJR t QLHLVWQLHMรฃFD MXล NVLรทJDUQLD &DPHQD SU]\ 5\QNX *ฤ ร ZQ\P Z .UDNRZLH PDUFD U IRW 7DGHXV] )LODU

18

? W[\I\VQU KbI[QM XW_Z{KQรฐI [XZI_I =[\I_a W [\IรฐMR KMVQM S[Qฤ ฤตSQ 7LJaรฐa [Qฤ U QV SWV[]T\IKRM _ 5QVQ[\MZ[\_QM 3]T\]Za Q ,bQMLbQK\_I 6IZWLW_MOW _ UMLQIKP La[S]\W_IVW Q [XQMZIVW [Qฤ XW_\IZbIRฤ K bVIVM _[ba[\SQU IZO]UMV\a bI Q XZbMKQ_

P

1LF MHGQDN ] WHJR ]QRZX QLH EรทG]LH L FK\ED GREU]H

RP\Vฤ RGDZFRP NWร U]\ t SU]\]QDMP\ t PDMรฃ VSRUR UDFML QLH XGDฤ R VLรท SU]HNRQDรฅ QLH W\ONR U]รฃGX GR WHM LQLFMDW\Z\ DOH WDNล H VSRUHM F]รทฤณFL EH]SRฤณUHGQLR ]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FK t Z\GDZFร Z L NVLรทJDU]\ D MXล ]XSHฤ QLH NOLHQWร Z NVLรทJDUฤก 7\P RVWDWQLP WUXGQR ]DSHZQH XZLHU]\รฅ ล H ]DRV]F]รทG]RQH QD SU]HFHQDFK NZRW\ Z\GDZF\ SU]H]QDF]รฃ QD ZVSLHUDQLH L ODQVRZDQLH DXWRUร Z RUD] G]LHฤ OLWHUDWXU\ eZDUWRฤณFLRZHMr eDPELWQHMr LWG = NROHL XZDล QL REVHUZDWRU]\ U\QNX NVLรฃล NL ZLHG]รฃ ล H U\QHN WHQ UR]UHJXORZDOL VDPL MHJR XF]HVWQLF\ t Z\GDZF\ KXUWRZQLF\ L NVLรทJDU]H ล H VSRUR E\ฤ R L MHVW SDWRORJLL QLHU]HWHOQRฤณFL Z LFK Z]DMHPQ\FK UHODFMDFK ล H WDN GDOHNR LGรฃFD

LQJHUHQFMD SDฤกVWZD Z MDNLPฤณ VWRSQLX RJUDQLF]DMรฃFD SU]HFLHล ZROQRฤณรฅ JRVSRGDUF]รฃ L RELHJ SXEOLNDFML PD VZRMH GREUH L ]ฤ H VWURQ\ ล H ZUHV]FLH SU]HQRV]HQLH QD JUXQW SROVNL GRฤณZLDGF]Hฤก )UDQFML F]\ 1LHPLHF QLH MHVW GR NRฤกFD EH]SLHF]QH FKRFLDล E\ SU]H] Z]JOรฃG QD VLฤ รท QDE\ZF]รฃ QDV]HJR F]\WHOQLND ER SU]HFLHล WR RQ ]D ZV]\VWNR RVWDWHF]QLH ]DSฤ DFL =DXZDล P\ Uร ZQLHล ล H JUD WRF]\ VLรท Jฤ ร ZQLH R EHVWVHOOHU\ L SRGUรทF]QLNL DOERZLHP QDNฤ DG\ L VSU]HGDล WHJR URG]DMX Z\GDZQLFWZ MHVW QDMZLรทNV]D &HQ\ W\FK SLHUZV]\FK Vรฃ Z JUXQFLH U]HF]\ PDฤ R LVWRWQH ]H VSRฤ HF]QHJR SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD Z SU]\SDGNX SRGUรทF]QLNร Z MXล WDN QLH MHVW , EรฃGล WX PรฃGU\


3UREOHP MHGQDN SR]RVWDMH -HV]F]H 3UREOHP MHGQDN SR]RVWDMH -HV]F]H NLONDQDฤณFLH ODW WHPX Z REUรทELH 5\QNX NLONDQDฤณFLH ODW WHPX Z REUรทELH 5\QNX *ฤ ร ZQHJR Z .UDNRZLH G]LDฤ Dฤ R NLOND *ฤ ร ZQHJR Z .UDNRZLH G]LDฤ Dฤ R NLOND NVLรทJDUฤก REHFQLH SRG ]QDNLHP NVLรทJDUฤก REHFQLH SRG ]QDNLHP ]DS\WDQLD VWRMรฃ ORV\ RVWDWQLHM NWร UHM WUDG\FMD VLรทJD ;9,, ZLHNX 6SDGD GUDVW\F]QLH LFK OLF]ED Z LQQ\FK SROGUDVW\F]QLH LFK OLF]ED Z LQQ\FK SROVNLFK PLDVWDFK D WH NWร UH MHV]F]H VNLFK PLDVWDFK D WH NWร UH MHV]F]H WUZDMรฃ VS\FKDQH Vรฃ GR ERF]Q\FK XOLF SHU\IHULL JDOHULL KDQGORZ\FK .VLรฃล ND MHVW W\P VDP\P FRUD] PQLHM ZLGRF]QD Z SU]HVWU]HQL SXEOLF]QHM ZLGRF]QD Z SU]HVWU]HQL SXEOLF]QHM RGGDOD VLรท RG SRWHQFMDOQHJR QDE\ZF\ 2F]\ZLฤณFLH G]LHMH VLรท WDN WDNล H GODWHJR ล H KDQGHO NVLรฃล Nรฃ SU]HQLร Vฤ VLรท Z ]QDF]QHM F]รทฤณFL GR VLรท Z ]QDF]QHM F]รทฤณFL GR VLHFL NWร UD Uร ZQLHล GRVWDUF]D WHNVWร Z Z IRUPLH VWDUF]D WHNVWร Z Z IRUPLH HOHNWURQLF]QHM 3URFHV WHQ WUXGQR MHGQDN UR]SDWU\ZDรฅ Z RGHUZDQLX RG V\VWHZ RGHUZDQLX RG V\VWHPDW\F]QLH SRJDUV]DMรฃFHJR VLรท VWDQX F]\WHOQLFWZD Z 3ROVFH WHOQLFWZD Z 3ROVFH -HVW RQ ]DUร ZQR -HVW RQ ]DUร ZQR MHJR SU]\F]\Qรฃ MHJR SU]\F]\Qรฃ MDN L VNXWNLHP MDN L VNXWNLHP 3RZVWDMH ]DWHP S\WDQLH R PLHMVFH S\WDQLH R PLHMVFH NVLรฃล NL Z SROLW\FH NVLรฃล NL Z SROLW\FH NXOWXUDOQHM SDฤกVWZD ]QDF]HQLH LQWHUZHQFML L UHJXODFML QD U\QNX FML L UHJXODFML QD U\QNX NVLรฃล NL 7DN VLรท DNXUDW NVLรฃล NL 7DN VLรท DNXUDW VNฤ DGD ล H ZH ZV]\VWNLFK NUDMDFK QDV]HM F]รทฤณFL NUDMDFK QDV]HM F]รทฤณFL (XURS\ Mรท]\N VWDQRZL NOXF]RZ\ HOHPHQW WRล VDPRฤณFL QDURGRZHM D OXG]LH NVLรฃล NL t QDURGRZHM D OXG]LH NVLรฃล NL t OLWHUDFL XF]HQL Z\GDZF\ NVLรทJDU]H L ELEOLRWHNDU]H MDNR JUXS\ JDU]H L ELEOLRWHNDU]H MDNR JUXS\ ]DZRGRZH ]DDQJDล RZDQL E\OL Z SURFHV\ EXGRZ\ EรฃGล REURQ\ Z SURFHV\ EXGRZ\ EรฃGล REURQ\ WHM WRล VDPRฤณFL 7R t Z PRLP WHM WRล VDPRฤณFL 7R t Z PRLP SU]HNRQDQLX t ZFLรฃล VWDQRZL QLHEDJDWHOQ\ NDSLWDฤ VSRฤ HF]QHJR V]DFXQNX L ]DXIDQLD QHJR V]DFXQNX L ]DXIDQLD SUHVWLล X NVLรฃล NL L OXG]L NVLรฃล NL SUHVWLล X NVLรฃล NL L OXG]L NVLรฃล NL :DUWR R W\P SDPLรทWDรฅ GHED:DUWR R W\P SDPLรทWDรฅ GHEDWXMรฃF R SU]\V]ฤ RฤณFL ELEOLRWHN WXMรฃF R SU]\V]ฤ RฤณFL ELEOLRWHN LL NVLรทJDUฤก NVLรทJDUฤก 1LHZรฃWSOLZLH ]QDMGXMHP\ VLรท 1LHZรฃWSOLZLH ]QDMGXMHP\ VLรท Z NU\]\VRZ\P PRPHQFLH GOD U\QNX NVLรฃล NL D V]F]HJร OQLH U\QNX NVLรฃล NL D V]F]HJร OQLH GOD SHZQ\FK MHJR LQVW\WXFML 0\ฤณOรท WXWDM R PDฤ \FK QLH]D0\ฤณOรท WXWDM R PDฤ \FK QLH]DOHล Q\FK Z\GDZQLFWZDFK LL t SU]HGH ZV]\VWt SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP t WUDG\F\MQ\P NLP t WUDG\F\MQ\P

NVLรทJDUVWZLH VWDFMRQDUQ\P GOD NWร UHJR U\ZDOHP Vรฃ ]DUร ZQR ZLHONLH VLHFL MDN LL KDQGHO LQWHUQHWRZ\ KDQGHO LQWHUQHWRZ\ Z RJร OH 'UREQH Z RJร OH 'UREQH Z\GDZQLFWZD Z\GDZQLFWZD QD RJร ฤ IXQNFMRQXMรฃ IXQNFMRQXMรฃ UHDOL]XMรฃF SURMHNW\ ILQDQVRZDQH ILQDQVRZDQH SU]H] SDฤกVWZR L VDPRVWZR L VDPRU]รฃG RUD]

SU\ZDWQ\FK VSRQVRUร Z L P\ฤณ SU\ZDWQ\FK VSRQVRUร Z L P\ฤณOรท ล H WDN SR]RVWDQLH ,FK GRPHQรฃ Z WDN SR]RVWDQLH ,FK GRPHQรฃ ZFLรฃล EรทGรฃ QLVNRQDNฤ DGRZH FKRรฅ EรทGรฃ QLVNRQDNฤ DGRZH FKRรฅ QLH]Z\NOH ZDล QH ] SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD NOH ZDล QH ] SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD NXOWXU\ QDURGRZHM Z\GDZQLFWZD 2 Z QDURGRZHM Z\GDZQLFWZD 2 ZLHOH EDUG]LHM WUXGQ\P L VNRPSOLNRZ EDUG]LHM WUXGQ\P L VNRPSOLNRZDQ\P ]DGDQLHP MHVW ZVSDUFLH L RFK ]DGDQLHP MHVW ZVSDUFLH L RFKURQD LQG\ZLGXDOQ\FK NVLรทJDUฤก VWDFMR G\ZLGXDOQ\FK NVLรทJDUฤก VWDFMRQDUQ\FK MHฤณOL t U]HF] MDVQD t X]QDP\ ล MHฤณOL t U]HF] MDVQD t X]QDP\ ล H WU]HED WR ]URELรฅ =DF]รฃรฅ QDOHล \ RG ]GHILQLRZDQ =DF]รฃรฅ QDOHล \ RG ]GHILQLRZDQLD NVLรทJDUQL t MHM UROL L ]DGDฤก Z NRQWHNฤณFLH JDUQL t MHM UROL L ]DGDฤก Z NRQWH SROLW\NL NXOWXUDOQHM SDฤกVWZD SROLW\NL NXOWXUDOQHM SDฤกVWZD -HฤณOL Mรฃ ERZLHP SRVWU]HJDรฅ EรทG]LHP ERZLHP SRVWU]HJDรฅ EรทG]LHP\ MDNR LQVW\WXFMรท NXOWXU\ ZDล QH RJQ LQVW\WXFMรท NXOWXU\ ZDล QH RJQLZR Z SURPRFML L UR]SRZV]HFKQLD Z SURPRFML L UR]SRZV]HFKQLDQLX Z\GDZQLFWZ ZWHQF]DV SRGMรทFLH GDZQLFWZ ZWHQF]DV SRGMรทFLH NRQNUHWQ\FK G]LDฤ Dฤก Z\GDMH VLรท MXล R Q\FK G]LDฤ Dฤก Z\GDMH VLรท MXล RF]\ZLVWH L NRQLHF]QH : W\P SU]\SDGN L NRQLHF]QH : W\P SU]\SDGNX QLH MHVW MHGQDN ZDล QH VDPR W\ONR LVWQ MHGQDN ZDล QH VDPR W\ONR LVWQLHQLH L IXQNFMRQRZDQLH WHJR URG]DMX L IXQNFMRQRZDQLH WHJR URG]DMX SODFร ZHN DOH Uร ZQLHล LFK PLHMVFH ZHN DOH Uร ZQLHล LFK PLHMVFH Z SU]HVWU]HQL SXEOLF]QHM VWรฃG WHล VWU]HQL SXEOLF]QHM VWรฃG WHล ZLHONLH ]DGDQLH VWRL WDNล H SU]HG ]DGDQLH VWRL WDNล H SU]HG VDPRU]รฃGDPL RGSRZLHG]LD U]รฃGDPL RGSRZLHG]LDOQ\PL ]D NV]WDฤ WRZDQLH WHM SU]H NV]WDฤ WRZDQLH WHM SU]HVWU]HQL 8VWDZD R VWDฤ HM FHQLH 8VWDZD R VWDฤ HM FHQLH NVLรฃล NL FKRรฅ SU]HPDZLD ]D MH FKRรฅ SU]HPDZLD ]D MHM ZSURZDG]HQLHP ZLHOH QLH ] ZDG]HQLHP ZLHOH QLH ]Dฤ DWZL ZV]\VWNLFK SUREOHPร Z 6 ZV]\VWNLFK SUREOHPร Z 6SUDZ\ NVLรฃล NL L F]\WHOQLFWZD ]DV NVLรฃล NL L F]\WHOQLFWZD ]DVฤ XJXMรฃ QD NRPSOHNVRZH UR]ZLรฃ] QD NRPSOHNVRZH UR]ZLรฃ]DQLH t QDZHW Z IRUPLH XVWDZ\ t QDZHW Z IRUPLH XVWDZ\ NWร UD REHMPLH ]DUร ZQR NRQLHF REHMPLH ]DUร ZQR NRQLHF]QH UHJXODFMH U\QNX NVLรฃล NL UHJXODFMH U\QNX NVLรฃล NL MDN Uร ZQLHล QDฤ Rล \ SHZQH RERZ QLHล QDฤ Rล \ SHZQH RERZLรฃ]NL QD VDPRU]รฃG\ D GRW\F QD VDPRU]รฃG\ D GRW\F]รฃFH MXล EH]SRฤณUHGQLR IXQNFMRQ EH]SRฤณUHGQLR IXQNFMRQRZDQLD VLHFL NVLรทJDUฤก 1LH PR VLHFL NVLรทJDUฤก 1LH PRล QD ERZLHP OLF]\รฅ Z\ฤ รฃF] ERZLHP OLF]\รฅ Z\ฤ รฃF]QLH QD LQLFMDW\Z\ RGGROQ QD LQLFMDW\Z\ RGGROQH GREUรฃ ZROรท Zฤ DG] ORNDO EUรฃ ZROรท Zฤ DG] ORNDOQ\FK LWS 3R]D W\P HZHQ LWS 3R]D W\P HZHQWXDOQH ZSURZDG]DQLH VWDฤ H ZSURZDG]DQLH VWDฤ HM FHQ\ NVLรฃล NL ]DSHZQH XG NVLรฃล NL ]DSHZQH XGHU]\ Z LQWHQV\ZQ\FK QD Z LQWHQV\ZQ\FK QDE\ZFร Z NVLรฃล NL HOLWรท F]\WH NVLรฃล NL HOLWรท F]\WHOQLF]รฃ ZDUWR ]DWHP UR]Z ZDUWR ]DWHP UR]ZDล \รฅ ZSURZDG]HQLH X ZSURZDG]HQLH XOJ SRGDWNRZ\FK SU]\QDMP NRZ\FK SU]\QDMPQLHM GOD W\FK JUXS NWร UH W\FK JUXS NWร UH ] UDFML FKRFLDล E\ SREL FKRFLDล E\ SRELHUDQLD QDXNL Z\NRQ\Z QDXNL Z\NRQ\ZDQHJR ]DZRGX GRNRQ ]DZRGX GRNRQXMรฃ ]QDF]Q\FK ]DN ]QDF]Q\FK ]DNXSร Z NVLรฃล HN &KURQLรฃF L ZVSLH &KURQLรฃF L ZVSLHUDMรฃF NVLรทJDUVWZR VWDF NVLรทJDUVWZR VWDFMRQDUQH QLH PRล HP QDUQH QLH PRล HP\

:LHV]F] $GDP 0LFNLHZLF] SDWU]\ Z VWURQรทf F]HUZFD U IRW 7DGHXV] )LODU

19


f SLHUZV]HM Z (XURSLH U L RVWDWQLHM LVWQLHMรฃFHM SU]\ 5\QNX *ฤ ร ZQ\P t QXPHU Z .UDNRZLH NVLรทJDUQLf F]HUZFD U IRW 7DGHXV] )LODU

20

MHGQDN ]DSRPLQDรฅ R NRU]\ฤณFLDFK Z\QLNDMรฃF\FK ] UR]ZRMX KDQGOX L UR]SRZV]HFKQLDQLD Z RJร OH NVLรฃล NL Z ,QWHUQHFLH 1LHNWร UH SXEOLNDFMH PDMรฃ V]DQVH GRWU]Hรฅ GR RGELRUF\ MHG\QLH ]D SRฤณUHGQLFWZHP VLHFL :LHOX NVLรทJDU]\ L DQW\NZDULXV]\ RGQLRVฤ R VXNFHV Zฤ DฤณQLH G]LรทNL WHPX ล H V]\ENR RWZLHUDOL VLรท QD WR QRZH PHGLXP L XPLHMรทWQLH Z\NRU]\VW\ZDOL PRล OLZRฤณFL MDNLH ]H VREรฃ RQR QLHVLH &L NWร U]\ WHJR QLH ]URELOL EDUG]R F]รทVWR SRQLHฤณOL NOรทVNรท ]QDOHล OL VLรท QD PDUJLQHVLH ,QWHUQHW EH] ZรฃWSLHQLD SRV]HU]\ฤ REV]DU\ XF]HVWQLFWZD Z NXOWXU]H Z W\P L ]DVLรทJ NVLรฃล NL : SU]\SDGNX ZWร UQHJR U\QNX NVLรฃล NL Z VSRVร E QLHPDMรฃF\ SUHFHGHQVX XUXFKRPLฤ ROEU]\PLH SRNฤ DG\ DVRUW\PHQWX NWร UH GR WHM SRU\ QLH PLDฤ \ V]DQV ZHMฤณรฅ GR REURWX L SR]RVWDZDฤ \ SR]D ]DVLรทJLHP WUDG\F\MQ\FK LQVW\WXFML L IRUP KDQGOX NVLรฃล Nรฃ 3U]HPLDQ\ SROLW\F]QH HNRQRPLF]Qรฃ L WHFKQRORJLF]QH SR]ZROLฤ \ QDV]\P DQW\NZDULXV]RP RUD] ELEOLRILORP Z\Mฤณรฅ ] L]RODFML L SRZUร FLรฅ QD U\QNL HXURSHMVNLH L ฤณZLDWRZH 2G ODW REVHUZXMHP\ VWDOH QDUDVWDMรฃF\ LPSRUW ZV]HONLHJR URG]DMX SRORQLNร Z NWร UH SU]H] VWXOHFLD XOHJDฤ \ UR]SURV]HQLX 7R QLH]Z\NOH SR]\W\ZQ\ SURFHV NRU\JXMรฃF\ IDWDOQH VNXWNL ]DERUร Z ZRMHQ RNXSDFML L ZUHV]FLH

G]LZDF]QHM SROLW\NL ZDOXWRZHM ODW NRPXQL]PX =GDMรท VRELH VSUDZรท ล H ZREHF SUREOHPร Z U\QNX NVLรฃล NL QRZHM t Z\GDZFร Z L NVLรทJDUVWZD Vรฃ WR NZHVWLH PDUJLQDOQH MHGQDNRZRล ] SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD G]LHG]LFWZD QDURGRZHJR QLH]Z\NOH ZDล QH ZDUWH XZ]JOรทGQLHQLD Z SODQRZDQLX SROLW\NL NXOWXUDOQHM SDฤกVWZD 3U]HSLV\ SRGDWNRZH MDN L XVWDZRGDZVWZR R RFKURQLH ]DE\WNร Z PDMรฃ LVWRWQ\ ZSฤ \Z QD IXQNFMRQRZDQLH WHJR VSHF\ILF]QHJR L DXWRQRPLF]QHJR VHJPHQWX U\QNX NVLรฃล NL :DUWR ]ZUร FLรฅ XZDJรท L QD WR ล H L QD W\P U\QNX ]DV]ฤ \ QLHNRU]\VWQH SURFHV\ t NXUF]HQLH VLรท VLHFL SODFร ZHN VWDFMRQDUQ\FK L VNXSLHQLH VLรท HOLWDUQHM F]รทฤณFL EUDQล \ Z GZร FK RฤณURGNDFK Z .UDNRZLH L Z :DUV]DZLH U\QNX DXNFML DQW\NZDU\F]Q\FK 7XWDM Uร ZQLHล VDPRU]รฃG\ PDMรฃ V]DQVรท ] NRU]\ฤณFLรฃ GOD ฤณURGRZLVN ORNDOQ\FK SRGMรฃรฅ G]LDฤ DQLD ]PLHU]DMรฃFH GR RGZUร FHQLD QLHNRU]\VWQ\FK WHQGHQFML 5HDVXPXMรฃF HZHQWXDOQH LQWHUZHQFMH SDฤกVWZD QD U\QNX NVLรฃล NL SRZLQQ\ PLHรฅ FKDUDNWHU UR]ZLรฃ]Dฤก NRPSOHNVRZ\FK 1LHZรฃWSOLZLH V\WXDFMD Z\PDJD UDG\NDOQ\FK QDZHW GRUDล Q\FK G]LDฤ Dฤก DF]NROZLHN SRZLQQLฤณP\ PLHรฅ QD Z]JOรทG]LH

GDOV]รฃ SHUVSHNW\Zรท t ]DKDPRZDQLD L RGZUร FHQLD QD VWDฤ H QLHNRU]\VWQ\FK SURFHVร Z = ]DGRZROHQLHP QDOHล \ SRZLWDรฅ LQLFMDW\Z\ 0LQLVWHUVWZD .XOWXU\ L ']LHG]LFWZD 1DURGRZHJR Z W\P SURJUDP e3DUWQHUVWZR GOD .VLรฃล NLr NWร U\ REHMPXMH WDNล H NVLรทJDUQLH 7R NURN ZH Zฤ DฤณFLZ\P NLHUXQNX GU KDE *U]HJRU] 1LHรฅ ,QVW\WXW 1DXN R ,QIRUPDFML 8QLZHUV\WHWX 3HGDJRJLF]QHJR LP .(1 Z .UDNRZLH

$XWRU DUW\NXฤ X GU KDE *U]HJRU] 1LHรฅ ] ,QVW\WXWX 1DXN R ,QIRUPDFML 8QLZHUV\WHWX 3HGDJRJLF]QHJR LP .RPLVML (GXNDFML 1DURGRZHM Z .UDNRZLH E\ฤ JRฤณFLHP :V]HFKQLF\ 0X]HDOQHM 0X]HXP 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH Z GQLX NZLHWQLD U Z ]ZLรฃ]NX WUZDMรฃFรฃ Zร ZF]DV Z\VWDZรฃ $QW\NZDULDW MDNR LQVW\WXFMD NXOWXU\ ]RUJDQL]RZDQรฃ SU]H] 0X]HXP ZH ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ ] %LEOLRWHNรฃ *ฤ ร ZQรฃ 8(. :\VWDZD WD E\ฤ D GRVWรทSQD Z VDOL Z\VWDZRZHM %LEOLRWHNL Z RNUHVLH RG PDUFD GR NZLHWQLD U =ฤ Rล \ฤ \ VLรท QD QLรฃ PDWHULDฤ \ ]H ]ELRUร Z $QW\NZDULDWX $EHFDGฤ R SU]\ XO 3LMDUVNLHM Z .UDNRZLH $QWRQLHJR 6WรฃSRUD DUFKLZXP GU LQล -HU]HJR 'XG\ t :LHONLHJR 0LVWU]D 2GURG]RQHJR 5\FHUVNLHJR =DNRQX %LEOLRILOVNLHJR ] .DSLWXฤ รฃ 2UGHUX %LDฤ HJR .UXND Z .UDNRZLH D WDNล H PDWHULDฤ \ ] $UFKLZXP WHJR =DNRQX RUD] ]H ]ELRUร Z 0X]HXP L %LEOLRWHNL *ฤ ร ZQHM 8(. GU 7DGHXV] )LODU .DQFHODULD 5HNWRUD t 0X]HXP 8(.


UEK - partner w biznesie

Projekt Inkubator ,QQRZDF\MQRฤณFL =-3 ยง XIZ\VMZ _ JQbVM[QM 6]DQRZQL 3DฤกVWZR

SWV\aV]]Rฤ K ZWbXWKbฤ \a _ W[\I\VQU V]UMZbM ยถ3]ZQMZI =-3ยช KaST \MS[\{_ S\{ZM UIRฤ QVNWZUW_Iฤ KIรฐฤ [XWรฐMKbVWฤฌฤ ISILMUQKSฤ VI[bMR =KbMTVQ W \aU RISQM QVQKRI\a_a XWLMRUW_IVM [ฤ _ SQMZ]VS] bQV\MV[aย SW_IVQI LbQIรฐIฤก b_Qฤ bIVaKP b \ZIV[NMZMU _QMLba RIS Z{_VQMฤต W XWLMRUW_IVMR b XZbML[Qฤ JQWZKIUQ _[X{รฐXZIKa ZMITQbW_IVaKP XZWRMS\IKP XTIVW_IVaKP XZbML[Qฤ _bQฤ KQIKP KPKMUa XZbMSIbIฤ 8Iฤก[\_] KW ]LIรฐW [Qฤ bZMITQbW_Iฤ _ W[\I\VQU WSZM[QM _ \aKP \MUI\IKP 1VQKRI\a_a \M Jaรฐa SWWZLaVW_IVM XZbMb XZIKW_VQS{_ ,bQIรฐ] 6I]SQ Q <ZIV[NMZ] ?QMLba

O

G PDUFD E U SURZDG]RQR UR]PRZ\ ] ]Dฤ Rล \FLHOHP L Jฤ ร ZQ\P XG]LDฤ RZFHP )LUP\ &DOO3DJH t 5RVVHP .QDSHP 3UH]HVHP =DU]รฃGX &DOO3DJH WR LQQRZDF\MQ\ VWDUW XS ] .UDNRZD NWร U\ ]DMPXMH VLรท UR]ZLรฃ]DQLDPL GOD NRPXQLNDFML EL]QHVRZHM -HVW P LQ ]Z\FLรท]Fรฃ HG\FML SURJUDPX 7KLQN %LJ L RIHUXMH V\VWHP GR ]DPDZLDQLD UR]PRZ\ ] NRQVXOWDQWHP SRSU]H] VWURQรท ::: 2SUDFRZDQ\ PRGXฤ SU]H] ILUPรท &DOO3DJH MHVW DXWRPDW\F]QLH XPLHV]F]DQ\ QD VWURQLH LQWHUQHWRZHM ILUP\ OXE LQVW\WXFML 5R]SR]QDMH RQ RVRE\ NWร UH FKFรฃ ]DGDรฅ MDNLHฤณ S\WDQLH DOER NXSLรฅ SURGXNW OHF] SRWU]HEXMรฃ ZLรทFHM LQIRUPDFML &DOO3DJH ]DFKรทFD MH GR

SR]RVWDZLHQLD VZRMHJR QXPHUX WHOHIRQX 1DVWรทSQLH VDP G]ZRQL GR NRQVXOWDQWD L ฤ รฃF]\ JR ] NOLHQWHP &Dฤ \ SURFHV WUZD NUร FHM QLล Sร ฤ PLQXW\ 3ROVNL IXQGXV] E9DOXH ]Dฤ Rล RQ\ SU]H] ]QDQ\FK EL]QHVPHQร Z 5DIDฤ D %U]RVNรท ,Q3RVW 0DULDQD 2ZHUNรท %DNDOODQG L 7RPDV]D 0LVLDND :RUN 6HUYLFH ]DLQZHVWRZDฤ POQ ]ฤ Z VWDUW XS &DOO3DJH &DOO3DJH ]Dฤ Rล \ฤ R SU]HG GZRPD ODW\ WU]HFK PLHV]NDMรฃF\FK Z 3ROVFH 8NUDLฤกFร Z 5RVV .QDS 6HUJH\ %XWNR L $QGUHZ 7NDFKLY 7HUD] ILUPD ]DWUXGQLD RVRE\ 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ t D GRNฤ DGQLHM SUDFRZQLF\ .DWHGU\ 6\VWHPร Z 2EOLF]HQLRZ\FK RUD] .DWHGU\ ,QIRUPDW\NL EรทGรฃ

UHDOL]RZDรฅ GOD )LUP\ &DOO3DJH Z V\WXDFML X]\VNDQLD GRILQDQVRZDQLD t EDUG]R LQQRZDF\MQ\ SURMHNW : PDMX EU ]RVWDฤ D SRGSLVDQD RILFMDOQLH XPRZD R ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ SRPLรทG]\ VWDUW XSHP &DOO3DJH D 8(. 3URMHNW EDGDZF]R UR]ZRMRZ\ GRW\F]\รฅ EรทG]LH VWZRU]HQLD L ]DSURJUDPRZDQLD URERWร Z WHOHIRQLF]Q\FK GOD ']LDฤ ร Z 6SU]HGDล \ L ']LDฤ ร Z :VSDUFLD QD SRGVWDZLH V]WXF]QHM LQWHOLJHQFML 0HFKDQL]P EรทG]LH ZGURล RQ\ Z MXล LVWQLHMรฃFรฃ L G]LDฤ DMรฃFรฃ WHFKQRORJLรท &DOO3DJH t MDNR GRGDWNRZ\ SURGXNW &]รทฤณรฅ EDGDZF]D SURMHNWX UHDOL]RZDQD SU]H] QDV]\FK 3UDFRZQLNร Z t SROHJDรฅ EรทG]LH QD EDGDQLX L RSUDFRZDQLX DOJRU\WPร Z Voice To Text i Text To Voice QD VWZRU]HQLX 21


UEK - partner w biznesie

ZLHORZDUVWZRZHM VLHFL QHXURQRZHM NWร UD QD SRGVWDZLH ]JURPDG]RQ\FK GDQ\FK EรทG]LH PRJฤ D ]DSHZQLรฅ VNXWHF]QH G]LDฤ DQLH URERWD DXWRPDW\F]QH ]DGDZDQLH S\WDฤก L ]ELHUDQLH LQIRUPDFML RUD] JHQHURZDQLH RGSRZLHG]L QD ]DGDQH S\WDQLD t QD SRGVWDZLH ]JURPDG]RQ\FK GDQ\FK 7D WHFKQRORJLD QLHIRUPDOQLH EรทG]LH VLรท QD]\ZDรฅ โ 6,UL GOD EL]QHVXr 3URMHNW MHVW EDUG]R LQQRZDF\MQ\ QLH W\ONR ] SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD QDV]HJR NUDMX DOH SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP Z VNDOL RJร OQRฤณZLDWRZHM %H] ZรฃWSLHQLD SR MHJR ]UHDOL]RZDQLX EรทG]LH PRล OLZH XWRล VDPLDQLH SUDFRZQLNร Z 8(. ] XQLNDOQ\PL NRPSHWHQFMDPL EDUG]R SRล รฃGDQ\PL SU]H] SU]HGVLรทELRUFร Z D FDฤ HM 8F]HOQL t MDNR U]HWHOQHJR L NRPSHWHQWQHJR SDUWQHUD EL]QHVRZHJR ]DDQJDล RZDQHJR EDUG]R PRFQR Z SUDFH EDGDZF]R ZGURล HQLRZH L XVSUDZQLHQLD Z RUJDQL]DFMDFK

Z SUH]HQWDFML XU]รฃG]HQLD EDGDZF]HJR t (\HWUDFNHUD ILUP\ 7RELL ; R F]รทVWRWOLZRฤณFL +] SR]ZDODMรฃFHJR QD ฤณOHG]HQLH L UHMHVWURZDQLH UXFKX JDฤ NL RF]QHM RUD] DQDOL]\ RWU]\PDQHJR PDWHULDฤ X EDGDZF]HJR SU]\ Z\NRU]\VWDQLX VSHFMDOLVW\F]QHJR RSURJUDPRZDQLD 7RELL 6WXGLR 3URIIHVLRQDO :\NRU]\VWDQLH XU]รฃG]HQLD Z G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL SU]HGVLรทELRUF\ SR]ZDOD P LQ ]ZLรทNV]\รฅ HIHNW\ZQRฤณรฅ SURZDG]RQHJR EL]QHVX SRSU]H] โ ข

RFHQรท Xล \WHF]QRฤณFL VWURQ\ ZZZ DSOLNDFML V\VWHPX OXE PDWHULDฤ X UHNODPRZHJR

โ ข

PRล OLZRฤณรฅ ]ZLรทNV]HQLD VNXWHF]QRฤณFL SU]HND]X PDUNHWLQJRZHJR RUD] SRGQLHVLHQLH SR]LRPX ]DGRZROHQLD NOLHQWD

โ ข

โ ข

SRGQLHVLHQLH NRQNXUHQF\MQRฤณFL L LQQRZDF\MQRฤณFL ILUP\ D FR ]D W\P LG]LH Z]URVW SU]\FKRGร Z ]H VSU]HGDล \ RV]F]รทGQRฤณรฅ F]DVX SUDFRZQLNร Z ILUP\ RUD] NOLHQWร Z

8U]รฃG]HQLH EDGDZF]H (\HWUDFNHU PRล H E\รฅ ]DVWRVRZDQH GR EDGDQLD RELHNWร Z WDNLFK MDN VWURQ\ LQWHUQHWRZH L VHUZLV\ ZZZ RSURJUDPRZDQLH NRPSXWHURZH V\VWHP\ (53 &50 &53 :06 ZHUVMH GHVNWRS L KWPO DSOLNDFMH QD XU]รฃG]HQLD PRELOQH SURWRW\S\ PDNLHW\ ILOP\ DQLPDFMH SODNDW\ L LOXVWUDFMH XORWNL EURV]XU\ LWS

: FHOX SUH]HQWDFML RIHUW\ EDGDZF]HM 8F]HOQL V]HUV]HPX JURQX SU]HGVLรทELRUFร Z ']LDฤ 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\ Z]Lรฃฤ XG]LDฤ Z 0Dฤ RSROVNLP )HVWLZDOX ,QQRZDFML 3RGF]DV NRQIHUHQFML LQDXJXUXMรฃFHM )HVWLZDO ]DSUH]HQWRZDQR Z VWUHILH Z\VWDZLHQQLF]HM t e/DERUDWRULXP (\HWUDFNLQJRZHr Z UDPDFK NWร UHJR EรทGรฃ RIHURZDQH LQQRZDF\MQH XVฤ XJL ] Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP QRZRF]HVQ\FK PHWRG EDGDZF]\FK SRGQRV]รฃF\FK HIHNW\ZQRฤณรฅ Uร ล Q\FK REV]DUร Z ]ZLรฃ]DQ\FK ] SURZDG]HQLHP EL]QHVX : UDPDFK ]DSUH]HQWRZDQHM RIHUW\ XF]HVWQLF\ NRQIHUHQFML PLHOL PRล OLZRฤณรฅ XG]LDฤ X 22

,QLFMDW\ZD VSRWNDฤ D VLรท ] GXล \P ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLHP RGELRUFร Z GDฤ D PRล OLZRฤณรฅ SR]\VNDQLD QRZ\FK NRQWDNWร Z L QDZLรฃ]DQLD ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ QD SU]\V]ฤ Rฤณรฅ : QDMEOLล V]\P F]DVLH ']LDฤ 1DXNL SODQXMH SRV]HU]\รฅ RIHUWรท /DERUDWRULXP (\HWUDFNLQJRZHJR R XVฤ XJL EDGDZF]H Z ]DNUHVLH EDGDQLD ZDUVWZ\ ZL]XDOQHM RSDNRZDฤก NWร UH ฤณZLDGF]RQH EรทGรฃ SU]H] .DWHGUรท 2SDNRZDOQLFWZD 7RZDUร Z 2ERN VWDQRZLVND H\HWUDFNLQRZHJR SUDFRZQLF\ ']LDฤ X 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\ SUH]HQWRZDOL XF]HVWQLNRP NRQIHUHQFML RIHUWรท Z ]DNUHVLH XPLรทG]\QDURGRZLHQLD G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL JRVSRGDUF]HM SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ D WDNล H XVฤ XJ

