Increasing student learning

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;Q =#96#((&/$(** @00#'2&P#$#(()* 8.%4*9%4*21./#* Random-effects GLS regression Group variable: id_escola R-sq: within = 0.7187 between = 0.4285 overall = 0.5620 corr(u_i, X)

= 0 (assumed)

##

Average math score 5th grade

P0+5$#

12009 12011 municipal Municipal*12009 Municipal*12011 Morning shift proportion Number of students by class Socioeconomic status Number of classes _cons

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Number of obs Number of groups Obs per group: min avg max Wald chi2(9) Prob > chi2

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2231 811 1 2.8 3 3901.77 0.0000

##

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:31%,2,#)#*9%4*21./#* Random-effects GLS regression Group variable: id_escola R-sq: within = 0.6294 between = 0.4852 overall = 0.5152 corr(u_i, X)

Number of obs Number of groups Obs per group: min avg max Wald chi2(9) Prob > chi2

= 0 (assumed)

Average portuguese score 5th grade

## P0+5$#

12009

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2231 811 1 2.8 3 2979.75 0.0000

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Number of obs Number of groups Obs per group: min avg max Wald chi2(9) Prob > chi2

= 0 (assumed)

Average math score 9th grade

## P0+5$#

12009

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1328 474 1 2.8 3 876.35 0.0000

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:31%,2,#)#*;%4*21./#* Random-effects GLS regression Group variable: id_escola R-sq: within = 0.3037 between = 0.6389 overall = 0.5497 corr(u_i, X)

Number of obs Number of groups Obs per group: min avg max Wald chi2(9) Prob > chi2

= 0 (assumed)

Average portuguese score 9th grade 12009 12011 municipal Municipal*12009 Municipal*12011 Morning shift proportion Number of students by class Socioeconomic status Number of classes _cons

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= = = = = = =

1328 474 1 2.8 3 1045.71 0.0000

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@VA&2?*,$%*K6##*=&%&$9* 8.%4*9%4*21./#* Random-effects GLS regression Group variable: id_escola R-sq: within = 0.6532 between = 0.4465 overall = 0.5414 corr(u_i, X)

= 0 (assumed)

Average math score 5th grade After municipal Municipal*after Morning shift proportion Number of classes (size) Size*after Size*municipal Size*municipal*after Number of students by class Ses*after Socioeconomic status (ses) Ses*municipal Ses*municipal*after _cons

=.# !

!

Number of obs Number of groups Obs per group: min avg max Wald chi2(16) Prob > chi2

= = = = = = =

2231 811 1 2.8 3 4189.37 0.0000

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:31%,2,#)#*9%4*21./#* Random-effects GLS regression Group variable: id_escola R-sq: within = 0.6121 between = 0.4924 overall = 0.5197 corr(u_i, X)

Number of obs Number of groups Obs per group: min avg max Wald chi2(16) Prob > chi2

= 0 (assumed)

Av. Portuguese score 5th After municipal Municipal*after Morning shift proportion Number of classes (size) Size*after Size*municipal Size*municipal*after Number of students by class Ses*after Socioeconomic status (ses) Ses*municipal Ses*municipal*after _cons

P0+5$# G0)4,1#EQ$# N>H$"@@# .$">@# N.$A=D# "$!="# D"$@!H# .$"=># A$A"A# >$A.D# @$=D@# >$=::# A$>!@# >$:=H# N@$:.!# >$HD@# A$>=@# >$:.=# NA$AA@# A$A=.# @D$==A# D$D.@# >>$H"@# @$@""# @$:>"# @$D>># N@@$A@"# D$=>@# >..$.H@# "$D:@#

= = = = = = =

2231 811 1 2.8 3 3749.25 0.0000

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*

8.%4*;%4*21./#* Random-effects GLS regression Group variable: id_escola R-sq: within = 0.1075 between = 0.6116 overall = 0.4857 corr(u_i, X)

= 0 (assumed)

Average math score 9th After municipal Municipal*after Morning shift proportion Number of classes (size) Size*after Size*municipal Size*municipal*after Number of students by class Ses*after Socioeconomic status (ses) Ses*municipal Ses*municipal*after _cons

!

Number of obs Number of groups Obs per group: min avg max Wald chi2(16) Prob > chi2

= = = = = = =

1328 474 1 2.8 3 833.74 0.0000

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* :31%,2,#)#*;%4*21./#* Random-effects GLS regression

Number of obs

=

1328

Group variable: id_escola

Number of groups

=

474

R-sq:

= 0.2824

Obs per group: min =

1

between = 0.6436

avg =

2.8

overall = 0.5531

max =

3

Wald chi2(16)

=

1180.46

Prob > chi2

=

0.0000

within

corr(u_i, X)

= 0 (assumed)

##

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;Q =#96#((&/$*/A"A2* ^&$\*-#2I##$*9#22&$9*2G#*-/$A(*,$%*G&9G*('G//.*#$6/..<#$2* Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression Coefficients: generalized least squares ## Panels: heteroskedastic ## Correlation: no autocorrelation ## Estimated covariances = 306 Estimated autocorrelations = 0 Estimated coefficients = 5

Proportion of secondary education enrollment

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Bonus(=1 if obtained) Average score in 9th grade in 2007 Socioeconomic status School size _cons

##

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# Fixed-effects (within) regression Group variable: id_escola

Number of obs Number of groups

= =

465 315

R-sq:

Obs per group: min = avg = max =

1 1.5 2

within = 0.3054 between = 0.0745 overall = 0.1084

corr(u_i, Xb)

F(2,148) Prob > F

= -0.0159

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Number of obs Wald chi2(4) Prob > chi2 Pseudo R2

Log pseudolikelihood = -138.21735

Bonus Previous average score in 5th grade Previous average score in 9th grade Number of classes (average 2009/2011) Socioeconomic status (average 2009/2011) _cons

## b88,#G&1(0#

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# Linear regression

Bonus Previous average score in 5th grade Previous average score in 9th grade Number of classes (average 2009/2011) Socioeconomic status (average 2009/2011) _cons

Number of obs F( 4, 212) Prob > F R-squared

= = = =

217 1.76 0.1376 0.0320

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# C$$31/&(2*%3*)3$&3#$3(37&$*)%.%,)*.(/*)$4335*)&6#D* In 2009 Logistic regression# # # Log pseudolikelihood = -521.23419

Bonus Socioeconomic status Number of classes _cons

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Number of obs # # Wald chi2(2) Prob > chi2 Pseudo R2

= = = =

#

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Number of obs F( 2, 870) Prob > F R-squared

## Bonus

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P0+5$#

Socioeconomic status Number of classes _cons

##

##

= = = =

##

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# In 2011# #

Logistic regression

Log pseudolikelihood = -590.49409

Bonus Socioeconomic status Number of classes _cons

# Number

of obs # Wald chi2(2) Prob > chi2 Pseudo R2

= = = =

878 16.18 0.0003 0.0141

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Bonus Socioeconomic status Number of classes _cons

Number of obs F( 2, 875) Prob > F R-squared

## P0+5$#

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H/&(#*&$*(<,..*('G//.(`*,P#6,9#*('/6#*


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