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political financing 14, 21, 51, 68–9, 70, 71, 77, 79–83, 133, 144, 160, 177, 180, 181–2, 253–5; see also campaign finance; elections political will 1–2, 3, 67–8, 172–4, 227, 238, 251–2 Portugal 69, 322 poverty 15–16, 96, 143, 157, 227 private sector 20, 64, 85, 88, 98, 122–4, 128, 145, 154, 159–62, 166–7, 174–5, 187, 209–11, 234–5, 237, 243, 244, 255–7, 266–8, 312 disclosure of information 33–42, 77, 210, 255; governance 64, 80–2, 147, 162, 174–5, 255–6 privatisation 70, 109–10, 122–3, 177, 185, 198, 215, 224, 256–7 procurement 71, 133, 141–2, 150, 177, 184–5, 193, 207, 218, 228, 243 public works see construction records management 19, 21 Romania 46, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 278, 314 Russian Federation 54, 116, 165, 166–7, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 268, 278–81, 312 Rwanda 229, 234, 235, 238 Saudi Arabia 45, 210, 211, 212 Senegal 215, 217, 220, 221, 224, 269–70 September 11th 4, 65, 75, 86, 150, 153, 239 and money laundering 3, 64, 78, 204; and transparency 11–12, 45; see also ‘war against terrorism’ Singapore 16, 40, 135, 140–2, 144–5, 148–50, 152 Slovakia 178, 181, 183, 184, 185, 186, 278 Slovenia 178, 179, 181, 188, 278 soccer 110–11, 134, 135 South Africa 17, 271, 252–3, 255–6, 257, 258 South Korea 25–6, 30, 128, 129, 130, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138 Southern African Development Community (SADC), anti-corruption protocol 250–1 Stability Pact Anti-corruption Initiative (SPAI) 190, 191–2, 196, 199, 200 Sweden 8, 18 Switzerland 70, 72, 74, 134 Taiwan 118, 128, 129, 130, 132, 136, 137, 138, 253 Tajikistan 166, 167 326
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Tanzania 229, 238, 240, 241, 243, 244 taxation 9, 25, 107, 118, 160, 231–2, 243, 315 telecommunications 70, 110, 177, 182, 224, 252 Thailand 57, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 312 Togo 52, 222, 223, 310, 312 traffic police see police trust 3, 5–6, 13–14, 21, 90, 103, 111, 129–30, 188, 278–81 Ukraine 165–6, 168, 172, 173 United Nations (UN) 61, 70, 95, 105, 179, 192, 197, 205, 216, 229, 238–9, 251, 306, 310, 313 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 143, 166, 167, 179, 216, 232, 245 United States 3, 8, 14, 16–7, 39–40, 45, 51, 77–9, 83–4, 88, 91, 92, 104, 121, 167, 169, 216, 268, 322 anti-terrorism measures 11–2, 16–7, 77, 78, 86, 204; private sector 84–5, 266; see also Enron United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 105, 191, 196, 204 Uruguay 105, 273, 282–3 Venezuela 73, 105, 108, 112 wages 170, 184, 289–90, 292–3 ‘war against terrorism’ 4, 16–17, 21, 45, 64, 77, 86, 192, 239 whistleblowers 1, 13, 17, 84, 117, 135, 200 protection 21, 39, 70, 136, 138, 250, 301 Wolfsberg Principles 38; see also money laundering World Bank 5, 34, 49, 54, 61, 67, 84–5, 92, 96, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 141, 143, 155, 165–6, 167, 169, 179, 192, 193, 194, 197, 204, 210, 218–9, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232, 235, 245, 262, 302, 306, 307 disclosure policy 11, 57 Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of 190, 191, 192, 193, 196, 198, 199, 200, 285 Zambia 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 256–7 Zimbabwe 13, 57, 248, 249, 251, 253–5, 256, 258–9