EDGDZF]\FK EรทGรฃF\FK Z NRPSHWHQFML SUDFRZQLNร Z :\G]LDฤ X 7RZDUR]QDZVWZD =HVSร ฤ SUDFRZQLNร Z QDXNRZ\FK .DWHGU\ +DQGOX =DJUDQLF]QHJR SRVLDGD EDUG]R ERJDWH GRฤณZLDGF]HQLH Z ]DNUHVLH ZSURZDG]DQLD NUDMRZ\FK ILUP QD U\QNL ]DJUDQLF]QH ZSURZDG]DQLD LQZHVWRUร Z ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK QD SROVNL U\QHN SU]HSURZDG]DQLD QD ]OHFHQLH ILUP t DQDOL]\ U\QNร Z ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK PRGHORZDQLD L SURJQR]RZDQLD FHQ QD U\QNDFK PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK VSRU]รฃG]DQLD HNVSHUW\] GOD LQVW\WXFML DGPLQLVWUDFML SDฤกVWZRZHM P LQ 0LQLVWHUVWZD *RVSRGDUNL RUD] RUJDQL]DFML PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK P LQ .RPLVMD (XURSHMVND 2(&' 2IHUWD Z ]DNUHVLH XPLรทG]\QDURGRZLHQLD G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL JRVSRGDUF]HM SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ REHMPXMH โ ข

RSUDFRZDQLH SODQX XPLรทG]\QDURGRZLHQLD SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZD

โ ข

RSUDFRZDQLH VWUDWHJLL ZHMฤณFLD ILUP\ QD U\QNL ]DJUDQLF]QH

โ ข

RSUDFRZDQLH SODQX PDUNHWLQJRZHJR QD U\QNDFK PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK

โ ข

EDGDQLH U\QNร Z ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK Z W\P DQDOL]D SRS\WX SRGDล \ FHQ NRQNXUHQFML VHJPHQWร Z U\QNX L EUDQล

โ ข

DQDOL]D NOLPDWX LQZHVW\F\MQHJR

โ ข

NRQVWUXRZDQLH NRQWUDNWร Z RJUDQLF]DMรฃF\FK U\]\NR KDQGORZH SU]HGVLรทELRUFร Z

โ ข

SURMHNWRZDQLH L DQDOL]D HIHNW\ZQRฤณFL G]LDฤ Dฤก Z ]DNUHVLH SU]\JRWRZDQLD RUD] UHDOL]DFML WUDQVDNFML ] SDUWQHUHP ]DJUDQLF]Q\P Z W\P Uร ZQLHล ] NUDMร Z 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM

โ ข

GRUDG]WZR Z ]DNUHVLH UR]OLF]DQLD L ILQDQVRZDQLD WUDQVDNFML ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK

โ ข

RSUDFRZDQLH HNVSHUW\] GRW\F]รฃF\FK ]MDZLVN L NV]WDฤ WRZDQLD VLรท WHQGHQFML UR]ZRMRZ\FK


UEK - partner w biznesie QD U\QNDFK ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK MDN Uร ZQLHล Z SRV]F]HJร OQ\FK VHNWRUDFK โ ข

SU]\JRWRZDQLH RSUDFRZDฤก L RSLQLL QD WHPDW XZDUXQNRZDฤก G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ QD U\QNDFK 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM

3UDFRZQLF\ .DWHGU\ +DQGOX =DJUDQLF]QHJR EDUG]R FKรทWQLH Zฤ รฃF]DMรฃ VLรท Z LQLFMDW\Z\ ]ZLรฃ]DQH ] SURZDG]HQLHP ZDUV]WDWร Z GOD SU]HGVLรทELRUFร Z : UDPDFK 0Dฤ RSROVNLHJR )HVWLZDOX ,QQRZDFML SRSURZDG]LOL VSRWNDQLH QW e3URPXM VLรท QD U\QNDFK ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK t :DUV]WDW\ SRฤณZLรทFRQH XPLรทG]\QDURGRZLHQLX G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZr t Z UDPDFK Z\GDU]HQLD e$XWRVWUDGD LQQRZDFML t RG VWDUW XSX GR XPLรทG]\QDURGRZLHQLD SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZDr SU]\JRWRZDQHJR SU]H] QDV]รฃ 8F]HOQLรท 3UH]HQWDFMD Z UDPDFK )HVWLZDOX RIHUW\ :\G]LDฤ X 7RZDUR]QDZVWZD PLDฤ D ]D ]DGDQLH SU]HGVWDZLรฅ XF]HVWQLNRP ZDFKODU] PRล OLZRฤณFL MDNLH QLHVLH ]H VREรฃ SRGMรทFLH ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ ] :\G]LDฤ HP :VND]DQR QD QDVWรทSXMรฃFH NRU]\ฤณFL WHM ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ PRล OLZRฤณรฅ ]DSURMHNWRZDQLD L UR]ZRMX QRZ\FK SURGXNWร Z VSRล \ZF]\FK L QLHล \ZQRฤณFLRZ\FK SRPRF Z ]DNUHVLH RFHQ\ SRSUDZQRฤณFL ]QDNRZDQLD RSDNRZDฤก RUD] LQQRZDF\MQH UR]ZLรฃ]DQLD

Z ]DNUHVLH EDGDฤก RSDNRZDฤก SURGXNWร Z t Z W\P EDGDQLD ZDUVWZ\ ZL]XDOQHM RSDNRZDฤก PHWRGรฃ H\HWUDFNLQJX =DSUH]HQWRZDQR WDNล H NRPSOHNVRZH XVฤ XJL EDGDฤก PLNURELRORJLF]Q\FK JHQHW\F]Q\FK L FKHPLF]Q\FK D WDNล H RSW\PDOL]DFMรท V\VWHPX ]DU]รฃG]DQLD MDNRฤณFLรฃ EH]SLHF]HฤกVWZHP ล \ZQRฤณFL L U\]\NLHP Z ILUPLH ZVSDUFLH Z WZRU]HQLX SURHNRORJLF]QHJR V\VWHPX ]DU]รฃG]DQLD ฤณURGRZLVNRZHJR Z W\P P LQ JRVSRGDUNรท RGSDGDPL ]Uร ZQRZDล RQรฃ SURGXNFMรท L VSRU]รฃG]DQLH GRNXPHQWร Z ฤณURGRZLVNRZ\FK D WDNล H LQIRUPDFMH QD WHPDW SUHIHUHQFML NRQVXPHQWร Z L WUHQGร Z U\QNRZ\FK 2EHFQLH ']LDฤ 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\ MHVW QD HWDSLH ]PLDQ\ RUJDQL]DFML V\VWHPX ZVSDUFLD NRPHUFMDOL]DFML L WUDQVIHUX ZLHG]\ Z 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .UDNRZLH 1DV]H G]LDฤ DQLD NRQFHQWUXMรฃ VLรท QD RSUDFRZDQLX NRPSOHNVRZHM RIHUW\ EDGDZF]HM XF]HOQL EรทGรฃFHM Z\QLNLHP SU]HSURZDG]RQHJR QD 8(. DXG\WX SRWHQFMDฤ X QDXNRZHJR .LHUXMรฃF VLรท UHNRPHQGDFMDPL Z\QLNDMรฃF\PL ] DXG\WX FKFHP\ VWZRU]\รฅ NDWDORJ NOXF]RZ\FK L QDMEDUG]LHM UR]SR]QDZDOQ\FK XVฤ XJ 8(. NWร UH EรทG]LHP\ SURPRZDรฅ Z F]DVRSLVPDFK L SRUWDODFK EUDQล RZ\FK

: GDOV]HM NROHMQRฤณFL SODQXMHP\ Uร ZQLHล VWZRU]HQLH MHGQROLWHM SODWIRUP\ EL]QHV QDXND XPRล OLZLDMรฃFHM V]\ENLH ]QDOH]LHQLH SRWU]HEQ\FK LQIRUPDFML SU]H] RVRE\ ]DLQWHUHVRZDQH NWร UD MHGQRF]HฤณQLH ZVSLHUDรฅ EรทG]LH FRG]LHQQรฃ SUDFรท ZV]\VWNLFK RVร E ]DDQJDล RZDQ\FK Z NRPHUFMDOL]DFMรท L WUDQVIHU ZLHG]\ Z 8(. =DFKรทFDP\ ZV]\VWNLFK ]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FK GR ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ L DQJDล RZDQLD VLรท Z G]LDฤ DQLD NWร UH GRFHORZR PDMรฃ Z\NUHRZDรฅ PRGHO XF]HOQL DNW\ZQHM QD SROX QLH W\ONR G\GDNW\NL DOH WDNล H SRGPLRWX EDUG]R PRFQR ZVSLHUDMรฃFHJR SURFHV\ ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ QDXNL ] EL]QHVHP SU]HP\Vฤ HP t U]HWHOQHJR SDUWQHUD ฤณZLDGF]รฃFHJR QDMZ\ล V]HM MDNRฤณFL XVฤ XJL V]NROHQLRZH L GRUDGF]H RSUDFRZXMรฃFHJR Z\VRNLHM MDNRฤณFL RSLQLH UDSRUW\ RUD] HNVSHUW\]\ F]\ WHล ZVSLHUDMรฃFHJR UHDOL]DFMรท LQQRZDF\MQ\FK SURMHNWร Z EL]QHVRZ\FK

']LDฤ 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\ %XG\QHN Jฤ ร ZQ\ , SLรทWUR SRN VWRQD ZZZ GQWZ XHN NUDNRZ SO WHO H PDLO WUDQVIHUZLHG]\#XHN NUDNRZ SO

PJU Monika Hamerska .RRUG\QDWRU 3URMHNWX ']LDฤ 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\ dr Marek Makowiec $GLXQNW .DWHGUD =DFKRZDฤก 2UJDQL]DF\MQ\FK :\G]LDฤ RZ\ .RRUG\QDWRU GV 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\ PJU 0Dฤ JRU]DWD 6PDJD 6]F]HSDฤกF]\N 6SHFMDOLVWD GV RUJDQL]DFML L ORJLVW\NL SURMHNWX ']LDฤ 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\

23


wydarzenia

7\G]LHฤก (NRORJLL 8(. R]ฤต bI VIUQ =ZWKba[\aU I bIZIbMU [aUJWTQKbVaU W\_IZKQMU _aLIZbMVQI Jaรฐ ZW_MZW_a XZbMRIbL 3DQL SURI GU KDE -DQLQ\ )LOHN t 3URUHNWRU GV .RPXQLNDFML L :VSร ฤ SUDF\

XZbMb JZIUฤ Oรฐ{_Vฤ =VQ_MZ[a\M\] -SWVWUQKbVMOW _ 3ZISW_QM

24

D

UXJL 7\G]LHฤก (NRORJLL UR]SRF]รทOLฤณP\ GHEDWรฃ =LHORQH SRMรทFLH R HNRORJLL ] XG]LDฤ HP HNVSHUWร Z 2EHFQRฤณFLรฃ ]DV]F]\FLOL 3DQL SURI GU KDE 0Dฤ JRU]DWD *URG]LฤกVND -XUF]DN t ,QVW\WXW 1DXN R ฤฒURGRZLVNX 8- 3DQL 0DJGDOHQD ฤฒOร VDUF]\N t 5HJLRQDO 5HVSRQVLEOH %XVLQHVV &RRUGLQDWRU ([HFXWLYH +RXVHNHHSHU Z 5DGLVVRQ %OX +RWHO .UDNร Z 3DQ +HQU\N .XOW\V t 3UH]HV 0LHMVNLHJR 3U]HGVLรทELRUVWZD 2F]\V]F]DQLD Z .UDNRZLH 3DQ $UWXU .LQDV] t 3UH]HV 7DUJX 3LHWUXV]NRZHJR 'HEDWรท SRSURZDG]Lฤ D 3DQL SURI GU KDE -DQLQD )LOHN t 3URUHNWRU GV .RPXQLNDFML L :VSร ฤ SUDF\ : SRQLHG]LDฤ HN PRล QD E\ฤ R WDNล H XF]HVWQLF]\รฅ Z JU]H PLHMVNLHM SU]HSURZDG]RQHM SU]H] VWXGHQWร Z NLHUXQNX 7XU\VW\ND L 5HNUHDFMD :\G]LDฤ X =DU]รฃG]DQLD *UD SROHJDฤ D QD UR]ZLรฃ]DQLX ]DGDฤก ]DUร ZQR PDQXDOQ\FK WZร UF]\FK MDN L WHVWRZ\FK RF]\ZLฤณFLH ] ]DJDGQLHฤก HNRORJLL

:WRUHN WR SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP :DUV]WDW\ 'HVLJQ 7KLQNLQJ SURZDG]RQH SU]H] ILUPรท (UJR 'HVLJQ :DUV]WDW\ PLDฤ \ QD FHOX Z\SUDFRZDQLH HNRLQQRZDFML PRล OLZ\FK GR ZGURล HQLD QD 8(. ']LรทNL QLP SRZVWDฤ \ WU]\ SURMHNW\ NWร UH FKFLHOLE\ฤณP\ UHDOQLH ]REDF]\รฅ QD QDV]\P .DPSXVLH 'OD OXELรฃF\FK UXFK QD SRZLHWU]X ]RUJDQL]RZDQR HNR:) F]\OL JU\ L ]DEDZ\ QD ERLVNX VSRUWRZ\P 7HJR GQLD UR]SRF]รทOLฤณP\ WDNล H RJร OQRXQLZHUV\WHFNรฃ ]ELร UNรท PDNXODWXU\ : ฤณURGรท GOD RVร E FHQLรฃF\FK ]GURZรฃ ล \ZQRฤณรฅ SU]\JRWRZDQR HNR7DUJRZLVNR WM ED]DU ล \ZQRฤณFL HNRORJLF]QHM :ฤณUร G Z\VWDZFร Z QLH PRJฤ R ]DEUDNQรฃรฅ 7DUJX 3LHWUXV]NRZHJR : KROX SDZLORQX '\GDNW\F]QR 6SRUWRZHJR PRJOLฤณP\ WDNล H SRG]LZLDรฅ SRND] PRG\ HNRORJLF]QHM SU]\JRWRZDQ\ SU]H] VWXGHQWร Z :\G]LDฤ X 7RZDUR]QDZVWZD RUD] XF]QLร Z =HVSRฤ X 6]Nร ฤ 1U


wydarzenia LP , ฤ XNDVLHZLF]D Z *RUOLFDFK 'OD PLฤ RฤณQLNร Z PRWRU\]DFML ]RUJDQL]RZDQR SRND] VDPRFKRGร Z HOHNWU\F]Q\FK L K\EU\GRZ\FK RUD] HNR'ULYLQJ ZH ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ ] 'HDOHUHP %0: 0 &DUV : W\P GQLX RGE\ฤ VLรท WDNล H SDQHO VWXGHQFNL (NRล DN JG]LH VWXGHQFL :\G]LDฤ X 7RZDUR]QDZVWZD ]DSUH]HQWRZDOL PLรทG]\ LQQ\PL Z\QLNL EDGDฤก ฤณZLDGRPRฤณFL HNRORJLF]QHM VSRฤ HF]QRฤณFL DNDGHPLFNLHM 8(. SU]HSURZDG]RQH Z UDPDFK 7\JRGQLD (NRORJLL 8(. .XOPLQDF\MQ\P SXQNWHP GQLD E\ฤ Z\Nฤ DG 3DQL GU LQล -RDQQ\ 3WDVLฤกVNLHM 0DUFLQNLHZLF] 'ODF]HJR ZDUWR NXSRZDรฅ ล \ZQRฤณรฅ HNRORJLF]Qรฃ &]ZDUWHN UR]SRF]รทOLฤณP\ VWXGHQFNรฃ GHEDWรฃ RNVIRUG]Nรฃ ]RUJDQL]RZDQรฃ ZVSร OQLH ] )XQGDFMรฃ 3ROVND 'HEDWXMH :\ORVRZDQ\P WHPDWHP GHEDW\ E\ฤ 7D ,]ED RJUDQLF]\ฤ DE\ UXFK VDPRFKRGRZ\ Z FHQWUXP .UDNRZD Z NWร UHM XG]LDฤ Z]LรทOL 6WXGHQFNLH .Rฤ R 'HEDW 8- YV .OXE 'HEDW 3DUODPHQWDUQ\FK 8- .ROHMQ\P SXQNWHP SURJUDPX E\ฤ D GHEDWD SDQHORZD ] XG]LDฤ HP HNVSHUWร Z 1LH &]\VWH SRZLHWU]H Z .UDNRZLH &R PRล HP\ ] W\P ]URELรฅ" :ฤณUร G 3DQHOLVWร Z E\OL 3DQ SURI GU KDE :DFฤ DZ $GDPF]\N t .LHURZQLN .DWHGU\ 7HFKQRORJLL L (NRORJLL :\UREร Z 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 3DQ 7RPDV] 3LHWUXVLDN t = FD '\UHNWRUD 'HSDUWDPHQWX ฤฒURGRZLVND 8U]รทGX 0DUV]Dฤ NRZVNLHJR :RMHZร G]WZD 0Dฤ RSROVNLHJR 3DQ -ร ]HI .Dฤ D t , =DVWรทSFD 3UH]HVD :RMHZร G]NLHJR )XQGXV]X 2FKURQ\ ฤฒURGRZLVND L *RVSRGDUNL :RGQHM Z .UDNRZLH 3DQ 5\V]DUG

/LVWZDQ t = FD 0Dฤ RSROVNLHJR :RMHZร G]NLHJR ,QVSHNWRUD 2FKURQ\ ฤฒURGRZLVND Z .UDNRZLH 3DQL &HF\OLD 0DOLN t NUDNRZVND DUW\VWND L DNW\ZLVWND 'HEDWรท SRSURZDG]Lฤ 3DQ GU -DURVฤ DZ 3OLFKWD t 3UH]HV )XQGDFML 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH : FLรฃJX GQLD E\ฤ D WDNล H RND]MD ]PLHU]HQLD VLรท ] TXL]DPL HNRORJLF]Q\PL SU]\JRWRZDQ\PL SU]H] VWXGHQWร Z :\G]LDฤ X 7RZDUR]QDZVWZD 2VWDWQL G]LHฤก 7\JRGQLD (NRORJLL UR]SRF]รทOLฤณP\ RG ZVSร OQHJR QDVDG]DQLD UDEDW\ Z]Gฤ Xล PXUX XQLZHUV\WHFNLHJR RG VWURQ\ XO /XERPLUVNLHJR ZUD] ] =DU]รฃGHP =LHOHQL 0LHMVNLHM 3LรฃWHN WR WDNล H F]DV SRGVXPRZDฤก : WUDNFLH XURF]\VWHJR ]DNRฤกF]HQLD 7\JRGQLD 3DQL SURI GU KDE -DQLQD )LOHN t 3URUHNWRU GV .RPXQLNDFML L :VSร ฤ SUDF\ ZUD] ] 3DQLรฃ GU LQล 0DJGDOHQรฃ :RMQDURZVNรฃ t NRRUG\QDWRUNรฃ 7\JRGQLD (NRORJLL 8(. RJฤ RVLฤ \ Z\QLNL NRQNXUVร Z QD XQLZHUV\WHFNLH HNRLQQRZDFMH %\ฤ D WR WDNล H RND]MD GR SRGSLVDQLD OLVWX

LQWHQF\MQHJR ] 0LHMVNLP 2ฤณURGNLHP 3RPRF\ 6SRฤ HF]QHM Z REHFQRฤณFL (Oล ELHW\ .RLV ล XUHN NLHURZQLND )LOLL 0236 Z .UDNRZLH VWDQRZLรฃFHJR ILQDฤ DNFML &KDU\WDW\ZQHM 'UXJLH ล \FLH 5]HF]\ : W\P PLHMVFX SUDJQรท VHUGHF]QLH SRG]LรทNRZDรฅ :V]\VWNLP NWร U]\ XF]HVWQLF]\OL Z 7\JRGQLX (NRORJLL 8(. 6HUGHF]QLH JUDWXOXMรท /DXUHDWRP NRQNXUVร Z D 3DUWQHURP :\GDU]HQLD EDUG]R G]LรทNXMรท ]D ZVSร ฤ SUDFรท 6XNFHV 7\JRGQLD (NRORJLL 8(. ZVSร OQLH WZRU]\OL 3DQL SURI GU KDE -DQLQD )LOHN 3DQL GU LQล -RDQQD 3WDVLฤกVND 0DUFLQNLHZLF] 3DQL GU LQล (ZD 3\U]\ฤกVND 3DQL $QQD 6WDQLVฤ DZVND 0LVFKNH 3DQL 0RQLND :HU\V]NR 3DQ GU 0DUHN )UรฃF]HN RUD] 3DQ 0DUHN ฤฒZLHUDG -Xล G]Lฤณ VHUGHF]QLH ]DSUDV]DP\ QD 7\G]LHฤก (NRORJLL 8(. Weronika Front 6WXGHQWND (NRQRPLL %L]QHVX 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHJR

25


wydarzenia

Festiwal Nauki i Sztuki 2017 ? LVQIKP UIRI ZWS] Xรฐa\I Oรฐ{_VI SZISW_[SQMOW :aVS] bIUQMVQรฐI [Qฤ _ SZ{TM[\_W LWฤฌ_QILKbMฤก MS[XMZaUMV\{_ I \ISฤตM _QMT] _aLIZbMฤก W KPIZIS\MZbM S]T\]ZITVaU Q VI]SW_aU :V]\VWNR WR ]D VSUDZรฃ ;9,, MXล HG\FML )HVWLZDOX 1DXNL L 6]WXNL Z .UDNRZLH NWร U\ Z W\P URNX RGE\ฤ VLรท SRG KDVฤ HP e: ]JRG]LH ] QDWXUรฃr

W

UDPDFK )HVWLZDOX PRล QD E\ฤ R Z\Vฤ XFKDรฅ ZLHOX FLHNDZ\FK Z\Nฤ DGร Z SRUR]PDZLDรฅ ] QDXNRZFDPL L VWXGHQWDPL 2GE\ฤ \ VLรท OLF]QH NRQNXUV\ SUHOHNFMH ]DZRG\ VSRUWRZH L NRQFHUW\ *ฤ ร ZQ\P RUJDQL]DWRUHP WHJR Z\GDU]HQLD E\ฤ 8QLZHUV\WHW 3HGDJRJLF]Q\ LP .RPLVML (GXNDFML 1DURGRZHM Z .UDNRZLH MHGQDN ]JRGQLH ] WUDG\FMรฃ )HVWLZDOX Z]Lรทฤ \ Z QLP XG]LDฤ

26

QLHPDO ZV]\VWNLH NUDNRZVNLH XF]HOQLH Uร ZQLHล QDV] 8QLZHUV\WHW 8(. UHSUH]HQWRZDฤ \ .Rฤ D 1DXNRZH WM .1 .RO0DUN .1 2SDNRZDOQLFWZD 7RZDUร Z .1 +DQGOX =DJUDQLF]QHJR .1 &RQWUROLQJX L )LQDQVร Z .1 =DU]รฃG]DQLD -DNRฤณFLรฃ .1 ,QIRUPDW\NL .1 &KHPLF]QR 7RZDUR]QDZF]H .1 +RPR 3ROLWLFXV .1 (NRQRPLL L %L]QHVX 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHJR RUD]

:\G]LDฤ RZD ,QG\ZLGXDOQD ฤฒFLHล ND (GXNDF\MQD :,6( =DUร ZQR VWXGHQFL MDN L SUDFRZQLF\ 8(. SRSU]H] Uร ล QHJR URG]DMX DNW\ZQRฤณFL SRND]ร Z ZDUV]WDWร Z V\PXODFML JLHU L ]DEDZ XGRZRGQLOL XF]HVWQLNRP )1L6 ล H HNRQRPLD QLH MHVW QXGQD D PRล H E\รฅ ZUรทF] SDVMRQXMรฃFD :ฤณUร G DWUDNFML SURSRQRZDQ\FK SU]H] QDV]รฃ 8F]HOQLรท ]QDOD]ฤ \ VLรท P LQ 0DUNHWLQJ GRRNRฤ D ฤณZLDWD : QDWXU]H UHNODP\ 'HDO ZLWK QDWXUH


wydarzenia

$QDOL]D VHQVRU\F]QD 0HWRG\ /($1 Z SUDNW\FH /HDQ 3OD\ F]\OL MDN RGFKXG]Lรฅ SURGXNFMรท NVLรฃล NL (JJERW 3RND] URERWร Z 6]WXF]QD NUHZ t F]\ PRล QD Mรฃ ]URELรฅ VDPHPX" ฤฒODGDPL ฤณUHGQLRZLHF]QHJR DOFKHPLND *HEHUD 1DWXUD SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP t VWZร U] Zฤ DVQรฃ Vร O GR NรฃSLHOL =DJDGNRZD V]WXND (XURWZLVWHU 3U]\JRWRZDQ\ ]RVWDฤ Uร ZQLHล VSHFMDOQ\ NรฃFLN GOD QDMPฤ RGV]\FK &R FLHNDZH XF]HVWQLF\ )HVWLZDOX PRJOL ]ZLHG]Lรฅ NDPSXV 8(.X ]D SRPRFรฃ RNXODUร Z ' NWร UH ]RVWDฤ \ LP XGRVWรทSQLRQH Z MHGQ\P ] QDV]\FK QDPLRWร Z =DLQWHUHVRZDQL PRJOL ]DWHP RGE\รฅ ZLUWXDOQ\ VSDFHU SR XF]HOQL ]REDF]\รฅ QDV] 8QLZHUV\WHW ]DUร ZQR RG ]HZQรฃWU] MDN L VDOH Z\Nฤ DGRZH KDOH VSRUWRZรฃ Sฤ \ZDOQLรท 5ร ZQROHJOH QD WHUHQLH .DPSXVX 8(. RGE\ZDฤ \ VLรท VSHFMDOQLH SU]\JRWRZDQH GOD XF]HVWQLNร Z )HVWLZDOX SUHOHNFMH L ZDUV]WDW\ R WHPDW\FH HNRQRPLF]QHM 0RJOL RQL Uร ZQLHล Z]Lรฃรฅ XG]LDฤ Z Z\Nฤ DGDFK ZDUV]WDWDFK SDQHODFK G\VNXV\MQ\FK RUD] SRND]DFK ]RUJDQL]RZDQ\FK Z UDPDFK 7\JRGQLD (NRORJLL QD 8(. : VRERWรท QD GHVNDFK VFHQ\ IHVWLZDORZHM Z\VWรฃSLฤ &Kร U 8(. e'RPLQDQWDr *ฤ RGQL ZUDล Hฤก ]DSUDV]DP\ ]D URN

27


wydarzenia

? LVQIKP ยง UIRI _ U]ZIKP =VQ_MZ[a\M\] -SWVWUQKbVMOW UQIรฐ UQMR[KM SWTMRVa \ZbaVI[\a R]ฤต 5Qฤ LbaVIZWLW_a 3WVOZM[ 5*) <MOWZWKbVI MLaKRI WLJaรฐI [Qฤ XWL XZbM_WLVQU \a\]รฐMU ยถ+WUXTQIVKM" Z{_VW_IOI UQฤ Lba _aVQSQMU I _IZ\WฤฌKQIUQยช ? _aLIZbMVQ] _bQฤ รฐW ]LbQIรฐ WS W[{J" PHQHGล HURZLH NDGUD QDXNRZD ] 3ROVNL L ]DJUDQLF\ VWXGHQFL DEVROZHQFL L G\UHNWRU]\ SURJUDPร Z 0DVWHU RI %XVLQHVV $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 28

K

RQJUHV WUDG\F\MQLH UR]SRF]รฃฤ VLรท RG eZL]\W VWXG\MQ\FKr F]\OL VSRWNDฤก Z ILUPDFK ]ORNDOL]RZDQ\FK Z 0Dฤ RSROVFH : W\P URNX XF]HVWQLF\ PLHOL PRล OLZRฤณรฅ ]DSR]QDQLD VLรท ] GRฤณZLDGF]HQLDPL L SUREOHPDPL NDGU\ PHQHGล HUVNLHM Z ILUPDFK &LVFR 6HOYLWD L .UDNร Z $LUSRUW

*ฤ ร ZQH REUDG\ ;,,, .RQJUHVX 0%$ UR]SRF]รทฤ \ VLรท Z SLรฃWHN PDMD SR SRฤ XGQLX 8F]HVWQLNร Z SRZLWDฤ SURI 8(. GU KDE LQล $QGU]HM &KRFKร ฤ t 5HNWRU 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH :\Nฤ DG LQDXJXUDF\MQ\ SRSURZDG]Lฤ 3DQ .DPLO .DPLฤกVNL t :LFHSUH]HV =DU]รฃGX 7$8521 3ROVND (QHUJLD GV =DU]รฃG]DQLD .RUSRUDF\MQHJR DEVROZHQW 3URJUDPX ([HFXWLYH 0%$ .UDNRZVNLHM 6]NRฤ \ %L]QHVX 8(. 1DVWรทSQLH XF]HVWQLF\ Z]LรทOL XG]LDฤ Z GZร FK SDQHODFK SRSURZDG]RQ\FK SU]H] ,QVW\WXW 6WXGLร Z 6WUDWHJLF]Q\FK RUD] 3ROLWHFKQLNรท *GDฤกVNรฃ t :\G]LDฤ =DU]รฃG]DQLD L (NRQRPLL โ ข

'\SORPDFMD Z EL]QHVLH GU 3DZHฤ .RZDO t PLQLVWHU

SROLWRORJ KLVWRU\N L SXEOLF\VWD DGLXQNW Z ,QVW\WXFLH 6WXGLร Z 3ROLW\F]Q\FK 3ROVNLHM $NDGHPLL 1DXN GU $QGU]HM %\UW t XU]รทGQLN SDฤกVWZRZ\ i G\SORPDWD E\ฤ \ $PEDVDGRU 3ROVNL Z 1LHPF]HFK L )UDQFML $QGU]HM =GHEVNL t 3UH]HV =DU]รฃGX .5$.&+(0,$ 6 $ .RQVXO +RQRURZ\ 5HSXEOLNL &KLOH Z .UDNRZLH ZLHOROHWQL 3UH]\GHQW ,]E\ 3U]HP\Vฤ RZR +DQGORZHM Z .UDNRZLH 8UV]XOD *DFHN t &]ฤ RQHN =DU]รฃGX )XQGDFML ,QVW\WXW 6WXGLร Z 6WUDWHJLF]Q\FK E\ฤ \ .RQVXO *HQHUDOQ\ 53 Z 1RZ\P -RUNX t PRGHUDWRU โ ข

7DOHQW\ ]HVSร ฤ ZDUWRฤณFL t U\]\ND Z ]DU]รฃG]DQLX SURMHNWDPL GU %HDWD .UDZF]\N %U\ฤ ND t 0%$ 7HOHQW 'LDJQRVLV 3ROLWHFKQLND *GDฤกVND GU .DWDU]\QD 6WDQNLHZLF] t 0%$ 7HDP %XLOGLQJ 3ROLWHFKQLND *GDฤกVND (ZD 6RZLฤกVND t :LFHSUH]HV .UDMRZHM ,]E\ %LHJฤ \FK 5HZLGHQWร Z (ZD 6]F]HSNRZVND t 5HJLRQDO +XPDQ 5HVRXUFHV 6HQLRU 0DQDJHU -HSSHVHQ D %RHLQJ &RPSDQ\


wydarzenia

&HFKรฃ NV]WDฤ FHQLD QD VWXGLDFK 0%$ MHVW SR]D ]Jฤ รทELDQLHP ]DJDGQLHฤก WHRUHW\F]Q\FK L GREU\FK SUDNW\N Z ]DU]รฃG]DQLX PRล OLZRฤณรฅ LQWHJUDFML ฤณURGRZLVND EL]QHVRZHJR :\GDU]HQLHP ]DP\NDMรฃF\P SLHUZV]\ G]LHฤก .RQJUHVX E\ฤ D XURF]\VWD *DOD 'LQQHU SRฤ รฃF]RQD z DXNFMรฃ FKDU\WDW\ZQรฃ Z NUDNRZVNLP +RWHOX *UDQG =HEUDQH ฤณURGNL SRQDG ]ฤ ]RVWDฤ \ SU]HND]DQH QD U]HF] RUJDQL]RZDQHJR SU]H] VWRZDU]\V]HQLH 30, 3RODQG SURMHNWX .LGV &DPS 'UXJL G]LHฤก .RQJUHVX PDMD ]RVWDฤ SRG]LHORQ\ QD GZLH F]รทฤณFL : SLHUZV]HM XF]HVWQLF\ PLHOL PRล OLZRฤณรฅ Z\Vฤ XFKDQLD WU]HFK SDQHOL SRฤณZLรทFRQ\FK WHPDWRP ]ZLรฃ]DQ\P ] &RPSOLDQFH โ ข

โ ข

&RPSOLDQFH L RERZLรฃ]HN UDSRUWRZDQLD U\]\N QLHILQDQsowych w praktyce odpowieG]LDOQHJR EL]QHVX L UR]ZRMX ]Uร ZQRZDล RQHJR SURI GU KDE -DQLQD )LOHN t 3URUHNWRU GV .RPXQLNDFML L :VSร ฤ SUDF\ .LHURZQLN .DWHGU\ )LOR]RILL 8(. GU 0DJGDOHQD .DQGHIHU .DฤกWRFK t 5]HF]QLN SUDVRZ\ %3 3ROVND 6 $ L VS VS M (ZD =DPRฤณFLฤกVND t 0HQHGล HU SURMHNWร Z &65LQIR GU $JQLHV]ND ล DN t PRGHUDWRU 3U\QF\SLD GOD VXNFHVX &RPSOLDQFH 3DWU\FMD %U\O :HLVV t 5DGFD SUDZQ\

6/6 6HUHG\ฤกVNL 6DQGXUVNL .DQFHODULD 5DGFร Z 3UDZQ\FK VS S (UQHVW :HQFHO t &]ฤ RQHN =DU]รฃGX :1&/ 6S ] R R $QQD *U]\ZDF]\N t '\UHNWRU GV 3URMHNWร Z +5 :1&/ 6S ] R R GU 3LRWU 6HGODN t PRGHUDWRU โ ข

=DVDG\ &RPSOLDQFH FDVH UBS i PMI Poland Chapter $JQLHV]ND .URJXOHF t 3UH]HV 30, 3RODQG &KDSWHU 7RPDV] ล XUHN t &KLHI $GPLQLVWUDWLYH 2IILFHU 8%6 %XVLQHVV 6ROXWLRQV 3RODQG 6S ] R R SURI 8(. GU KDE 3LRWU %Xฤ D t PRGHUDWRU

: GUXJLHM F]รทฤณFL GQLD RGE\ฤ \ VLรท WU]\ Uร ZQROHJฤ H ZDUV]WDW\ EL]QHVRZH โ ข

=DU]รฃG]DQLH U\]\NLHP

โ ข

:VSร ฤ SUDFD MDN ]DSRELHJDรฅ WZRU]HQLX VLรท VLORVร Z

โ ข

(ULFNVRQRZVNLH SRGHMฤณFLH GR UR]ZRMX OXG]L

6SRWNDQLD SRSURZDG]LOL WUHQHU]\ SUH]HQWXMรฃF\FK Z\VRNL SR]LRP ZLHG]\ PHU\WRU\F]QHM ERJDWH GRฤณZLDGF]HQLH ]DZRGRZH L GRVNRQDฤ H XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL WUHQHUVNLH -DNXE .DPLฤกVNL -XG\WD *XWRZVND 6LZHN

,QDXJXUDFMD ;,,, 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHJR .RQJUHVX 0%$ t SURI 8(. GU KDE $QGU]HM &KRFKร ฤ :\Nฤ DG\ LQDXJXUDF\MQ\ Z\Jฤ RV]RQ\ SU]H] JRฤณFLD VSHFMDOQHJR .DPLOD .DPLฤกVNLHJR 0%$ t :LFHSUH]HVD =DU]รฃGX 7$8521 3ROVND (QHUJLD GV =DU]รฃG]DQLD .RUSRUDF\MQHJR 3DQHO SU]\JRWRZDQ\ SU]H] )XQGDFMรท ,QVW\WXW 6WXGLร Z 6WUDWHJLF]Q\FK SW e'\SORPDFMD HNRQRPLF]QDr 1D ]GMรทFLX RG OHZHM 8UV]XOD *DFHN GU $QGU]HM %\UW $QGU]HM =GHEVNL GU 3DZHฤ .RZDO

29


wydarzenia 6WXG\ YLVLW Z ILUPLH 6HOYLWD SROVND ILUPD ELRWHFKQRORJLF]QD SURZDG]รฃFD SURMHNW\ EDGDZF]R UR]ZRMRZH Z REV]DU]H WZRU]HQLD L UR]ZRMX OHNร Z QRZHM JHQHUDFML

*DOD 'LQQHU Z +RWHOX *UDQG RUD] WRZDU]\V]รฃFD MHM DXNFMD FKDU\WDW\ZQD SU]HSURZDG]RQD QD U]HF] SURMHNWX .LGV &DPS 7U]HFL G]LHฤก .RQJUHVX XSฤ \Qรฃฤ Z VSRUWRZHM DWPRVIHU]H QD SROX JROIRZ\P 5R\DO .UDNร Z *ROI &RXQWU\ &OXE Z 2FKPDQRZLH

L -DURVฤ DZ =DPRUVNL t UHSUH]HQWDQFL ILUP\ 1RZH 0RW\ZDFMH 2VWDWQL G]LHฤก .RQJUHVX PDMD XSฤ \Qรฃฤ Z PLฤ HM VSRUWRZHM DWPRVIHU]H QD SROX JROIRZ\P 5R\DO .UDNร Z *ROI &RXQWU\ &OXE Z 2FKPDQRZLH .Dล G\ Pร Jฤ VSUร ERZDรฅ VZRLFK VLฤ Z JU]H Z JROID D SURIHVMRQDOQL JUDF]H ZDOF]\OL Z ; 7XUQLHMX *ROID R 3XFKDU '\UHNWRUD .6% 8(. =Z\FLรท]Fรฃ ]RVWDฤ 3DQ 0DUHN 5DMFD t DEVROZHQW 9,,, HG\FML 3URJUDPX ([HFXWLYH 0%$ .UDNRZVNLHM 6]NRฤ \ %L]QHVX 8(. :\VRNL SR]LRP PHU\WRU\F]Q\ Z\VWรฃSLHฤก XGDฤ R VLรท RVLรฃJQรฃรฅ G]LรทNL SUDF\ ZV]\VWNLFK F]ฤ RQNร Z 5DG\ 3URJUDPRZHM 6SUDZQ\ SU]HELHJ .RQJUHVX ]DZG]LรทF]DP\ SUDF\ .RPLWHWX 2UJDQL]DF\MQHJR VNฤ DGDMรฃFHJR VLรท Z ZLรทNV]RฤณFL ] SUDFRZQLNร Z ELXUD VWXGLร Z SRG\SORPRZ\FK L 0%$ .6% 8(. RUD] NRRUG\QDWRURZL WHJR Z\GDU]HQLD t 3DQL $JQLHV]FH :\V]\ฤกVNLHM :V]\VWNLP SUHOHJHQWRP JRฤณFLRP RUD] XF]HVWQLNRP .RQJUHVX VHUGHF]QLH G]LรทNXMHP\ ]D OLF]QH SU]\E\FLH RUD] VWZRU]HQLH QLHSRZWDU]DOQHM DWPRVIHU\ 0DP\ QDG]LHMรท QD SRQRZQH VSRWNDQLH ]D URN Z GQLDFK t PDMD

SURI 8(. GU KDE 3LRWU %Xฤ D '\UHNWRU .UDNRZVNLHM 6]NRฤ \ %L]QHVX 8(. .DWHGUD =DU]รฃG]DQLD 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHJR 8(.

