TorontoHye #113 March 2015

Ä. î³ñÇ ÂÇõ 5 (113), زðî 2015 Øß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, ÀÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ²Ûɳ½³Ý ä³ñµ»ñ³Ã»ñÃ

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27 ö»ïñáõ³ñÇÝ, ·³Ý³ï³Ñ³Û »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹³Ï³Ý »õ áõë³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ÙÇáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÁ óáõó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Éáõé µáÕáùÇ ³ñï³Û³Ûïáõû³Ùµ ¹ÇÙ³õáñ»óÇÝ ÂáñáÝÃáÛÇ Ð³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇÝ Ù¿ç ¹³ë³Ëûë»Éáõ Ññ³õÇñáõ³Í, гÛáó ò»Õ³ëå³Ýáõû³Ý ÷³ëïÁ áõñ³óáÕ ¹³ë³ËûëÝ»ñ Ö³ëÃÇÝ ØÁù³ñÃÇÇÝ »õ äñáõë ü¿ÛÝÇÝ: ºñÏáõ áõñ³óáÕ ¹³ë³ËûëÝ»ñáõÝ Éë³ñ³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ, 70¿ ³õ»ÉÇ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹Ý»ñ, áïùÇ »É³Ý »õ Çñ»Ýó ÏéݳÏÁ ¹³ñÓáõóÇÝ ½áÛ· ËûëáÕÝ»ñáõÝ, »ñµ ³ÝáÝù ëÏë³Ý Çñ»Ýóª §Ð³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ². ä³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ 100³Ù»³Ï- سñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ï³é³å³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ÐÇõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ²Ý³ÃáÉdzÛÇ Ù¿ç¦ í»ñï³éáõû³Ùµ »õ гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Ù»ñÅáÕ ÝÇõÃÁ: ´áÕáùÁ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáÕÝ»ñÝ ¿ÇÝ ÐÚ¸ ¶³Ý³ï³ÛÇ Ð³Û ºñÇï³ë³ñ¹³ó ¸³ßݳÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ, ÐÚ¸ ²ñÙ¿Ý ¶³ñû àõë³Ýáå³Ï³Ý ØÇáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ Ð³Û àõë³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ØÇáõÃÇõÝÁ: ¸³ë³ËûëÝ»ñÁ å³Ñ ÙÁ ³Ý×ñÏ»ó³Ý »õ ϳݷݻóáõóÇÝ Ó»éݳñÏÁ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ »ñµ áëïÇϳÝáõÃÇõÝÁ áñáß»ó, áñ µáÕáùÁ Ï°ÇÛÝ³Û ËûëùÇ ³½³ïáõû³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç »õ ãÇ Ë³Ý·³ñ»ñ Ó»éݳñÏÇÝ ÁÝóóùÁ, ³ÝáÝù ß³ñáõݳϻóÇÝ Çñ»Ýó µ³Ý³ËûëáõÃÇõÝÁ: ²ÝÙÇç³å¿ë »ïù, Ñ³Û »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹Ý»ñÁ ϳñ·³å³Ñûñ¿Ý Ñ»é³ó³Ý ëñ³Ñ¿Ý, áõñ ÙݳóÇÝ ÙdzÛÝ »ñÏáõ ï³ëÝ»³Ï Ý»ñϳݻñ: ²Ûë Ù³ëÇÝ ï»ëݻɪ ¾ç 22:

Volume 10, No. 5 (113), MARCH 2015 Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper

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زðî 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113

زðî 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113

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20th Anniversary of the Armenian Embassy in Canada Dear Friends, 20 years ago today the Embassy of the Republic of Armenia to Canada opened its doors.

On March 1, 1995, the newly-independent Armenia established the Embassy in Canada, in the second wave of the opening of Armenian diplomatic representations throughout the world, which was an important milestone in Armenian-Canadian relations.

At first the Embassy was situated in a small office space on Albert Street Business Centre of Ottawa. In a short while, however, with the support of Armenian benefactors from USA and Canada, the current building of the Embassy was bought and renovated. The new premises were located on the UNESCO designated World Heritage site of Rideau Canal, on 7 Delaware Avenue. The building itself, built in 1908, received a Heritage Designation status from the city of Ottawa on the 100th anniversary of its foundation and now, during Ottawa s Open Doors days, we receive hundreds of visitors, who get acquainted with the history of Armenia, as well as the Embassy.

We have gone a long way in these twenty years; had both, successes and obstacles on our way. But I can state today, that ArmenianCanadian relations are on a high level. The increasing number of mutual visits leaves a positive footprint on our bilateral relations.

The Canadian authorities show understanding of Armenian positions, its political and economic situation and that creates an opportunity for frank dialogue and helps us to move towards stronger and even more comprehensive relations.

We are grateful to Canada for the recognition of Armenian Genocide on legislative and executive levels. We are

grateful as well for Canada s continuous efforts towards prevention of genocide, an embodiment of which is the Canadian Museum of Human Rights in Winnipeg, that has an exhibition dedicated to one of the most heinous crimes against mankind the Armenian Genocide.

Armenian-Canadian economic relations are on the rise, as well. If during the first decade of the establishment of Armenian Embassy trade relations were limited to the mining industry, today we have cooperation in High Technologies, jewelry, textiles, meat products, real estate and others. The scope of trade and economic relations will be expanding and it will be more diverse and comprehensive in the future.

In 2008 my country embarked on a very important mission to become a full member of International Organization of la Francophonie, which was accomplished in 2012. As Canada s Minister for la Francophonie Bernard Valcourt stated in his congratulatory message Canada fully supported Armenia s candidacy to become an associate member of l Organisation internationale de la Francophonie at the Québec Summit in 2008. We are now happy to welcome Armenia as a full member.

Armenia has demonstrated its commitment to the values and objectives of the organization in education and science, as well as in the artistic, media and cultural arenas.

In general, our two countries have registered great understanding and mutual support in the international arena.

