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Country reports: Europe and Central Asia
global and international companies contribute to this trend. While Israel still has a long way to go and is still at an early stage, it is moving in the right direction. Susanne Tam (TI Israel)
Additional reading E. Bukspan and A Kasher, ‘Ethics in Business Organizations: Legal and Moral Considerations’, IDC Law Review, vol. 2, no. 2 (2005).
J. Cory, Selected Issues in Business Ethics and Social Responsibility [in Hebrew] (Jerusalem: Magnes, 2008). D. Navot (supervised by Mordechai Kremnitzer), Political Corruption, vol. I, A History of a Controversial Concept [in Hebrew] (Jerusalem: Israel Democracy Institute, 2008). R. Wolf, Ethics is Good for Business (Jerusalem: Rubin Mass Ltd, 2008). TI Israel: www.ti-israel.org.
Lithuania
Corruption Perceptions Index 2008: 4.6 (58th out of 180 countries) Conventions Council of Europe Civil Law Convention on Corruption (signed April 2002; ratified January 2003) Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (signed January 1999; ratified March 2002) UN Convention against Corruption (signed December 2003; ratified December 2006) UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (signed December 2000; ratified May 2002)
Legal and institutional changes ● In July 2008 the government submitted a new National Anti-corruption Programme1 for 2008–2013 for consideration in parliament.2 Following a largely ineffective previous
National Anti-corruption Programme, the new document is a welcome development.3 It remains to be seen what changes parliament will make and how effective they will be, but there are a number of visible shortcomings. In its current form, the programme
1 Lithuanian News Agency, 15 April 2008. 2 See www.lrv.lt/teises_aktai/files/2008/07/11081.doc. 3 In spring 2008 TI Lithuania organised a public discussion regarding the draft National Anti-corruption Programme.