30


jednostki

6HPLQDULXP PLรทG]\QDURGRZH LTI [\]LMV\{_ 5*) b ,M;ITM[ =VQ^MZ[Q\a

6WXGHQFL 0%$ ] 'H6DOHV 8QLYHUVLW\ ] 86$ UD]HP ] SU]HGVWDZLFLHODPL .6% 8(.

UIRI Z [\]LMVKQ 5*) b ,M;ITM[ =VQ^MZ[Q\a _ ;\IVQM 8MV[aT_IVQI b =;) ]KbM[\VQKbaTQ _ [MUQVIZQ]U UQฤ LbaVIZWLW_aU bWZOIVQbW_IVaU XZbMb .UDNRZVNรฃ 6]NRฤ รท %L]QHVX 8(.

W

L]\WD Z QDV]\P PLHฤณFLH E\ฤ D F]รทฤณFLรฃ GQLRZHJR SRE\WX Z (XURSLH 3R]D .UDNRZHP VWXGHQFL 0%$ RGZLHG]LOL Uร ZQLHล 3UDJรท L %XGDSHV]W :L]\WD GOD XF]HVWQLNร Z PLDฤ D FKDUDNWHU ZLHORSฤ DV]F]\]QRZ\ NXOWXURZ\ t ]ZLHG]DOL PLDVWD ] SU]HZRGQLNLHP SR]QDMรฃF LFK KLVWRULรท akaGHPLFNL t EUDOL XG]LDฤ Z Z\Nฤ DGDFK WHPDW\F]Q\FK RUJDQL]RZDQ\FK SU]H] Z\ล V]H XF]HOQLH MDN L EL]QHVRZ\ t RGZLHG]DOL ORNDOQH ILUP\

: .UDNRZVNLHM 6]NRฤ \ %L]QHVX 8(. DPHU\NDฤกVNLFK VWXGHQWร Z 0%$ SU]\ZLWDฤ '\UHNWRU t SURI 8(. GU KDE 3LRWU %Xฤ D 1DVWรทSQLH

GU 0DUFLQ 2VLNRZLF] ] .DWHGU\ 5DFKXQNRZRฤณFL 8(. Z\Jฤ RVLฤ Z\Nฤ DG SW e'RLQJ %XVLQHVV LQ 3RODQGr 3URZDG]รฃF\ ]DSUH]HQWRZDฤ ]PLDQ\ MDNLH ]DFKRG]Lฤ \ Z 3ROVFH QD SU]HVWU]HQL RVWDWQLFK ODW L VLOQLH ZSฤ \Qรทฤ \ QD RWRF]HQLH EL]QHVRZH 3U]HGVWDZLฤ DNWXDOQรฃ V\WXDFMรท MDN Uร ZQLHล V]DQVH L ]DJURล HQLD GOD SURZDG]HQLD EL]QHVX 'U 2VLNRZLF] ]DSURVLฤ GR XG]LDฤ X Z Z\Nฤ DG]LH SU]HGVLรทELRUFรท NWร U\ RSRZLHG]LDฤ R Zฤ DVQ\FK GRฤณZLDGF]HQLDFK Z ]DU]รฃG]DQLX ILUPรฃ ] EUDQล \ QLHUXFKRPRฤณFL Z 3ROVFH L ZH :ฤ RV]HFK 8F]HVWQLF\ E\OL EDUG]R ]DLQWHUHVRZDQL Wรฃ WHPDW\Nรฃ L PLHOL ZLHOH S\WDฤก GRW\F]รฃF\FK SRUXV]DQ\FK ]DJDGQLHฤก

1D ]DNRฤกF]HQLH VWXGHQFL 0%$ RWU]\PDOL SDPLรฃWNRZH FHUW\ILNDW\ XF]HVWQLFWZD Z VHPLQDULXP '\UHNWRU 3URJUDPX 0%$ ] 'H6DOHV 8QLYHUVLW\ t GU 'DYLG *LOIRLO SRG]LรทNRZDฤ SURI 3LRWURZL %XOH ]D ]DSURV]HQLH L ]RUJDQL]RZDQLH Z\Nฤ DGX :\UD]Lฤ WDNล H QDG]LHMรท QD GDOV]รฃ ZVSร ฤ SUDFรท Z SU]\V]ฤ RฤณFL 6HPLQDULXP ]RVWDฤ R SU]\JRWRZDQH QD ]DVDGDFK NRPHUF\MQ\FK L ]RVWDฤ R VILQDQVRZDQH SU]H] 'H6DOHV 8QLYHUVLW\ Monika Bulsza .LHURZQLN %LXUD 6WXGLร Z 0%$ .UDNRZVND 6]NRฤ D %L]QHVX 8(.

31


wydarzenia

Milion na Bank ยง SZWS VI LZWLbM LW XZI_LbQ_MOW JWOIK\_I

5QTQWV VI *IVS \W _IZ\WฤฌKQW_a SWVS]Z[ _QMLba ย VIV[W_MR LTI [\]LMV\{_ ? \aU ZWS] WLJaรฐ [Qฤ WV _ ZIUIKP _[X{TVMR QVQKRI\a_a L_{KP XZWOZIU{_ ยง [MS\WZW_MOW XZWOZIU] *IVSW_Ka LTI -L]SIKRQ WZIb 8ZWOZIU] :Wb_WR] 8ZbML[Qฤ JQWZKbWฤฌKQ ยถ<aLbQMฤก LTI 7[bKbฤ LbIVQIยช 2UJDQL]DWRUDPL .RQNXUVX E\OL :DUV]DZVNL ,QVW\WXW %DQNRZRฤณFL RUD] )XQGDFMD 5R]ZRMX 6SRฤ HF]HฤกVWZD :LHG]\ 7+,1. = JUรฃ ]ZLรฃ]DQD MHVW WDNล H )XQGDFMD .URQHQEHUJD G]LDฤ DMรฃFD SU]\ %DQNX +DQGORZ\P Z :DUV]DZLH

C

eOHP .RQNXUVX E\ฤ R XSRZV]HFKQLDQLH ZLHG]\ QD WHPDW U\QNX NDSLWDฤ RZHJR L MHJR SURGXNWร Z RUD] XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL LQZHVWRZDQLD L ]DU]รฃG]DQLD ILQDQVDPL RVRELVW\PL

=DGDQLHP XF]HVWQLNร Z JU\ EรทGรฃFHM V\PXODFMรฃ LQZHVW\F\MQรฃ E\ฤ R ]JURPDG]HQLH ZLUWXDOQHJR PDMรฃWNX Z Z\VRNRฤณFL PLOLRQD ]ฤ RW\FK Z MDN QDMPQLHMV]HM OLF]ELH WXU -HGQD WXUD RGSRZLDGDฤ D MHGQHPX NZDUWDฤ RZL URNX : UDPDFK JU\ XF]HVWQLF\ ZFLHODOL VLรท Z UROรท ILNF\MQHM SRVWDFL NWร UD Z ZLHNX ODW RWU]\PDฤ D QD XURG]LQ\ ]ฤ .DSLWDฤ WHQ RUD] RWU]\P\ZDQH FR NZDUWDฤ Z\QDJURG]HQLH QDOHล Dฤ R MDN QDMV]\EFLHM SRPQDล Dรฅ DE\ Z PRล OLZLH QDMNUร WV]\P F]DVLH PLHรฅ QD UDFKXQNX PLOLRQ ]ฤ RW\FK 32

'R GHF\]ML XF]HVWQLND .RQNXUVX SR]RVWDZDฤ Z\Eร U SURGXNWร Z ILQDQVRZ\FK XPRล OLZLDMรฃF\FK ORNRZDQLH NDSLWDฤ X 0Rล OLZRฤณFL E\ฤ \ GRฤณรฅ UR]OHJฤ H = MHGQHM VWURQ\ PRล QD E\ฤ R SLHQLรฃG]H WU]\PDรฅ eZ VNDUSHFLHr QLH RWZLHUDMรฃF QDZHW UDFKXQNX EDQNRZHJR = GUXJLHM VWURQ\ PRล QD E\ฤ R LQZHVWRZDรฅ SRVLDGDQ\ NDSLWDฤ QD JLHฤ G]LH JG]LH GR Z\ERUX E\ฤ R NLOND URG]DMร Z DNFML REOLJDFML IXQGXV]\ LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK F]\ VXURZFร Z L QDZHW FR WXUรท ]PLHQLDรฅ Jฤ ร ZQ\ SU]HGPLRW LQZHVW\FML MHGQRF]HฤณQLH PLHรฅ ]DFLรฃJQLรทWรฃ SRล \F]Nรท OXE NUHG\W KLSRWHF]Q\ NWร UH SU]\ XPLHMรทWQ\P Z\NRU]\VWDQLX ]DLQZHVWRZDQLX SR]ZDODฤ \ QD V]\EV]H EXGRZDQLH NDSLWDฤ X ]D VSUDZรฃ Gล ZLJQL ILQDQVRZHM *UD RGE\ZDฤ D VLรท Z ]PLHQQ\P ฤณURGRZLVNX PDNURHNRQRPLF]Q\P

] RNUHVDPL Z]URVWX JRVSRGDUF]HJR RUD] NU\]\VX : RGSRZLHGQLHM ]DNฤ DGFH PRล QD E\ฤ R ฤณOHG]Lรฅ DNWXDOQH ZDUWRฤณFL Z\EUDQ\FK ZVNDล QLNร Z JRVSRGDUF]\FK MDN 3.% VWRSD SURFHQWRZD F]\ LQIODFMD PRล OLZ\ WHล E\ฤ ZJOรฃG Z GDQH KLVWRU\F]QH FR SR]ZDODฤ R QD SRGMรทFLH SUร E\ RNUHฤณOHQLD ID]\ F\NOX NRQLXQNWXUDOQHJR Z Uร ล Q\FK KRU\]RQWDFK F]DVRZ\FK : JU]H SR]D Z\ERUHP SURGXNWร Z ILQDQVRZ\FK SRGHMPXMH VLรท V]HUHJ LQQ\FK GHF\]ML ]DF]\QDMรฃF MXล QD HWDSLH GRNRQ\ZDQLD Z\ERUX SRVWDFL NWร Uรฃ EรทG]LHP\ NLHURZDรฅ 6รฃ RSFMH ] Uร ล Q\P UR]ฤ Rล HQLHP WDNLFK DVSHNWร Z RVRERZRฤณFLRZ\FK MDN E\VWURฤณรฅ HQHUJLD GR ล \FLD G]LDฤ DQLD ERQXV GR V]F]รทฤณFLD :LรทNV]D E\VWURฤณรฅ SR]ZDOD QD RVLรฃJDQLH ZLรทNV]\FK NRU]\ฤณFL ] GRVWรทSQ\FK V]NROHฤก


6SRฤณUร G XF]HVWQLNร Z .RQNXUVX Z\ฤ RQLRQR ODXUHDWร Z SR ] NDล GHJR UHJLRQX 3ROVNL 0Dฤ RSROVND ]RVWDฤ D ]DOLF]RQD GR 5HJLRQX 3Rฤ XGQLRZHJR NWร U\ REHMPRZDฤ MHV]F]H ZRMHZร G]WZR ฤณOรฃVNLH :ฤณUร G ODXUHDWร Z ]QDOD]ฤ R VLรท GZRMH VWXGHQWร Z 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 0DJGDOHQD *UDFD RUD] $QGU]HM 5\JLHO ]GRE\ZF\ RGSRZLHGQLR L PLHMVFD Z 5HJLRQLH 3Rฤ XGQLRZ\P 1D ODXUHDWร Z F]HNDฤ \ DWUDNF\MQH QDJURG\ ILQDQVRZH &R ZLรทFHM GOD QDMOHSV]\FK RVร E Z 3ROVFH SU]HZLG]LDQR GRGDWNRZH QDJURG\ Milion na Bank RND]Dฤ VLรท NRQNXUVHP ]GHF\GRZDQLH ZDUW\P XG]LDฤ X L SROHFHQLD 3RND]XMH RQ ล H ]GRE\FLH PDMรฃWNX Z\QRV]รฃFHJR SRQDG PLOLRQ ]ฤ RW\FK MHVW MDN QDMEDUG]LHM PRล OLZH MHล HOL UR]VรฃGQLH ]DU]รฃG]D VLรท VREรฃ RUD] VZRLPL SLHQLรทG]PL *UD PD EDUG]R GXล \ SRWHQFMDฤ HGXNDF\MQ\

D NRQNXUV RIHUXMH DWUDNF\MQH QDJURG\ ']LรทNL LQVSLUDFML Wรฃ V\PXODF\MQรฃ JUรฃ LQZHVW\F\MQรฃ Z\NV]WDฤ FHQLX SHZQ\FK QDZ\Nร Z LQZHVW\F\MQ\FK NDล G\ PRล H Xฤ Rล \รฅ VRELH LQG\ZLGXDOQ\ t FKRรฅE\ GRฤณรฅ RJร OQ\ t SODQ GRMฤณFLD GR SRNDล QHJR PDMรฃWNX Z U]HF]\ZLVW\P ฤณZLHFLH

wydarzenia

7H ] NROHL Vรฃ QDU]รทG]LHP UR]ZRMX RVRELVWHJR XPRล OLZLDMรฃF NROHMQH DZDQVH Z SUDF\ FR SRFLรฃJD ]D VREรฃ Z]URVW Z\QDJURG]HQLD L SRWHQFMDOQHJR ]DVREX GR LQZHVW\FML %RQXV Z HQHUJLL GDMH PRล OLZRฤณรฅ e]URELHQLD ZLรทFHMr Z FLรฃJX WXU\ FR QLHMHGQRNURWQLH PD RJURPQH ]QDF]HQLH %RQXV GR V]F]รทฤณFLD QDWRPLDVW SR]ZDOD QD F]HUSDQLH ZLรทNV]HM VDW\VIDNFML ] GRVWรทSQ\FK ล Uร GHฤ UR]U\ZNL QS Z\MฤณFLH GR NLQD ']LรทNL XZ]JOรทGQLHQLX F]\QQLND V]F]รทฤณFLD JUD Z\GDMH VLรท EDUG]R GREU]H ]ELODQVRZDQD HGXNXMรฃFD QLH W\ONR Z DVSHNFLH ILQDQVRZ\P 3R]LRP V]F]รทฤณFLD ZDKD VLรท Z SU]HG]LDOH :\VRNL SR]LRP V]F]รทฤณFLD PLQ XPRล OLZLD X]\VNDQLH SUHPLL Z SUDF\ E\รฅ PRล H ]D VSUDZรฃ Z\ล V]HM Z\GDMQRฤณFL VNRUHORZDQHM ] RVRELVWรฃ VDW\VIDNFMรฃ = NROHL EDUG]R QLVNL SR]LRP V]F]รทฤณFLD SRQLล HM SURZDG]L GR GHSUHVML &KRรฅ QLH F]XMHP\ HPRFML ] W\P ]ZLรฃ]DQ\FK WR MXล Z VDP\P DVSHNFLH ILQDQVRZ\P WDNL VWDQ SV\FKRIL]\F]Q\ MHVW Z\VRFH QLHNRU]\VWQ\ FR WXUรท SRFKฤ DQLDMรฃF VSRU\ RGVHWHN GRW\FKF]DV ]JURPDG]RQHJR PDMรฃWNX

.RQNXUV WUZDฤ RG OXWHJR GR PDUFD :\QLNL RJฤ RV]RQH ]RVWDฤ \ PDUFD QDWRPLDVW ZUรทF]HQLH QDJUร G GOD XF]HVWQLNร Z ] QDMOHSV]\PL Z\QLNDPL QDVWรฃSLฤ R PDUFD SRGF]DV .RQJUHVX (GXNDFML )LQDQVRZHM Z :DUV]DZLH QD 6WDGLRQLH 1DURGRZ\P

Andrzej Rygiel :\G]LDฤ )LQDQVร Z L 3UDZD 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .UDNRZLH ,, URN 680 )LQDQVH L UDFKXQNRZRฤณรฅ VSHFMDOQRฤณรฅ )LQDQVH SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ VWXGLD VWDFMRQDUQH

,QQH GHF\]MH R V]F]HJร OQLH GXล \P ]QDF]HQLX MXล QD VDP\P SRF]รฃWNX JU\ WR QS Z\Eร U PLHMVFD ]DPLHV]NDQLD QS ] URG]LFDPL VDPRG]LHOQLH Z QRUPDOQ\P VWDQGDUG]LH Z DSDUWDPHQFLH VSRVREX XELRUX VSRVREX RGล \ZDQLD F]\ NZHVWLD SRVLDGDQLD VDPRFKRGX ,P Z\ล V]\ VWDQGDUG W\FK F]\QQLNร Z W\P ZLรทNV]H NRV]W\ L MHGQRF]HฤณQLH Z\ล V]\ SR]LRP V]F]รทฤณFLD 'RGDWNRZR Z FLรฃJX JU\ ]PLHQLDMรฃ VLรท SUHIHUHQFMH NLHURZDQHM SU]H] QDV SRVWDFL RUD] FHQ\ QLHNWร U\FK Gร EU QS GRVWรทSQ\FK ล Uร GHฤ UR]U\ZNL 2VLรฃJQLรทFLH ZLUWXDOQHJR PLOLRQD SU]\ SRF]รฃWNRZ\P NDSLWDOH ]ฤ MHVW MDN QDMEDUG]LHM PRล OLZH 3U]\ SLHUZV]\P SRGHMฤณFLX ]DMรทฤ R PL WR RN WXU 3R ZLHOX SUร EDFK XGDฤ R PL VLรท WR VNUร FLรฅ GR WXU RJร OQRSROVNL ]Z\FLรท]FD RVLรฃJQรฃฤ QDWRPLDVW PLOLRQ Z FLรฃJX WXU 8F]HVWQLFWZR Z NRQNXUVLH Milion na Bank E\ฤ R QLH]Z\NOH LQWHUHVXMรฃF\P L ZDUWRฤณFLRZ\P SURFHVHP Z NWร U\P Z UDPDFK ]GRE\ZDQLD SLHUZV]HJR PLOLRQD SU]HFKRG]Lฤ R VLรท RG RJร ฤ X GR V]F]HJร ฤ X t NDล G\ NROHMQ\ V]F]HJร ฤ SR]ZDODฤ Z SHZQ\P VWRSQLX VNUร FLรฅ OLF]Eรท SRWU]HEQ\FK GR RVLรฃJQLรทFLD FHOX WXU 33


wydarzenia RG OHZHM .U]\V]WRI 3LHWUDV]NLHZLF] 3UH]HV =ZLรฃ]NX %DQNร Z 3ROVNLFK $QGU]HM 5\JLHO 6WXGHQW :\G]LDฤ X )LQDQVร Z L 3UDZD 8(. 6WDQLVฤ DZ 6P\UQRZ 6WXGHQW :\G]LDฤ X )LQDQVร Z L 3UDZD 8(. 7RPDV] 7\UDฤ D 6WXGHQW :\G]LDฤ X )LQDQVร Z L 3UDZD 8(. 3DWU\FMD 5DWHFND 6WXGHQWND :\G]LDฤ X )LQDQVร Z L 3UDZD 8(. =X]DQQD 3LDVHFND '\UHNWRU +5 %DQN *RVSRGDUVWZD .UDMRZHJR 6WDQLVฤ DZ .RODVLฤกVNL &]ฤ RQHN .DSLWXฤ \ .RQNXUVX %$15,6. :DOGHPDU =E\WHN :LFHSUH]HV =DU]รฃGX :DUV]DZVNLHJR ,QVW\WXWX %DQNRZRฤณFL 0DULROD 6]\PDฤกVND .RV]F]\F :LFHSUH]HV =DU]รฃGX :DUV]DZVNLHJR ,QVW\WXWX %DQNRZRฤณFL IRW 0DULD &\ERN =HVSร ฤ 6]NROHฤก :,%

6WXGHQFL :\G]LDฤ X Finansรณw i Prawa UEK UQ[\ZbIUQ bIZbฤ LbIVQI JIVSQMU S_QM\VQI Z WLJaรฐI [Qฤ ]ZWKba[\I [M[RI ย VIรฐW_I *IVZQ[S 4QOI )SILMUQKSI *aรฐI \W R]ฤต XQฤ \I MLaKRI SWVS]Z[] WZOIVQbW_IVMOW XZbMb ?IZ[bI_[SQ 1V[\a\]\ *IVSW_WฤฌKQ XWL PWVWZW_aU XI\ZWVI\MU B_Qฤ bS] *IVS{_ 8WT[SQKP .RQNXUV MHVW UR]SR]QDZDOQ\ Z VIHU]H V]NROQLFWZD Z\ล V]HJR RUD] EL]QHVX D QDJURGรฃ GOD ]Z\FLรทVNLHJR ]HVSRฤ X MHVW ZDNDF\MQD SUDNW\ND Z %*.

B

DQULVN /LJD $NDGHPLFND WR V\PXODF\MQD JUD ] ]DNUHVX ]DU]รฃG]DQLD EDQNLHP SRGF]DV NWร UHM XF]HVWQLF\ SRGHMPXMรฃ GHF\]MH GRW\F]รฃFH P LQ XVWDODQLD VWUXNWXU\ IXQGXV]\ Zฤ DVQ\FK RUD] ล Uร GHฤ ILQDQVRZDQLD LQVW\WXFML NUHG\WRZHM UR]ZRMX VLHFL EDQNRZHM ]DWUXGQLHQLD SROLW\NL Z\QDJURG]Hฤก SROLW\NL NUHG\WRZHM F]\ WHล SRGHMPRZDQLD G]LDฤ Dฤก VSHNXODF\MQ\FK .RQNXUV SHฤ QL IXQNFMรท

34

V]NROHQLD R FKDUDNWHU]H ]DZRGRZ\P WDN DE\ VWXGHQFL SRVWDZLHQL Z UROL F]ฤ RQNร Z ZLUWXDOQ\FK ]DU]รฃGร Z PLHOL PRล OLZRฤณรฅ ]DREVHUZRZDQLD UHODFML SRPLรทG]\ QLHXVWDQQLH ]PLHQLDMรฃF\P VLรท RWRF]HQLHP PDNURHNRQRPLF]Q\P D GRNRQ\ZDQ\PL SU]H] QLFK Z\ERUDPL Z ]DNUHVLH ]DU]รฃG]DQLD EDQNLHP 'HF\]MH WH ]QDMGXMรฃ RG]ZLHUFLHGOHQLH Z FHQLH DNFML VWDQRZLรฃFHM PLHUQLN VXNFHVX ]DU]รฃG]DQHJR SU]H] ]HVSร ฤ ZLUWXDOQHJR EDQNX

: WHJRURF]QHM HG\FML NRQNXUVX Z]Lรทฤ R XG]LDฤ ]HVSRฤ ร Z ] XF]HOQL ] FDฤ HM 3ROVNL 0LPR ZLHOX SU]HFLZQRฤณFL ORVX RUD] VLOQHM NRQNXUHQFML VWXGHQFL :\G]LDฤ X )LQDQVร Z L 3UDZD 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR t 3DWU\FMD 5DWHFND L 7RPDV] 7\UDฤ D VSHFMDOQRฤณรฅ =DU]รฃG]DQLH EDQNLHP 6WDQLVฤ DZ 6P\UQRY VSHFMDOQRฤณรฅ %DQNRZRฤณรฅ RUD] $QGU]HM 5\JLHO VSHFMDOQRฤณรฅ )LQDQVH SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ NLHUXMรฃF\ EDQNLHP )XWXUH


=PDJDQLD 8F]HVWQLNร Z WUZDฤ \ SRQDG Sร ฤ URNX .RQNXUV UR]SRF]รฃฤ VLรท Z OLVWRSDG]LH D ]DNRฤกF]\ฤ Z NZLHWQLX : W\P F]DVLH RGE\ฤ \ VLรท VHVMH VWDFMRQDUQH Z :DUV]DZLH GHF\]MH SUร EQH ZHELQDULD GHF\]ML UHDOQ\FK 2UJDQL]DWRU]\ ]DGEDOL DE\ ]DU]รฃG G]LDฤ Dฤ Z ZDUXQNDFK SUHVML F]DVX ERZLHP VWXGHQFL PLHOL Z\]QDF]RQH RN GQL QD SRGHMPRZDQLH NROHMQ\FK GHF\]ML SU]\ Xล \FLX GHG\NRZDQHJR SOLNX Z ([FHOX RUD] SRSU]H] SRUWDO GR JU\ 1D Sร ฤ PHWNX PQLHM ZLรทFHM QD SRF]รฃWNX PDUFD QDOHล Dฤ R VSRU]รฃG]Lรฅ VWUDWHJLรท EDQNX GR NRฤกFD JU\ 3R ร VPHM RVWDWQLHM GHF\]ML D SU]HG ILQDฤ RZรฃ VHVMรฃ VWDFMRQDUQรฃ Z :DUV]DZLH VWXGHQFL PLHOL ]D ]DGDQLH SU]\JRWRZDรฅ VSUDZR]GDQLH ] G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL EDQNX RUD] SUH]HQWDFMรท ] UHDOL]DFML SU]\MรทWHM VWUDWHJLL %DQULVN /LJD $NDGHPLFND WR QLH]Z\NOH FLHNDZ\ UR]ZLMDMรฃF\ DOH SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP Z\PDJDMรฃF\ NRQNXUV 3URFHV QDXNL WUZD Zฤ DฤณFLZLH SU]H] FDฤ รฃ JUรท 3RGVWDZRZH ล Uร Gฤ R ZLHG]\ QLH]EรทGQHM GR ฤณZLDGRPHJR NLHURZDQLD EDQNLHP VWDQRZL GRVWDUF]RQ\ SU]H] RUJDQL]DWRUร Z SRGUรทF]QLN 3RGF]DV JU\ PLOH ZLG]LDQH Vรฃ S\WDQLD NLHURZDQH Z VWURQรท PHQWRUD ] F]HJR ZDUWR L QDOHล \ NRU]\VWDรฅ :V]\VF\ F]ฤ RQNRZLH ]HVSRฤ X VWDUWRZDOL SR UD] SLHUZV]\ Z NRQNXUVLH = WHJR WHล SRZRGX NRQNXUV VWDQRZLฤ QDSUDZGรท GXล H Z\]ZDQLH 1LH]Z\NOH SRPRFQH RND]Dฤ \ VLรท F]WHU\ GHF\]MH SUร EQH NWร UH SR]ZROLฤ \ QDP Z ]QDF]Q\P VWRSQLX SR]QDรฅ G]LDฤ DQLH PRGHOX V\PXODF\MQHJR -Xล ZWHG\ VWDUDOLฤณP\ VLรท X]\VNDรฅ MDN QDMZ\ล V]รฃ FHQรท DNFML QDV]HJR EDQNX QD ZLUWXDOQHM JLHฤ G]LH t FR MHVW Jฤ ร ZQ\P FHOHP QD NRQLHF JU\ Z\ฤ รฃF]QH NU\WHULXP ]Z\FLรทVWZD =DSHZQH QLH NDล G\ EDQN Z JU]H SUร EQHM SU]\Mรฃฤ SRGREQรฃ VWUDWHJLรท QDWRPLDVW P\ HWDS SUร EQ\ ]DNRฤกF]\OLฤณP\ ] QDMZ\ล V]รฃ FHQรฃ DNFML 3ODQ QD JUรท Jฤ ร ZQรฃ E\ฤ ZLรทF DPELWQ\ FKFLHOLฤณP\ ]DNRฤกF]\รฅ Mรฃ SRQRZQLH QD PLHMVFX t Z\MDฤณQLฤ

$QGU]HM 5\JLHO 3UH]HV EDQNX )XWXUH %DQNHUV 3RF]รฃWNL QLH QDOHล Dฤ \ GR QDMฤ DWZLHMV]\FK DE\ Z\JUDรฅ QDOHล Dฤ R U\]\NRZDรฅ 3RGF]DV SLHUZV]HM GHF\]ML UHDOQHM NXSLOLฤณP\ GXล \ SDNLHW QRZ\FK REOLJDFML NRPXQDOQ\FK NWร UH Z JU]H NRU]\VWDMรฃ ] SUHIHUHQFML SRGDWNRZ\FK t Z\MDฤณQLDMรฃ QDVL VWXGHQFL -DNR ล H SRGDWHN Z\QRVL Dล GRFKRGX WR ]HVSร ฤ ZDOF]รฃF\ R PLHMVFH MHVW Zฤ DฤณFLZLH ]PXV]RQ\ GR LFK QDE\FLD .ZHVWLD ]DU]รฃG]DQLD SRUWIHOHP REOLJDFML MHVW MHGQรฃ ] NOXF]RZ\FK Z JU]H L ] GXล \P SUDZGRSRGRELHฤกVWZHP QDMWUXGQLHMV]รฃ : NRQWHNฤณFLH QDV]HM JU\ PLDฤ D RQD EH] ZรฃWSLHQLD PLDฤ D QDMZLรทNV]H ]QDF]HQLH 3LHUZV]\ URN G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL ]DPNQรทOLฤณP\ XPLDUNRZDQ\P Z\QLNLHP t ZLGRF]Q\ E\ฤ XMHPQ\ ZSฤ \Z Z\QLNX ] SRUWIHOD REOLJDFML L ]DEH]SLHF]DMรฃF\FK JR NRQWUDNWร Z IXWXUHV : GUXJLP URNX NOXF]RZD E\ฤ D HPLVMD GXล HM OLF]E\ MHGQRURF]Q\FK FHUW\ILNDWร Z GHSR]\WRZ\FK NLHG\ FHQD SLHQLรฃG]D QD U\QNX E\ฤ D QDMQLล V]D -DNR ล H HPLVML GRNRQDOLฤณP\ QD SRF]รฃWNX GUXJLHJR URNX D SRG MHJR NRQLHF VWRS\ SURFHQWRZH ]DXZDล DOQLH Z]URVฤ \ ]JRGQLH ] QDV]\PL SU]HZLG\ZDQLDPL PRJOLฤณP\ VLรท SRFKZDOLรฅ VWRVXQNRZR EDUG]R QLVNLPL NRV]WDPL RGVHWNRZ\PL L MHGQRF]HฤณQLH Z\VRNLPL SU]\FKRGDPL RGVHWNRZ\PL ] XG]LHORQ\FK NUHG\Wร Z ZLรทNV]Rฤณรฅ NUHG\Wร Z Z JU]H RSDUWD MHVW R ]PLHQQรฃ VWRSรท SURFHQWRZรฃ VWรฃG SRG NRQLHF JU\ LFK RSURFHQWRZDQLH E\ฤ R VSRUR Z\ล V]H

QLล RGVHWNL Sฤ DFRQH ]D QDV]H URF]QH &' FHFKXMรฃFH VLรท VWDฤ \P RSURFHQWRZDQLHP : SRฤ รฃF]HQLX ] V]HUHJLHP LQQ\FK SR]\W\ZQ\FK Z\QLNร Z QDV]HJR %DQNX SR]ZROLฤ R QDP WR QD Z\UDล QH ]Z\FLรทVWZR Z JU]H ]D VSUDZรฃ Z\VRNLHJR ]\VNX RSHUDF\MQHJR Z RVWDWQLFK NZDUWDฤ DFK L EDUG]R NRU]\VWQHM ZDUWRฤณFL ZVNDล QLND ]\VN QD DNFMรท (36 t GRGDMH $QGU]HM 5\JLHO SUH]HV ZLUWXDOQHJR EDQNX

wydarzenia

%DQNHUV Z\ZDOF]\OL , PLHMVFH SRNRQXMรฃF W\P VDP\P ]HVSRฤ ร Z &HQD DNFML LFK EDQNX Z\QLRVฤ D 86' SRGF]DV JG\ GUXล \Q\ ] GUXJLHJR L WU]HFLHJR PLHMVFD Z\SUDFRZDฤ \ RGSRZLHGQLR FHQรท ]D DNFMรท 86' L 86'

(PRFML SRGF]DV JU\ QLH EUDNRZDฤ R QDMZLรทFHM Z PRPHQFLH RF]HNLZDQLD QD FRNZDUWDOQH Z\QLNL NWร UH F]DVHP VSUDZLDฤ \ ]DZร G DOH WHล QLHMHGQRNURWQLH QLHVDPRZLWรฃ UDGRฤณรฅ 1DMZDล QLHMV]H ล H Z\QLNL W\FK RVWDWQLFK E\ฤ \ EDUG]R SR]\W\ZQH Z ]ZLรฃ]NX ] QDV]\P DPELWQ\P SODQHP XSODVRZDQLD VLรท QD VDP\P V]F]\FLH .RQNXUV SR]ZDOD ]QDF]QLH UR]ZLQรฃรฅ VLรท Z ]DNUHVLH DQDOL]\ GDQ\FK ILQDQVRZ\FK ]DUร ZQR NLHURZDQHJR SU]H] QDV EDQNX MDN L NRQNXUHQFML P\ฤณOHQLD L ]DU]รฃG]DQLD VWUDWHJLF]QHJR ]UR]XPLHQLD PRGHOX IXQNFMRQRZDQLD EDQNร Z DOH Uร ZQLHล XF]\ VXPLHQQRฤณFL L SUDF\ Z ]HVSROH %\ฤ R WR EDUG]R FLHNDZH GRฤณZLDGF]HQLH Z NWร U\P ]GHF\GRZDQLH ZDUWR Z]Lรฃรฅ XG]LDฤ t SRGVXPRZXMรฃ 8F]HVWQLF\ NRQNXUVX =Z\FLรท]FRP VHUGHF]QLH JUDWXOXMHP\ ล \F]\P\ GDOV]\FK VXNFHVร Z L ]DFKรทFDP\ GR XG]LDฤ X Z NROHMQ\FK HG\FMDFK NRQNXUVX . 3UDFRZQLF\ .DWHGU\ %DQNRZRฤณFL 8(.

IRW 0DULD &\ERN =HVSร ฤ 6]NROHฤก :,%

35


jednostki 6WXGHQFL 0%$ ] 8QLYHUVLW\ RI -RKDQQHVEXUJ DEVROZHQFL L VWXGHQFL 3URJUDPร Z 0%$ RUD] .DQFOHU] 8(. 0LURVฤ DZ &KHFKHOVNL t XF]HVWQLF\ ;,,, 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHJR .RQJUHVX 0%$

International MBA Week _Qba\I [\]LMV\{_ 5*) b =VQ^MZ[Q\a WN 2WPIVVM[J]ZO Z .UDNRZVNLHM 6]NROH %L]QHVX 8(.