I must express my gratitude to the Armenian community of Canada. CanadianArmenians are the bridge, which connects our two nations. Iconic figures like Yousuf Karsh, Atom Egoyan, Arsinée Khandjian, Peter Oundjian, Isabel Bayrakdarian and others are

Armenian Embassy building in Ottawa

the pride of both nations. Armenians of Canada, who are deeply integrated into the community and are exemplary citizens of this country, keep the good name of Armenians high on the other side of the ocean and immensely contribute to the development of Armenian-Canadian relations. During these two decades we have always felt your support, your longing for the Fatherland and the constant desire to help Armenia. In this regard we are grateful to the Armenian organizations and unions of Canada.

Dear friends, I am sure, that in the decades to come we will achieve new heights in the ArmenianCanadian relations.

I am attaching to my address a press release on the establishment of the Armenian Embassy, disseminated 20 years ago by the first Ambassador of the Republic of Armenia to Canada, Garnik Nanagulian.

Armen Yeganian

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Ð.Ø.À.Ø. ¶³Ý³ï³ÛÇ ßñç³ÝÁ ³éÇÃÁ áõÝ»ó³õ Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ Ð.Ø.À.Ø.Ç Ð³ñ³õ³ÛÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇ 10ñ¹ Þñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ´³Ý³ÏáõÙÇÝ: ²Ûë ³éÇÃÁ ëï»ÕÍáõ»ó³õ ßÝáñÑÇõ Ð.Ø.À.Ø.Ç Ð³ñ³õ³ÛÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇ Þñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ì³ñãáõû³Ý Ññ³õ¿ñÇÝ: Þñç³ÝÁ Ù³ëݳÏó»ó³õ »ñ»ù »Õµ³ÛñÝ»ñáí »õ »ñÏáõ ùáÛñ»ñáí, áñáÝù Ù³ë ÏÁ ϳ½Ù»Ý Ð.Ø.À.Ø.Ç ÂáñáÝÃáÛÇ Ù³ëݳ×ÇõÕÇ ËÙµ³å»ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½ÙÇÝ: ´³Ý³ÏáõÙÁ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³õ ä³ñÇÉáã¿ ù³Õ³ùÇÝ Ù¿ç, áñ ÏÁ ·ïÝáõÇ ²ñųÝÃÇÝ, ÚáõÝáõ³ñ 5-14: ´³Ý³ÏáõÙÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»ó³Ý äáõ»Ýáë ²Ûñ¿ëÇ, ¶áñïáå³ÛÇ »õ ØáÝÿíÇïÇáÛÇ Ù³ëݳ×ÇõÕ»ñÁ »õ Ù»Ýùª ¶³Ý³ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕÝ»ñë: ´³Ý³ÏáõÙÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏóáÕÝ»ñáõÝ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÃÇõÝ ¿ñ 182: Ø»Ýù ³ñ¹¿Ý »Õµ³Ûñ³Ï³Ý »õ ÙÇáõÃ»Ý³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ï, ɳõ »õ ½ûñ³õáñ ϳå»ñ áõÝ¿ÇÝù г-

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Ð.Ø.À.Ø.Ç Ð³ñ³õ³ÛÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇ Þñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ´³Ý³ÏáõÙÇÝ ÂáñáÝÃáÛÇ ËÙµ³å»ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½ÙÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ

¿ñ §²ñ¹³ñáõÃÇõÝÁ Ù»ñ ѳñóÁ, êϳáõïáõÃÇõÝÁ Ù»ñ ÙÇçáóÁ¦: ´³Ý³ÏáõÙÇÝ µÝ³µ³ÝÁ Ï»¹ñáݳó³Í ¿ñ гÛáó ò»Õ³ëå³Ýáõû³Ý 100ñ¹ ï³ñ»ÉÇóÇÝ

íñ³Û, áñ ѳëï³ïáõ³Í ¿ñ µ³Ý³ÏáõÙÇÝ Ý߳ݳµ³Ýáí »õ 100³Ù»³ÏÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ÝÇß ³ÝÙáéáõÏáí: Ü߳ݳµ³ÝÇÝ ÙÇïÞ³ñ. ï»ë ¿ç 12

ÂàðàÜÂàÐ²Ú Îº²Üø

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Ñ»ï åÇïÇ ÁÉÉ³Ý Ýáñ êáõñÇ³Ý Ï»ñïáÕÝ»ñÁ¦, ѳëï³ï³Í ¿ Ðñ³½¹³Ý ÂáùÙ³×»³Ýª ³Ï³¹»ÙdzÛÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÁ: òáõó³Ñ³Ý¹¿ëÇ µ³óÙ³Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û ¿ñ ݳ»õ ê÷ÇõéùÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ Ðñ³ÝáÛß Ú³Ïáµ»³Ý, áñáõÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, ëáõñÇ³Ñ³Û »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñáõÝ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ³Ý·³Ù ÙÁ »õë ÏÁ íÏ³Û»Ý Ñ³ÛáõÝ ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ »õ ³ñ³ñáÕ ¿áõû³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ: §Ðá·Ç¹ ³É»ÏáÍõáõÙ ¿ ³Ûë ÝϳñÝ»ñÁ ݳۻÉÇë: ºõ »ñÏáõ ½·³óáõÙ ¿ ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ. ³é³çÇÝ, áñ ³Ûë »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÝ Çñ»Ýó íñ³Û ÁÝÏÝáÕ éáõÙµ»ñÇ, Ïñ³ÏÇ »õ ó³õÇ Ù¿ç ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ »Ý ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ»É, Ýϳñ»É »õ Çñ»Ýó Ñá·áõ ×ÇãÝ áõ ³åñáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³ñï³Û³Ûï»É: ºõ »ñÏñáñ¹Á, áñ, Çëϳå¿ë, Ù»½ Ñݳñ³õáñ ã¿ Ïïñ»É Ù»ñ ¿áõÃÇõÝÇó, ù³Ý½Ç ѳÛÁ ÇÝãåÇëÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ¿É »Õ»É ¿, ÙÇ»õÝáÛÝ ¿, áñ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ¿ ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ»É áõ ³ñ³ñ»É¦, Áë³Í ¿ ݳ˳ñ³ñÁª ³õ»ÉóÝ»Éáí. §ºñµ å³ïÙáõÙ ¿ÇÝ, 1915 Ãáõ³Ï³ÝÇÝ î¿ñ ¼ûñÇ ³Ý³å³ïÝ»ñáõÙ Ù»ñ Ù³Ûñ»ñÁ §³Ûµ, µ»Ý, ·ÇÙ¦ »Ý ëáíáñ»óñ»É »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ, ¹³ ³Ýѳõ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿ñ ÃõáõÙ: êÇñdzÛáõÙ å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ³ñѳõÇñùÝ»ñÇ Ù¿ç ³åñáÕ ëÇñÇ³Ñ³Û »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ³Ûë ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ·³ÉÇë »Ý íϳۻÉáõ Ù»ñ ³½·Ç ÉÇÝ»Éáõû³Ý »õ Û³õ»ñÅáõû³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ:

