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10. Ishaan Tharoor, ‘The Manila floods: why wasn’t the city prepared?’, Time.com, 29 September 2009. 11. See James Lewis, section 5.3 in this volume. 12. Lynda B. Valencia, ‘Driving development through progressive public works projects’, Positive News Media, 28 December 2009, at http://positivenewsmedia.net/am2/publish/Main_ News_1/Driving_development_through_progressive_public_works_projects.shtml. 13. See Shay Cullen, ‘The Scourge of Climate Change’, Impact, vol. 43 (2009), p. 11. 14. Aries Rufo, ‘P1-B flood warning system wasted due to neglect’, ABS-CBNnews.com, 7 October 2009. 15. Allison Lopez, ‘MMDA: flood control system working: operational but obsolete P1.1-B equipment’, Philippine Daily Inquirer, 11 October 2009. 16. Ador Paglinawan, ‘Paradox’s tell all: typhoon-caused deaths and destruction were not God’s acts but were results of criminal negligence’, Mabuhay Radio (Philippines), 25 October 2009. 17. Philippine Star, ‘Hindrance to disaster preparedness’, 8 October 2009. 18. Ibid. 19. The excessive control that the executive has over the country’s finances, without adequate oversight, has led to high levels of corruption. In contrast to the ‘graft-ridden’ pork barrel, which averaged P8 billion from 2004 to 2008, appropriations under the control of the president in 2009 amounted to P224.44 billion, equivalent to 16 per cent of the national budget. See Philip Tubeza, ‘Graft due to Palace “holding power of purse”’, Inquirer.net (Philippines), 21 May 2009. 20. Philippine Star, 8 October 2009.
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