W

GQLDFK t PDMD EU .UDNRZVND 6]NRฤ D %L]QHVX 8(. JRฤณFLฤ D VWXGHQWร Z RUD] Z\Nฤ DGRZFรท ] 8QLZHUV\WHWX Z -RKDQQHVEXUJX 53$ SRGF]DV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 0%$ :HHN 'R XF]HVWQLFWZD Z ZL]\FLH ]RVWDฤ R Z\EUDQ\FK WU]HFK QDMOHSV]\FK VWXGHQWร Z 0%$ :\G]LDฤ X =DU]รฃG]DQLD 8QLZHUV\WHWX Z -RKDQQHVEXUJX 0HOLVVD 1DLGRR 8UHVHQ 1DLGRR RUD] %UDGOH\ 6KRGULHV

36

D WRZDU]\V]\ฤ D LP 3DQL 3URI 6HXJQHW %URQNKRUVW .LHURZQLN 6WXGLร Z ] .DWHGU\ =DU]รฃG]DQLD 3URJUDP ZL]\W\ REHMPRZDฤ XF]HVWQLFWZR Z ;,,, 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\P .RQJUHVLH 0%$ XG]LDฤ Z Z\Nฤ DGDFK L ZDUV]WDWDFK RUD] ZL]\Wรท Z ILUPLH 6HOYLWD 6WXGHQFL PLHOL RND]Mรท ]DSR]QDรฅ VLรท ] KLVWRULรฃ .UDNRZD SRGF]DV VSDFHUX 'URJรฃ .Uร OHZVNรฃ ] SU]HZRGQLNLHP ]ZLHG]LOL .RSDOQLรท 6ROL Z :LHOLF]FH RUD]

VSUร ERZDOL SROVNLHM NXFKQL &Dฤ Rฤณรฅ ZL]\W\ QDV]\FK JRฤณFL ]RVWDฤ D VILQDQVRZDQD SU]H] 8QLZHUV\WHW Z -RKDQQHVEXUJX 6WXGHQFL EDUG]R SR]\W\ZQLH RFHQLOL FDฤ \ SRE\W 3RQLล HM SU]HGVWDZLDP\ RSLQLH VWXGHQWร Z ] SRE\WX QD QDV]\P 8QLZHUV\WHFLH RUD] Z .UDNRZLH Joanna Klimek .RRUG\QDWRU 3URMHNWX .UDNRZVND 6]NRฤ D %L]QHVX 8(.


7KH 0%$ &RQJUHVV ZDV LQVLJKWIXO DQG SURYLGHG PH ZLWK D QHZ SHUVSHFWLYH RQ WKH WRSLF RI FRPSOLDQFH , ZDV IDVFLQDWHG WR OHDUQ DERXW FRPSOLDQFH LQ YDULRXV DYHQXHV RI EXVLQHVV ZH ZHUH DOVR DEOH WR QHWZRUN ZLWK D ORW RI 0%$ VWXGHQWV DQG XQLYHUVLW\ DOXPQL GXULQJ WKH EUHDNV

jednostki

, DSSUHFLDWHG WKH ZDUP KRVSLWDOLW\ IURP WKH VWDII RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV LQ .UDNRZ 7KH YLVLW DOORZHG PH WR OHDUQ DERXW WKH KLVWRU\ RI 3RODQG DQG JDYH PH D FKDQFH WR WDNH LQ WKH VLJKWV VPHOOV DQG WDVWHV RI WKH FRXQWU\ :H UHDOO\ HQMR\HG VDPSOLQJ WKH GLIIHUHQW WUDGLWLRQDO PHDOV DQG FKDWWLQJ WR ORFDOV DERXW WKHLU FRXQWU\

Uresen Naidoo

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elissa Naidoo

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radley Shodries

7KH 0%$ FRQJUHVV WKHPH ZDV q&RPSOLDQFH %HWZHHQ 9DOXHV DQG 3HUIRUPDQFHr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pV ODWHVW ERRN RQ &RQWHPSRUDU\ ,VVXHV 7KH ODVW ZRUNVKRS IRU WKH GD\ ZDV q(ULNVRQpV $SSURDFK WR +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQWr ZKLFK ZHUH DQ HQOLJKWHQHG DQG ZRUWKZKLOH DWWHQGDQFH IRU DOO 7KH JDOD GLQQHU RQ )ULGD\ HYHQLQJ ZDV VSHFLDO DQG DQ H[SHULHQFH RI DUW FXOWXUH DQG JRXUPHW IRRG ZLWK WKH WRS $FDGHPLD IRUP WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI .UDNRZ FRPSOHWLQJ D ODVWLQJ LPSUHVVLRQ DQG IDYRXUDEOH IULHQGVKLSV Seugnet Bronkhorst

SURI 8(. GU KDE 3LRWU %Xฤ D ZUรทF]D FHUW\ILNDW XF]HVWQLFWZD Z ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 0%$ :HHN GOD 0HOLVV\ 1DLGRR 6WXGHQFL 0%$ ] 8QLYHUVLW\ RI -RKDQQHVEXUJ 0HOLVVD 1DLGRR 8UHVHQ 1DLGRR L %UDGOH\ 6KRGULHV RUD] 3DQL 3URI 6HXJQHW %URQNKRUVW SRGF]DV ;,,, 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHJR .RQJUHVX 0%$

37


wydarzenia

0RGHORZDQLH L SURJQR]RZDQLH

bRI_Q[S [XWรฐMKbVW OW[XWLIZKbaKP ? LVQIKP ! UIRI ZWS] WLJaรฐI [Qฤ _ BISWXIVMU SWTMRVI \ZbaLVQW_I @1 5Qฤ LbaVIZWLW_I 3WVNMZMVKRI 6I]SW_I QU 8ZWNM[WZI )TMS[IVLZI BMTQI[QI X\ 0RGHORZDQLH L SURJQR]RZDQLH ]MDZLVN VSRฤ HF]QR JRVSRGDUF]\FK 2M[\ WVI JMbXWฤฌZMLVQฤ SWV\aV]IKRฤ 7O{TVWXWT[SQKP ;MUQVIZQ{_ 6I]SW_aKP X\ 8ZbM[\ZbMVVW KbI[W_M UWLMTW_IVQM Q XZWOVWbW_IVQM bRI_Q[S OW[XWLIZKbaKP WZOIVQbW_IVaKP _ [\WTQKa <I\Z XZbMb XZWN BMTQI[QI

U

F]HVWQLNร Z NRQIHUHQFML SRZLWDฤ NLHURZQLN .DWHGU\ 6WDW\VW\NL SURI GU KDE -ร ]HI 3RFLHFKD SURI GU KDE $OHNV\ 3RF]WRZVNL t 3URUHNWRU 8(. GV 1DXNL RUD] SURI 8(. GU KDE %RJXV] 0LNXฤ D t ']LHNDQ :\G]LDฤ X =DU]รฃG]DQLD 8(.

38

:\Jฤ RV]RQH ]RVWDฤ \ GZD UHIHUDW\ QD ]DSURV]HQLH 3LHUZV]\

] QLFK Z\Jฤ RVLฤ 3URIHVRU 7DGDVKL ,PDL]XPL 7DPD 8QLYHUVLW\ 6FKRRO RI 0DQDJHPHQW DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6FLHQFHV 7RNLR SW 2Q KRZ WR YLVXDOL]H DV\PPHWULHV RI ODUJH SUR[LPLW\ PDWUL[ E\ DV\PPHWULF 0'6 D GUXJL SURI GU KDE -ร ]HI ']LHFKFLDU] 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ ZH :URFฤ DZLX SW 4XDOLW\ RI WKH XQLYHUVLW\ 6RPH DVSHFWV RI PHDVXUHPHQW DQDO\VLV DQG PRGHOOLQJ

.ROHMQH UHIHUDW\ SUH]HQWRZDQH E\ฤ \ SRGF]DV VHVML SOHQDUQ\FK L Uร ZQROHJฤ \FK SURZDG]RQ\FK Z Mรท]\NDFK DQJLHOVNLP RUD] SROVNLP Z F]DVLH NWร U\FK Z\Jฤ RV]RQ\FK ]RVWDฤ R UHIHUDWร Z Z Mรท]\NX DQJLHOVNLP RUD] Z Mรท]\NX SROVNLP Z W\P Z\VWรฃSLHฤก JRฤณFL ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK 3RQDGWR RGE\ฤ D VLรท WDNล H VHVMD SODNDWRZD SRGF]DV NWร UHM ]DSUH]HQWRZDQR SRVWHUร Z 6HVMH SOHQDUQH


:\JğRV]RQH UHIHUDW\ RSXEOLNRZDQH ]RVWDğ\ Z PDWHULDğDFK NRQIHUHQF\MQ\FK W]Z 3URFHHGLQJV 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK 3URIHVVRU $OHNVDQGHU =HOLDV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ 0RGHOOLQJ DQG )RUHFDVWLQJ RI 6RFLR (FRQRPLF 3KHQRPHQD Z]RUHP ODW XELHJğ\FK ]RVWDğ\ ]JğRV]RQH GR &RQIHUHQFH 3URFHHGLQJV &LWDWLRQ ,QGH[ t 6RFLDO 6FLHQFH +XPDQLWLHV Z ED]LH :HE RI 6FLHQFHw &RUH &ROOHFWLRQ 1DOHő\ ]D]QDF]\ őH 3URFHHGLQJV ] 9,, 9,,, ,; L ; 0L÷G]\QDURGRZHM .RQIHUHQFML 1DXNRZHM LP 3URIHVRUD $OHNVDQGUD =HOLDVLD ]RVWDğ\ ZğãF]RQH GR ED]\ :HE RI 6FLHQFHw &RUH &ROOHFWLRQ RUD] Vã LQGHNVRZDQH Z ED]LH *RRJOH 6FKRODU 1DJURG]RQR WDNőH QDMOHSV]H SUH]HQWDFMH PğRG\FK QDXNRZFÐZ QDJURGã LP 3URIHVRUD .D]LPLHU]D =DMãFD XIXQGRZDQã SU]H] ILUP÷ 6WDWVRIW 3ROVND 1DJURG\ RWU]\PDOL GU $JQLHV]ND :Dğ÷JD L GU *U]HJRU] :Dğ÷JD RUD] GU ĞXNDV] /HQDUW ] 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 2UJDQL]DWRUHP NRQIHUHQFML E\ğ\ .DWHGUD 6WDW\VW\NL 8(. RUD] .RPLWHW 6WDW\VW\NL L (NRQRPHWULL 3$1 )XQNFM÷ 3U]HZRGQLF]ãFHJR NRPLWHWX RUJDQL]DF\MQHJR NRQIHUHQFML SHğQLğ SURI GU KDE -Ð]HI 3RFLHFKD t NLHURZQLN .DWHGU\ 6WDW\VW\NL 8(. F]ğRQHN .RPLWHWX 6WDW\VW\NL L (NRQRPHWULL 3$1 : VNğDG NRPLWHWX RUJDQL]DF\MQHJR NRQIHUHQFML ZHV]OL WDNőH SURI 8(. GU KDE $QQD 0DOLQD t ZLFHSU]HZRGQLF]ãFD GU 5RPDQ +XSWDV t VHNUHWDU] SURI 8(. GU KDE %DUEDUD 3DZHğHN SURI 8(. GU KDE 6WDQLVğDZ :DQDW GU KDE 0RQLND 3DSLHő GU KDE 6ğDZRPLU IJPLHFK GU .DWDU]\QD )URG\PD

GU -DGZLJD .RVWU]HZVND RUD] GU $UWXU /LSLHWD 3DWURQDW +RQRURZ\ NRQIHUHQFML REMãğ -0 5HNWRU 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH SURI 8(. GU KDE LQő $QGU]HM &KRFKÐğ .RPLWHW QDXNRZ\ NRQIHUHQFML WZRU]\OL SURI GU KDE -Ð]HI 3RFLHFKD t 3U]HZRGQLF]ãF\ .DWHGUD 6WDW\VW\NL 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .UDNRZLH SURI GU KDE $QGU]HM 6 %DUF]DN .DWHGUD 6WDW\VW\NL (NRQRPHWULL L 0DWHPDW\NL 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .DWRZLFDFK SURI GU KDE &]HVğDZ 'RPDġVNL .DWHGUD 0HWRG 6WDW\VW\F]Q\FK 8QLZHUV\WHW ĞÐG]NL SURI GU KDE .U]\V]WRI -DMXJD 3U]HZRGQLF]ãF\ .RPLWHWX 6WDW\VW\NL L (NRQRPHWULL 3ROVNLHM $NDGHPLL 1DXN RUD] .DWHGUD ,QZHVW\FML )LQDQVRZ\FK L =DU]ãG]DQLD 5\]\NLHP 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ ZH :URFğDZLX SURI GU KDE -DFHN 2VLHZDOVNL .DWHGUD (NRQRPHWULL L %DGDġ 2SHUDF\MQ\FK 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .UDNRZLH 3URI 51'U 9LHUD 3DF¾NRY¾ 3K' ,QVWLWXWH RI 0DWKHPDWLFV DQG 4XDQWLWDWLYH 0HWKRGV 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 3DUGXELFH 3URI $QDWROL\ , 3LO\DYVN\\ 'HSDUWPHQW RI 0DWKHPDWLFV DQG 6WDWLVWLFV /YLY 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7UDGH DQG (FRQRPLFV 'RF ,QJ (YD 6RGRPRY¾ 3K' 'HSDUWPHQW RI 6WDWLVWLFV 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV LQ %UDWLVODYD SURI GU KDE 0LURVğDZ 6]UHGHU .DWHGUD 6WDW\VW\NL 8QLZHUV\WHW *GDġVNL *ğÐZQ\P FHOHP NRQIHUHQFML E\ğD LQWHJUDFMD ijURGRZLVND QDXNRZHJR SROVNLFK VWDW\VW\NÐZ L HNRQRPHWU\NÐZ RUD] ZVSÐğSUDFXMãF\FK ] QLPL SUDFRZQLNÐZ QDXNRZ\FK XF]HOQL ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK D WDNőH NUHRZDQLH QRZ\FK NLHUXQNÐZ EDGDġ RUD] SURPRZDQLH L XSRZV]HFKQLDQLH LFK Z\QLNÐZ Z 3ROVFH L Z ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK RijURGNDFK QDXNRZ\FK 3RGF]DV VSRWNDQLD ]DSUH]HQWRZDQR UÐZQLHő QDMQRZV]H SUDFH EDGDZF]H ] ]DNUHVX V]HURNR UR]XPLDQHM VWDW\VW\NL L HNRQRPHWULL RUD] SURJQR] JRVSRGDUF]\FK SURZDG]RQ\FK Z NUDMRZ\FK L ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK RijURGNDFK QDXNRZ\FK Z W\FK G\VF\SOLQDFK :DUWR SRGNUHijOLå őH Z V]F]HJÐOQRijFL WHPDW\ND NRQIHUHQFML REHMPXMH ]DJDGQLHQLD GRW\F]ãFH P LQ WHRULL VWDW\VW\NL

L HNRQRPHWULL VWDW\VW\F]QHM DQDOL]\ GDQ\FK ZLHORZ\PLDURZHM DQDOL]\ VWDW\VW\F]QHM VWDW\VW\NL JRVSRGDUF]HM U\QNX SUDF\ L RFKURQ\ ijURGRZLVND VWDW\VW\NL VSRğHF]QHM L GHPRJUDILL PRGHORZDQLD L SURJQR]RZDQLD ]MDZLVN JRVSRGDUF]\FK HNRQRPHWULL SU]HVWU]HQQHM L G\QDPLF]QHM PDNURHNRQRPHWULL HNRQRPHWULL L LQő\QLHULL ILQDQVRZHM D WDNőH XEH]SLHF]HQLRZHM ]DU]ãG]DQLD U\]\NLHP F]\ PHWRG WDNVRQRPLL QXPHU\F]QHM .RQIHUHQFMD PD UÐZQLHő QD FHOX NV]WDğFHQLH PğRG\FK NDGU QDXNRZ\FK RUD] PD VWDQRZLå IRUXP SUH]HQWDFML UR]ZRMX LFK P\ijOL QDXNRZHM L UH]XOWDWÐZ EDGDġ

wydarzenia

L UÐZQROHJğH REHMPRZDğ\ UÐőQH REV]DU\ WHPDW\F]QH L NRQFHQWURZDğ\ VL÷ QD ZVSÐğF]HVQ\FK SUREOHPDFK VWDW\VW\NL PRGHORZDQLX SURFHVÐZ HNRQRPLF]Q\FK ]DDZDQVRZDQ\FK PHWRGDFK VWDW\VW\F]Q\FK L HNRQRPHWU\F]Q\FK SUREOHPDFK EDGDġ VSRğHF]QR HNRQRPLF]Q\FK ]DJDGQLHQLDFK DQDOL]\ SURFHVÐZ HNRQRPLF]Q\FK Z 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM ]DJDGQLHQLDFK VWDW\VW\NL RFKURQ\ ]GURZLD L VWDW\VW\NL VSRğHF]QHM RUD] SURJQR]RZDQLX JRVSRGDUF]\P

: WHJRURF]QHM HG\FML XF]HVWQLF]\ğ\ RVRE\ %\OL WR SU]HGVWDZLFLHOH UÐőQ\FK RijURGNÐZ QDXNRZ\FK L EDGDZF]\FK Z 3ROVFH P LQ 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR ZH :URFğDZLX 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .DWRZLFDFK 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z 3R]QDQLX 8QLZHUV\WHWX *GDġVNLHJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX ĞÐG]NLHJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX 6]F]HFLġVNLHJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX 0LNRğDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 8QLZHUV\WHWX 5]HV]RZVNLHJR $NDGHPLL *ÐUQLF]R +XWQLF]HM Z .UDNRZLH 6]NRğ\ *ğÐZQHM +DQGORZHM Z :DUV]DZLH :\őV]HM 6]NRğ\ %DQNRZHM Z 7RUXQLX 3ROLWHFKQLNL *GDġVNLHM 3ROLWHFKQLNL .UDNRZVNLHM 3ROLWHFKQLNL :DUV]DZVNLHM 6]NRğ\ *ğÐZQHM *RVSRGDUVWZD :LHMVNLHJR Z :DUV]DZLH .UDMRZHM ,]E\ 5R]OLF]HQLRZHM 6WDW6RIW 3ROVND L :\GDZQLFWZD & + %HFN 3RQDGWR Z REUDGDFK XG]LDğ Z]L÷OL JRijFLH ] ]DJUDQLF\ UHSUH]HQWXMãF\ 7DPD 8QLYHUVLW\ 6FKRRO RI 0DQDJHPHQW DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6FLHQFHV -DSRQLD .DUOVUXKH ,QVWLWXWH RI 7HFKQRORJ\ 1LHPF\ )20 +RFKVFKXOH 1LHPF\ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV LQ %UDWLVODYD 6ğRZDFMD 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 3DUGXELFH &]HFK\ 7DUDV 6KHYFKHQNR 1DWLRQDO 8QLYHUVLW\ RI .\LY 8NUDLQD L /YLY 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7UDGH DQG (FRQRPLFV 8NUDLQD

dr Roman Huptas .DWHGUD 6WDW\VW\NL

39


w skrรณcie

2

flash

.RQJUHV /LGHUร Z 8(.

D

QLD PDMD URNX Z 6WDUHM $XOL 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH RGE\ฤ VLรท .RQJUHV /LGHUร Z 8(. 7R ZVSร OQH SU]HGVLรทZ]LรทFLH :ฤ DG] 8(. RUD] =DU]รฃGX .RUSRUDFML $EVROZHQWร Z 8(. PD QD FHOX SRND]DQLH QDV]HM 8F]HOQL MDNR XQLZHUV\WHWX NWร UHJR DEVROZHQFL RVLรฃJDMรฃ ]QDF]รฃFH VXNFHV\ Z EL]QHVLH

2G OHZHM .D]LPLHU] %DUF]\N SU]HZRGQLF]รฃF\ 6*L30 SURI -DFHN 3XUFKOD IRW $QQD :RMQDU

1

3URIHVRU -DFHN 3XUFKOD XKRQRURZDQ\ 7\WXฤ HP 0Dฤ RSRODQLQD 5RNX

S

WRZDU]\V]HQLH *PLQ L 3RZLDWร Z 0Dฤ RSROVNL QDMZLรทNV]D UHJLRQDOQD RUJDQL]DFMD VDPRU]รฃGร Z WHU\WRULDOQ\FK Z 3ROVFH XFKZDฤ รฃ ] GQLD VW\F]QLD URNX QDGDฤ D 7\WXฤ 0Dฤ RSRODQLQD 5RNX SURI Jackowi Purchli RUD] 0LHF]\Vฤ DZRZL Gilowi 8URF]\VWRฤณรฅ ZUรทF]HQLD 7\WXฤ ร Z RGE\ฤ D VLรท F]HUZFD URNX Z $XOL &ROOHJLXP 0DLXV 8QLZHUV\WHWX -DJLHOORฤกVNLHJR 3URIHVRU -DFHN 3XUFKOD RWU]\PDฤ WR ]DV]F]\WQH Z\Uร ล QLHQLH eZ X]QDQLX ]DVฤ XJ GOD SU]\EOLล DQLD 3RODNRP NXOWXU\ L V]WXNL ฤณURGNRZRHXURSHMVNLHM L ฤณZLDWRZHM RUD] NXOW\ZRZDQLD XSRZV]HFKQLHQLD L SURPRFML NXOWXU\ SROVNLHMr 6]F]HJร OQD Vฤ Xล ED 0Dฤ RSROVFH L ฤณZLDWX

40

SU]\SDGฤ D 3URIHVRURZL 3XUFKOL Z W\P URNX NLHG\ WR Z GQLDFK RG GR OLSFD SU]HZRGQLF]\ฤ EรทG]LH VHVML .RPLWHWX ฤฒZLDWRZHJR ']LHG]LFWZD 81(6&2 D .UDNร Z JRฤณFLฤ SU]HGVWDZLFLHOL ] SRQDG SDฤกVWZ

1DMZDล QLHMV]\P SXQNWHP VSRWNDQLD E\ฤ SDQHO G\VNXV\MQ\ SQ Moja GURJD GR VXNFHVX SRGF]DV NWร UHJR QDVL $EVROZHQFL G]LHOLOL VLรท VZRLPL GRฤณZLDGF]HQLDPL ]DZRGRZ\PL RGNU\ZDOL SU]HG XF]HVWQLNDPL VSRWNDQLD WDMHPQLFH VZRLFK RVLรฃJQLรทรฅ DOH WDNล H t NX SU]HVWURG]H GOD LQQ\FK t G]LHOLOL VLรท GRฤณZLDGF]HQLDPL Z\QLNDMรฃF\PL ] SRUDล HN MDNLH LFK QD WHM GURG]H VSRWNDฤ \ 5R]Pร ZFDPL UHG 0DUFLQD 3LDVHFNLHJR e5]HF]SRVSROLWDr t PRGHUDWRUD SDQHOX E\OL โ ข

โ ข

โ ข 7\WXฤ HP 0Dฤ RSRODQLQD 5RNX XKRQRURZDQ\ ]RVWDฤ Uร ZQLHล 0LHF]\Vฤ DZ *LO SU]HZRGQLF]รฃF\ =DU]รฃGX 0Dฤ RSROVNLHM e6ROLGDUQRฤณFLr RUJDQL]DWRU VWUDMNร Z Z 1RZHM +XFLH L 0Dฤ RSROVFH SR ZSURZDG]HQLX VWDQX ZRMHQQHJR ]D FR ]RVWDฤ VND]DQ\ QD ODWD ZLรท]LHQLD 7\WXฤ ]QDQHPX G]LDฤ DF]RZL e6ROLGDUQRฤณFLr SU]\]QDQ\ ]RVWDฤ eZ X]QDQLX ]DVฤ XJ Z ZDOFH R QLHSRGOHJฤ รฃ 5]HF]SRVSROLWรฃ RUD] SUDF\ QD U]HF] EXGRZDQLD GHPRNUDW\F]QHJR 3DฤกVWZD

โ ข

โ ข

โ ข

5DIDฤ &KZDVW t :LFHSUH]HV =DU]รฃGX '\UHNWRU )LQDQVRZ\ 1RZ\ 6W\O *URXS .RQUDG +HUQLN t 'RฤณZLDGF]RQ\ PHQHGล HU UR]ZLMDMรฃF\ L UHVWUXNWXU\]XMรฃF\ VSร ฤ NL ] ZLHOX Uร ล QRURGQ\FK EUDQล %RJXVฤ DZ .RฤณPLGHU t 3U]HZRGQLF]รฃF\ 5DG\ 0LDVWD .UDNRZD :LWROG .UXV]HZVNL t '\UHNWRU )LQDQVRZ\ &]ฤ RQHN =DU]รฃGX 0HUFDWRU 0HGLFDO 6 $ 0DUHN 'ZRUDN t ,QZHVWRU L GRUDGFD (NVSHUW Z G]LHG]LQLH ILQDQVร Z L PHGLร Z :LHVฤ DZ 6DPLWRZVNL t (NVSHUW ] ]DNUHVX ]DU]รฃG]DQLD L UDFKXQNRZRฤณFL GRNWRU QDXN HNRQRPLF]Q\FK


3

w skrรณcie

hsalf 3RUR]XPLHQLH Z VSUDZLH SRGZร MQ\FK G\SORPร Z

P

RGSLVDQH SRUR]XPLHQLH WR NROHMQ\ NURN Z UR]ZRMX OHWQLHM ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ PLรทG]\ 8QLZHUV\WHWHP (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .UDNRZLH D ,QVW\WXWHP %DQNRZRฤณFL ZH /ZRZLH

PDMD URNX ZH /ZRZLH RGE\ฤ R VLรท XURF]\VWH SRGSLVDQLH SRUR]XPLHQLD R SRGZร MQ\FK G\SORPDFK GOD VWXGHQWร Z VWXGLร Z OLFHQFMDFNLFK PLรทG]\ 8QLZHUV\WHWHP (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .UDNRZLH D ,QVW\WXWHP %DQNRZRฤณFL ZH /ZRZLH : VNฤ DG GHOHJDFML ] 8(. ZHV]OL 3URUHNWRU GV .V]WDฤ FHQLD L 6WXGHQWร Z SURI GU KDE . 6XUร ZND ']LHNDQ :\G]LDฤ X =DU]รฃG]DQLD SURI 8(. GU KDE %RJXV] 0LNXฤ D RUD] SURI GU KDE 5HQDWD 2F]NRZVND RGSRZLHG]LDOQD ]D RSUDFRZDQLH SURJUDPX NV]WDฤ FHQLD Z UDPDFK SRGZร MQ\FK G\SORPร Z QD :\G]LDOH =DU]รฃG]DQLD

SRUR]XPLHQLH ]RVWDฤ R SRGSLVDQH SU]H] SURI GU KDE .U]\V]WRID 6XUร ZNรท 3URUHNWRUD GV .V]WDฤ FHQLD L VWXGHQWร Z 8(. L SURI 8(. GU KDE %RJXV]D 0LNXฤ รท ']LHNDQD :\G]LDฤ X =DU]รฃG]DQLD 8(. 1DWRPLDVW ]H VWURQ\ ,QVW\WXWX %DQNRZRฤณFL XPRZรท SRGSLVDOL 3URIHVVRU $QJHOD .X]QHWVRYD ILUVW 9LFH t 5HFWRU 6+(, 8QLZHUV\WHWX %DQNRZRฤณFL L 'U 9LWDOL\ 5\VLQ 9LFH 'LUHFWRU 6+(, 8QLZHUV\WHWX %DQNRZRฤณFL : SRGSLVDQLX XPRZ\ XF]HVWQLF]\OL WDNล H 'U 0\NROD 9R]Q\XN 'LUHFWRU /YLY ,QVWLWXWH 6+(, %DQNLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ 3URIHVVRU 2OHNVL\ 'UXKRY 9LFH t 5HFWRU LQLFMDWRU SRUR]XPLHQLD Z VSUDZLH

SRGZร MQ\FK G\SORPร Z RUD] SURI GU KDE 5HQDWD 2F]NRZVND .LHURZQLN .DWHGU\ =DU]รฃG]DQLD =DVREDPL 3UDF\ QD :\G]LDOH =DU]รฃG]DQLD 8(. 6WXGHQFL EรทGรฃ UHNUXWRZDQL QD NLHUXQHN =DU]รฃG]DQLH QD :\G]LDOH =DU]รฃG]DQLD L NLHUXQHN )LQDQVH L 5DFKXQNRZRฤณรฅ QD :\G]LDOH )LQDQVร Z L 3UDZD 3U]\MรทFL VWXGHQFL UR]SRF]Qรฃ VWXGLD QD 8NUDLQLH L SRGHMPรฃ Uร ZQLHล LQWHQV\ZQรฃ QDXNรท M SROVNLHJR D QDVWรทSQLH EรทGรฃ UHDOL]RZDรฅ X]XSHฤ QLDMรฃF\ SURJUDP NV]WDฤ FHQLD Z F]DVLH GZร FK OXE WU]HFK VHPHVWUร Z VWXGLร Z Z 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .UDNRZLH

=JRGQLH ] SRGSLVDQรฃ XPRZรฃ RG SDล G]LHUQLND PRล OLZH EรทG]LH UR]SRF]รทFLH SU]H] VWXGHQWร Z ] ,QVW\WXWX %DQNRZRฤณFL ZH /ZRZLH NV]WDฤ FHQLD QD NLHUXQNDFK =DU]รฃG]DQLH RUD] )LQDQVH L UDFKXQNRZRฤณรฅ 3R XNRฤกF]HQLX NV]WDฤ FHQLD DEVROZHQFL X]\VNDMรฃ GZD G\SORP\ ,QVW\WXWX %DQNRZRฤณFL L 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH =H VWURQ\ 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 41


w skrรณcie

flash D

]LDฤ 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\ LQIRUPXMH ล H PDMD EU 1DURGRZH &HQWUXP 1DXNL SU]HGVWDZLฤ R OLVW\ UDQNLQJRZH Z UDPDFK NRQNXUVร Z 2386 621$7$ RUD] 35(/8',80 :ฤณUร G SURMHNWร Z ]DNZDOLILNRZDQ\FK GR ILQDQVRZDQLD ]QDOD]ฤ R VLรท SLรทรฅ NWร UH UHDOL]RZDQH EรทGรฃ SU]H] SUDFRZQLNร Z 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH

:\G]LDฤ =DU]รฃG]DQLD

:\G]LDฤ *RVSRGDUNL i Administracji Publicznej:

GU 3LRWU /LW\ฤกVNL t 0HFKDQL]P\ ILQDQVRZH Z JRVSRGDUFH Z\QLNDMรฃFH ]H ]MDZLVND XUEDQ sprawl t ]ฤ GU 3LRWU 0LRGXQND t &Kฤ RSL ZREHF NU\]\Vร Z ล \ZQRฤณFLRZ\FK RG ;9,, GR SRฤ RZ\ ;,; ZLHNX

4

QD SU]\Nฤ DG]LH SRฤ XGQLRZHM 0Dฤ RSROVNL t ]ฤ

SURI 8(. GU KDE .U]\V]WRI %RURGDNR t Ocena orientacji LQQRZDF\MQHM GRVWDZFร Z Z\VRNRVSHFMDOLVW\F]Q\FK XVฤ XJ EL]QHVRZ\FK ZVSร ฤ WZRU]รฃF\FK Z\GDU]HQLD .,%6( t ]ฤ GU 0DFLHM .RVWU]HZVNL t Skoki i ich znaczenie w analizie i proJQR]RZDQLX FHQ QD Z\EUDQ\FK rynkach towarowych. Metody ZVSRPDJDMรฃFH ]DU]รฃG]DQLH U\]\NLHP t ]ฤ GU %DUWRV] .XUHN t Znaczenie LQIRUPDF\MQH NDU QDฤ Rล RQ\FK

/LVW\ UDQNLQJRZH SU]H] .RPLVMรท 1DG]RUX )LQDQVRZHJR QD VSร ฤ NL QRWRZDQH QD *LHฤ G]LH 3DSLHUร Z :DUWRฤณFLRZ\FK Z :DUV]DZLH t ]ฤ :V]\VWNLP 3DฤกVWZX VHUGHF]QLH JUDWXOXMHP\ -HGQRF]HฤณQLH ]DFKรทFDP\ SUDFRZQLNร Z 8(. RUD] GRNWRUDQWร Z GR VNฤ DGDQLD ZQLRVNร Z QD NROHMQH HG\FMH NRQNXUVร Z

5

']LDฤ 1DXNL L 7UDQVIHUX :LHG]\

'\SORPDFMD JRVSRGDUF]D 3ROVNL NOXF]HP GR VXNFHVX EL]QHVX QD U\QNX PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\P

D

QLD PDMD URNX RGE\ฤ VLรท Z\Nฤ DG RWZDUW\ QD WHPDW G\SORPDFML JRVSRGDUF]HM 3ROVNL L MHM UROL Z SURPRZDQLX SROVNLHJR EL]QHVX QD ฤณZLHFLH 3UHOHJHQWHP E\ฤ SDQ 7RPDV] 6DORPRQ '\UHNWRU 'HSDUWDPHQWX :VSร ฤ SUDF\ 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHM Z 0LQLVWHUVWZLH 5R]ZRMX 2UJDQL]DWRUHP Z\GDU]HQLD E\ฤ D NDWHGUD 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK 6WRVXQNร Z *RVSRGDUF]\FK RUD] .Rฤ R 1DXNRZH (NRQRPLL %L]QHVX

42

0LรทG]\QDURGRZHJR D SDWURQDW QDG Z\GDU]HQLHP REMรฃฤ 3DQ SURI GU KDE .U]\V]WRI 6XUร ZND 3URUHNWRU GV .V]WDฤ FHQLD L 6WXGHQWร Z 8F]HVWQLF]รฃF\ Z Z\Nฤ DG]LH VWXGHQFL PRJOL ]DSR]QDรฅ VLรท ]H ]PLDQDPL Z VWUXNWXU]H RUJDQL]DF\MQHM G\SORPDFML JRVSRGDUF]HM Z 3ROVFH QDU]รทG]LDPL VWRVRZDQ\PL SU]H] RGSRZLHG]LDOQH ]D QLรฃ LQVW\WXFMH :\Nฤ DG ]DNRฤกF]\ฤ D G\VNXVMD QD

WHPDW SURPRFML SROVNLHM JRVSRGDUNL QD ฤณZLHFLH 6SRWNDQLH ] 3DQHP 7RPDV]HP 6DORPRQHP E\ฤ R ฤณZLHWQรฃ RND]Mรฃ GR SR]QDQLD EOLล HM RUJDQL]DFML G\SORPDFML JRVSRGDUF]HM Z QDV]\P NUDMX RUD] VNRQIURQWRZDQLD ZLDGRPRฤณFL ]GRE\W\P Z WUDNFLH VWXGLร Z ] RERZLรฃ]XMรฃFรฃ Z 3ROVFH SUDNW\Nรฃ .LQJD 1DZUDFDM


6

w skrรณcie

hsalf -DN SU]HNXรฅ WDOHQW Z EL]QHV"

P

URMHNW :\VWDUWXM ] EL]QHVHP RUJDQL]RZDQ\ SU]H] .Rฤ R 1DXNRZH 3U]HGVLรทELRUF]RฤณFL L ,QQRZDFML PD QD FHOX ]DLQVSLURZDรฅ Pฤ RG\FK OXG]L GR WZRU]HQLD QRZ\FK NUHDW\ZQ\FK SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ

SHUVRQDOQHJR %DUWฤ RPLHMD .R]DND ] *UHPLXP5HF L $UWXUD 'XV]D t RSHUDWRUD NDPHU\ L IRWRJUDID 3R SUHOHNFMDFK RGE\ฤ R VLรท VSRWNDQLH QHWZRUNLQJRZH Z NOXELH *URWD P LQ ] SU]HGVWDZLFLHODPL 7Zร M 6WDUWXS

7HJRURF]QD HG\FMD RGE\ฤ D VLรท NZLHWQLD L VNฤ DGDฤ D VLรท ] GZร FK F]รทฤณFL t G]LHฤก SLHUZV]\ VNXSLDฤ VLรท QD Z\VWรฃSLHQLDFK Pฤ RG\FK OXG]L NWร U]\ SURZDG]รฃ G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ RSDUWรฃ QD VZRLFK WDOHQWDFK ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDFK 0LHOLฤณP\ SU]\MHPQRฤณรฅ JRฤณFLรฅ ฤ XNDV]D .DOLFLฤกVNLHJR ]Dฤ Rล \FLHOD QRWMXVWVKRS 'DZLGD 6]XZDOVNLHJR t WUHQHUD

'UXJLHJR GQLD PLHOLฤณP\ SU]\MHPQRฤณรฅ Z\Vฤ XFKDรฅ S 0RQLNL 6LHQNLHZLF] NWร UD SU]HSURZDG]Lฤ D SUHOHNFMH SRG W\WXฤ HP &]\ MHVWHP JRWRZ\ QD WR DE\ ]Dฤ Rล \รฅ Zฤ DVQ\ EL]QHV 8F]HVWQLF\ WHJR F\NOLF]QHJR Z\GDU]HQLD PDMรฃ RND]Mรท P LQ GRZLHG]LHรฅ VLรท MDN JHQHURZDรฅ FRUD]

ZLรทNV]H SU]\FKRG\ QLH WUDFรฃF ฤณURGNร Z GODF]HJR Pฤ RGH ILUP\ XSDGDMรฃ MDN SRฤ รฃF]\รฅ ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD L EL]QHV F]\ MDN ]GRE\รฅ GRILQDQVRZDQLH QD VZRMรฃ SLHUZV]รฃ G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ 3UHOHNFMH GRW\F]รฃ WHPDW\NL PDUNHWLQJX SXEOLF UHODWLRQV HPSOR\HU EUDQGLQJ RUD] ILQDQVRZDQLD G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL JRVSRGDUF]HM .RQIHUHQFMD VNLHURZDQD MHVW ]Zฤ DV]F]D GOD VWXGHQWร Z , ,, ,,, VWRSQLD ]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FK G]LHG]LQรฃ PDUNHWLQJX HNRQRPLL RUD] SRNUHZQรฃ WHPDW\Nรฃ 'LDQD 6RFKD