Dr. Raffi Aynaciyan braces for children and adults

D.D.S., M.Cl.D., F.R.C.D.(C)

Orthodontist Richmond Hill (Hillcrest Mall): 9350 Yonge Street, Suite 216 905-884-4161 North York: 3333 Bayview Avenue, Suite 203 416-221-0660 Downtown Toronto: 11 King Street West, Suite C115 416-363-3018

¶ñ»ó¿ù Ù»½Ç

Ara Graphics

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§ÂáñáÝÃáѳۦ Çñ ÁÝûñóáÕÝ»ñ¿Ý ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå¿ë ݳ»õ ËÙµ³·ñáõû³Ý áõÕÕáõ³Í ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñ ÏÁ ëï³Ý³Û Ù»ù»Ý³·ñáõ³Í »õ áõÕÕáõ³Í Ñ»ï»õ»³É »É»ÏïñáÝÇù ѳëó¿Çݪ Email: torontohye@gmail.com

êàôðƲвÚàôÂÆôÜ

г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÐÇõå³ïáëÁ ȳóùdz ºõ ø»ë³å ²Ûó»É³Í ¾

ø»ë³åÇ Ð³Û ²õ»ï³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý »Ï»Õ»óÇÝ

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زðî 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113

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2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113 16 Ä.زðî

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HomeLife / Vision

Realty Inc.-Realtor Member

Rimound Babaian A.Argiti Cell: 416-897-8261 Sales Representative

LD

SO

Office: 416-383-1828

Independently owned and operated

$ 1,053,000.00

$ 424,500.00

S

D L O

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2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113 18 Ä.زðî

¶Ç￱Çù ÿ ³ÕÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÁ ·ñ»Ã¿ ÝáÛÝÝ »Ý »õ ϳ˻³Éª ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ï³ï³ñ³Í ÁÝïñáõûݿÝ

´³ñ»õ« »ë ×áÝ ø¿ÛÝÝ »Ùª R.S.Kane Funeral Home-Ç Ý³Ë³·³ÑÁ: ºÃ¿ Û³õ»É»³É û·Ýáõû³Ý å¿ïù áõÝÇù« Ëݹñ»Ù ϳåáõ»ó¿ù Ù»½Ç Ñ»ï Ð»é© 416-221-1159 γ٠e-mail: info@rskane.ca

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2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113 20 Ä.زðî

زðî 2015 Ä. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113

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2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113 22 Ä.زðî

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

AYF Toronto Members Turn Their Backs on Genocide Deniers at University of Toronto

photo by Ishkhan Ghazarian

On February 27, Armenian youth held a silent protest at a lecture entitled WWI 100th Anniversary-Human Suffering in Eastern Anatolia, featuring genocide deniers Justin McCarthy and Bruce Fein. The lecture, organized by the Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations, was held at the University of Toronto (UofT), St. George Campus.

The Armenian Youth Federation of Canada (AYF Canada), in collaboration with the Armenian Students Association (ASA) of UofT St. George and Scarborough campuses, and the Armen Karo Student Association spearheaded this protest action.

Over 70 human rights activists from the university community, who made up the majority of those in attendance, held the silent protest by standing in unison and turning their backs to the lecturers.

Protesters allowed the speakers to deliver their opening remarks. However, when it became apparent that the speakers would deny and misconstrue the factuality of the Armenian Genocide, the group stood up and turned their backs to the podium as a silent

protest against genocide denial.

Several racial slurs and discriminatory comments were directed at the protesters as they stood in silence.

Lecture organizers briefly stopped the event, but after campus police made it clear that the form of protest did not interfere with the event, they were asked to continue.

Protesters continued standing with their backs to the podium as Fein spoke, then marched out in an organized walk-out, leaving the remaining twenty or so attendees to listen to the rest of the lecture.

The demonstrators then marched to UofT s Anti-Racism and Cultural Diversity Office to voice their concern regarding the event, and to deliver a petition of over 2,000 signatures denouncing the event and demanding that the university distance itself from the organizers and speakers. The group had previously sent to the university a letter signed by academics, human rights groups, and student associations, including Hillel of Greater Toronto, the Greek Students Association of UofT-Scarborough, and the Hellenic Students Association of Ryerson

University, demanding that this event be cancelled.

McCarthy, who was previously turned away from the University of Melbourne and Art Gallery of New South Wales in 2013, has long been regarded as a mouthpiece of the Turkish state in spreading denial of the Armenian Genocide. Fein is employed by the Turkish Coalition of America (TCA) as a resident scholar, to similarly support and propagate the Turkish denial policy of the Armenian Genocide, and has penned several articles attacking the veracity of the genocide.

AYF-Canada Chairperson Daron Keskinian said it was extremely troubling that such an event took place at UofT. As we saw today, the University of Toronto should distance itself from this event immediately. The lecture organizers have used the location to bring legitimacy to their event, and have been given free rein to present their denial propaganda at the expense of the University s reputation, said Keskinian.

The ASA of UofT released a statement stressing that the event should be disconcerting to the university community at

Toronto Artist Commemorates 100th Anniversary of Armenian Genocide

By Lara Onayak

Arleen McCallum admired the ceramics and culture of Turkey, which led her to visit the country in 2006. Her intentions were to absorb more to her artistic knowledge. But little did she know that she would be educated on a chapter of history that the country continues to deny.

O r i g i n a l l y, M c C a l l u m s motivation to paint an Armenian project, entitled Hepimiz Ermeniyiz, meaning We are all Armenians in Turkish, was following the assassination in 2007 of Hrant Dink, the editor of the Turkish Armenian newspaper Agos.

The original painting was dedicated to his legacy, said McCallum, a High Park resident and an artist.

After years of postponing the painting, she had a different vision for it.

Last year in April I realized the genocide 100-year anniversary [is next year] and thought OK I m [going to] pull that out and start working on it for the genocide commemoration, she said.

To e n h a n c e o n h e r understanding of the Armenian Genocide and Hrant Dink s

High Park artist Arleen McCallum s painting commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide.

assassination, McCallum began to read Armenian American writer and poet Peter Balakian s works and credits him for her knowledge of the

events.

Her work displays symbols that highlight Armenian culture and history, including Mount Ararat, the

large.

In the interest of maintaining its integrity and making amends for this event taking place on campus, the University of Toronto s President s Office should release a statement indicating that they distance themselves from this event. The Armenian Genocide is taught at this institution and the University of Toronto should not provide podiums to those who are looking to legitimize their denial of the first genocide of the twentieth century, read the statement.

2015 marks the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide and is being commemorated globally by countless organizations and governments. In 2004, the Canadian Parliament passed a resolution acknowledging the Armenian Genocide and condemning it as a crime against humanity.

Founded in 1934, the Armenian Youth Federation of Canada is the largest and most influential Armenian-Canadian youth organization, working to advance the social, political, educational and cultural awareness among Armenian-Canadian youth.

Armenian cross and Armenia s flag.

She also uses symbols related to the Armenian Genocide without using barbaric images.

There are very important archival photographs of the genocide, such as a mother mourning her child and Armenians being marched in an order to along Turkey.

Many images reveal survivors stories, including painter Arshile Gorky and Aurora Arshaluys Mardiganian s arrival to the U.S. The different materials used in her work symbolize the placement and dimension of each image. Lace, for instance, is either laid flat or folded under each image.

Both Armenian and Turkish flags are depicted in McCallum s piece. She uses foil stars and the moon to demonstrate the Turkish flag and a blue and purple background to demonstrate the Armenian flag, as well as the funeral processions of Hrant Dink.

When you see the work up close, you re aware of that texture, she said.

McCallum has been painting since 2000. Since then, she has worked on several projects, such see page 23

Turkish Parliament Speaker Urges Turkish Canadians to Be United (Armradio) - Turks living abroad should be more like the Armenian diaspora when it comes to standing up for their home country, a senior Turkish politician has said, World Bulletin reports.

The speaker of the Turkish parliament, Cemil Cicek, told Turkish people living in Canada that they need a more organized association.

Cicek was speaking in the Canadian capital on February 25.

There is a need to organize a lobby, to reveal a reaction if need be and to convey opinions to others, Cicek told a meeting of Turkish community representatives in Ottawa.

Cicek cited Armenians as an example of how a small number of people did much more than the many Turkish citizens living abroad.

A group of 200 Armenians apply to the parliament of the country they live in and ask for a motion on the allegations that Turks committed genocide, whereas 50,000 Turkish citizens fail to make a 500-signature petition, he said.

Cicek said divisions among Turkish associations were the reason for lack of action and called for unity.

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

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Survivor

My Great Grandfather: My hero. My inspiration

By Karoun Chahinian When Ohannes Chahinian, my great grandfather, was finally able to share his powerful story of how he survived the Armenian genocide, 69 years since the events occurred had already passed. All his haunting and shockingly vivid memories, which he suppressed for the majority of his life, were finally released on October 24, 1984, when interviewed by Vahe Yeretsian from the Armenian National Committee. At 91 years old, he recalled every vivid and terror-filled detail, even the one s he did not want to remember.

He was a young man with so much potential. Born in the city of Urfa, Turkey in 1893, he was only 21 when the genocide first began. While most men his age were thinking about marriage and starting a family, the only thing on his mind back then was survival.

The eldest of six children, three boys and three girls, Chahinian was a natural leader.

His entire life consisted of this need to escape, whether it was from the hands of a Turkish soldier telling him he was in a restricted area due to being Armenian or from the constant sense of terror felt throughout the period of massacres.

When the war began in 1914, he worked as a cook for a Gas company, which was located in a restricted region of Urfa, where he risked his life to travel to and from everyday.

This portion of his life made him realize the true value of currency. Whenever interrogated by a Turkish police officer on why he was on restricted land, the simple act of placing gold coins in between his identification papers saved his life countless times.

His gold coins earned from working under the command of powerful Turkish generals would be slipped between identification documents when questioned by authoritative figures, stealthily placed in the pockets of other citizens or soldiers in the pursuit of gaining information on the status of his loved ones, or used as security of both his own life and his family s.

Chahinian was constantly running from city to city, this made keeping in touch with his family quite difficult. In 1916, when he was returning to Urfa from Haleb, currently known as Aleppo, after travelling there in means of escaping from a Turkish police officer, he came in contact with Syrian-Armenian soldiers.

With 10 gold coins, Chahinian asked them to find out if his mother and siblings were safe and to keep them protected. Those 10 gold coins saved their lives, for after he found out that they were able to escape from Turkish soldiers and were protected by the Syrian government due to the money. His sense of relief from knowing his mother and siblings were alive and well was instantly terminated when he was given the news of his father s death from a stranger. His father, Boghos

Chahinian, was hung during the 45 day war in Urfa in 1916. He wasn t even given the chance to say goodbye.