43


jednostki

<IU OLbQM [ðWġKM Ĭ_QMKQ

GQL Z URNX

1LHZLHOX VWXGHQWÐZ QDV]HM 8F]HOQL PD ijZLDGRPRijå NRU]\ijFL MDNLH QLHVLH ]H VREã SURJUDP SUDNW\N ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK (UDVPXV ) XZbMKQMĵ _a[\IZKbĊ \aTSW KPĔKQ

XWUWK )SILMUQKSQMOW +MV\Z]U 3IZQMZa Q KIðI -]ZWXI RM[\ VI _aKQĊOVQĔKQM ZĔSQ

44


D XSDฤ \ ]GHF\GRZDQLH GDฤ R VLรท SU]Hล \รฅ Jฤ ร ZQLH G]LรทNL ZLOJRFL L Vฤ \QQHM VHD EUHH]H :RGD SU]\ PDOWDฤกVNLFK EU]HJDFK MHVW X]QDZDQD ]D QDMF]\VWV]รฃ Z (XURSLH t ]GHF\GRZDQLH WR SRWZLHUG]DP 3ฤ \ZDMรฃF SU]\ &RPLQR VLRVWU]DQD Z\VSD 0DOW\ PRล QD E\ฤ R SRG]LZLDรฅ GQR L ZRGรท R SU]HMU]\VWRฤณFL LGHQW\F]QHM MDN EXWHONRZDQD ZRGD PLQHUDOQD 0LHV]NDMรฃF QD 0DOFLH FRG]LHQQLH SU]HELHUDOLฤณP\ Z MHM SODล DFK L ]DWRNDFKf QDMSLรทNQLHMV]D 5LYLHUD L SURZDG]รฃFH GR QLHM VFKRGร Z QLHVDPRZLWD *ROGHQ %D\ QDMGฤ Xล V]D 0HOOLHKD %D\ 5DPOD %D\ ] F]HUZRQ\P SLDVNLHP 3UHWW\ %D\ ] ZLGRNLHP QD SRUW WDQNRZFร Z FXGRZQD 3DUDGLVH %D\ F]\ NDPLHQLVWH 6DLQW 3HWHUpV 3RRO t QDMOHSV]H PLHMVFH

Z LFK RMF]\ล QLH SU]H] RNRฤ R GQL Z URNX ฤณZLHFL Vฤ RฤกFH 3U]H] GZD PLHVLรฃFH WR V]F]รทฤณFLH HZLGHQWQLH PL VLรท XG]LHODฤ R D MHJR GRZRG\ ZLG]LDฤ DP FRG]LHQQLH Z SUDF\ Z DXWREXVLH SRGF]DV ]DNXSร Z F]\ QD SODล \ 0DOWDฤกF]\F\ Vรฃ EDUG]R PLฤ \PL QLHVDPRZLFLH JRฤณFLQQ\PL OXGล PL L QLH VSRWNDฤ DP ล DGQHJR Z\MรฃWNX RG WHM UHJXฤ \

QD VNRNL GR ZRG\ 0DOWD RIHUXMH ]UHV]Wรฃ GXล R ZLรทFHM QLล NUDMREUD]\ MHVW SDฤกVWZHP R ERJDWHM KLVWRULL VLรทJDMรฃFHM NLONX W\VLรทF\ ODW &KDUDNWHU\VW\F]QD MHVW DUFKLWHNWXUD Z\VS\ t SLDVNRZD EDUZD EXG\QNร Z ] GU]ZLDPL L RNLHQQLFDPL ZH ZV]\VWNLFK NRORUDFK WรทF]\ 2GSRF]\ZDMรฃF SR SODล RZDQLX NRQLHF]QLH WU]HED ]REDF]\รฅ ]DE\WNRZH PLDVWD WDNLH MDN 0GLQD F]\OL QDZLHG]RQH SU]H] GXFK\ 6LOHQW &LW\ R ZรฃVNLFK XOLF]NDFK VWROLFรท 9DOOHWWรท t SU]HSLรทNQH SHฤ QH ]DE\WNร Z ZDURZQH PLDVWR Vฤ \QQH 7KUHH &LWLHV W\SRZR WXU\VW\F]QH %XJLEEรท L 6OLHPรท D QDZHW 3DFHYLOOH Z 6DLQW -XOLDQV t QLJG\ QLH]DV\SLDMรฃFรฃ LPSUH]RZรฃ G]LHOQLFรท 0DOW\

Zฤ DฤณQLH Z WHQ VSRVร E VSรทG]LFLH QDMOHSV]H PLHVLรฃFH Z VZRLP ล \FLX" 7DN E\ฤ R Z PRLP SU]\SDGNX (UDVPXV RND]Dฤ VLรท E\รฅ ZLHONรฃ V]DQVรฃ L QD SHZQR ] QLHM MHV]F]H VNRU]\VWDP &]DV ZLรทF QD UHMHVWUDFMรท WURFKรท RV]F]รทGQRฤณFL L SDNRZDQLH ZDOL]NL $ SRWHPf GRฤณZLDGF]HQLH NWร U\P SRFKZDOLFLH VLรท Z &9 QDMOHSV]H SUDNW\F]QH OHNFMH Mรท]\ND REFHJR QLH]LHPVNLH PLDVWD L SODล H PQร VWZR QRZ\FK ]QDMRP\FK D SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP t SU]\JRGD NWร UHM QLJG\ QLH ]DSRPQLFLH

jednostki

N

LJG\ SRZDล QLH QLH P\ฤณODฤ DP R (UDVPXVLH D SU]\QDMPQLHM QLH GR NZLHWQLD URNX NLHG\ $&. G]LDฤ DMรฃFH QD 8(.X UR]SRF]รทฤ R GRGDWNRZรฃ UHNUXWDFMรท GR SURJUDPX SUDNW\N ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK %\ฤ DP QD GUXJLP URNX VWXGLร Z PXVLDฤ DP RGE\รฅ RERZLรฃ]NRZH SUDNW\NL L SRVWDQRZLฤ DP ]URELรฅ WR ]D JUDQLFรฃ :V]\VWNR SRWRF]\ฤ R VLรท EDUG]R V]\ENR 2G V]DORQHJR SRP\Vฤ X GR MHJR UHDOL]DFML /HNWXUD RSLQLL E\ฤ \FK (UDVPXVร Z UR]PRZ\ ] QLPL ]Jฤ RV]HQLH GRSHฤ QLDQLH ZV]\VWNLFK IRUPDOQRฤณFL Lf SRG NRQLHF OLSFD Z\OรฃGRZDฤ DP QD 0DOFLH 2 Z\VSLH QLH ZLHG]LDฤ DP QLF SR]D W\P ล H MHVW PDOHฤกND ZLHONRฤณFL .UDNRZD L ล H Z F]DVLH ZDNDFML EรทGรท Sฤ \ZDรฅ Z 0RU]X ฤฒUร G]LHPQ\P 1D V]F]รทฤณFLH QLH Z\MHล Gล Dฤ DP VDPD DOH ] PRLP SU]\MDFLHOHP ] 8F]HOQL

(UDVPXV WR V]DQVD 3RGVXPRZXMรฃF ] F]\VW\P VXPLHQLHP PRJรท SROHFLรฅ ZV]\VWNLP SUDNW\NL QD 0DOFLH &R ZLรทFHM FKFLDฤ DE\P SU]HNRQDรฅ ZV]\VWNLFK NWร U]\ MHV]F]H QLH SUร ERZDOL VZRLFK VLฤ SRGF]DV ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK SUDNW\N ล H QDSUDZGรท ZDUWR 1LH PD VLรท F]HJR EDรฅ PRล H

3UDNW\NL L QLHUXFKRPRฤณFL = UDFML NLHUXQNX VWXGLร Z VWXGLXMรท HNRQRPLรท D PRMD VSHFMDOL]DFMD WR QLHUXFKRPRฤณFL L LQZHVW\FMH RGE\ZDฤ DP SUDNW\NL Zฤ DฤณQLH Z EUDQล \ QLHUXFKRPRฤณFL 6LPRQ 0DPR 5HDO (VWDWH WR MHGQR ] QDMZLรทNV]\FK ELXU QLHUXFKRPRฤณFL QD 0DOFLH : VLHGPLX RGG]LDฤ DFK ILUP\ SUDFXMH QLHPDO RVร E 0\ QDMF]รทฤณFLHM SUDFRZDOLฤณP\ Z ELXU]H Z WXU\VW\F]QHM PLHMVFRZRฤณFL 4DZUD %LXUR PLHฤณFLฤ R VLรท QDG VDP\P PRU]HP D ZLGRNL VNXWHF]QLH UR]SUDV]Dฤ \f : ]HVSROH 4DZU\ SUDFRZDOL QDSUDZGรท ZVSDQLDOL OXG]LH D FDฤ D UHV]WD GDฤ D QDP VLรท SR]QDรฅ SRGF]DV ILUPRZHJR VWDII SDUW\ $ RERZLรฃ]NL" *ฤ ร ZQLH SURVWD SUDFD ELXURZD SLVDQLH DUW\NXฤ ร Z NRQWDNW WHOHIRQLF]Q\ ] NOLHQWHP XPDZLDQLH VSRWNDฤก ] NOLHQWDPL RUD] Uร ล QH ]DGDQLD ]ZLรฃ]DQH ] IRWRJUDILรฃ QS SRPRF Z PRGHUQL]DFML VWURQ\ LQWHUQHWRZHM VHVMH ]GMรทFLRZH DJHQWร Z F]\ VSU]HGDZDQ\FK QLHUXFKRPRฤณFL 6ฤ Xล ERZH ZL]\W\ Z QLHUXFKRPRฤณFLDFK NOLHQWร Z 6LPRQ 0DPR SR]ZROLฤ \ QDP ]ZLHG]Lรฅ FDฤ รฃ Z\VSรท L ]REDF]\รฅ QLHVDPRZLWH OXNVXVRZH ZQรทWU]D QDGPRUVNLFK ZLOOL L DSDUWDPHQWร Z .LOND Vฤ ร Z R Z\VSLH 7HU\WRULXP 5HSXEOLNL 0DOW\ WR WU]\ Z\VS\ 0DOWD *R]R L &RPLQR 7R Z\VSLDUVNL NUDM Z NWร U\P VLรท ]DNRFKDฤ DP L PLHMVFH GR NWร UHJR QD SHZQR ZUร Fรท MHV]F]H QLH UD] 3RJRGD QDV UR]SLHV]F]Dฤ D

0DOWDฤกF]\F\ 3RGREQR PLHV]NDฤกF\ 0DOW\ Vรฃ MHGQ\P ] QDMV]F]รทฤณOLZV]\FK QDURGร Z QD ฤณZLHFLH 7UXGQR LP VLรท G]LZLรฅ VNRUR

IRW .DFSHU 7URรฅ

(UDVPXV WR MHGHQ ] QDMZLรทNV]\FK SU]\ZLOHMร Z MDNLH GDMH QDP VWXGLRZDQLH *U]HFKHP ZLรทF E\ฤ RE\ ] QLHJR QLH VNRU]\VWDรฅ L QLH VSUร ERZDรฅ VZRLFK VLฤ SRGF]DV UHNUXWDFML GR SURJUDPX SUDNW\N ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK Agata Suder VWXGHQWND HNRQRPLL

45


jednostki

Ekonomia Q ฤฌXQM_

-SWVWUQI \W VI]SI [XWรฐMKbVI S\{ZI IVITQb]RM Q WXQ[]RM LWJZI ยง QKP XZWL]SKRฤ La[\ZaJ]KRฤ WZIb SWV[]UXKRฤ W KbaU [\]LMVKQ VI[bMR )TUI 5I\MZ ]Kbฤ [Qฤ XZbMb KIรฐa WSZM[ VI]SQ JMb _bOTฤ L] VI SQMZ]VMS S\{Za [\]LQ]Rฤ (NRQRPLD WR Uร ZQLHล QDXND ]DMPXMรฃFD VLรท W\P MDN MHGQRVWND RUD] VSRฤ HF]HฤกVWZR GHF\GXMH R Z\NRU]\VWDQLX ]DVREร Z

C

]DV MHVW MHGQ\P ] W\FK ]DVREร Z t NRV]W DOWHUQDW\ZQ\ WR LQDF]HM NRV]W XWUDFRQ\FK PRล OLZRฤณFL OXE NRU]\ฤณFL t NDล G\ ] QDV VDP GHF\GXMH MDN JR SU]H]QDF]D L F]\ Z\NRU]\VWD JR Z QDMOHSV]\ VSRVร E 'OD FKร U]\VWร Z 'RPLQDQW\ HNRQRPLD WR SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP QDXND ]DMPXMรฃFD VLรท MDN QDMOHSV]\P Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP VZRMHJR F]DVX Z VSRVร E MDN QDMEDUG]LHM SURGXNW\ZQ\ RUD] ERJDW\ Z HIHNW\ .Dล G\ PD WDOHQW RUD] VZRMH LQG\ZLGXDOQH SUHG\VSR]\FMH -HGQDN Z FKร U]H QLH OLF]รฃ VLรท LQG\ZLGXDOQRฤณFL t UD]HP SUDFXMHP\ QDG W\P E\ QDV]H ]GROQRฤณFL SRฤ รฃF]\ฤ \ VLรท Z MHGHQ SRWรทล Q\ WDOHQW SRQDG RVRERZHJR ]HVSRฤ X :LHOH

46

JRG]LQ SUร E ZLHOH JRG]LQ SUDF\ QDG NROHMQ\PL XWZRUDPL VWDUDP\ VLรท SU]HNXรฅ Z MDN QDMOHSV]H HIHNW\ -HGQ\P ] HIHNWร Z G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL FKร UX 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR 'RPLQDQWD E\ฤ Z\MD]G Z GQLDFK RG GR PDMD QD ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 0D\ &KRLU &RPSHWLWLRQ SURI *HRUJL 'LPLWURYD .RQNXUV\ WH RGE\ZDMรฃ VLรท Z MHGQ\FK ] HXURSHMVNLFK PLDVW WDNLFK MDN $UH]]R ZH :ฤ RV]HFK 'HEUHFHQ QD :รทJU]HFK 7RXUV ZH )UDQFML 0DULERU QD 6ฤ RZHQLL 7RORVD Z +LV]SDQL Z W\P URNX NRQNXUV PLDฤ PLHMVFH Z :DUQLH Z %Xฤ JDULL 7R ZLHONLH Z\Uร ล QLHQLH GOD FKร UX L MHJR GRW\FKF]DVRZHM

G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL SRQLHZDล VSRฤณUร G SRQDG ]Jฤ RV]Hฤก XGDฤ R PX VLรท ]DNZDOLILNRZDรฅ GR ILQDฤ RZHM NWร UD PLDฤ D RND]Mรท NRQNXURZDรฅ ]H VREรฃ MXล QD ล \ZR QD VFHQLH :LHOH PLHVLรทF\ QDV]HM SUDF\ ]RVWDฤ R QDJURG]RQH PLHMVFHP Z QDV]HM NDWHJRULL : UHSHUWXDU]H NRQNXUVRZ\P ]QDOD]ฤ \ VLรท XWZRU\ VDNUDOQH RUD] OXGRZH t D ล H 'RPLQDQWD Mรท]\Nร Z VLรท QLH ERL ZLรทF PLDฤ D GR F]\QLHQLD ] ฤ DFLQรฃ F\U\OLFรฃ Mรท]\NLHP PDFHGRฤกVNLP RUD] RERZLรฃ]NRZ\P XWZRUHP Z RMF]\VW\P Mรท]\NX RUJDQL]DWRUร Z F]\OL EXฤ JDUVNLP -HGQDN 'RPLQDQWD WR QLH W\ONR PLรทG]\QDURGRZH NRQNXUV\


jednostki

QD QDMZ\ล V]\P SR]LRPLH DOH Uร ZQLHล XF]HVWQLF]HQLH Z ล \FLX XF]HOQLDQ\P RUD] NRQFHUWDFK RNROLF]QRฤณFLRZ\FK PDMD E\ฤ WR NRQFHUW QD 5\QNX *ฤ ร ZQ\P ] RND]ML )HVWLZDOX 1DXNL D 0DMD ฤฒZLรทWR 8(. 1DV]D $OPD 0DWHU REFKRG]Lฤ D VZRMH ฤณZLรทWR Z NWร U\P MDN FR URNX PLHOLฤณP\ RND]Mรท XF]HVWQLF]\รฅ XฤณZLHWQLDMรฃF MH XWZRUDPL WDNLPL MDN %UHYH 5HJQXP *DXGH 0DWHU 3RORQLD *DXGHDPXV ,JLWXU XWZRU\ WH QD VWDฤ H ZSLVDฤ \ VLรท Z XF]HOQLDQH RUD] VWXGHQFNLH WUDG\FMH QD WHUHQLH FDฤ HJR NUDMX Jฤ รทERNR ]DNRU]HQLDMรฃF VLรท Z QDV]HM NXOWXU]H 1LH VSRF]\ZDMรฃF QD ODXUDFK XF]HVWQLF]\OLฤณP\ Z 9,,, 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\P .RQNXUVLH &UDFRYLD &DQWDQV RGE\ZDMรฃF\P VLรท Z GQLDFK F]HUZFD Z =HVSROH 6]Nร ฤ 0X]\F]Q\FK Z 1RZHM +XFLH -HVW WR NRQNXUV FLHV]รฃF\ VLรท GXล รฃ Vฤ DZรฃ Z ฤณURGRZLVNX FKร UDOQ\P RG ODW VWRMรฃF\ QD EDUG]R Z\VRNLP SR]LRPLH 3R UD] NROHMQ\ Z W\P URNX ]PLHU]\P\ VLรท ] FKร UDPL ] FDฤ HJR ฤณZLDWD P LQ ]H 6ฤ RZHQLL F]\ 1LHPLHF : UDPDFK OLF]Q\FK NRQFHUWร Z NWร UH Vรฃ QLHRGฤ รฃF]Q\P HOHPHQWHP WHJR NRQNXUVX E\ฤ D WR RND]MD GR SRVฤ XFKDQLD FKร Uร Z Uร ZQLHล VSR]D (XURS\ PLรทG]\ LQQ\PL ] ,]UDHOD F]\ ,QGRQH]ML

QLHUD] QLH W\ONR MHGHQ NLHUXQHN D ZLHOH RVร E Uร ZQLHล VSHฤ QLD VLรท Z ล \FLX ]DZRGRZ\P F]\ G]LDฤ D w LQQ\P RUJDQL]DFMDFK VWXGHQFNLFK 'ZLH SUร E\ W\JRGQLRZR WUZDMรฃFH SR JRG]LQ\ ]HJDURZH PRJรฃ VLรท NRPXฤณ Z\GDZDรฅ F]DVHP WUXGQ\P GR Z\JRVSRGDURZDQLD Z WUDNFLH W\JRGQLD GR WHJR QLHUD] GRFKRG]รฃ GRGDWNRZH JRG]LQ\ SRฤณZLรทFRQH QD Z\VWรทS\ F]\ SU]\JRWRZDQLD GOD NRQNXUVร Z 'OD QDV ] NROHL Vรฃ WR Dล JRG]LQ\ QLHSRฤณZLรทFRQH ฤณSLHZDQLX

7DOHQWHP GOD QDV FKร U]\VWร Z MHVW Uร ZQLHล D PRล H SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP XPLHMรทWQH JRVSRGDURZDQLH F]DVHP .Dล G\ ] QDV VWXGLXMH

2G SU]\V]ฤ HJR VHPHVWUX ]DSUDV]DP\ GR ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ V]F]HJร OQLH Jฤ RV\ PรทVNLH Jฤ RV\ ล HฤกVNLH W\ONR ] GRฤณZLDGF]HQLHP FKร UDOQ\P

0Rล OLZRฤณรฅ SU]\VWรฃSLHQLD GR FKร UX W\ONR SR GHNODUDFML XF]HVWQLF]HQLD Z SUร EDFK RUD] XURF]\VWRฤณFLDFK XF]HOQLDQ\FK 3Uร E\ ZVSร OQH RGE\ZDMรฃ VLรท ZH ZWRUNL L F]ZDUWNL 6HUGHF]QLH ]DSUDV]DP\ GR UR]ZLMDQLD ] QDPL VZRMHJR WDOHQWX :LรทFHM LQIRUPDFML SDZLORQ & SRN $ HPDLO GRPLQDQWD XHN#JPDLO FRP =DSUDV]DP\ GR ฤณOHG]HQLD QDV]HJR IDQSDJHpD QD )DFHERRNX 'RPLQDQWD &KRLU

-XVW\QD .U]\ล DQRZVND =DU]รฃG &Kร UX 8(. e'RPLQDQWDr

47


jednostki +RQJNRQJ IRW 0DJGDOHQD 'RPDJDOVND

W poszukiwaniu Zฤ DVQ\FK DWXWร Z ยง _aRIbLa VI [\]LQI bIOZIVQKbVM ? _QMS] [\]LMVKSQU _a[\IZKba XWฤฌ_Qฤ KWVa KbI[ bVIRWUWฤฌฤ Rฤ baSI Q WLZWJQVI LM\MZUQVIKRQ E\ ]QDOHล รฅ L UHDOL]RZDรฅ VZร M WDOHQW Z V]HUV]\P PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\P NRQWHNฤณFLH

48

S

LOQD RIHUWD Z\PLDQ\ ]DJUDQLF]QHM 8F]HOQL L QLHRJUDQLF]RQH DPELFMH ]ZLรฃ]DQH ] SODQDPL SR XNRฤกF]HQLX V]NRฤ \ WZRU]รฃ GXHW GRVNRQDฤ \ 3ร ฤ URF]Q\ OXE URF]Q\ SRE\W Z Z\EUDQ\P SU]H] VLHELH PLHMVFX QD ]LHPL SU]HNDOLEURZXMH REUD] ฤณZLDWD GHILQLFMรท VXNFHVX L SR]ZDOD RGNU\รฅ Z VRELH WDOHQW\ R NWร UH F]DVDPL VLรท QLH SRGHMU]HZDP\ 6WXGHQFL Z\GDMรฃ VLรท PLHรฅ SHฤ Qรฃ ฤณZLDGRPRฤณรฅ ]PLDQ MDNLH ]DFKRG]รฃ Z W\P ZLHNX MDNLH GRNRQXMรฃ VLรท Z ฤณZLHFLHf GRSร NL

MHGQDN QLH VSUDZG]รฃ VLรท QD V]HURNLFK ZRGDFK QLH PDMรฃ SHฤ QHM ฤณZLDGRPRฤณFL FR Z QLFK GU]HPLH L FR PD LP GR ]DRIHURZDQLD ฤณZLDW =DZV]H ZDWUR ]PLHU]\รฅ VLรท ] Z\]ZDQLHP MHGQDN DE\ GHF\]MD R Z\MHล G]LH E\ฤ D SHฤ QD L SU]\F]\QLฤ D VLรท GR RGNU\FLD WDOHQWX ZDUWR SRVWDZLรฅ VRELH S\WDQLD 3LHUZV]H t MDN ]DGEDรฅ R WR ล HE\ PRMH ล \FLH ]DZRGRZH E\ฤ R XGDQH" 'UXJLH t FR ]URELรฅ DE\ UHODFMH ] LQQ\PL E\ฤ \ ล Uร Gฤ HP SU]\MHPQRฤณFL" , WU]HFLH MDN WR RVLรฃJQรฃรฅ" 'RฤณZLDGF]HQLH RVร E


jednostki

SUDFXMรฃF\FK Z %LXU]H 3URJUDPร Z =DJUDQLF]Q\FK 8(. ZVND]XMH MHGQรฃ RGSRZLHGล t eZ\MHGล VSUDZGล VLรท SR]QDM ฤณZLDW RGQDMGล VLรท Z LQQHM U]HF]\ZLVWRฤณFLr :\MD]G QD F]รทฤณFLRZH VWXGLD ]DJUDQLF]QH PRFQR PRW\ZXMH 'R G]LDฤ DQLD VNฤ DQLDMรฃ PRล OLZRฤณรฅ QDXNL Z QRZ\P RWRF]HQLX ]ZLรทNV]DMรฃF\ VLรท ]DNUHV RGSRZLHG]LDOQRฤณFL ZVSLHUDQLH LQQ\FK QRZRSR]QDQ\FK ZVSDUFLH LQQ\FK QRZRSR]QDQ\FK F]\ Z NRฤกFX X]QDQLH ] MDNLP VSRW\NDMรฃ VLรท QDV]H RVLรฃJQLHFLD :\MD]G VW\SHQGLDOQ\ MHVW Z MDNLPฤณ VHQVLH ZVWรทSHP GR RSUDFRZDQLD VWUDWHJLL VZRMHJR UR]ZRMX ]DZRGRZHJR L RVRELVWHJR SRF]รฃWNLHP EXG]HQLD VLรท WDOHQWร Z L ฤณZLHWQ\P VSRVREHP QD LFK RV]DFRZDQLH .LHG\ OXG]LH NWร U]\ ] UDFML VZRLFK SUHG\VSR]\FML PDMรฃ Z\VRNรฃ SRWU]HEรท RVLรฃJQLHรฅ D GR JUXS\ WHM QDOHล \ ZLรทNV]Rฤณรฅ VWXGHQWร Z XELHJDMรฃF\FK VLรท R Z\MD]G\ ]DZV]H ]QDMGรฃ GRGDWNRZ\ F]DV L GRGDWNRZรฃ HQHUJLรท QD G]LDฤ DQLD NWร UH ]DRZRFXMรฃ QDMEDUG]LHM QDPDFDOQ\PL Z\QLNDPL 3U]\SRPLQDP\ ZV]\VWNLP ]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\P QRZ\PL PRล OLZRฤณFLDPL VWDUรฃ SUDZGรท ล H ZLรทFHM X]GROQLHฤก WUDFLP\ ]H VWUDFKX SU]HG FKDRVHP QLH]QDQHJR QLล Z Z\QLNX SRGHMPRZDQ\FK G]LDฤ Dฤก 7\ONR SRGHMPRZDQLH Z\]ZDฤก EXGXMH NUHDW\ZQRฤณรฅ L SR]ZDOD QD XZROQLHQLH VLรท X]GROQLHฤก .UHDW\ZQRฤณรฅ WR SRFKRGQD HPSDWLL LQWXLF\MQHJR ]UR]XPLHQLD 6LHG]รฃF ZH Zฤ DVQ\P NรฃFLH QLJG\ QLH ]EXGXMHP\ W\FK FHFK Z VRELH QLH QDEรทG]LHP\ GRฤณZLDGF]HQLD :V]\VWNR FR EH]SLHF]QLH ]QDMRPH ZV]\VWNR FR

8(. NWร UH PLHฤณFL VLรท Z EXG\QNX SRFKRG]L ] GREU]H ]QDQ\FK ล Uร GHฤ e6WUร ล ร ZNDr QD WHUHQLH NDPSXVX QLH QDXF]\ QDV ล \FLD ล HE\ RVLรฃJ8F]HOQL =DSUDV]DP\ VHUGHF]QLH Qรฃรฅ VXNFHV WU]HED ] WHJR NรฃWD Z\Mฤณรฅ WU]HED QDXF]\รฅ VLรท UHDJRZDรฅ L UD] MHV]F]H QDPDZLDP\ QD SRGMรทFLH GHF\]ML NWร UH PRJรฃ ZLHOH QD QLHRF]HNLZDQH LQIRUPDFMH UD]PLHQLรฅ QD OHSV]H G]Lรฅ VRELH ] QLHSHZQRฤณFLรฃ ] QLH]UR]XPLDฤ \PL ]DFKRZDQLDPL LQQ\FK &Dฤ D RIHUWD %3= ]QDMGXMH VLรท QD &]\ Z F]DVLH WUZDQLD VWXGLร Z MHVW VWURQLH ZZZ ES] XHN NUDNRZ SO QD WR OHSV]\ VSRVร E QLล Z\MD]G" 3U]H] ZV]\VWNLH QLHGRJRGQRฤณFL ]ZLรฃ]DQH ] SURFHGXUDPL UHNUXWDF\MQ\PL L UHJXODFMDPL ]ZLรฃ]DQ\PL ] Z\MD]GHP SRPRJรฃ FKรทWQLH SU]HMฤณรฅ SUDFRZQLF\ %LXUD 3URJUDPร Z =DJUDQLF]Q\FK

/LF]\P\ QD WR ล H MHVW WR SLHUZV]D DOH QLH RVWDWQLD ZVSร OQD DNFMD

Biuro Programรณw Zagranicznych UEK

Manhattan, IRW $JQLHV]ND +\G]LN

RG OHZHM .RSHQKDJD IRW 'RPLQLN 'UDW /L]ERQD IRW -RDQQD %DUQDฤณ

49


studenci

']LDğDMãF Z 368(. KWLbQMVVQM WLSZa_IUa [_WRM \ITMV\a bW[\IRMUa UQ[\ZbIUQ VMOWKRIKRQ bIZbĊLbIVQI KbI[MU Kba XZIKa _ bM[XWTM =REDF]FLH MDN Z\JOãGD URN ] QDPL L F]HJR PRőHFLH VL÷ QDXF]\å G]LDğDMãF Z VDPRU]ãG]LH D WDNőH SURMHNWRZR 3$Ŏ'=,(51,.

MARZEC

: SDŏG]LHUQLNX ]RUJDQL]RZDOLijP\ V]NROHQLD GOD QRZ\FK VWXGHQWÐZ Z WUDNFLH NWÐU\FK GRZLDG\ZDOL VL÷ RQL PL÷G]\ LQQ\PL MDN Z\JOãGD VHVMD MDNLH VSUDZ\ PRőQD ]DğDWZLå Z G]LHNDQDFLH DOER GODF]HJR ZDUWR G]LDğDå Z RUJDQL]DFMDFK VWXGHQFNLFK

: PDUFX GR .UDNRZD SU]\MHFKDOL VWXGHQFL LQQ\FK XF]HOQL HNRQRPLF]Q\FK 3U]H] F]WHU\ GQL EUDOL RQL XG]LDğ Z V]NROHQLDFK ]ZLHG]DOL PLDVWR L LQWHJURZDOL VL÷ 7DN PÐJğ Z\JOãGDå W\ONR MHGHQ SURMHNW 0RVW\ (NRQRPLF]QH

LISTOPAD

: W\P URNX ijZL÷WRZDOLijP\ OHFLH LVWQLHQLD 6DPRU]ãGX QD QDV]HM 8F]HOQL = WHM RND]ML ]RUJDQL]RZDOLijP\ 8(.RZã HG\FM÷ -HGQHJR ] G]LHVL÷FLX Z NWÐUHM VWXGHQFL PLHOL RND]M÷ VSUDZG]Lå VZRMã ZLHG]÷ Z UÐőQ\FK WHPDWDFK : OLVWRSDG]LH UHDNW\ZRZDOLijP\ WHő SURMHNW Karta Starosty E\ SU]HND]Då VWDURVWRP QDMZDőQLHMV]H LQIRUPDFMH R SHğQLRQHM SU]H] QLFK IXQNFML

0DU]HF WR UÐZQLHő RILFMDOQ\ VWDUW ']LDğX .XOWXU\ 368(. NWÐU\ ]RUJDQL]RZDğ GOD ZDV Z W\P URNX PQÐVWZR NXOWXUDOQ\FK SUHOHNFML L ZDUV]WDWÐZ .:,(&,(Ġ

.ZLHFLHġ WR F]DV Z NWÐU\P UR]PDZLDOLijP\ R VW\SHQGLDFK : WUDNFLH GHEDW\ RNVIRUG]NLHM SUÐERZDOLijP\ RGSRZLHG]LHå QD S\WDQLH R WR NWÐUH VW\SHQGLD Vã ZDőQLHMV]H t PRW\ZDF\MQH F]\ Z\UÐZQXMãFH V]DQVH" :DV]H RSLQLH QD WHPDW SRPRF\ PDWHULDOQHM ]ELHUDOLijP\ WHő ]D SRPRFã HOHNWURQLF]Q\FK DQNLHW

*58'=,(Ġ

3RG NRQLHF URNX RFHQLDOLijFLH SUDF÷ VZRLFK G]LHNDQDWÐZ Z UDPDFK 3U]\MD]QHJR ']LHNDQDWX D WDNőH Z\ELHUDOLijFLH 0HQWRUÐZ 8(. 6WDWXHWNL Z SRV]F]HJÐOQ\FK NDWHJRULDFK RWU]\PDOL GU &]HVğDZD 3LODUVND Z NDWHJRULL 6XSHU 0HQWRU GU 3DZHğ 'UREQ\ Z NDWHJRULL $XWRU\WHW GU ĞXNDV] 'DQHO Z NDWHJRULL %UDWQLD 'XV]D GU 0DUHN %HQLR Z NDWHJRULL Innowator GU 0DFLHM *QHOD Z NDWHJRULL 8ijPLHFKQL÷W\ 3URZDG]ãF\ 3U]\MD]Q\P ']LHNDQDWHP SR UD] NROHMQ\ ]RVWDğ ']LHNDQDW :\G]LDğX 7RZDUR]QDZVWZD 67<&=(Ġ

-HV]F]H SU]HG UR]SRF]÷FLHP VHVML PRJOLijFLH ]DPLHQLå VL÷ QD FKZLO÷ URODPL ] SURZDG]ãF\PL L Z\VWDZLå LP RFHQ÷ ] SU]HGPLRWX t ZV]\VWNR WR ]D VSUDZã HOHNWURQLF]QHM DQNLHW\]DFML RGQRV]ãFHM VL÷ GR MDNRijFL ]DM÷å G\GDNW\F]Q\FK 7Xő SU]HG SLHUZV]\PL HJ]DPLQDPL VS÷G]LOLijFLH WHő G]LHġ QD 6QDSFKDFLH ] QDV]\P 5]HF]QLNLHP 3UDZ 6WXGHQWD NWÐU\ RSRZLDGDğ R F]\P ZDUWR SDPL÷WDå Z F]DVLH VHVML # SDUODPHQWBXHN

MAJ

fWR RF]\ZLijFLH -XZHQDOLD F]\OL .RQFHUW *ğÐZQ\ QD NDPSXVLH 8(. DOH WHő V]HUHJ PQLHMV]\FK Z\GDU]Hġ WDNLFK MDN =PDJDQLD :\G]LDğÐZ =Z\FL÷]Fã =PDJDġ Z W\P URNX RND]Dğ VL÷ :\G]LDğ 7RZDUR]QDZVWZD CZERWIEC

&]HUZLHF UR]SRF]÷OLijP\ %H]SLHF]Qã 8F]HOQLã NWÐUHM WHPDW\ND t WHUURU\]P t VNğRQLğD QDV GR UR]PÐZ R W\P MDN ]DFKRZDå VL÷ Z V\WXDFMDFK ]DJURőHQLD WHUURU\VW\F]QHJR MDN Z\JOãGD SURFHV UR]EUDMDQLD ERPE\ F]\ Z MDNL VSRVÐE EURQLå VL÷ SU]HG F\EHUWHUURU\]PHP -HV]F]H SU]HG ZDNDFMDPL UXV]DP\ WDNőH ] GZRPD GXő\PL SURMHNWDPL 3ODQHUHP 8(. i IJZLHŐDNLHP -HijOL FKFHFLH ]DDQJDőRZDå VL÷ Z UHDOL]DFM÷ W\FK OXE LQQ\FK SODQÐZ QDSLV]FLH GR QDV KU#SVXHN SO L GRğãF]FLH GR JURQD :RORQWDULXV]\ 368(.