Around the same time, his uncle on his father s side was also killed. 68 years later, Chahinian still couldn t shake the gruesome image of him having to cover his uncle s lifeless body with dried grape branches, gasoline, and then set him on fire out of his memory. He struggled to get the words out and was choking on his own tears when describing the image to Yeretsian during the interview. At the age of 23, he experienced more tragedies than most people do in a lifetime.

With no choice but to keep moving forward, even after the tragedies he bared witness to, he continued to travel back to Urfa and was finally reunited with his mother and siblings. The reunion was abruptly interrupted by three powerful knocks on their front door which changed his life forever. The sound of the knocks continued to echo through Chahinian s head even decades after he first heard them. His mother, Khalam, opened the door and saw a group of Turkish soldiers standing on her door step. As Chahinian went to his mother s side to see what was wrong, they demanded for him to go with them. Tears instantly started streaming down his mother s face, and his only reaction was to comfort her and convince her that everything was going to be alright even though he wasn t so sure himself. He did not have time be scared.

Since that moment, he was never able to settle down in a single place. His life consisted of serving and cooking for powerful Turkish generals, never the same one for a long period of time. His intelligence was what made him survive throughout his dangerous journey.

Along the way, he was forced to change his name and create fake Muslim documents in order to survive. By taking on the name Mahmed Zecky, he was able to slip through the strong, life threatening grips of many Turkish soldiers and police officers. While he refused to convert and abandon his Catholic Armenian roots, he portrayed himself as a Muslim in order to live.

What made him develop such a strong sense of pride and loyalty to his culture was a tragic experience which stripped away his innocence at the age of 15 in 1908. He was engaged to a young girl at the time. The girl s father saw my great grandfather s sense of selflessness, intelligence, and integrity and knew that he was meant to be with his daughter, even after Chahinian told him he came from a poor family and had nothing to offer her. He saw past his lack of wealth and only took recognition of his heart and character.

They were engaged to be wed when Chahinian found out that his future motherin-law and her children, including his fiancé, jumped into a well hole in means of escaping

Ohannes and Khatoun Chahinian in Urfa in early 1920s.

Turkish soldiers. The mother believed that ending their own lives was more appealing than being killed by the hands of the Ottoman Turks. In refusal of changing who they are and where they come from, the mother instructed for her children to jump into the well hole and she followed behind them.

Recalling this memory during the interview brought tears to his eyes even 76 years after experiencing it. The cruelty and corruption he bared witnessed to at such a young age is unimaginable.

In 1918, his heart was broken a second time after hearing two powerful words that instantly brought tears to his eyes, Gyankuh Kezee. His mother was also killed. When he returned to Urfa, he came across a mother and her children on the street, she shared the sad news of his mother being murdered by Turkish soldiers. He hadn t seen her for two years, once again, with no goodbye.

Near the same time as his mother s death, one of Chahinian s younger sisters married a Turkish soldier. While he had many reasons to think the relationship was treasonous and immoral, my great grandfather only saw the good in his brother-in-law and stated in the interview that while the Armenian genocide was a terrible and unforgivable event, there s still goodness in the vast population of Turkey.

In 1920, a few years after his sister, Chahinian married my great grandmother Khatoun under his muslim name Mahmed.

By 1922, their eldest daughter Araxy was born. At that time, he had to leave his family to be in the army until 1924. While he did not fight in the trenches, he prepared all the meals and experienced an equal amount of terror and turmoil as the soldiers in the field due to serving powerful Turkish generals.

When he returned from war, he moved with his family to Aleppo to have a fresh start in his life. After the move, he had three more sons: Boghos in 1926, Joseph in 1931, and

the youngest, my grandfather, Bedros, in 1936. His multiple prayers to God to have his own shop to prepare and sell baked goods were answered and he worked in his store for 29 peaceful years with his family.

My great grandfather waited an entire lifetime to share his story of survival, and that is why it is an honour for me to do the same.

69 years had gone by, he had all the right words ready on the tip of his tongue and was just waiting for someone to stop and listen.

At the end of his long overdue interview, he said that he wanted to share his story because Armenia cannot be forgotten. Our rich history and culture cannot be a figment of the past. Thousands of years ago, we had an abundance of land ruled by powerful, courageous kings, where did it all go? he asked in Armenian.

Two months after the interview on December 26, my great grandfather passed away on a happy and conclusive note because he was finally able to share the story that was lingering in the pit of his stomach for 69 years.

At 91 years old, he told a story that that had the power to inspire anyone, no matter what age or background.

My great grandfather, although I did not have the privilege to meet, is one of the strongest and wisest men I know. He is a man who read the bible in Armenian 12 times in his lifetime in order to maintain his faith. He is a man who was so well known for his story telling that he was the main source of entertainment for all his friends and family during the era with no television or radio. He is a man who refused to abandon his belief system even when staring straight into the eyes of death. He is a man who risked his own life in order to keep his family safe.

I am proud to call that man my great grandfather. My hero. My inspiration. A survivor.

Their Legacy: Raising Awareness and Educating the Public to Achieve Global Recognition for Genocide Johnny Der Hovaguimian Both my maternal and paternal families witnessed the Armenian Genocide. My mother s maternal grandmother was born in Kharpert.

Her first husband was part of the Armenian resistance, and had lost his life in a battle against the Ottoman Turks during the genocide. Her second husband, who she married after the genocide was also a soldier, he had lost his wife during the genocide and was told his children had gone missing.

My maternal grandfather was born in Kharpert. Although the majority of his

family fell victim to the genocide, he along with his siblings was fortunate to escape to Aleppo. My paternal grandmother was born in the city of Ourfa. Her family was able to escape to Aleppo in time. My paternal grandfather s family, who originated from Kharpert, was not as fortunate.