LUTY

/XW\ WR SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP VHVMD : W\P F]DVLH VWDUDOLijP\ VL÷ SRGSRZLDGDå MDNLH SUDZD PDFLH MDNR VWXGHQFL L GR F]HJR MHVWHijFLH ]REOLJRZDQL :V]\VWNLH SUREOHP\ L ZãWSOLZRijFL PRJOLijFLH QDP ]JğDV]Då ]D SRijUHGQLFWZHP 3RJRWRZLD 6HV\MQHJR 50

UEK

Parlament Studencki Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie


studenci

3HUฤ D -XZHQDOLD 8(. SU]HV]ฤ \ GR KLVWRULL BIXIUQฤ \IUa \ฤ MLaKRฤ RISW ZMSWZLW_ฤ

0LHVLรฃF SR ]DNRฤกF]HQLX MXZHQDOLRZHJR V]DOHฤกVWZD F]DV QD ZVSRPQLHQLD ]ZLรฃ]DQH ] WHJRURF]Qรฃ HG\FMรฃ 3HUฤ D -XZHQDOLD 8(. 2017 UHNRUGRZH E\ฤ \ SRG ZLHORPD Z]JOรทGDPL Po raz pierwszy

_ PQ[\WZQQ L_QM [KMVa VI 3IUX][QM =-3 L_I ZIba _Qฤ KMR IZ\a[\{_ JQTM\a _aXZbMLIVM VI Lรฐ]OW XZbML 3WVKMZ\MU Q ZMSWZLW_I NZMS_MVKRI <W _[ba[\SW [XZI_QรฐW ฤตM 2]_MVITQI VI =-3 ] Jaรฐa RMLaVM _ [_WQU ZWLbIR]

J

XZHQDOLRZD NDUX]HOD UR]SRF]รทฤ D VLรท MXล NZLHWQLD NLHG\ WR PLDฤ \ PLHMVFH GZD Z\MรฃWNRZH Z\GDU]HQLD : NOXELH e.ZDGUDWr Z .UDNRZLH RGE\ฤ \ VLรท :\ERU\ 1DMPLOV]\FK 8(. D QD 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P ฤณZLรทWR ZV]\VWNLFK JUDF]\ t 8(. *DPLQJ 6WDJH 7H GZD SURMHNW\ -XZHQDOLRZH RG NLONX ODW FLHV]รฃ VLรท RJURPQ\P ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLHP : Z\SHฤ QLRQ\P SR EU]HJL e.ZDGUDFLHr XF]HVWQLNร Z VWXGHQWHN L VWXGHQWร Z ]DZDOF]\ฤ R R W\WXฤ 1DMPLOV]HM 6WXGHQWNL L 6XSHU 6WXGHQWD 8(. =Z\FLรท]FDPL RND]DOL VLรท $OHNVDQGUD .XOW\V L 3U]HPHN 6]RW 8F]HVWQLF\ PXVLHOL XSRUDรฅ VLรท ] ZLHORPD RU\JLQDOQ\PL ]DGDQLDPL D ODXUHDWร Z Z\ฤ RQLฤ R VSHFMDOQH -XU\ :LHF]ร U XฤณZLHWQLฤ \ NRQFHUW\ Pฤ RG\FK ZVFKRG]รฃF\FK UDSHUร Z t .DUWN\pHJR (PHVD 0LOLJDQD RUD] 5HWR .LOND JRG]LQ SU]HG Z\ERUDPL 1DMPLOV]\FK QD KDOL

VSRUWRZHM 8(. VZH UR]JU\ZNL WRF]\OL PLฤ RฤณQLF\ SU]HUร ล Q\FK SRSXODUQ\FK JLHU Z UDPDFK 8(. *DPLQJ 6WDJH : QDMEDUG]LHM ZLGRZLVNRZ\FK WXUQLHMDFK SRNHUD )LI\ L &6 *2 XG]LDฤ Z]Lรทฤ \ VHWNL XF]HVWQLNร Z (PRFMH E\ฤ \ QD QDMZ\ล V]\P SR]LRPLH D ZV]\VF\ NWร U]\ SRMDZLOL VLรท Zร ZF]DV QD KDOL Z\FKRG]LOL ] QLHM ]DFKZ\FHQL RUJDQL]DFMรฃ L SURIHVMRQDOL]PHP Z\GDU]HQLD 'ZD W\JRGQLH SU]HUZ\ L Z PDMD Z SRQLHG]LDฤ HN SRZUร W -XZHQDOLร Z 8(. &RURF]QH ฤณZLรทWR PRG\ QD 8(. X ]Qร Z XGRZRGQLฤ R ล H Fashion 1LJKW WR FRฤณ ZLรทFHM QLล SURMHNW VWXGHQFNL 1LHV]DEORQRZL SURMHNWDQFL SUDZG]LZD PRGRZD QLV]D VW\OLฤณFL PRGHONL L PRGHOH :\ELHJ Z +DOL Z\SHฤ QLRQHM SU]HUร ล Q\PL JRฤณรฅPL OฤณQLฤ Z EODVNX UHIOHNWRUร Z SU]\ DNRPSDQLDPHQFLH PX]\NL P LQ Pฤ RGHM XWDOHQWRZDQHM (ULWK

1LHFR ZF]HฤณQLHM QD %ฤ RQLDFK =DELHU]RZVNLFK PLDฤ PLHMVFH ELHJ RUJDQL]RZDQ\ Z UDPDFK ; WUHPDOLร Z 8(. t ; WUH 5XQ 3RQDG XF]HVWQLNร Z ]PLHU]\ฤ R VLรท Z SRW\F]FH ] SU]HV]NRGDPL L Zฤ DVQ\PL Vฤ DERฤณFLDPL ']LHฤก Sร ล QLHM PDMD E\OLฤณP\ ฤณZLDGNDPL GZร FK NROHMQ\FK Z\GDU]Hฤก 2G UDQD QD .DPSXVLH 8(. U]รฃG]Lฤ \ VSRUW\ QLH W\ONR WH HNVWUHPDOQH .ROHMQD HG\FMD ; WUHPDOLร Z XGRZRGQLฤ D ล H EH] SUREOHPX PRล QD ฤ รฃF]\รฅ SDVMรท GR ฤณFLDQNL ZVSLQDF]NRZHM VSRUWร Z ZDONL &URVVILWX F]\ SLฤ NL QRล QHM QD KDOL $ ZLHF]RUHP MHG\Q\ Z VZRLP URG]DMX 3U]HJOรฃG .DSHO 5RFNRZ\FK 8(. 3RQRZQLH VSRWNDOLฤณP\ VLรท Z NOXELH .ZDGUDW JG]LH SLรทรฅ ILQDฤ RZ\FK ]HVSRฤ ร Z $WRP +HDUW %XUQLQ :KLVWOH 'LQRVDXUV $UH 'HDG (J]RW\F]Q\ 'DQG\V 3DU\VNLFK %XOZDUร Z RUD] 5DGLRVODP SUร ERZDฤ R SU]HNRQDรฅ GR VLHELH -XU\ L ]DZDOF]\ฤ R R QDJURGรท Jฤ ร ZQรฃ F]\OL P LQ VHVMรท 51


studenci

QDJUDQLRZรฃ Z VWXGLR Z\GDQLH Zฤ DVQHM Sฤ \W\ D WDNล H Z\VWรทS QD .RQFHUFLH *ฤ ร ZQ\P 3HUฤ D -XZHQDOLร Z 8(. =Z\FLรทล \ฤ ]HVSร ฤ 5DGLRVODP D ]DUD] SR RJฤ RV]HQLX Z\QLNร Z SXEOLF]QRฤณรฅ GRF]HNDฤ D VLรท Z\VWรทSร Z JZLD]G Jฤ ร ZQ\FK 3LRWUD =LRฤ \ L 7KH $QDORJV ']LHฤก SU]HG .RQFHUWHP *ฤ ร ZQ\P QD UR]JU]HZNรท SR UD] SLHUZV]\ Z KLVWRULL QLH F]WHU\ D SLรทรฅ Z\G]LDฤ ร Z ]PLHU]\ฤ R VLรท Z =PDJDQLDFK :\G]LDฤ ร Z UEK 1LHSRG]LHOQLH U]รฃG]Lฤ Z\G]LDฤ 7RZDUR]QDZVWZD L MXล GUXJL URN ] U]รทGX Z\ZDOF]\ฤ W\WXฤ PLVWU]RZVNL :LHONL SXFKDU ] UรฃN 3URUHNWRUD GV .V]WDฤ FHQLD L 6WXGHQWร Z SURI GU KDE .U]\V]WRID 6XUร ZNL RGHEUDOL UHSUH]HQWDQFL Z\G]LDฤ X QD VFHQLH .RQFHUWX *ฤ ร ZQHJR :LHF]RUHP PDMD F]\P E\ฤ \E\ -XZHQDOLD EH] Nocy Kinowej" = SHZQRฤณFLรฃ QLH W\P VDP\P F]\P Vรฃ RG ZLHOX ODW $ RG ZLHOX ODW Noc Kinowa SRND]XMH ล H ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLH ILOPHP ZฤณUร G VWXGHQWร Z MHVW RJURPQH 1D HNUDQLH SU]\ EODVNX NVLรทล \FD Z\ฤณZLHWORQR 0DGDJDVNDU L 7KH 5LQJ =Zฤ DV]F]D GUXJL W\WXฤ SU]\SUDZLฤ R GUHV]F]H ]QDF]Qรฃ U]HV]รท ZLG]ร Z .RPSOHW SXEOLF]QRฤณFL XVDGRZLRQHM QD NRFDFK OHล DNDFK 52


studenci NU]HVHฤ NDFK VWZRU]\ฤ FRURF]Q\ QLHSRZWDU]DOQ\ NOLPDW ILOPRZHJR SLNQLNX SRG JRฤ \P QLHEHP 1D G]LHฤก PDMD URNX RF]HNLZDฤ R ZLHOX IDQร Z QDMOHSV]HM PX]\NL %LOHW\ Z\SU]HGDฤ \ VLรท Z UHNRUGRZ\P WHPSLH L QD GZD W\JRGQLH SU]HG .RQFHUWHP QLH E\ฤ R MXล ZHMฤณFLร ZHN ]DUร ZQR Z VSU]HGDล \ LQWHUQHWRZHM D WDNล H Z VSU]HGDล \ VWDFMRQDUQHM 1D ZLHฤณรฅ R Z\VWรทSLH KHDGOLQHUD WHJRURF]QHM HG\FML t /RVW )UHTXHQFLHV OXG]LH EDUG]R ]DELHJDOL R PRล OLZRฤณรฅ XF]HVWQLF]HQLD Z Z\GDU]HQLX 1LH]Z\NOH SR]\W\ZQ\ RGELร U ]DJZDUDQWRZDฤ D GUXJD VFHQD UDS t 6FHQD 3HUฤ D ([SRUW .RQFHUW\ =HXVD 4XHERQDILGH L 3DOXFKD ]JURPDG]Lฤ \ Wฤ XP\ Z QDPLRFLH L SU]HG QLP 1D Jฤ ร ZQHM VFHQLH SR NRQFHUFLH ]Z\FLรท]Fร Z 3.5 ]HVSRฤ X 5DGLRVODP NROHMQR SR VRELH Z\VWรฃSLOL %RYVND 7KH 'XPSOLQJV 7RP 6ZRRQ L /RVW )UHTXHQFLHV 3RGF]DV NRQFHUWร Z 7RPD 6ZRRQD L /) SXEOLF]QRฤณรฅ VLรทJDฤ D Dล GR EUDP\ Jฤ ร ZQHM .DPSXVX 8(. =DLQWHUHVRZDQLH E\ฤ R RJURPQH D Jฤ RV\ R GRVNRQDฤ HM DWPRVIHU]H MDN L R EDUG]R Z\VRNLP SR]LRPLH WHJRURF]Q\FK NRQFHUWร Z SRMDZLDฤ \ VLรท QD NDล G\P NURNX -DNR 2UJDQL]DWRU]\ WHJRURF]Q\FK -XZHQDOLร Z 8(. MHV]F]H UD] G]LรทNXMHP\ :DP ZV]\VWNLP ]D REHFQRฤณรฅ L OLF]\P\ QD SRZWร UNรท ]D URN 7R G]LรทNL :DP QDV]H -XZHQDOLD Vรฃ WDN Z\MรฃWNRZH 'R ]REDF]HQLD Z PDMX URNX 3DUODPHQW 6WXGHQFNL 8(. IRW &0$ <RXU (YHQW 3DUWQHU $OHNVDQGHU /DFKRZLF] O\NRJUDILD SO 368(.

53


studenci

ล XUDZL

IRW 6WRZDU]\V]HQLH .2/,%(5

[XMรฐVQI UIZbMVQI e6WRZDU]\V]HQLH QD U]HF] G]LHFL ] FKRUREรฃ QRZRWZRURZรฃ .2/,%(5r R]ฤต SWTMRVa ZWS XZW_ILbQ bIRฤ KQI b LbQMฤ UQ VI 7LLbQITM 7VSWTWOQQ

Q 0MUI\WTWOQQ ,bQMKQฤ KMR _ =VQ_MZ[a\MKSQU ;bXQ\IT] ,bQMKQฤ KaU _ 3ZISW_QM

W

VRERW\ NLHG\ F]DV Gฤ Xล \ VLรท EDUG]LHM QLล Z LQQH GQL SU]\FKRG]LP\ ] QDV]\PL ZRORQWDULXV]DPL VWXGHQWDPL NUDNRZVNLFK XF]HOQL DE\ Z\SHฤ QLรฅ LP WH Gฤ XJLH JRG]LQ\ L ZSURZDG]Lรฅ WURFKรท UDGRฤณFL Z F]DVLH WDN WUXGQ\P GOD QDV]\FK PDฤ \FK SRGRSLHF]Q\FK 5\VXMHP\ PDOXMHP\ URELP\ R]GREQH SXGHฤ ND QD GURELD]JL =Z\Nฤ \P NDP\NRP SU]H] NRORU QDGDMHP\ PDJLF]Qรฃ PRF D ] SRPSRQLNร Z NRORURZ\FK ZVWรฃล HN L SDSLHUX SRZVWDMรฃ QLH]Z\Nฤ H REUD]\ &RG]LHQQRฤณรฅ V]SLWDOQD PLPR NRORURZ\FK ฤณFLDQ MHVW V]DUD GODWHJR PDOL SRGRSLHF]QL

54

FKรทWQLH VLรทJDMรฃ SR WR FR NRORURZH Eฤ \V]F]รฃFH FR WHM V]DURฤณFL QDGDMH EDUZ 2GG]LDฤ 2QNRORJLL ']LHFLรทFHM WR PLHMVFH JG]LH ZEUHZ VWHUHRW\SRP MHVW ล \FLH &]DVDPL WUXGQH QD]QDF]RQH FKRUREรฃ DOH ล \FLH &KRURED L OHF]HQLH WR WUXGQ\ DOH W\ONR MHGHQ z HWDSร Z Z LFK ล \FLX 7H G]LHFL Vรฃ WDNLH VDPH MDN LFK Uร ZLHฤณQLF\ 0DMรฃ VZRMH UDGRฤณFL SODQ\ PDU]HQLD SDVMH &KFHP\ VSUDZLรฅ DE\ QLH E\ฤ WR F]DV MDฤ RZ\ 3RGF]DV QDV]\FK ]DMรทรฅ XMDZQLฤ VLรท WDOHQW .DUROLQ\ 3R UD] SLHUZV]\

VLรทJQรทฤ D SR IDUE\ L SรทG]OH OHล รฃF Z L]RODWFH QD RGG]LDOH 1LJG\ ZF]HฤณQLHM QLH PDORZDฤ D 3RZVWDฤ \ SUDFH NWร UH ]DFKZ\FLฤ \ ZLHOH RVร E -HVW WHล 3DXOLQD ] IHQRPHQDOQ\P WDOHQWHP GR U\VRZDQLD NRPLNVร Z :LNWRULD NWร UD SRWUDIL VSUDZLรฅ ล H ] QDM]Z\NOHMV]\FK PDWHULDฤ ร Z Z\FKRG]รฃ SLรทNQH U]HF]\ /HF]HQLH WUZD ZLHOH PLHVLรทF\ F]DVDPL ODW : RGHUZDQLX RG Uร ZLHฤณQLNร Z ] RJUDQLF]HQLDPL &KFHP\ DE\ PLPR W\FK RJUDQLF]Hฤก PRJOL UHDOL]RZDรฅ VZRMH SDVMH UR]ZLMDรฅ ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD QDE\ZDรฅ QRZH XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL


studenci $E\ PRJฤ \ ZUร FLรฅ GR QRUPDOQHJR ล \FLD SHฤ QL ZLDU\ ZH Zฤ DVQH PRล OLZRฤณFL FKรทFL GR ล \FLD EH] OรทNX L REDZ RUJDQL]XMHP\ ZVSDUFLH SV\FKRORJLF]QH : W\P URNX SR UD] SLHUZV]\ SODQXMHP\ Z\MD]G WHUDSHXW\F]Q\ GOD JUXS\ G]LHFL SR ]DNRฤกF]HQLX OHF]HQLD %รทG]LH WR F]DV NLHG\ QDXF]รฃ VLรท UDG]Lรฅ VRELH ]H VWUHVHP SRPRล HP\ LP XZLHU]\รฅ w VLHELH 7R ZDล QH DE\ ]GURZH ล \FLH R NWร UH G]LHOQLH ZDOF]\ฤ \ E\ฤ R MDN QDMOHSV]H L PRJฤ \ NRU]\VWDรฅ ] QLHJR MDN LFK ]GURZL Uร ZLHฤณQLF\

IRW 6WRZDU]\V]HQLH .2/,%(5

:VSร OQLH ] .Rฤ HP 1DXNRZ\P *$3 QD WHUHQLH 8(. ]RUJDQL]RZDQD ]RVWDฤ D DNFMD ]ELHUDQLD ฤณURGNร Z QD WHQ Z\MD]G 5D]HP SRVWDUDP\ VLรท VSHฤ QLรฅ PDU]HQLH SLHUZV]HM JUXS\ G]LHFL t Z\MD]G Z Jร U\ SR VLฤ รท L HQHUJLรท QD QRZH ล \FLH 6\PEROHP VSHฤ QLDQLD PDU]Hฤก t ZJ MDSRฤกVNLHM OHJHQG\ Vรฃ ล XUDZLH RULJDPL GODWHJR Dล SWDNร Z ]DZLVฤ R QD GU]HZLH SU]\ %XGXQNX *ฤ ร ZQ\P 8(. /LF]\P\ QD WR ล H MHVW WR SLHUZV]D DOH QLH RVWDWQLD ZVSร OQD DNFMD

-RODQWD 0DURฤก &HQWUXP -รท]\NRZH 8(. Danuta Gilarska

55


studenci 3UHOHJHQFL ] GUXJLHJR GQLD NRQIHUHQFML ZUD] ] RUJDQL]DWRUDPL IRW (PLOLD 6NXEHO

1DU]รทG]LD $QDOLW\F]QH w Naukach Ekonomicznych >1 7O{TVWXWT[SI 3WVNMZMVKRI 6I]SW_I ? LVQIKP S_QM\VQI ZWS] VI \MZMVQM SIUX][] =VQ_MZ[a\M\] -SWVWUQKbVMOW _ 3ZISW_QM WLJaรฐI [Qฤ >1 7O{TVWXWT[SI 3WVNMZMVKRI 6I]SW_I 1DU]รทG]LD $QDOLW\F]QH Z 1DXNDFK (NRQRPLF]Q\FK

WZOIVQbW_IVI XZbMb 3WรฐW 6I]SW_M )VITQba ,IVaKP 56

W

\GDU]HQLH VNฤ DGDฤ R VLรท ] GZร FK EORNร Z WHPDW\F]Q\FK 3LHUZV]\ ] QLFK R QD]ZLH 0HWRG\ LORฤณFLRZH Z HNRQRPLL ]DLQDXJXURZDฤ Z\Nฤ DG ]DVWรทSF\ SU]HZRGQLF]รฃFHJR .RPLWHWX 6WDW\VW\NL L (NRQRPHWULL 3ROVNLHM $NDGHPLL 1DXN 3URIHVRUD GU KDE -DFND 2VLHZDOVNLHJR SW Mierniki NRU]\ฤณFL VSHFMDOL]DFML OXE SHฤ QHJR ]DNUHVX SURGXNFML 1DVWรทSQLH RGE\ฤ D VLรท SUH]HQWDFMD MHGQHJR ]H VSRQVRUร Z NRQIHUHQFML ILUP\ 6WDWH 6WUHHW %DQN 3ROVND SRGF]DV NWร UHM SUDFRZQLF\ G]LDฤ X 6WDWH 6WUHHW *OREDO ([FKDQJH SU]\EOLล \OL VZRMรฃ G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ RUD] Z\Jฤ RVLOL Z\Nฤ DG SW ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI %ODFN 6FKROHV 0RGHO LQ 4XDQWLWDWLYH 5LVN IRU (TXLW\ 2SWLRQV 3R NUร WNLHM

SU]HUZLH QDGV]HGฤ F]DV QD VHVMรท UHIHUDWRZรฃ Z NWร UHM VWXGHQFL RUD] GRNWRUDQFL SUH]HQWRZDOL VZRMH SUDFH 'UXJL G]LHฤก NRQIHUHQFML E\ฤ SRฤณZLรทFRQ\ NROHMQHPX EORNRZL WHPDW\F]QHPX R QD]ZLH =DVWRVRZDQLH QDU]รทG]L DQDOLW\F]Q\FK Z ]DU]รฃG]DQLX 5R]SRF]รฃฤ JR F]ฤ RQHN .UDMRZHM 5DG\ *ฤ ร ZQHM 3ROVNLHJR 7RZDU]\VWZD 6WDW\VW\F]QHJR RUD] .UDMRZHJR .RPLWHWX 6WDW\VW\NL L (NRQRPHWULL 3ROVNLHM $NDGHPLL 1DXN 3URIHVRU GU KDE -ร ]HI 3RFLHFKD Z\Nฤ DGHP SW :VSร ฤ F]HVQH WHQGHQFMH ]PLDQ PHWRGRORJLL EDGDฤก HNRQRPLF]Q\FK 3RGREQLH MDN SLHUZV]HJR GQLD NROHMQ\ Z\Nฤ DG ]RVWDฤ Z\Jฤ RV]RQ\ SU]H] MHGQHJR ]H


: WUDNFLH ]DUร ZQR SLHUZV]HJR MDN L GUXJLHJR GQLD NRQIHUHQFML ]JURPDG]RQD QD VDOL SXEOLF]QRฤณรฅ PRJฤ D ]DGDZDรฅ SUHOHJHQWRP S\WDQLD GRW\F]รฃFH LFK SUDF RUD] Jฤ RVRZDรฅ Z NRQNXUVLH QD QDMOHSV]\ UHIHUDW 7HPDW\ SUHOHNFML E\ฤ \

EDUG]R XUR]PDLFRQH L FLHNDZH PRล QD E\ฤ R XVฤ \V]Hรฅ P LQ R W\P MDN ]D SRPRFรฃ DQDOLW\F]Q\FK QDU]รทG]L GD VLรท RSW\PDOQLH UR]ORNRZDรฅ XFKRGล Fร Z QD WHUHQLH 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM SR]QDรฅ ]DOHW\ LQZHVWRZDQLD Z ZLQR F]\ IXQGXV]H DNF\MQH =ZLHฤกF]HQLHP Z\GDU]HQLD EรทG]LH SXEOLNDFMD PRQRJUDILL SRNRQIHUHQF\MQHM Z NWร UHM XF]HVWQLF\ EรทGรฃ PRJOL RSXEOLNRZDรฅ VZร M DUW\NXฤ 3DWURQDW +RQRURZ\ QDG 9, 2Jร OQRSROVNรฃ .RQIHUHQFMรฃ 1DXNRZรฃ 1DU]รทG]LD $QDOLW\F]QH Z 1DXNDFK (NRQRPLF]Q\FK REMรทฤ R V]Hฤณรฅ LQVW\WXFML -0 5HNWRU 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 3ROVNLH 7RZDU]\VWZR 6WDW\VW\F]QH 3ROVND $NDGHPLD 1DXN 0LQLVWHUVWZR )LQDQVร Z 0LQLVWHU 1DXNL L 6]NROQLFWZD :\ล V]HJR RUD] .RPLVMD 1DG]RUX )LQDQVRZHJR 3DWURQDW PHGLDOQ\

QDG NRQIHUHQFMรฃ VSUDZRZDฤ \ SRUWDOH LQWHUQHWRZH NDULHUDZILQDQVDFK SO GODVWXGHQWD SO SURVWDHNRQRPLD SO RUD] NZDUWDOQLN 352),7 -2851$/

studenci

VSRQVRUร Z NRQIHUHQFML W\P UD]HP E\ฤ D WR ILUPD 0F.LQVH\ &RPSDQ\ -HM SUDFRZQLF\ SU]\MHFKDOL GR QDV Dล ] :URFฤ DZLD L Z UDPDFK Z\Nฤ DGX SW $QDO\WLFV UHYROXWLRQ KRZ ELJ GDWD DQG DQDO\WLFV LV FUHDWLQJ EXVLQHVV YDOXH t WUXH VWRULHV IURP McKinsey SU]HGVWDZLOL QD SU]\Nฤ DG]LH FDVH VWXG\ ]DVWRVRZDQLH QDU]รทG]L PDWHPDW\F]Q\FK L DQDOLW\F]Q\FK GR UR]ZLรฃ]DQLD NRQNUHWQHJR SUREOHPX GHF\]\MQHJR RSLVDOL Uร ZQLHล Z VNUร FLH SU]HELHJ SURFHVX UHNUXWDF\MQHJR Z VZRMHM ILUPLH : W\P GQLX Uร ZQLHล RGE\ZDฤ \ VLรท NROHMQH SUH]HQWDFMH UHIHUDWร Z

.RQIHUHQFMD QLH PRJฤ DE\ VLรท RGE\รฅ EH] ZVSDUFLD ILQDQVRZHJR Jฤ ร ZQ\FK VSRQVRUร Z 6WDWH 6WUHHW %DQN 3ROVND L 0F.LQVH\ &RPSDQ\ RUD] 3DUODPHQWX 6WXGHQFNLHJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 3RPRF\ U]HF]RZHM XG]LHOLฤ \ WDNล H Z\GDZQLFWZD 3:1 L & + %(&. : W\P PLHMVFX FKFLHOLE\ฤณP\ VHUGHF]QLH SRG]LรทNRZDรฅ ZV]\VWNLP RVRERP L LQVW\WXFMRP NWร UH SU]\F]\QLฤ \ VLรท GR RUJDQL]DFML L UHDOL]DFML WHJR Z\GDU]HQLD

Dominik Berestecki .RRUG\QDWRU NRQIHUHQFML 1$:1(

:\Nฤ DG ILUP\ 0FNLQVH\ &RPSDQ\ IRW (PLOLD 6NXEHO

57


studenci

=$3(/ WL bIXTMKbI ? W[\I\VQ UIRW_a Kb_IZ\MS Z RISW [\]LMVKQ ?aLbQIรฐ] BIZbฤ LbIVQI [XMKRITVWฤฌKQ BIZbฤ LbIVQM BI[WJIUQ 4]LbSQUQ WL_QMLbQTQฤฌUa XZbML[Qฤ JQWZ[\_W B)8-4 bTWSITQbW_IVM _ UQMR[KW_WฤฌKQ *WO]KP_IรฐI _ _WRM_{Lb\_QM XWLSIZXIKSQU : WRZDU]\VWZLH GU 7RPDV]D .XVLR L GU 3LRWUD =DMรฃFD SUDFRZQLNร Z .DWHGU\ =DU]รฃG]DQLD =DVREDPL 3UDF\ SR]QDZDOLฤณP\ V]F]HJร ฤ \ IXQNFMRQRZDQLD VSร ฤ NL RSDUWHM QD ILQDQVRZHM SDUW\F\SDFML SUDFRZQLF]HM

M

LPR ล H %RJXFKZDฤ D MHVW QLHZLHONLP PLDVWHF]NLHP OLF]รฃF\P ]DOHGZLH PLHV]NDฤกFร Z WR ]DSHZQH PD VLรท F]\P SRFKZDOLรฅ 3R]D ]DE\WNRZ\P NRฤณFLRฤ HP L SDฤ DFHP ] ODW GZXG]LHVW\FK ;9,,, ZLHNX PD Z VZRMรฃ KLVWRULรท L NUDMREUD] ZSLVDQH MHGQR ] QDMLVWRWQLHMV]\FK SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ Z NUDMX t =3( =$3(/ 6 $ 7D Z\MรฃWNRZD SRG

58

ZLHORPD Z]JOรทGDPL ILUPD SRZVWDฤ D MXล Z URNX L RG WDPWHM SRU\ QLHXVWDMรฃFR VLรท UR]ZLMD =$3(/ MHVW QDMZLรทNV]\P Z 3ROVFH SURGXFHQWHP L]RODWRUร Z SRUFHODQRZ\FK L NRPSR]\WRZ\FK 2IHUXMH V]HURNL DVRUW\PHQW Z\UREร Z REHMPXMรฃF\ L]RODWRU\ OLQLRZH VWRMรฃFH L ZLV]รฃFH VWDF\MQH ZVSRUF]H L SU]HSXVWRZH RUD] DSDUDWRZH ZVSRUF]H SU]HSXVWRZH L RVฤ RQRZH

:L]\Wรท Z SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZLH UR]SRF]รทOLฤณP\ RG VSRWNDQLD Z MHGQHM ] VDO NRQIHUHQF\MQ\FK ILUP\ 7DP VSHFMDOLVWD GV PDUNHWLQJX L VSU]HGDล \ 3DQ $UWXU %LHQLHN ]DSR]QDฤ QDV SRNUร WFH ] KLVWRULรฃ SRZVWDQLD VSร ฤ NL FHODPL VWUDWHJLF]Q\PL L PLVMรฃ SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZD =DSUH]HQWRZDฤ QDP Uร ZQLHล QRUP\ L Z\PRJL GRW\F]รฃFH WZRU]HQLD L]RODWRUร Z .X QDV]HPX


1DVWรทSQLH '\UHNWRU GV 3URGXNFML t 3DQ :LHVฤ DZ &KOLSDฤ D SU]\EOLล \ฤ QDP VWUXNWXU\ RUJDQL]DF\MQH =DNฤ DGX 3RUFHODQ\ (OHNWURWHFKQLF]QHM -HJR Z\MรฃWNRZRฤณรฅ SROHJD QD ]DVWRVRZDQLX WUXGQHM Z SUDNW\FH ILQDQVRZHM SDUW\F\SDFML SUDFRZQLF]HM 0LDQRZLFLH ZV]\VWNLH DNFMH =$3(/X Vรฃ Zฤ DVQRฤณFLรฃ SUDFRZQLNร Z .LHG\ ]DNฤ DG SU]HNV]WDฤ FDฤ VLรท Z VSร ฤ Nรท DNF\MQรฃ NDล G\ ] SUDFRZQLNร Z PLDฤ PRล OLZRฤณรฅ Z\NXSX ZLรทNV]HM OXE PQLHMV]HM LORฤณFL DNFML :\GDZDรฅ E\ VLรท PRJฤ R ล H ]DU]รฃG]DQLH WDNรฃ IRUPรฃ VSร ฤ NL MHVW QLHPRล OLZH D MHGQDN MDN VLรท SU]HNRQDOLฤณP\ ZV]\VWNLFK DNFMRQDULXV]\ SUDFRZQLNร Z L ]DU]รฃG ฤ รฃF]\ ZVSร OQ\ FHO t FKรทรฅ VWDฤ HJR XGRVNRQDODQLD Z\UREร Z DE\ VSURVWDรฅ Z\PDJDQLRP NOLHQWร Z Z ]DNUHVLH MDNRฤณFL QLH]DZRGQRฤณFL RUD] LQQRZDF\MQRฤณFL SURGXNRZDQ\FK L]RODWRUร Z .ROHMQ\P HWDSHP Z\FLHF]NL E\ฤ R ]ZLHG]DQLH IDEU\N L KDO

SURGXNF\MQ\FK 7DP UD]HP ] 3DQLรฃ 7HFKQRORJ t ,ZRQรฃ ,QG\FNรฃ SU]\JOรฃGDOLฤณP\ VLรท NROHMQ\P HWDSRP SRZVWDZDQLD L]RODWRUร Z -DN VLรท RND]Dฤ R =$3(/ WR MHGHQ ] W\FK ]DNฤ DGร Z Z NWร U\FK SUDFD RGE\ZD VLรท SU]H] FDฤ D GREรท L VLHGHP GQL Z W\JRGQLX ,]RODWRU\ SRZVWDMรฃ ] GHOLNDWQHJR PDWHULDฤ X GODWHJR WDN ZDล QH MHVW ]DEH]SLHF]HQLH JR QD NDล G\P HWDSLH SURGXNFML 2EVHUZRZDOLฤณP\ Z MDNL VSRVร E WZRU]\ VLรท RVฤ RQ\ GR Z\ฤ รฃF]QLNร Z SU]HNฤ DGQLNร Z QDSLรทFLRZ\FK L SUรฃGRZ\FK G]LHOQLNร Z QDSLรทFLD L NRQGHQVDWRUร Z =$3(/ ED]XMรฃF QD SRQDG VLHGHPG]LHVLรทFLROHWQLHM WUDG\FML GRฤณZLDGF]RQHM NDGU]H L QRZRF]HVQHM WHFKQRORJLL VWDOH UR]ZLMD SURGXNRZDQ\ DVRUW\PHQW

studenci

]G]LZLHQLX RND]Dฤ R VLรท ล H IDEU\ND Z %RJXFKZDOH SURGXNXMH MHGQH ] QDMOHSV]\FK L]RODWRUร Z QLH W\ONR GOD 3ROVNL DOH ZฤณUร G QDMZLรทNV]\FK RGELRUFร Z Z\PLHQLรฅ PRล QD FKRรฅE\ SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZD ]H 6]ZHFML 1LHPLHF F]\ +LV]SDQLL

: GURG]H SRZURWQHM GREUH KXPRU\ QDV QLH RSXV]F]Dฤ \ D FDฤ D JUXSD E\ฤ D SRG ZUDล HQLHP RUJDQL]DFML SUDF\ Z SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZLH ]DU]รฃG]DQLD MDN L VDP\FK Z\UREร Z ล \F]\P\ NROHMQ\P JUXSRP VWXGHQWร Z DE\ SRGREQLH MDN P\ PLHOL PRล OLZRฤณรฅ Z]ERJDFDQLD WHRULL SRSU]H] WDNLH ZL]\W\ VWXG\MQH MDN WH Z NWร UHM P\ PLHOLฤณP\ RND]Mรท XF]HVWQLF]\รฅ Justyna Burnetko ,,, URN ==/ :\G]LDฤ =DU]รฃG]DQLD

59


studenci

8ZbMXQ[ VI []SKM[

z ESN UEK 8Wรฐฤ KbMVQM _QMT] WLUQMVVaKP Kbฤ ฤฌKQ _ QUXWV]Rฤ Kฤ KIรฐWฤฌฤ _aLIRM [Qฤ VQMZMITVM :{_VQM \Z]LVaU bILIVQMU RM[\ W[bTQNW_IVQM LQIUMV\] RISQ SIฤตLa b VI[ XW[QILI ยง \ITMV\] -Hล HOL FKFHV] E\รฅ ฤณZLDGNLHP SRฤ รฃF]HQLD W\FK GZร FK IHQRPHQร Z L GRNRQDQLD QLHPRล OLZHJR SR]QDM (UDVPXV 6WXGHQW 1HWZRUN 8(.

S

HNFMD (61 G]LDฤ DMรฃFD SU]\ 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .UDNRZLH SRZVWDฤ D DE\ SRPDJDรฅ Pฤ RG\P OXG]LRP NRU]\VWDMรฃF\P ] SURJUDPร Z Z\PLDQ PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK GEDรฅ R LFK LQWHJUDFMรท RUD] Xฤ DWZLรฅ LP DGDSWDFMรท Z QRZ\P ฤณURGRZLVNX : P\ฤณO PRWWD 6WXGHQWV KHOSLQJ VWXGHQWV RUJDQL]DFMD IXQNFMRQXMH ] P\ฤณOรฃ R LQQ\FK

60

VWXGHQWDFK t G]LรทNL QLP L GOD QLFK -HM F]ฤ RQNRZLH ZLHG]รฃ MHGQDN ล H SRSU]H] ]DDQJDล RZDQLH Z Uร ล QH SURMHNW\ PRJรฃ F]HUSDรฅ WDNล H NRU]\ฤณFL GOD VLHELH D ]GRE\WH Z WHQ VSRVร E QRZH XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL L GRฤณZLDGF]HQLH ]DSURFHQWXMรฃ Z LFK SU]\V]ฤ RฤณFL 3UDFD VHNFML RSLHUD VLรท QD VWUXNWXU]H JUXS URERF]\FK NWร UH UHDOL]XMรฃ

NRQNUHWQH ]DGDQLD 6]HURNL ZDFKODU] W\FK MHGQRVWHN VSUDZLD ล H NDล G\ PRล H ]QDOHล รฅ GOD VLHELH WR F]\P MHVW ]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\ 5ร ล QRURGQRฤณรฅ G]LDฤ Dฤก NWร UH PRล QD UHDOL]RZDรฅ GDMH PRล OLZRฤณรฅ SR]QDZDQLD ZVSDQLDฤ \FK OXG]L QDZLรฃ]\ZDQLD NRQWDNWร Z PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK RUD] QDE\ZDQLD QRZ\FK XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL L GRฤณZLDGF]Hฤก 3UDFD SU]\ SURMHNWDFK


,GHรฃ SU]\ฤณZLHFDMรฃFรฃ ]DJUDQLF]Q\P VWXGHQWRP MHVW PDNV\PD Jฤ RV]รฃFD Lล SRGUร ล H NV]WDฤ Fรฃ : P\ฤณO WHM ]DVDG\ JUXS\ 7UDYHO .XOWXUD RUD] 7RXU GH .UDNร Z VWDUDMรฃ VLรท ]RUJDQL]RZDรฅ F]DV ZROQ\ (UDVPXVRP SRSU]H] ]DELHUDQLH LFK QD Z\FLHF]NL ]DJUDQLF]QH RUD] QD WDNLH NWร UH PDMรฃ QD FHOX SURPRZDQLH SROVNLHM NXOWXU\ L WUDG\FML :\QLNLHP WHJR Vรฃ SU]\Nฤ DGRZR Z\MฤณFLD GR )DEU\NL 6FKLQGOHUD )LOKDUPRQLL F]\ Z\MD]G QDG 0RU]H %Dฤ W\FNLH ,QQ\P URG]DMHP Z\GDU]Hฤก ]DMPXMH VLรท 6RFLDO NWร U\ RUJDQL]XMH DNFMH PDMรฃFH QD FHOX GREUR VSRฤ HF]QH WDNLH MDN P LQ ']LHฤก 'DZF\ SRGF]DV NWร UHJR SURZDG]RQR UHMHVWUDFMรท SRWHQFMDOQ\FK GDZFร Z V]SLNX F]\ (UDVPXV )RUHVW t SRZV]HFKQHM PRELOL]DFML GR VDG]HQLD GU]HZ = NROHL JUXSLH ([FKDQJH$ELOLW\ SU]\ฤณZLHFD V]F]\WQ\ FHO Xฤ DWZLDQLD RVRERP QLHSHฤ QRVSUDZQ\P Z\MD]GX RUD] SRE\WX QD Z\PLDQDFK PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK :V]\VF\ ZRORQWDULXV]H R ZLHONLFK VHUFDFK SR]D G]LDฤ DQLHP QD U]HF] SRSUDZ\ V\WXDFML RVร E NWร UH FKFรฃ VNRU]\VWDรฅ ] SURJUDPX Z\PLDQ\ SRSUDZLDMรฃ WDNล H ฤณZLDGRPRฤณรฅ VWXGHQWร Z ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK R SUREOHPDFK ] NWร U\PL PXV]รฃ VLรท RQL ]PDJDรฅ Z ล \FLX FRG]LHQQ\P 8Z]JOรทGQLDMรฃF

UHNUHDF\MQรฃ L UR]U\ZNRZรฃ VWURQรท SRE\WX QD (UDVPXVLH (61 8(. SRZRฤ Dฤ GR ล \FLD WDNล H VHNFMH 3DUW\ L 6SRUW NWร UH UHDOL]XMรฃ VZRMH ]DGDQLD SRSU]H] RUJDQL]RZDQLH V]HUHJX LPSUH] RUD] UR]JU\ZHN VSRUWRZ\FK 1DWRPLDVW GOD W\FK NWร U]\ FKFรฃ ]GRE\รฅ GRฤณZLDGF]HQLH EL]QHVRZH GRVNRQDฤ รฃ RSFMรฃ Vรฃ JUXS\ )5 RUD] (61FDUG :V]\VF\ ] ]DFLรทFLHP PDUNHWLQJRZ\P PRJรฃ UHDOL]RZDรฅ VLรท Z JUXSDFK 35 5HGDNFMD *UDILND RUD] )LOP L )RWRJUDILD (61 8(. UHDOL]XMH WHล V]HUHJ SURMHNWร Z VNLHURZDQ\FK ]DUร ZQR GR VWXGHQWร Z ORNDOQ\FK MDN L ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK WDNLFK MDN P LQ 7DQGHP t F\NO VSRWNDฤก Mรท]\NRZ\FK 0HQWRU t PDMรฃF\ QD FHOX Xฤ DWZLHQLH DGDSWDFML VWXGHQWร Z ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK Z .UDNRZLH D WDNล H RUJDQL]RZDQH LPSUH]\ SRZLWDOQH L SRล HJQDOQH t 2ULHQWDWLRQ :HHN ,QWHJUDWLRQ &DPS RUD] )DUHZHOO &]ฤ RQNRZLH VHNFML PDMรฃ WDNล H RND]Mรท ล HE\ ZVSร ฤ RUJDQL]RZDรฅ -XZHQDOLD 8(. JG]LH RSUร F] SRPRF\ SU]\ .RQFHUFLH *ฤ ร ZQ\P NRRUG\QDWRU Z\EUDQ\ VSRฤณUร G F]ฤ RQNร Z RUJDQL]DFML WZRU]\ QLH]Z\Nฤ \ SRND] PRG\ )DVKLRQ 1LJKW =DDQJDล RZDQLH ZRORQWDULXV]\ MHVW ]DXZDล DQH L GRFHQLDQH ZฤณUร G FDฤ HM PLรทG]\QDURGRZHM VLHFL (UDVPXV 6WXGHQW 1HWZRUN F]HJR GRZRGHP MHVW QLHGDZQR RGQLHVLRQ\ VXNFHV 3RGF]DV $QQXDO *HQHUDO 0HHWLQJ Z %HUOLQLH QDMZDล QLHMV]HJR ]MD]GX F]ฤ RQNร Z RUJDQL]DFML Z FLรฃJX URNX (61

8(. ]GRE\ฤ QDJURGรท GOD QDMOHSV]HM VHNFML Z (XURSLH SR UD] GUXJL SR VXNFHVLH SRGF]DV $*0 Z 0HGLRODQLH &R ZLรทFHM SR UD] SLHUZV]\ Z KLVWRULL NRPXฤณ XGDฤ R VLรท ]GRE\รฅ WR RG]QDF]HQLH ZLรทFHM QLล MHGHQ UD] -HGQDN GOD VWXGHQWร Z QDV]HJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX QLH PD U]HF]\ QLHPRล OLZ\FK 3RQDGWR SRGF]DV JDOL Z 1LHPF]HFK ]RVWDฤ WDNล H Z\Uร ล QLRQ\ &RXQFLO RI 1DWLRQDO 'HOHJDWHV RUJDQL]RZDQ\ QD 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .UDNRZLH MDNR GUXJLH QDMOHSV]H Z\GDU]HQLH Z FLรฃJX URNX

studenci

UHDOL]RZDQ\FK SU]H] (61 8(. WR SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP ฤณZLHWQD ]DEDZD NWร UD SR]ZDOD SRฤ รฃF]\รฅ SU]\MHPQH ] SRล \WHF]Q\P 0Rล QD WR ]DXZDล \รฅ SU]\JOรฃGDMรฃF VLรท EOLล HM G]LDฤ DQLRP SRV]F]HJร OQ\FK ]HVSRฤ ร Z

(61 8(. WR V]OLILHUQLD WDOHQWร Z NWร UH SRฤ รฃF]RQH Z FDฤ Rฤณรฅ WZRU]รฃ QLHSRZWDU]DOQ\ GLDPHQW -HVW WDN GODWHJR ล H WZRU]รฃ JR OXG]LH NLHUXMรฃF\ VLรท Z ล \FLX SDVMรฃ D NDล G\ F]ฤ RQHN RUJDQL]DFML PD Uร ล QH ]GROQRฤณFL L FKFH MH UR]ZLMDรฅ -HVW WR LGHDOQH PLHMVFH GR G]LDฤ DQLD GOD ZV]\VWNLFK W\FK NWร U]\ QLH ERMรฃ VLรท SRGHMPRZDรฅ Z\]ZDฤก D SU]\ RND]ML FKFรฃ QDZLรฃ]Dรฅ QLHVDPRZLWH SU]\MDล QLH :V]\VWNLFK X]GROQLRQ\FK L ล รฃGQ\FK QRZ\FK GRฤณZLDGF]Hฤก VWXGHQWร Z 8(. ]DSUDV]DP\ GR ฤณOHG]HQLD QDV]\FK NDQDฤ ร Z VSRฤ HF]QRฤณFLRZ\FK L REVHUZRZDQLD FRG]LHQQHM SUDF\ RUJDQL]DFML D MXล SR ZDNDFMDFK GR Z]LรทFLD XG]LDฤ X Z UHNUXWDFML L SRG]LHOHQLD VLรท ] QDPL VZRLP WDOHQWHP

0DULD *RUรฃF\ (61 8(.

61


studenci

Twoja marka to TY! ? LVQIKP S_QM\VQI 3WรฐW 6I]SW_M BIZbฤ LbIVQI BI[WJIUQ 4]LbSQUQ 8MZ[WVITVQ LbQIรฐIRฤ KM XZba 3I\MLZbM BIZbฤ LbIVQI BI[WJIUQ 8ZIKa ]RUJDQL]RZDฤ R VLร GPรฃ HG\FMรท )HVWLZDOX +XPDQ 5HVRXUFHV SRG KDVฤ HP 7ZRMD PDUND WR 7<

C

]WHU\ GQL MHGHQDฤณFLH V]NROHฤก G]LHVLรฃWNL XF]HVWQLNร Z L QLH]OLF]RQD LORฤณรฅ RGSRZLHG]L QD QXUWXMรฃFH QDV S\WDQLD -DN EXGRZDรฅ VZRMรฃ RVRELVWรฃ PDUNรท" &]\P RQD MHVW" -DN ] VXNFHVHP SU]HMฤณรฅ SU]H] SLHUZV]รฃ UR]PRZรท UHNUXWDF\MQรฃ" -DN RGQDOHล รฅ VLรท QD U\QNX SUDF\ SURVWR SR VNRฤกF]RQ\FK VWXGLDFK" fL QD ZLHOH ZLHOH LQQ\FK 7DN Zฤ DฤณQLH Z\JOรฃGDฤ D VLร GPD MXล HG\FMD )HVWLZDOX +5 RUJDQL]RZDQHJR Z NZLHWQLX SU]H] .Rฤ R 1DXNRZH =DU]รฃG]DQLD =DVREDPL /XG]NLPL e3HUVRQDOQLr )HVWLZDO +5 WR QDMZLรทNV]\ SURMHNW .Rฤ D 1DXNRZHJR ==/ e3HUVRQDOQLr 2UJDQL]RZDQH RG U Z\GDU]HQLH FR URNX JURPDG]L QD SHฤ QH HPRFML F]WHU\ GQL V]NROHฤก L ZDUV]WDWร Z PLฤ RฤณQLNร Z WHPDWร Z ]ZLรฃ]DQ\FK ] ]DU]รฃG]DQLHP SHUVRQHOHP UR]ZRMHP RVRELVW\P L SRV]HU]DQLHP VZRMHM ZLHG]\ -DNR RUJDQL]DWRU]\ GRVWDUF]DP\ :DP QDU]รทG]L L XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL SRWU]HEQ\FK ]DUร ZQR Z ล \FLX VWXGHQFNLP MDN L Z SU]\V]ฤ HM SUDF\ =DSURV]HQL Pร ZF\ L SURZDG]รฃF\ ZDUV]WDW\ Vรฃ HNVSHUWDPL RG ]DU]รฃG]DQLD ZLHG]รฃ F]\ +5 3RGF]DV WHJRURF]QHM HG\FML SU]HSURZDG]RQHM SRG KDVฤ HP Twoja PDUND WR 7< RSUร F] SU]HND]DQLD ZLHG]\ QD WHPDW UR]PRZ\ NZDOLILNDF\MQHM FDฤ HJR SURFHVX UHNUXWDF\MQHJR L SUDF\ UHNUXWHUD VNXSLOLฤณP\

62

VLรท Jฤ ร ZQLH QD WDNLFK SRMรทFLDFK MDN SHUVRQDO EUDQGLQJ EXGRZDQLH Zฤ DVQHJR ZL]HUXQNX Z VRFLDO PHGLD L QLH W\ONR &]\P MHVW ZLรทF QDV] Zฤ DVQ\ EUDQG" -DN SRZLHG]LDฤ -HII %H]RV WZร UFD $PD]RQ FRP 7ZRMD PDUND MHVW W\P FR R 7RELH Pร ZLรฃ NLHG\ FLรท QLH PD Z SRNRMX 6NRUR PDUND RVRELVWD WR SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP VSRVร E SRVWU]HJDQLD QDV SU]H] LQQ\FK ฤ DWZR Z\ZQLRVNRZDรฅ ล H UHSXWDFMD PDUNL GHF\GXMH R VXNFHVLH ]DUร ZQR Z ล \FLX RVRELVW\P MDN L ]DZRGRZ\P 'ODWHJR WDN ZDล QH MHVW EXGRZDQLH Zฤ DVQHM PDUNL F]\OL SHUVRQDO EUDQGLQJ 3RGF]DV )HVWLZDOX +5 GR WHM L LQQ\FK WH] SU]HNRQ\ZDฤ \ QDV RVRE\ G]LDฤ DMรฃFH Z ฤณZLHFLH EL]QHVX L SU]HGVWDZLFLHOH Uร ล Q\FK ILUP : SRQLHG]LDฤ HN UDQR PLHOLฤณP\ RND]Mรท GRZLHG]LHรฅ VLรท MDN EXGRZDรฅ ZL]HUXQHN Z PHGLDFK VSRฤ HF]QRฤณFLRZ\FK SRGF]DV V]NROHQLD SURZDG]RQHJR SU]H] WUHQHUNL ILUP\ $OH[DQGHU 0DQQ 6ROXWLRQV 1DVWรทSQLH R EXGRZDQLX SR]\W\ZQHJR ZL]HUXQNX ILUP\

RSRZLDGDฤ D 3DQL $QHWD %RJDFND *DZU\VLDN '\UHNWRU 0DUNL /HGWUHQV ILUP\ 3(75262/ =ZLHฤกF]HQLHP SLHUZV]HJR GQLD )HVWLZDOX E\ฤ D SDVMRQXMรฃFD G\VNXVMD SRG RNLHP 3DQD .DPLOD 6NLFNLHJR SU]HG NWร U\P PHGLD VSRฤ HF]QRฤณFLRZH QLH PDMรฃ WDMHPQLF .ROHMQHJR GQLD 3DQL $QJHOLND 6NRWQLFND ]Dฤ Rล \FLHOND V]NRฤ \ Mรท]\NRZHM :DOOVWUHHW <RXU (QJOLVK SRG]LHOLฤ D VLรท ] NLONXG]LHVLรทFLRPD XF]HVWQLNDPL VZRLP GRฤณZLDGF]HQLHP L SU]HP\ฤณOHQLDPL GRW\F]รฃF\PL EXGRZDQLD Zฤ DVQHM PDUNL ']LรทNL QLHVDPRZLWHM RVRERZRฤณFL SUHOHJHQWNL XF]HVWQLF\ RSXV]F]DOL VDOรท SU]HSHฤ QLHQL PRW\ZDFMรฃ GR G]LDฤ DQLD L UR]ZRMX : ฤณURGรท PLHOLฤณP\ RND]Mรท XF]HVWQLF]\รฅ Z V]NROHQLX SURZDG]รฃF\P SU]H] <3, &RQVXOWLQJ QDWRPLDVW G]LรทNL ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ ] ILUPรฃ (56 PRJOLฤณP\ VLรท GRZLHG]LHรฅ MDN Z\JOรฃGD W\SRZ\ G]LHฤก UHNUXWHUD RUD] MDNLH PHWRG\ L QDU]รทG]LD Vรฃ QDMF]รทฤณFLHM Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQH Z WHM SUDF\ 7R E\ฤ D RJURPQD GDZND SUDNW\F]QHM ZLHG]\ 2VWDWQLHJR GQLD )HVWLZDOX JRฤณFLOLฤณP\ SUDFRZQLNร Z ILUP\ +$<6 3RODQG 3LHUZV]H V]NROHQLH GRW\F]\ฤ R VRXUFLQJX F]\OL


3UHOHJHQFL SRGF]DV V]NROHฤก G]LHOLOL VLรท Zฤ DVQ\P GRฤณZLDGF]HQLHP L SU]HND]DOL XF]HVWQLNRP ZLHOH LQIRUPDFML SU]\GDWQ\FK Z ล \FLX VWXGHQWD =DMรทFLD SURZDG]RQH Z ]GHF\GRZDQHM ZLรทNV]RฤณFL ZDUV]WDWRZR

SR]ZDODฤ \ QD EH]SRฤณUHGQL NRQWDNW SRPLรทG]\ XF]HVWQLNLHP D SURZDG]รฃF\P RUD] QD Z\NRQ\ZDQLH SUDF SURMHNWRZ\FK Xฤ DWZLDMรฃF\FK ]UR]XPLHQLH WHPDWX :DUWR ]ZUร FLรฅ WDNล H XZDJรท QD IDNW ล H F]รทฤณรฅ V]NROHฤก RGE\ZDฤ D VLรท Z Mรท]\NX DQJLHOVNLP )HVWLZDO +5 MDN FR URNX ]RVWDฤ ]RUJDQL]RZDQ\ SU]H] F]ฤ RQNร Z .1 =DU]รฃG]DQLD =DVREDPL /XG]NLPL e3HUVRQDOQLp .LP MHVWHฤณP\" *UXSรฃ ]JUDQ\FK OXG]L NWร U]\ FKFรฃ VLรท UR]ZLMDรฅ LQVSLURZDรฅ L XF]\รฅ VWXGHQWร Z NUDNRZVNLFK XF]HOQL Z\ล V]\FK L QLH W\ONR ฤณZLHWQLH VLรท SU]\ W\P EDZLรฃF .Rฤ R LVWQLHMH RG U L Z F]DVLH W\FK ODW ]RUJDQL]RZDOLฤณP\ ZLHOH Z\GDU]Hฤก Xฤ DWZLDMรฃF\FK QDV]\P Uร ZLHฤณQLNRP ZHMฤณFLH QD U\QHN SUDF\ L XPRล OLZLDMรฃF\FK UR]Zร M RVRELVW\

-HGQRF]HฤณQLH P\ MDNR F]ฤ RQNRZLH NRฤ D NRRUG\QXMรฃF SURMHNW\ ELRUรฃF XG]LDฤ Z Z\GDU]HQLDFK PHU\WRU\F]Q\FK RUD] SR]QDMรฃF QRZ\FK OXG]L VDPL VLรท UR]ZLMDP\ L EXGXMHP\ Zฤ DVQรฃ PDUNรท RF]\ZLฤณFLH

studenci

Z\V]XNLZDQLD LQIRUPDFML SU]H] Vฤ RZD NOXF]RZH RUD] EXGRZDQLD Zฤ DVQHM PDUNL Z VLHFL 3RGF]DV NROHMQHJR ZDUV]WDWX XF]HVWQLF\ GRZLHG]LHOL VLรท ZLHOX SUDNW\F]Q\FK L SU]\GDWQ\FK Z SU]\V]ฤ RฤณFL U]HF]\ QD WHPDW UR]PRZ\ UHNUXWDF\MQHM 7U]HFLH V]NROHQLH SURZDG]RQH SU]H] WUHQHUร Z ILUP\ +$<6 GRVWDUF]\ฤ R QDP SUDNW\F]QHM ZLHG]\ QD WHPDW SUDF\ UHNUXWHUD 5ร ZQLHล WHJR GQLD JRฤณFLH ] ILUP\ 0-&& RSRZLDGDOL MDN EXGRZDรฅ SR]\W\ZQH GRฤณZLDGF]HQLD NDQG\GDWร Z SRGF]DV UHNUXWDFML

)HVWLZDO +5 WR Z\GDU]HQLH NWร UH SR]ZDOD QD UR]Zร M RVRELVW\ RUD] ]GRE\FLH ZLHG]\ L XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL SU]\GDWQ\FK Z ล \FLX NDล GHJR VWXGHQWD FR SRWZLHUG]DMรฃ SR]\W\ZQH RSLQLH XF]HVWQLNร Z Z NWร U\FK SDPLรทFL QD Gฤ XJR ]RVWDQLH KDVฤ R 7ZRMD PDUND WR 7< 7R WDNล H Z\GDU]HQLH NWร UH JURPDG]L LQWHUHVXMรฃF\FK OXG]L LQVSLUXMH L XF]\ Z ฤณZLHWQHM DWPRVIHU]H

3DXOLQD :\UรทENRZVND .1 ==/ e3HUVRQDOQLr

3WรฐW 6I]SW_M ยถ8MZ[WVITVQยช ยง F]DV QD PDฤ H SRGVXPRZDQLH :WS ISILMUQKSQ Jaรฐ VQMb_aSTM QV\MV[a_Va LTI KbรฐWVS{_ 3WรฐI 6I]SW_MOW BIZbฤ LbIVQI BI[WJIUQ 4]LbSQUQ ยถ8MZ[WVITVQยช LbQIรฐIRฤ KMOW XZba 3I\MLZbM BIZbฤ LbIVQI BI[WJIUQ 8ZIKa VI ?aLbQITM BIZbฤ LbIVQI 3U]H] RVWDWQLH PLHVLรฃFH .Rฤ R PRFQR UR]ZLQรทฤ R VNU]\Gฤ D L ]D]QDF]\ฤ R VZRMรฃ REHFQRฤณรฅ ZฤณUร G LQQ\FK RUJDQL]DFML G]LDฤ DMรฃF\FK QD 8QLZHUV\WHFLH (NRQRPLF]Q\P Z .UDNRZLH 3RGVXPXMP\ WR FR XGDฤ R VLรท ]URELรฅ Z W\P F]DVLH

J

-Xล Z WU]HFLP W\JRGQLX URNX DNDGHPLFNLHJR Z]LรทOLฤณP\ XG]LDฤ Z 7DUJDFK .ร ฤ 1DXNRZ\FK RUJDQL]RZDQ\FK SDล G]LHUQLND SU]H] 5DGรท .ร ฤ 1DXNRZ\FK ']LรทNL WHPX Z\GDU]HQLX PLHOLฤณP\ RND]Mรท SRUR]PDZLDรฅ ] ZLHORPD VWXGHQWDPL NWร U]\ Z QLHGฤ XJLP F]DVLH VWDOL VLรท F]ฤ RQNDPL .Rฤ D RUD] QDZLรฃ]Dรฅ ]QDMRPRฤณFL ] SU]HGVWDZLFLHODPL LQQ\FK RUJDQL]DFML VWXGHQFNLFK 3RF]รฃWHN URNX E\ฤ ZLรทF MHGQRF]HฤณQLH SRF]รฃWNLHP e3HUVRQDOQHMr

GURJL GOD F]รทฤณFL QDV]\FK F]ฤ RQNร Z :LรทFHM Jฤ ร Z L UรฃN GR SUDF\ t WR ZLรทFHM SRP\Vฤ ร Z L PRล OLZRฤณFL 1D SRF]รฃWNX OLVWRSDGD ILUPD $OH[DQGHU 0DQQ 6ROXWLRQV SU]HSURZDG]Lฤ D V]NROHQLH GRW\F]รฃFH PRW\ZDFML 3RGF]DV WHJR Z\GDU]HQLD XF]HVWQLF\ PLHOL RND]Mรท GRZLHG]LHรฅ VLรท F]\P RQD MHVW L MDN Mรฃ NODV\ILNXMHP\ 1DVWรทSQLH RWU]\PDOL ZLHOH SUDNW\F]Q\FK ZVND]ร ZHN MDN Mรฃ Z]PDFQLDรฅ 6]NROHQLH ]DNRฤกF]\ฤ R VLรท UR]PRZรฃ ] SU]HGVWDZLFLHONรฃ ILUP\ QD WHPDW SUDF\ Z NRUSRUDFML

=JRGQLH ] FRURF]Qรฃ WUDG\FMรฃ .Rฤ R 1DXNRZH e3HUVRQDOQLr EUDฤ R Uร ZQLHล F]\QQ\ XG]LDฤ Z SURMHNFLH Szlachetna Paczka ZVSLHUDMรฃF W\FK QDMEDUG]LHM SRWU]HEXMรฃF\FK ']LรทNL RGE\WHM XSU]HGQLR UR]PRZLH ] Z\EUDQรฃ SU]H] .Rฤ R URG]LQรฃ ZLHG]LHOLฤณP\ FR MHVW SRWU]HEQH QDMEDUG]LHM ']LรทNL ]DDQJDล RZDQLX e3HUVRQDOQ\FKr E\OLฤณP\ Z VWDQLH GRVWDUF]\รฅ SDF]Nรท ] ล \ZQRฤณFLรฃ ฤณURGNDPL FKHPLF]Q\PL RUD] ZV]\VWNLPL SRWU]HEQ\PL SURGXNWDPL R NWร U\FK URG]LQD ZVSRPLQDฤ D SRGF]DV QDV]HM ZL]\W\ &LHV]\P\ 63


studenci

VLรท ล H PRJOLฤณP\ VWZRU]\รฅ SUDZG]LZH ฤณZLรทWD NRPXฤณ NWR WHJR SRWU]HERZDฤ

XF]HOQLDPL -HVWHฤณP\ SU]HNRQDQL ล H Z QDVWรทSQ\P URNX DNDGHPLFNLP ]RUJDQL]XMHP\ MHM NROHMQรฃ HG\FMรท

2VWDWQLH VSRWNDQLH Z URNX NDOHQGDU]RZ\P XSฤ \Qรทฤ R Z ฤณZLรฃWHF]QHM DWPRVIHU]H NWร UD VSU]\MDฤ D OHSV]HPX SR]QDQLX VLรท R Z\PLDQLH GRฤณZLDGF]Hฤก 7R Zฤ DฤณQLH G]LรทNL WDNLP Z\GDU]HQLRP WZRU]\P\ EDUG]R ]JUDQ\ ]HVSร ฤ JRWRZ\ GR SRPRF\ L F]HUSLรฃF\ UDGRฤณรฅ ] ZVSร OQHJR G]LDฤ DQLD

3U]HGVWDZLFLHOL QDV]HJR .Rฤ D QLH PRJฤ R Uร ZQLHล ]DEUDNQรฃรฅ QD 'QLX 2WZDUW\P 8(. NWร U\ PLDฤ PLHMVFH PDUFD :\F]HUSXMรฃFR RGSRZLDGDOLฤณP\ QD ZV]\VWNLH S\WDQLD QXUWXMรฃFH XF]QLร Z V]Nร ฤ ฤณUHGQLFK SU]HNRQ\ZDOLฤณP\ GR VWXGLRZDQLD Z QDV]HM 8F]HOQL RUD] DQJDล RZDQLD VLรท Z G]LDฤ DQLH Z Uร ล Q\FK RUJDQL]DFMDFK VWXGHQFNLFK D V]F]HJร OQLH Z NRฤ DFK QDXNRZ\FK $E\ XUR]PDLFLรฅ PDWXU]\VWRP SRE\W Z PXUDFK QDV]HJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX ZUD] ] .Rฤ HP 1DXNRZ\P 5R]ZRMX 2VRELVWHJR SU]HSURZDG]DOLฤณP\ FLHNDZH GRฤณZLDGF]HQLD NWร UH WDN ]DLQWHUHVRZDฤ \ XF]QLร Z ล H QDV]H VWRLVNR SU]H] FDฤ \ F]DV E\ฤ R OLF]QLH RGZLHG]DQH

&]ฤ RQNLQLH .Rฤ D 1DXNRZHJR e3HUVRQDOQLr Z]Lรทฤ \ Uร ZQLHล XG]LDฤ Z 6HVML 5HIHUDWRZHM ]RUJDQL]RZDQHM SU]H] 5DGรท .ร ฤ 1DXNRZ\FK NWร UD Z W\P URNX DNDGHPLFNLP RGE\ZDฤ D VLรท SRG KDVฤ HP 1DXND i pasja 3LVDQLH Zฤ DVQ\FK WHNVWร Z MHVW QLH ODGD V]WXNรฃ DOH G]LรทNL WDNLHM LQLFMDW\ZLH PRล HP\ SUร ERZDรฅ VZRLFK VLฤ L WZRU]\รฅ QLHNLHG\ SLHUZV]H SUDFH QDXNRZH &]\ล MHVW OHSV]H PLHMVFH QD UR]SRF]รทFLH Zฤ DVQHM G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL EDGDZF]HM QLล .Rฤ R 1DXNRZH" 3U]Hฤ RPRZ\P PRPHQWHP Z URNX E\ฤ GOD QDV PDU]HF :WHG\ Zฤ DฤณQLH XGDฤ R QDP VLรท ]RUJDQL]RZDรฅ Z $NDGHPLL *ร UQLF]R +XWQLF]HM ZUD] ] .Rฤ HP 1DXNRZ\P .DGUD $*+ NRQIHUHQFMรท SW 6]WXND V]OLIRZDQLD GLDPHQWร Z t PHWRG\ L UROD UR]ZRMX ZH ZVSร ฤ F]HVQ\P ฤณZLHFLH EL]QHVX 0RW\ZHP SU]HZRGQLP Z\VWรฃSLHฤก E\ฤ R UR]ZLMDQLH VZRLFK XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL RUD] SRJฤ รทELDQLH ZLHG]\ ] ]DNUHVX ]DU]รฃG]DQLD ]DVREDPL OXG]NLPL PDUNHWLQJX RUD] XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL PLรทNNLFK .RQIHUHQFMD E\ฤ D LGHDOQรฃ RND]Mรฃ GR RWZDUWHM Z\PLDQ\ ]GDฤก L RSLQLL D QDV]H .Rฤ R QDZLรฃ]Dฤ R V]HUHJ QRZ\FK ]QDMRPRฤณFL FR QLHZรฃWSOLZLH ]DRZRFXMH GDOV]\P UR]ZRMHP ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ PLรทG]\ QDV]\PL

64

'ZD W\JRGQLH SR NRQIHUHQFML GRNฤ DGQLH PDUFD e3HUVRQDOQLr ]RUJDQL]RZDOL Z\VWรฃSLHQLH 3DQD )LOLSD :HUVWOHUD t PLVWU]D Z\VWรฃSLHฤก SXEOLF]Q\FK WUHQHUD XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL LQWHUSHUVRQDOQ\FK ]QDZFรท Mรท]\Nร Z REF\FK )LOLS :HUVWOHU WR F]ฤ RZLHN GOD NWร UHJR Z\VWรฃSLHQLD SXEOLF]QH WR V]WXND D NRPXQLNDFMD LQWHUSHUVRQDOQD MHVW MHJR SDVMรฃ -HVWHฤณP\ GXPQL ] WHJR ล H XGDฤ R QDP VLรท UR]SRF]รฃรฅ FLHNDZรฃ ZVSร ฤ SUDFรท L PDP\ QDG]LHMรท ล H MHV]F]H ZLHOH LQWHUHVXMรฃF\FK VSRWNDฤก SU]HG QDPL : GQLDFK NZLHWQLD RGE\ฤ D VLรท VLร GPD HG\FMD )HVWLZDOX +5 NWร U\ MHVW QDMZDล QLHMV]\P L QDMZLรทNV]\P Z\GDU]HQLHP RUJDQL]RZDQ\P SU]H] .Rฤ R 1DXNRZH e3HUVRQDOQLr 7HJRURF]QHM HG\FML SU]\ฤณZLHFDฤ R KDVฤ R 7ZRMD PDUND WR 7< 3U]H] FDฤ \ URN DNDGHPLFNL VSRW\NDOLฤณP\ VLรท QD FRW\JRGQLRZ\FK

]HEUDQLDFK F]ฤ RQNร Z .Rฤ D DE\ RPร ZLรฅ NZHVWLH RUJDQL]DF\MQH QDGFKRG]รฃF\FK Z\GDU]Hฤก ]GRE\ZDรฅ ZLHG]รท L XPLHMรทWQRฤณFL SRGF]DV V]NROHฤก ZHZQรทWU]Q\FK L SR SURVWX VSรทG]Dรฅ UD]HP F]DV G\VNXWRZDรฅ Z\PLHQLDรฅ SRJOรฃG\ L GRฤณZLDGF]HQLD : WRZDU]\VWZLH e3HUVRQDOQ\FKr NDล GH WDNLH VSRWNDQLH E\ฤ R SHฤ QH SR]\W\ZQHM HQHUJLL 2VWDWQLรฃ DNFMรฃ NWร Uรฃ SODQXMHP\ ]RUJDQL]RZDรฅ MHV]F]H Z W\P URNX DNDGHPLFNLP MHVW GHEDWD RNVIRUG]ND QDG WH]รฃ Praca zdalna HIHNW\ZQLHMV]D QLล SUDFD ELXURZD =DSURVLOLฤณP\ GR QLHM .Rฤ R 1DXNRZH 5R]ZRMX 2VRELVWHJR 8(. 0DP\ QDG]LHMรท ล H EรทG]LH WR FLHNDZH GRฤณZLDGF]HQLH NWร UH SR]ZROL SU]Hฤ DPDรฅ ZV]\VWNLP XF]HVWQLNRP Vฤ DERฤณFL ]ZLรฃ]DQH ] Z\VWรฃSLHQLDPL SXEOLF]Q\PL RUD] QDXF]\ NRQVWUXNW\ZQHJR GHEDWRZDQLD 3RGVXPRZXMรฃF URN DNDGHPLFNL L G]LDฤ DQLD .Rฤ D FKFLHOLE\ฤณP\ SRG]LรทNRZDรฅ ZV]\VWNLP NWร U]\ ZVSLHUDOL QDV]H G]LDฤ DQLD ZVSร ฤ SUDFRZDOL ] QDPL PRW\ZRZDOL L LQVSLURZDOL ']LรทNXMHP\ ZV]\VWNLP XF]HVWQLNRP QDV]\FK Z\GDU]Hฤก t PDP\ QDG]LHMรท SRQRZQLH :DV VSRWNDรฅ QD NROHMQ\FK V]NROHQLDFK 5RN DNDGHPLFNL VLรท NRฤกF]\ MHGQDN PRล HFLH E\รฅ SHZQL ล H MXล RG SDล G]LHUQLND UXV]DP\ ] QRZ\PL SURMHNWDPL L DNFMDPL G]LรทNL NWร U\P ]GREรทG]LHP\ QRZH GRฤณZLDGF]HQLD QDZLรฃล HP\ FLHNDZH NRQWDNW\ L XPRล OLZLP\ UR]Zร M VWXGHQWRP 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR RUD] LQQ\FK NUDNRZVNLFK XF]HOQL

Magdalena Sikorska .1 ==/ e3HUVRQDOQLr


studenci

Ustawa 2.0 :MXZMbMV\IKRI ;, =-3 VI [XW\SIVQ] b 2IZW[รฐI_MU /W_QVMU UIRI ZWS] VI 8WTQ\MKPVQKM ?IZ[bI_[SQMR WLJaรฐI [Qฤ XZMbMV\IKRI LWS\WZIVKSQKP bIรฐWฤตMฤก LW =[\I_a Z NWร UHM XF]HVWQLF]\ฤ 0LQLVWHU 1DXNL L 6]NROQLFWZD :\ล V]HJR -DURVฤ DZ *RZLQ

C

]ฤ RQNRZLH =DU]รฃGX .UDMRZHM 5HSUH]HQWDFML 'RNWRUDQWร Z SU]HGVWDZLOL VWDQRZLVNR ฤณURGRZLVND GRNWRUDQWร Z NWร UH SU]H] RVWDWQLH NLOND PLHVLรทF\ E\ฤ R WZRU]RQH Z UDPDFK SUDF =HVSRฤ X 5RERF]HJR GV 2SUDFRZDQLD 'RNWRUDQFNLFK =Dฤ Rล Hฤก GR 8VWDZ\ : SUDFDFK ]HVSRฤ X DNW\ZQLH XF]HVWQLF]\ฤ D 3U]HZRGQLF]รฃFD 6DPRU]รฃGX 'RNWRUDQWร Z 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH PJU 0Dฤ JRU]DWD :HVRฤ RZVND 1D SRF]รฃWNX VSRWNDQLD VZRMH ]Dฤ Rล HQLD GR 8VWDZ\ SU]HGVWDZLฤ D .UDMRZD 5HSUH]HQWDFMD 'RNWRUDQWร Z 1DVWรทSQLH Jฤ RV ]DEUDฤ 0LQLVWHU -DURVฤ DZ *RZLQ SU]HGVWDZLDMรฃF SURSR]\FMH 0LQLVWHUVWZD MHGQRF]HฤณQLH RGQRV]รฃF VLรท GR SRP\Vฤ ร Z .5' 3R REX SUH]HQWDFMDFK UR]SRF]รทฤ D VLรท G\VNXVMD ] XG]LDฤ HP 0LQLVWUD -DURVฤ DZD *RZLQD D QDVWรทSQLH '\UHNWRUD %LXUD 0LQLVWUD 1DXNL L 6]NROQLFWZD :\ล V]HJR 3LRWUD 0ร OOHUD =Dฤ Rล HQLD GR 8VWDZ\ SURSRQRZDQH SU]H] .5' RUD] ]Jฤ DV]DQH XZDJL L VXJHVWLH Z F]DVLH G\VNXVML Z GXล HM F]รทฤณFL RND]Dฤ \ VLรท ]ELHล QH ] ZL]Mรฃ 0LQLVWHUVWZD 1DMZDล QLHMV]D ]PLDQD EรทG]LH GRW\F]\ฤ D URG]DMร Z ฤณFLHล HN SURZDG]รฃF\FK GR X]\VNDQLD VWRSQLD QDXNRZHJR GRNWRUD : PLHMVFH GRW\FKF]DVRZ\FK VWXGLร Z GRNWRUDQFNLFK SRMDZLรฃ VLรท V]NRฤ \ GRNWRUVNLH NWร UH EรทGรฃ SURZDG]RQH Z GDQHM G\VF\SOLQLH QDXNRZHM D ZLรทF SR]LRPR Z VWUXNWXU]H XF]HOQL 'UXJรฃ PRล OLZRฤณFLรฃ EรทG]LH X]\VNDQLH GRNWRUDQFNLHJR JUDQWX SURPRWRUVNLHJR ] 1DURGRZHJR &HQWUXP 1DXNL 7U]HFLรฃ IRUPรฃ EรทG]LH GRW\FKF]DV ]QDQD

ฤณFLHล ND HNVWHUQLVW\F]QD F]\OL W]Z eGRNWRUDW ] ZROQHM VWRS\r 'RGDWNRZR SURPRZDQD EรทG]LH ZLรทNV]D PRELOQRฤณรฅ Pฤ RG\FK QDXNRZFร Z XPLรทG]\QDURGRZLHQLH SURJUDPร Z GRNWRUVNLFK SXEOLNRZDQLH Z\QLNร Z EDGDฤก Z Mรท]\NX REF\P F]\ ]DSHZQLHQLH ILQDQVRZDQLD NDล GHPX GRNWRUDQWRZL SU]H] FDฤ \ RNUHV NV]WDฤ FHQLD 5R]PRZ\ ฤณURGRZLVNRZH RUD] SUDFH QDG RVWDWHF]Q\P NV]WDฤ WHP ]DSLVร Z GRW\F]รฃF\FK NV]WDฤ FHQLD GRNWRUDQWร Z QDGDO WUZDMรฃ 1D SRWU]HEรท ZSURZDG]HQLD ]PLDQ ZVND]XMรฃ Z\QLNL NRQWUROL SU]HSURZDG]RQHM SU]H] 1DMZ\ล V]รฃ ,]Eรท .RQWUROL RSLQLD 0LQLVWHUVWZD XF]HOQL Z\ล V]\FK RUD] VDP\FK GRNWRUDQWร Z 0RZD WX R QLHZ\VWDUF]DMรฃFHM MDNRฤณFL L HIHNW\ZQRฤณFL VWXGLร Z WU]HFLHJR VWRSQLD NWร UD SU]HMDZLD VLรท QLVNLP RGVHWNLHP REURQ UR]SUDZ GRNWRUVNLFK V]F]HJร OQLH Z REV]DU]H QDXN KXPDQLVW\F]Q\FK L VSRฤ HF]Q\FK -DN Z\QLND ] RJร OQRSROVNLFK EDGDฤก SU]HSURZDG]RQ\FK SU]H] .5' Z URNX ZฤณUร G

GRNWRUDQWร Z QD WHPDW VWXGLร Z WU]HFLHJR VWRSQLD EUDN GREUHJR SU]\JRWRZDQLD PHWRG\F]QHJR L G\GDNW\F]QHJR SU]Hฤ DGRZDQ\ SURJUDP F]รทVWR QLHGRVWRVRZDQ\ GR LQG\ZLGXDOQ\FK ]DLQWHUHVRZDฤก QDXNRZ\FK GRNWRUDQWร Z RUD] EUDN ]DSHZQLRQHJR ZVSDUFLD ILQDQVRZHJR GRNWRUDQWD Z F]DVLH VWXGLร Z QLHXFKURQQLH SURZDG]L GR QLVNLHM HIHNW\ZQRฤณFL WHM IRUP\ NV]WDฤ FHQLD

NRQWDNW %XG\QHN *ฤ ร ZQ\ SRN VDPGRN#XHN NUDNRZ SO KWWS XHN NUDNRZ SO SO VWXGHQFL VDPRU]DG GRNWRUDQWRZ KWPO KWWSV ZZZ IDFHERRN FRP VGXHNUN

= SURMHNWHP GRNWRUDQFNLFK ]Dฤ Rล Hฤก GR 8VWDZ\ PRล QD ]DSR]QDรฅ VLรท QD VWURQLH .UDMRZHM 5HSUH]HQWDFML 'RNWRUDQWร Z http: //krd.edu.pl/ustawa/ 2ILFMDOQD SUH]HQWDFMD SURMHNWX ]Dฤ Rล Hฤก GR QRZHM XVWDZ\ 3UDZR R V]NROQLFWZLH Z\ล V]\P RGEรทG]LH VLรท SRGF]DV ZU]HฤณQLRZHJR 1DURGRZHJR .RQJUHVX 1DXNL NWร U\ EรทG]LH PLDฤ PLHMVFH Z .UDNRZLH PJU 0Dฤ JRU]DWD :HVRฤ RZVND 3U]HZRGQLF]รฃFD =DU]รฃGX 6DPRU]รฃGX 'RNWRUDQWร Z 8(.