The Ottoman Turks took my paternal great-grandfather and my greatgrandmother was forced to take her children and escape to Aleppo.

However, my grandfather s brother, Nizag, did not survive the long journey.

The Armenian Genocide affects my family today because we find it

hard to remember the injustices and hardships our ancestors faced during the genocide. My mother s maternal grandfather was left emotionally traumatized after the genocide. He had spent his whole life searching for his children who were presumed to be lost, but was unsuccessful.

According to my grandmother, this was the root of his constant state of frustration.

To this day, my family and I continue our search for the descendants of my lost family.

As Armenian youth, I believe it is our responsibility to raise awareness.

Many are still unaware of the events of 1915 and of Turkey s efforts to deny the Armenian Genocide. We need to educate the public to ensure they understand that the Armenian Genocide was not just a massacre, but formed part of a greater plan to exterminate the Armenian people. By continuing our efforts to raise awareness and educate the public we can achieve global recognition and receive justice for our ancestors. * Johnny Der Hovaguimian is a high school student at ARS Day School in Toronto.

Toronto Artist ... from page 22 as The Birth of Stars and Equinox . Her work has been displayed in exhibitions and galleries across Canada. She has also taught visual arts for high school students in the Peel region.

McCallum believes more can be done to spread the word, which is why she hopes to display her painting in public for educational purposes, such as a library or a board of education building.

2015 î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113 24 Ä.زðî

Photos by Chris Joly

TORONTO ARMENIANS

AYF Heated Things Up With Its 5th Annual Winterfest

The youth initiative that has quickly become a much-anticipated annual tradition for the Toronto Armenian community, celebrated its 5th year anniversary on February 6 and 7.

Despite sub-zero temperatures and heavy snowfalls, AYF Winterfest brought out an impressive number of attendees who enjoyed all the weekend had to offer.

The festival did not disappoint with its variety of live entertainment. Local band, Liquid Trio took the stage Friday night and entertained the crowd with beautiful jazz interpretations of Armenian favourites as well as original pieces. Local DJ and a Toronto favourite, DJ Armo Kidd took the stage Friday night with his signature blend of House, Electro, Mashup, Dubstep, Hip Hop, and Trap. Performing for the first time in Canada, Armenian pop sensation Martin Mkrtchyan took the stage

Friday and Saturday night bringing attendees to their feet with his upbeat songs. Finally, the legend himself, Harout Pamboukjian, headlined Saturday night's entertainment singing his crowd-pleasing favourites.

Perhaps what people look forward to the most is the annual Greg Bekarian Hockey Tournament on the signature man-made skating rink. This year the tournament had an early start and continued until dusk with 16 teams competing for the coveted trophy. The extreme cold warnings came in handy in ensuring a smooth rink.

The kids had the time of their lives jumping up and down in the jumpy castles in the kidzone while adults tested their luck in the adult game zone.

From popcorn and cotton candy to fries, kebab, and pizza, there was something for every palate. Prince Edward s Fries, a popular

food truck usually parked in downtown Toronto, offered a variety of freshly cut French fries, including the Canadian staple, Poutine. Shef Kebab, with his famous garlic sauce, offered kebab wraps that were perfect for people onthe-go who needed a quick bite before heading back to the dancefloor. Mamajoun offered a

selection of their most popular food items as well as what quickly became a fan-favourite, the Pamboukjoun , while the A.C.C. Café satisfied the sweet tooth in all of us.

As a festival that celebrates food, art, and Canadian culture, the weekend did not disappoint with its variety of something for everybody.

who have kidney disease. The treatment takes about four hours a couple times per week.

Pogharian said she wanted to find a way to improve the procedure, which can be hard on patients.

It takes a lot of energy out of them, said Pogharian. They re very tired after a dialysis treatment.

"You wouldn't have to make your way to the hospital, which is a problem for a lot of patients. It's not necessarily easy to make your way to the hospital three times a week, especially it you have limited mobility," she out her invention with real blood. said.

"All the population will benefit from that kind of instrument that will reduce medical Testing it out care cost, hospitalization stays. Basically, it's Her project has earned her a slew of a great idea," said Louis Thibault, director of scholarships and awards. Now, Héma-Québec applied research at Héma-Québec. has offered her a summer internship, to try Pogharian said she hopes one day, her

invention will be used overseas.

"Ten per cent of patients living in India and Pakistan who need the treatment can't afford it or can't have it in any way. It's not accessible. So that motivated me."

But Pogharian says she s focusing on doing well on her CEGEP midterm exams.

Canadian Anya Pogharian invents new dialysis machine (CBC, Montreal)- Seventeen-year-old Anya Pogharian s high school science project could end up changing the way dialysis care is delivered.

After poring over online dialysis machine owner s manuals, she developed a new prototype using simple technology.

While machines currently cost about $30,000, hers would cost just $500 making it more affordable for people to buy and have at home.

Pogharian was inspired by volunteering at a hospital dialysis unit. When she was assigned a high school science project, she chose to work on a new kind of dialysis unit.

She spent 300 hours on her invention well above and beyond the mandatory 10 hours.

Dialysis is the process of cleaning waste from the blood. It's typically used for people

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COLUMNS

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25

Assignment of a Right to a Property and the Tax Implications (part of Part 2)

Happy Women s Day!

By Talyn Terzian Gilmour March is the month that heralds spring...though these sub-zero, arctic days that we ve been having would have one believe that spring will never come. March is also a month that marks an important day, International Women s Day, which falls on March 8th this year.

The United Nations makes the following statement, International Women s Day is a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to celebrate acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of their countries and communities.

While I don t believe that I ve played an extraordinary role in the history of my country or community, I do believe that I have an observation (or two) to make about young Armenian-Canadian women today particularly in light of just how far we ve come.

I won t preach about how hard it is to be a woman you ve heard it all before.