SU]\ VWROH IRW .U]\V]WRI 5 .XSLHF

65


studenci

,QQRZDF\MQRฤณรฅ ยง [bIV[I Kba QUXMZI\a_' =D LQQRZDFMH XZDล D VLรท QDMUร ล QLHMV]H SURFHV\ IDNW\ L ]MDZLVND R FKDUDNWHU]H VSRฤ HF]Q\P WHFKQLF]Q\P SV\FKRORJLF]Q\P OXE RUJDQL]DF\MQ\P ? VIRXZW[\[baU ]Rฤ KQ] QVVW_IKRI \W ]LIVM _aSWZba[\IVQM VW_aKP

XWUa[รฐ{_ +bฤ [\W LW\aKba WVI VW_aKP \MKPVWTWOQQ Jฤ Lฤ QKP bI[\W[W_Iฤก ,TI XW[bKbMO{TVaKP XWLUQW\{_ OW[XWLIZKbaKP QVVW_IKRI Jฤ LbQM UQIรฐI Z{ฤตVM bVIKbMVQM

O

EHFQLH WHPSR ZSURZDG]DQLD LQQRZDF\MQ\FK SURGXNWร Z L OXE XVฤ XJ MHVW FRUD] V]\EV]H QD FDฤ \P ฤณZLHFLH : ZDUXQNDFK JOREDOQHM NRQNXUHQFML F\NO ล \FLD SURGXNWร Z XVฤ XJ D WDNล H ZLHG]\ VWDMH VLรท FRUD] NUร WV]\ 6]HURNR UR]XPLDQD LQQRZDF\MQRฤณรฅ LG]LH Z SDU]H ] SRSUDZรฃ HIHNW\ZQRฤณFL SRGPLRWร Z G]LDฤ DMรฃF\FK Z RSDUWHM QD ZLHG]\ JRVSRGDUFH G]LVLHMV]HJR L MXWU]HMV]HJR ฤณZLDWD

'RELHJDMรฃF\ NRฤกFD URN DNDGHPLFNL E\ฤ GOD .Rฤ D 1DXNRZHJR 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK 6WRVXQNร Z *RVSRGDUF]\FK URNLHP V]F]HJร OQ\P *UXGQLRZH V\PSR]MXP QDXNRZH ] XG]LDฤ HP VWXGHQWร Z .1 06* RUD] .1 (%0 UR]SRF]รทฤ R URN LQQRZDF\MQRฤณFL NZLHWQLD URNX RGE\ฤ D VLรท NRQIHUHQFMD QDXNRZD SW Innowacje โ V]DQVD F]\ LPSHUDW\Z EรทGรฃFD ]ZLHฤกF]HQLHP FDฤ HJR F\NOX 3U]HGPRZรท GR Z\GDU]HQLD Z\Jฤ RVLOL GU KDE .DUROLQD .OHFKD 7\OHF 3URG]LHNDQ :\G]LDฤ X (NRQRPLL L 6WRVXQNร Z 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK SURI 8(. GU KDE (GZDUG 0ROHQGRZVNL .LHURZQLN .DWHGU\ 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK 6WRVXQNร Z *RVSRGDUF]\FK RUD] GU $QQD 2GURELQD 2SLHNXQ .Rฤ D 1DXNRZHJR 0LรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK 6WRVXQNร Z *RVSRGDUF]\FK .RQIHUHQFMD ]RVWDฤ D SRG]LHORQD QD GZD SDQHOH SRSU]HG]RQH XURF]\VW\P UR]SRF]รทFLHP : SLHUZV]HM F]รทฤณFL Z]LรทOL XG]LDฤ SU]HGVWDZLFLHOH GZร FK ILUP ] EUDQล \ SLZRZDUVNLHM RUD] UHSUH]HQWDQWND $NDGHPLFNLFK ,QNXEDWRUร Z 3U]HGVLรทELRUF]RฤณFL 3DQL 6\OZLD 0DMNXW SU]HGVWDZLFLHOND G]LDฤ DMรฃF\FK SU]\ 8(. $NDGHPLFNLFK ,QNXEDWRUร Z 3U]HGVLรทELRUF]RฤณFL SU]\EOLล \ฤ D 66

]HEUDQ\P G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ VHGQR LQQRZDF\MQRฤณFL RUD] G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ $,3 3DQ )LOLS 3DSURFNL Jฤ ร ZQ\ SRP\Vฤ RGDZFD L ]Dฤ Rล \FLHO ILUP\ )HUPHQWXP 0RELOH SU]HGVWDZLฤ SXQNW ZLG]HQLD QLHZLHONLHJR SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZD EUDQล \ SLZRZDUVNLHM NWร UH LGHDOQLH GRSDVRZDฤ R VLรท GR LVWQLHMรฃFHM QD U\QNX QLV]\ GURล Gล RZHM VNLHURZDQHM SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP GR NOLHQWร Z SU\ZDWQ\FK .ROHMQ\ ] SUHOHJHQWร Z SDQ :RMFLHFK 3RODQ SRND]Dฤ SXQNW ZLG]HQLD GXล HJR SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZD QD SU]\Nฤ DG]LH 9DQ 3XU 6 $ SROVNLHJR SURGXFHQWD SLZD L QDSRMร Z EH]DONRKRORZ\FK : GUXJLHM F]รทฤณFL NRQIHUHQFML VZRMรฃ V]DQVรท QD Z\ND]DQLH VLรท LQQRZDF\MQ\PL SRP\Vฤ DPL QD UR]SRF]รทFLH G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL L ]DLVWQLHQLH Z ฤณZLHFLH EL]QHVX X]\VNDฤ \ GZD RฤณURGNL QDXNRZH G]LDฤ DMรฃFH SU]\ 8QLZHUV\WHFLH -DJLHOORฤกVNLP RUD] $NDGHPLL *ร UQLF]R +XWQLF]HM $JDWD 6WรทSQLN ] .Rฤ D 1DXNRZHJR 7HDWURORJร Z 8- RUD] 0DWHXV] .XWD ] .Rฤ D 1DXNRZHJR 5RERW\NL L 6]WXF]QHM ,QWHOLJHQFML 8- SU]HGVWDZLOL ]JRUPDG]RQ\P SRฤ รฃF]HQLH GZร FK FRUD] EDUG]LHM LVWRWQ\FK HOHPHQWร Z t V]WXNL RUD] VDPRUHJXOXMรฃFHJR V\VWHPX NRQWUROL QDG

HIHNWDPL DXGLRZL]XDOQ\PL $QGU]HM =DNUรทFNL F]ฤ RQHN $*+ 6SDFH 6\VWHPV RUD] %DUฤ RPLHM *DF]RUHN ] ILUP\ 3/0 6ROXWLRQ Vรฃ RGSRZLHG]LDOQL ]D SURMHNW ฤ D]LND PDUVMDฤกVNLHJR VWZRU]RQHJR G]LรทNL WHFKQRORJLL GUXNX ' 3UHOHJHQFL ]DSUH]HQWRZDOL XF]HVWQLNRP NRQIHUHQFML HOHPHQW\ SURWRW\SX ฤ D]LND NWร U\ Z SU]\V]ฤ \P URNX PD V]DQVรท QD ]DSUH]HQWRZDQLH VLรท QD PLรทG]\QDURGRZ\FK WDUJDFK .RQIHUHQFMD ]RVWDฤ D Uร ZQLHล XฤณZLHWQLRQD Z\VWรทSHP SDQD -DQXV]D .DKOD ] 6RXWK 3RODQG &OHDQWHFK &OXVWHU NWร U\ SU]\EOLล DMรฃF G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ VZRMHM ILUP\ ]DMPXMรฃFHM VLรท SURPRZDQLHP QRZ\FK LQQRZDF\MQ\FK SRP\Vฤ ร Z SU]HGVWDZLฤ ]JRUPDG]RQ\P LVWRWรท P\ฤณOHQLD ODWHUDOQHJR Z SURFHVLH NUHRZDQLD LQQRZDF\MQRฤณFL :V]\VWNLP REHFQ\P L ]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\P G]LรทNXMHP\ L MXล WHUD] ]DSUDV]DP\ GR Z]LรทFLD XG]LDฤ X Z Z\GDU]HQLX Uร ZQLHล ]D URN .RQIHUHQFMD 1DXNRZD .Rฤ D 1DXNRZHJR 06* MHVW FRURF]Qรฃ WUDG\FMรฃ NWร UD RGQRVL VLรท GR LVWRWQ\FK Z UR]ZLMDMรฃF\P VLรท ฤณZLHFLH WHPDWร Z Justyna Miernik 3UH]HV .1 06*


$QQD .DUZLฤกVND kurierek

:WbUW_a b 8][bSQMU

O talentach

t 0DP WDOHQW 0DP WDOHQW t Z\NU]\NLZDฤ 3XV]HN SRGVNDNXMรฃF Z VZRLP SXGHฤ NX WDN HQHUJLF]QLH ล H FDฤ H VLรท WU]รทVฤ R t &Rฤณ WDNLHJR" t ]G]LZLฤ D VLรท =DNฤ DGND t $ VNรฃG Z]Lรฃฤ Hฤณ" , JG]LH WR PDV]" t -DN WR VNรฃG Z]Lรฃฤ HP" t REXU]\ฤ VLรท 3XV]HN t 5R]ZLQรฃฤ HP VLรท SR SURVWX , PDP WR Z VRELH : UR]XPLH ]QDF]\ VLรท :Hฤ QLF]ND SDUVNQรทฤ D ฤณPLHFKHP t =DNฤ DGND P\ฤณODฤ D ล H Pร ZLV] R WDOHQFLH NWร UHJR Xล \ZDQR GR ZDล HQLD ]ฤ RWD L VUHEUD Z VWDURล \WQHM *UHFML t : %DELORQLL WHล t SRZLHG]LDฤ D =DNฤ DGND WURFKรท ]PLHV]DQD t $ R F]\P W\f" t =ZUร FLฤ D VLรท GR 3XV]ND t -D R W\P ล H 0$0 WDOHQW -HVWHP QDMOHSV]\ t (HH WDP ]DUD] QDMOHSV]\ $ VNรฃG Z RJร OH ZLDGRPR ล H PDV] WDOHQW t SRZรฃWSLHZDฤ 'UXFLDN :V]\VF\ MDN QD NRPHQGรท VSRMU]HOL QD PQLH :HVWFKQรทฤ DP L RGฤ Rล \ฤ DP NVLรฃล Nรท t 7DOHQW PRL GURG]\ WR Z\MรฃWNRZH ]GROQRฤณFL 1D SU]\Nฤ DG WDOHQW PX]\F]Q\ R]QDF]D QLH]Z\Nฤ \ VWRSLHฤก ELHJฤ RฤณFL Z PX]\FH D WDNล H ]GROQRฤณรฅ GR V]\ENLHJR XF]HQLD VLรท WZร UF]HJR UR]ZLMDQLD WHJR FR MXล VLรท XPLH t , 3XV]HN WR PD" t ]DS\WDฤ QLHGRZLHU]DMรฃFR 1LFLDN t $ QLE\ VNรฃG" t -D PDP WDOHQW GR Z\P\ฤณODQLD D QLH GR PX]\NL t REUD]Lฤ VLรท 3XV]HN t -HVWHP QLHSU]HFLรทWQLH ]GROQ\ GR Z\P\ฤณODQLD QRZ\FK U]HF]\ t $ MHVW WDNL WDOHQW" t VS\WDฤ D ,UDWL t QLJG\ QLH Vฤ \V]Dฤ DP t $ MD F]\WDฤ DP t ]DZRฤ Dฤ D =DNฤ DGND t -HVW WDNL WHVWf R MXล SDPLรทWDP ,QVW\WXWX *DOOXSD 0Rล QD ]EDGDรฅ MDNLH PD VLรท WDOHQW\ 7\ONR VDP WDOHQW QLH Z\VWDUF]\ t 1R MDVQH t ZHVWFKQรฃฤ 'UXFLDN t =DUD] VLรท RNDล H ล H WU]HED VLรท

XF]\รฅ t 7U]HED WU]HED t SRZLHG]LDฤ DP EH]OLWRฤณQLH t 7DOHQW WR W\ONR SRF]รฃWHN SLHUZV]D LVNUD 7URFKรท WDN MDN SU]\ NU]HVDQLX RJQLDf t &]\P""" t ]GXPLDฤ D VLรท :Hฤ QLF]ND t &R WR MHVW NU]HVDQLH RJQLD" , FR WR PD ZVSร OQHJR ] WDOHQWHP" t .LHG\ฤณ QLH E\ฤ R ]DSDฤ HN DQL ]DSDOQLF]HN L WU]HED E\ฤ R Xล \รฅ NU]HVLZD GR UR]SDOHQLD RJQLD :LG]LDฤ HP WR QD WDNLP ILOPLH R MDVNLQLRZFDFK t SRZLHG]LDฤ 1LFLDN t 6WUDV]QD SUDFD , WU]HED RG UD]X SRGNฤ DGDรฅ GUHZLHQND DOER VXFK\ PHFK ER LQDF]HM LVNUD JDฤณQLH t &]\OL WR RG FLHELH ]DOHล \ Z\NRU]\VWDQLH WDOHQWX t SRZLHG]LDฤ D =DNฤ DGND t 0XVLV] SRGNฤ DGDรฅ WH GUHZLHQND ล HE\ RJLHฤก VLรท UR]SDOLฤ t 7R ]QDF]\ t GRGDฤ DP SDWU]รฃF QD ]GH]RULHQWRZDQHJR 3XV]ND t ล H MHฤณOL PDV] WDOHQW GR Z\P\ฤณODQLD QRZ\FK U]HF]\ D Zฤ DฤณFLZLH ]JRGQLH ] WHVWHP *DOOXSD UDF]HM WDOHQW GR RGNU\ZDQLD WR PXVLV] FLรฃJOH รฅZLF]\รฅ WH VZRMH ]GROQRฤณFL 'Xล R F]\WDรฅ RJOรฃGDรฅ Z\P\ฤณODรฅ QRZH ]DVWRVRZDQLD GOD ]Z\Nฤ \FK U]HF]\ V]XNDรฅ QRZ\FK VSRVREร Z UR]ZLรฃ]DQLD SUREOHPร Z L WDN GDOHM t 7R MD E\P PRล H ZRODฤ MDNLฤณ LQQ\ WDOHQW t ]DP\ฤณOLฤ VLรท 3XV]HN t -DNLฤณ ฤ DWZLHMV]\ t 1D SU]\Nฤ DG GR VSDQLD t ]DฤณPLDฤ D VLรท ,UDWL t : VSDQLX MHVWHฤณ QDSUDZGรท QDMOHSV]\f t =D]GURฤณQLFD t RGFLรฃฤ VLรท 3XV]HN t 7\ SHZQLH QLH PDV] ล DGQHJR WDOHQWX t 7\ONR EH] Nฤ ร WQL SRSURV]รท t ]DSURWHVWRZDฤ DP t 3U]\GDฤ E\ VLรท ZDP RERMJX WDNL WDOHQW MDN HPSDWLD t &]\OL FR" t ]DS\WDฤ D ,UDWL VSHV]RQD t =GROQRฤณรฅ GR UR]XPLHQLD XF]Xรฅ LQQ\FK DOH WHล VSRVREX Z MDNL SDWU]รฃ QD ฤณZLDW t , WR PD E\รฅ WDOHQW" -DN GR SLVDQLD ZLHUV]\" t REXU]\ฤ D VLรท :Hฤ QLF]ND t 'REU\ SU]\Nฤ DG $NXUDW GR SLVDQLD

ZLHUV]\ HPSDWLD QLH]Z\NOH VLรท SU]\GDMH $OH WHล GR QHJRFMDFML Z WUXGQ\FK VSUDZDFK GR NLHURZDQLD OXGล PL t SRZLHG]LDฤ DP t , WHล WU]HED WR รฅZLF]\รฅ 1LHVWHW\ t $ MDNLH MHV]F]H PRล QD PLHรฅ WDOHQW\" t ]DFLHNDZLฤ VLรท 3XV]HN t 0Rล H E\P VRELH FRฤณ Z\EUDฤ t 7R QLH WDNLH SURVWH t VSRMU]Dฤ DP QD HNUDQ ODSWRSD t R WX PDFLH FDฤ รฃ OLVWรท 7U]\G]LHฤณFL F]WHU\ WDOHQW\ GR UR]ZLMDQLD 7R QLH MHVW WDN ล H VRELH Z\ELHUDV] MDN Z VNOHSLH 2 W\P ล H PDV] SHZLHQ WDOHQW ฤณZLDGF]รฃ Uร ล QH FHFK\ -HGQH Pร ZLรฃ R W\P ล H PDV] WDOHQW RUJDQL]DWRUD LQQH ล H DQDOLW\ND GRZร GF\ F]\ ZL]MRQHUD 3R WR Zฤ DฤณQLH UREL VLรท WH WHVW\ , MDN MXล ZLHV] PRล HV] ]DF]รฃรฅ QDG QLPL SUDFRZDรฅ t $OH F]\ WR VLรท RSฤ DFD" t ]DS\WDฤ 1LFLDN t QLH OHSLHM WR ล \รฅ VRELH VSRNRMQLH" &]\ NDล G\ PXVL" t 7R MXล NZHVWLD WZRMHJR Z\ERUX t XฤณPLHFKQรทฤ DP VLรท t 7DOHQW\ QD SHZQR PDV] ER NDล G\ MH PD $OH MHฤณOL ZROLV] MH ]PDUQRZDรฅ t WR WUXGQR t -D QD SHZQR QLH ]PDUQXMรท t QDSXV]\ฤ VLรท 3XV]HN t %รทGรท VLรท XF]\ฤ L รฅZLF]\ฤ t 0Rล H EรทGรท Z NRฤกFX ERJDW\ , Vฤ DZQ\

:LรทFHM UR]Pร Z ] 3XV]NLHP PRล QD ]QDOHล รฅ Z NVLรฃล FH $QQ\ .DUZLฤกVNLHM e5R]PRZ\ ] 3XV]NLHP R Z\REUDล QL SU]\MDล QL L UR]XPLHQLX LQQ\FKr Z\G :$0 .UDNร Z RUD] e3XV]HN 'UXFLDN =DNฤ DGND L LQQH ,VW\r Z\G 1&. :DUV]DZD U\V $QQD 3RGF]DV]\

&]\ ZLHV] FR MHVW WZRMรฃ QDMPRFQLHMV]รฃ VWURQรฃ" &R SU]\FKRG]L FL ] ฤ DWZRฤณFLรฃ" &R QDSUDZGรท OXELV] URELรฅ"

=DMU]\M QD VWURQรท www.marta.bara.pl/ talenty-wg-gallupa/ L SU]HF]\WDM ZLรทFHM R EDGDQLDFK QDG WDOHQWDPL

67


wspomnienie

Wspomnienie o Profesorze

2IVQM ;b]UQTIS] wieloletnim pracowniku Katedry Handlu i Instytucji Rynkowych =KbMTVQI RM[\ \ISฤ WZOIVQbIKRฤ S\{ZMR XZIKW_VQKa _aSIb]Rฤ ZMTI\a_VQM [QTVa b_Qฤ bMS b _รฐI[VaU ฤฌZWLW_Q[SQMU [XWรฐMKbVaU b _aLbQIรฐMU bM[XWรฐMU SI\MLZITVaU Kba QVVฤ OZ]Xฤ bILIVQW_ฤ I XZbaVITMฤตVWฤฌฤ LW VQKP RM[\ _IฤตVaU MTMUMV\MU QLMV\aย SIKRQ bI_WLW_MR ยง LaLIS\aKbVMR Q VI]SW_W JILI_KbMR 'ODWHJR WHล NDล GD ]PLDQD SHUVRQDOQD D ]Zฤ DV]F]D ฤณPLHUรฅ NWร UHJRฤณ ] F]ฤ RQNร Z ]HVSRฤ X MHVW V]F]HJร OQLH VLOQLH RGF]XZDQD L DNFHQWRZDQD

W

GQLX PDUFD URNX Z ZLHNX ODW ]PDUฤ SURI 8(. GRNWRU KDELOLWRZDQ\ QDXN HNRQRPLF]Q\FK -DQ 6]XPLODN QDV] .ROHJD L :VSร ฤ SUDFRZQLN GRฤณZLDGF]RQ\ Z\Nฤ DGRZFD L LQVSLUDWRU QRZ\FK SRV]XNLZDฤก QDXNRZ\FK 6HQLRU .DWHGU\ +DQGOX L ,QVW\WXFML 5\QNRZ\FK 8(. HPHU\WRZDQ\ SURIHVRU QDG]Z\F]DMQ\ 8QLZHUV\WHWX (NRQRPLF]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH RUD] $NDGHPLL :\FKRZDQLD )L]\F]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH 8URG]Lฤ VLรท F]HUZFD URNX Z 0RฤณFLVNDFK 3R ]DNRฤกF]HQLX ZRMQ\ -HJR URG]LQD SU]HQLRVฤ D VLรท GR .UDNRZD JG]LH XF]รทV]F]Dฤ GR V]NRฤ \ SRGVWDZRZHM L /LFHXP 2Jร OQRNV]WDฤ FรฃFHJR LP -DQD ,,, 6RELHVNLHJR Z .UDNRZLH 6WXGLD Z\ล V]H RGE\ZDฤ SRF]รฃWNRZR Z $NDGHPLL *ร UQLF]R +XWQLF]HM D QDVWรทSQLH Z ร ZF]HVQHM :\ล V]HM 6]NROH (NRQRPLF]QHM SR XNRฤกF]HQLX NWร U\FK SUDFRZDฤ NUร WNR Z 3RZV]HFKQHM 6Sร ฤ G]LHOQL 6SRล \ZFร Z Z .UDNRZLH D QDVWรทSQLH SRGMรฃฤ SUDFรท QD VWDQRZLVNX DV\VWHQWD Z .DWHGU]H (NRQRPLNL 2EURWX 7RZDURZHJR Z PDFLHU]\VWHM 8F]HOQL : 8F]HOQL WHM t SU]HPLDQRZDQHM Zร ZF]DV QD

68


RUD] PRGHORZDQLD U]HF]\ZLVWRฤณFL JRVSRGDUF]HM &KRFLDล QLH ]DZV]H ]UR]XPLDฤ H MHJR P\ฤณOL QLRVฤ \ RJURPQรฃ GDZNรท RU\JLQDOQHJR XQLNDOQHJR SRVWU]HJDQLD SUREOHPร Z ZVSร ฤ F]HVQHM HNRQRPLL L ]DU]รฃG]DQLD

wspomnienie

$NDGHPLH (NRQRPLF]Qรฃ t SU]H=DU]รฃG]DQLH VSU]HGDล รฃ Z SURV]HGฤ NROHMQH V]F]HEOH NDULHU\ QDGXNFML L KDQGOX Z ฤณZLHWOH WHRULL XNRZHM X]\VNXMรฃF VWRSLHฤก GRNWRUD NRV]Wร Z WUDQVDNF\MQ\FK L Z i GRNWRUD KDELOLWRZDQHJR QDXN URNX :Sฤ \Z DV\PHWULL LQIRUPDFML HNRQRPLF]Q\FK L DZDQVXMรฃF RG U\QNRZHM QD NV]WDฤ WRZDQLH VLรท VWDQRZLVND DV\VWHQWD GR SURIHLQVW\WXFMRQDOQ\FK IRUP KDQGOX VRUD QDG]Z\F]DMQHJR 3URIHVRU NWร UH E\ฤ \ NRQW\QXRZDQH Z Sร ล ZLHOFH ]DVฤ Xล \ฤ VLรท GOD UR]ZRMX QLHMV]\FK ODWDFK (IHNWHP W\FK PDFLHU]\VWHM 8F]HOQL PLรทG]\ LQEDGDฤก E\ฤ \ DUW\NXฤ \ $NW\ZD Q\PL SU]H] EOLVNR รฅZLHUรฅ ZLHNX PDUNHWLQJRZH Z ฤณZLHWOH WHRULL NLHURZDฤ 3XQNWHP .RQVXOWDF\MQ\P NRV]Wร Z WUDQVDNF\MQ\FK $NDGHPLL (NRQRPLF]QHM Z .LHOFDFK 2G U\QNX GR KLHUDUFKLL R WHRUH1DVWรทSQLH SU]H] NLONDQDฤณFLH ODW Dล W\F]Q\FK SRGVWDZDFK EDGDฤก QDG GR SU]HMฤณFLD QD HPHU\WXUรท ZVSร ฤ UR]ZRMHP ILUP KDQGORZ\FK SUDFRZDฤ ] $NDGHPLรฃ :\FKRZDQLD Teoretyczne podstawy analizy )L]\F]QHJR Z .UDNRZLH SHฤ QLรฃF LQVW\WXFMRQDOQ\FK IRUP KDQGOX WDP P LQ IXQNFMรท .LHURZQLND GHWDOLF]QHJR F]\ Relacje =DNฤ DGX (NRQRPLL L =DU]รฃG]DQLD QD NOLHQW KDQGHO Z ฤณZLHWOH DV\PHWULL LQIRUPDFML %DGDQLD ]DSR:\G]LDOH 7XU\VW\NL L 5HNUHDFML F]รฃWNRZDQH SU]H] 3DQD 3URIHVRUD -DQD 6]XPLODND Vรฃ NRQW\QXRZDQH =DLQWHUHVRZDQLD QDXNRZH SU]H] F]ฤ RQNร Z MHJR ]HVSR3URIHVRUD VNXSLDฤ \ VLรท QD SUREOHฤ X SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP SU]H] GU PDW\FH IXQNFMRQRZDQLD L UR]ZRMX -DURVฤ DZD 3OLFKWรท DOH Uร ZQLHล KDQGOX L JRVSRGDUNL WXU\VW\F]QHM GU KDE *UDล \Qรท ฤฒPLJLHOVNรฃ SROLW\FH FHQ RUD] HNRQRPLF]Q\FK =DDQJDล RZDQLH Z VSUDZ\ QDL VSRฤ HF]Q\FK XZDUXQNRZDQLDFK XNRZH L G\GDNW\Nรท ]DRZRFRZDฤ R UR]ZRMX JRVSRGDUNL U\QNRZHM Z URNX NVLรฃล Nรฃ +DQGHO GH3URIHVRU -DQ 6]XPLODN MHVW DXWRtaliczny )XQNFMRQRZDQLH L NLHUXQNL UHP OLF]Q\FK DUW\NXฤ ร Z L PRQRUR]ZRMX NWร UHM 3DQ 3URIHVRU E\ฤ JUDILL SRฤณZLรทFRQ\FK WHM WHPDW\FH UHGDNWRUHP L DXWRUHP UR]G]LDฤ ร Z RUD] Z\FKRZDZFรฃ OLF]QHM U]HV]\ 3R]\FMD WD MHVW QDGDO SRGVWDZRZD DEVROZHQWร Z VWXGLร Z PDJLVWHUGOD VWXGHQWร Z QDV]HM 8F]HOQL VWXVNLFK RUD] Pฤ RG\FK SUDFRZQLNร Z GLXMรฃF\FK SUREOHPDW\Nรท KDQGOX QDXNL 3URIHVRU DQJDล RZDฤ VLรท WDNล H Z G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ RUJDQL]DF\MQรฃ 3URIHVRU -DQ 6]XPLODN FLHV]\ฤ VLรท Z VIHU]H QDXNL P LQ SU]HZRGV]DFXQNLHP L X]QDQLHP ZVSร ฤ SUDQLF]\ฤ XF]HOQLDQ\P NRPLVMRP FRZQLNร Z L VWXGHQWร Z E\ฤ OXELDQ\ 6HQDFNLP SHฤ QLฤ IXQNFMรท VHNUH]D VZRMรฃ XF]\QQRฤณรฅ ล \F]OLZRฤณรฅ WDU]D QDXNRZHJR .RPLVML 1DXN D ]DUD]HP SU\QF\SLDOQRฤณรฅ Z NZH(NRQRPLF]Q\FK 3$1 2GG]LDฤ X VWLDFK QDXNRZ\FK -HJR VNURPZ .UDNRZLH E\ฤ F]ฤ RQNLHP QRฤณรฅ L XF]FLZRฤณรฅ QDXNRZD SDVMD .RPLVML 1DXN (NRQRPLF]Q\FK L LQQRZDF\MQRฤณรฅ Z ]Jฤ รทELDQLX 3ROVNLHM $NDGHPLL 8PLHMรทWQRฤณFL SUREOHPร Z JRVSRGDUNL L SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZ MHGQRVWHN L FDฤ \FK 3DQ 3URIHVRU FHFKRZDฤ VLรท VZR]ELRURZRฤณFL E\ฤ \ SRZV]HFKQLH LVW\P Z\F]XFLHP MHล HOL FKRG]L ]QDQH 7R Zฤ DฤณQLH GR QLHJR JDUR WHQGHQFMH Z QDXFH 6WรฃG QรทOL VLรท Pฤ RG]L SUDFRZQLF\ QDXNL ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLH SUREOHPDPL SRV]XNXMรฃF\ FLHNDZ\FK NZHVWLL PRGHORZDQLD PDWHPDW\F]QHJR L ZรฃWNร Z XMรทรฅ L PHWRG D SU]HGH NWร UH ]QDOD]ฤ R RG]ZLHUFLHGOHQLH ZV]\VWNLP SRPRF\ Z VWDZLDQLX Z KDELOLWDFML '\QDPLND SURFHVร Z RUD] UR]ZLรฃ]\ZDQLX Zฤ DVQ\FK UHDOQ\FK Z SU]HGVLรทELRUVWZLH SUREOHPร Z QDXNRZ\FK 6SUDZ\ KDQGORZ\P $( .UDNร Z 8F]HOQL E\ฤ \ GOD QLHJR ]DZV]H : Sร ล QLHMV]\P RNUHVLH MHJR SULRU\WHWHP SRGREQLH MDN L VSUDXZDJรท SU]\NXฤ QXUW QHRLQVW\Z\ GQLD G]LVLHMV]HJR L SU]\V]ฤ RฤณFL WXFMRQDOQ\ D Z V]F]HJร OQRฤณFL .DWHGU\ :V]\VF\ NRU]\VWDOLฤณP\ WHRULD NRV]Wร Z WUDQVDNF\MQ\FK KRMQLH ] MHJR LQVSLUDFML ZVND]Dฤก ]D SUDFH Z WHM G]LHG]LQLH ZLHG]\ RUD] NRUHNW QDZHW PDMรฃF ฤณZLD2 :LOOLDPVRQ RWU]\PDฤ Z GRPRฤณรฅ LFK ]QDF]QHJR VWRSQLD URNX 1DJURGรท 1REOD (IHNWHP WUXGQRฤณFL %\ฤ PLVWU]HP DEVWUDNW\FK ]DLQWHUHVRZDฤก E\ฤ R SRGMรทFLH F\MQHJR L V\QWHW\F]QHJR P\ฤณOHQLD Z URNX WHPDWX EDGDZF]HJR

2VRELฤณFLH ZLHOH ]DZG]LรทF]DP -DQNRZL %\ฤ HP -HJR VWXGHQWHP D Sร ล QLHM ZLHUQ\P XF]QLHP -HJR eILOR]RILL NDULHU\ QDXNRZHMr Z ร ZF]HVQ\FK UHDOLDFK 8F]HOQL :6( 7R 2Q SRSDUฤ PRMรฃ RVREรท QD VWDQRZLVNR DV\VWHQWD VWDล \VW\ Z =DNฤ DG]LH 7HRULL 2EURWX 7RZDURZHJR ,QVW\WXW (NRQRPLNL 2EURWX 7RZDURZHJR :6( GDMรฃF W\P VDP\P JZDUDQFMรท PRMHJR UR]ZRMX QDXNRZHJR 2Q WHล ZVND]Dฤ PL Jฤ ร ZQH ZDUWRฤณFL DOH L RJUDQLF]HQLD Z NDULHU]H QDXNRZHM NWร UH WRZDU]\V]\ฤ \ PL SU]H] ZLHOH ODW Z SUDF\ QD 8F]HOQL 3UDFXMรฃF ] QLP Z Uร ล Q\FK ]HVSRฤ DFK QDXNRZR EDGDZF]\FK ZLHORNURWQLH ]DXZDล \ฤ HP -HJR QLHXNU\ZDQรฃ VDW\VIDNFMรท ] VXNFHVX LQQ\FK -DN QLNW LQQ\ ]QDฤ PHQWDOQRฤณรฅ QDV]\FK V]HIร Z NLHURZQLNร Z ]HVSRฤ ร Z ZVND]XMรฃF QDP VSRVRE\ XQLNDQLD WUXGQRฤณFL L SRWHQFMDOQ\FK NRQIOLNWร Z ] QLPL 1LHNWร U]\ VWZLHUG]LOLE\ ePDONRQWHQW SHV\PLVWD QLHGRZLDUHNr DOH MD WDN MDN L LQQL SUDFRZQLF\ .DWHGU\ ]QDOLฤณP\ GREU]H MHJR DXWHQW\F]QH WDN GOD QDV ZDORU\ RVRELVWH 7DN ZVSRPLQD 3DQD 3URIHVRUD GU -DQ 3LQGDNLHZLF] %DUG]R JR FHQLฤ HP MDNR DXWRUD ZDล Q\FK L VROLGQLH XGRNXPHQWRZDQ\FK WHNVWร Z L EDUG]R VNURPQHJR L FLHSฤ HJR F]ฤ RZLHND 3R]D ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDPL ]DZRGRZ\PL OXELฤ L E\ฤ ]QDZFรฃ PX]\NL SRZDล QHM F]\WDฤ ILOR]RIร Z VWDURล \WQ\FK D XSDOQH OHWQLH GQL OXELฤ VSรทG]Dรฅ QDG MH]LRUDPL ] GDOD RG F\ZLOL]DFML JG]LH VSRNRMQLH Pร Jฤ VLรท RGGDZDรฅ VZRLP SDVMRP t F]\WDQLX L ]ELHUDQLX JU]\Eร Z -HJR RGHMฤณFLH SR]RVWDZL Z QDV]\P ฤณURGRZLVNX GRWNOLZรฃ L WUXGQรฃ GR ]DSHฤ QLHQLD OXNรท

SURI GU KDE Andrzej Szromnik .DWHGUD +DQGOX L ,QVW\WXFML 5\QNRZ\FK

69





Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.