The expectations around being a savvy gogetter while at the same time being a nurturing and caring wife, mother and friend.

This balancing act, or as I call it, elusive balance is a struggle and challenge for many young-ish women these days. Wanting it all and having it all are two very different things. Yet, it s important to remember, for those of you, like me, who are still seeking your balance balance is what you make of it. There is no one formula. And while that may sound bewildering, it means that you can have a hand in its design if you re brave enough.

Striving for a career only to find that it ends up interfering with your personal life can be devastating at least it was for me.

That s why I took matters into my own hands and am carving my own path a path that might not work for somebody else. Finding balance also requires help. On the career side, you need buy-in, you need to build your brand and your value to the point where you are supported to have more flexibility because losing you would be harder than replacing you. On the family side, you also need support, and you need to dial back e x p e c ta t i o n s i n m y c a s e , t h o s e perfectionistic tendencies. There will always be feelings of guilt I wish I was more dedicated to my job, I wish I was more dedicated to my family. I wish I had the time to have a haircut, manicure and a latte all in one day, in peace, instead of freezing my butt off at an arena or constantly responding to the buzz of my Blackberry!

Women (and men) also struggle with identity. What is your identity? How do you define it? Identity is influenced by a number of different things like your age, gender, language, history, religion, employment and so on. Identity is not static and is shaped and developed by you over time. And I believe, that at some point, we all stop and ask ourselves, Who Am I? I tend to ask myself this question when I m up at two in the morning wondering if I m ever gonna get my act together and (if I m going to be totally candid) whether my lack of sleep has anything to do with perimenopause or something totally FREAKS me out I think I m having a hot flash right now!

Most women face a real identity crisis at some point. And as an Armenian woman, this identity crisis gains a further complexity.

While we struggle with building a successful career and balance that with a full and

complete personal life, many of us also struggle with the DNA-programmed need to preserve our culture and our heritage.

Weren t we all raised with a healthy dose of Hayeren Khoseer! and Azad, angakh Hayasdan!

I call this my three-legged identity tripod: career, family and being Armenian. These are the things that define my identity if any one of these three legs does not match the length of the others, naturally, I topple down.

When it comes to my identity, I also realize that I don t have to be perfect. And that it s really important to take risks. Risks make you feel alive. They make you feel like you ve achieved. Risks force you to expand your world and look beyond what you think you already know. The antithesis of risk taking is that little, niggling thing I like to call, automatic responses...

Automatic responses are trigger responses that just appear out of nowhere like when your four year old niece asks to wear her tutu to the ski hill and you shout, NO! or your hubby asks, Wouldn t it be fun to rough it in a tent this weekend? and you shout, NO WAY! or when you ve already had one-too-many during a much needed mom s night out and your friend buys you another and you say YES! But there is one automatic response of which I m very proud...perhaps I shouldn t call it an automatic response but an ingrained aspect of my identity: being Armenian. As I said before, being Armenian is a big part of who I am. I am married to non-Armenian who challenges me, supports my ambitions and respects me and my heritage (he agrees that he is now part Armenian too!) My older son speaks, reads and writes Armenian and my younger son is finally starting to really articulate in Armenian. They are learning about our culture and heritage and that is one such way that I am preserving a very important part of who I am and passing on that ingrained Armenian DNA. I also volunteer at the ARS Armenian Private School (if you haven t yet donated to Telethon 2015, please do so) and the Zoryan Institute a centre dedicated to the education, research, preservation and documentation of all genocides and violations of human rights, including the Armenian Genocide.

Working there feeds my soul.

But being Armenian and staying Armenian has not been easy. Perhaps it s like blasphemy to say that on some days I wished I was French or Italian so much easier to relate and to have people understand who you are and what you re all about without the burden of struggling to survive. But as I ve gotten older, and hopefully gained more wisdom, I ve come to believe that the hardest things are the ones worth fighting for marriage, your children, your friends, your family and yes, your identity. These are important things worth fighting for.

So in the end, for today s modern woman, finding balance and maintaining balance is tough. Figuring out who you are and what you re all about in today s world is also tough. But ladies, we ve come a long, long way. Seeing so many women taking charge and courageously creating the kind of life that they want, rather than what someone else imposes on them, why, that s worth celebrating. Happy Women s Day!

By Grant Matossian In the first part of this article, we discussed how the CRA may view an assigned property, specifically the possibility that they may view the assignor of a property as a builder, and examined the related HST implications that follow. If you have not already done so, I encourage you to read part 1 as it provides valuable information that could save you money along with insightful examples which we will reprise in this article. In part 2, I will be discussing the income tax implications for someone who assigns a property.

Upon assigning a property, an individual is required to report the profit as income on their T1 in the following year when they file their taxes. But what kind of income should the sale be reported as? Most simply assume the profits from the sale will be considered capital gain income by the CRA, subsequently requiring taxes to be applied for just half of the profit. This presumption, however, does not always hold true. It is possible for the CRA to deem the income to be fully taxable business income.

There is no specific provision subsumed within the income Tax Act outlining the circumstances in which the proceeds from a sale of property are to be reported as capital or business income. The courts have historically considered several factors in making such a determination. Some of the primary factors considered are listed below.

These factors include: 1. Individuals stated or deduced intention with respect to the property at the time of purchase.

2. The feasibility of said intention.

3. Geographical location and zoned use of the property that was acquired.

4. The extent to which this intention was carried out by the individual.

5. Nature of the business/profession the individual is involved in.

6. The extent to which borrowed money was used to finance the real estate acquisition, including the terms of the financing.

7. The length of time the property was held by the individual.

8. If there are other individuals who shared an interest in the property.

9. The occupation of other individuals who shared an interest in the property as well as their intentions and courses of conduct.

10. The factors involved in the sale of the property.

11. Evidence that the individual and/or their associates have previously dealt with real estate.

Taken together, these factors will be used to influence the CRA in making a determination on whether a sale of a property will be considered as business income or capital gains. Let s revisit the examples from part 1 of this article using the factors listed above to determine what type of income the CRA would likely consider the proceeds of the sale to be counted as.

Example 1 Bob and Natasha own a 3-bedroom house where they live with their two children. In May 2010, they entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a builder to buy a single bedroom condo. The purchase price was $310,000 with a closing date in November 2011. In June 2011, while the property was still under construction, they assigned the right to their property for $350,000. Let s add the additional assumption that each of them earns $50,000 annually.

If the CRA could prove that Bob and Natasha likely couldn t afford the condo when it closed, that may be used as to determine their intent was to turn a profit. In this case, assuming there wasn t any money borrowed, and any down payments made along the way were made from a short-term form of financing, like a Line of Credit for instance, that could tilt the scales in favour of speculative intent.

After all, $100,000 combined gross income with 2 children and a 3 bedroom house to tend to would make it difficult to afford an investment property at $310,000. Further evidence to be considered would be their occupations. If Bob or Natasha were real estate agents, that would certainly be a strike against them.

Even if none of the above factors provided strong enough evidence to consider the sale as business income, the CRA could still refer to IT Bulletin 459titled Adventure or Concern in the Nature of Trade . In this bulletin, point 2 states that when a sale of a property is done infrequently, or possible only once, rather than habitually, it still is possible to hold that the person has engaged in a business transaction if, in accordance with the definition of business in subsection 248 (1), it can be show that he has engaged in and adventure or concern in the nature of trade . In general, it means the CRA will carefully examine the taxpayer s conduct, the nature of the property and taxpayers intentions with respect to the property in determining if the assignor is engaging in the business of speculating on the property for profit, even if doing so is not a common form of behaviour on the part of the assignor.

If the profits are found to be a capital gain, and assuming from part 1 of this article that they are deemed builders by the CRA and forced to remit HST on the profit, the taxes payable are as follows: Purchase Price $310,000, Assignment $350,000, Profit $40,000, HST $4,600, Net Profit $17,700.

Taxable Capital gain for each (assuming the property is in both of their names) would be $8,850 with an income tax payable of $2,743.50 each (tax rate of 31% based on their marginal tax rate). Therefore, as a capital gain, they are left with just under $30,000 after HST and income tax.

Let s see how this compares to the case where profits are ruled as business income.In this situation, the full net profit of $35,400 (or $17,700 apiece) would be taxed at their marginal rate of 31% for a total tax payable of $10,947. They are now only left with just under $24,500. The difference is considerable and becomes more substantial the higher the marginal tax rate.

Example 2 Nelson and Eva rent a 3-bedroom house where they live with their two children in Toronto. After learning that Eva is pregnant with their third child, they felt their rented unit was too small to accommodate their burgeoning family. They enter into a purchase and sale agreement with a builder in February of 2012 to buy a new 4-bedroom house, set to be completed in May of 2013 for $450,000.

In January 2013, Nelson was promoted with a substantial raise and his new position required him to move to Ottawa. As a result, the family assigned the 4-bedroom property for $500,000. In Ottawa they purchased a 4bedroom property to live in. Assume both their incomes are $100,000 annually.

In this situation it is likely that Nelson and Eva will be allowed to report the proceeds as a taxable capital gain since the nature of their circumstance seem to indicate they had no choice but to sell the property, and that the sale came about by unforeseen events. So long as other factors, like the ones explained see page 27

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Armenian-American Community to Mark Genocide Centennial in Washington

By Florence Avakian The Centennial of the Armenian Genocide will have its climax in a three-day commemoration in the nation s capital from Thursday, May 7 to Saturday, May 9. All Armenian-American churches, compatriotic and benevolent organizations, and political groups are uniting to present one powerful voice to the American nation and the world for this supreme effort which will be a clarion call not only for the United States, but internationally.

In a telephone conversation with this writer, Dr. Noubar Afeyan, Chairman of the National Genocide Commemoration Committee, in emphasizing the crucial concept of unity for this important event, he noted that it forms a great part of the word community.

We aspire to present important themes for this Centennial observation, he stated.

For all Armenians, there is this apprehension and inadequacy that we haven t done enough to be worthy of the people who died a hundred years ago. There is also the idea of blending of the commemoration and bringing attention to what the survivors have accomplished, he pointed out.

And then there is the strong belief that we need to express our gratitude and deep appreciation to the institutions and people who have contributed so valiantly to our survival and well-being. Many forces stepped

South Dakota House Recognizes Armenian Genocide

in and supported us, especially in the United States.

We are aspiring to the unity of the Armenian-American community, and the realization of these themes to bring together all aspects of these climactic three days in the nation s capital, Dr. Afeyan said.

Dr. Noubar Afeyan who has assumed this crucial role, is founder and CEO of Flagship Ventures, an entrepreneurial innovation firm that manages $1.5 billion in early stage venture capital, and a portfolio of 35 companies. A Ph.D graduate of MIT, he is also a Senior Lecturer at its Sloan School of Management.

He has authored several scientific publications and patents, and has lectured widely in the U.S. and internationally.

Currently he serves as Chairman of the Global Agenda Council on Chemicals, Advanced Materials and Biotechnology of the World Economic Forum, and serves on several boards promoting economic development in Armenia.

For his numerous stellar accomplishments to America and Armenia, Dr. Afeyan has been awarded the Ellis Island Medal of Honor (2008), the Prime Minister of Armenia commemorative medal for patriotic activities (2012), the Saint Gregory the Illuminator gontag and medallion from Catholicos Karekin II (2012), and the Services to the Motherland order from Armenia s President Serge Sargsyan (2014).

Powerful Entities and Personalities Involved in Commemoration The National Council of Churches, and the U.S. Council of Catholic Bishops have formally invited President Barack Obama and members of the U.S. Congress to attend the ecumenical service at the National Cathedral. Also expected to be present is the President of the Republic of Armenia Serzh Sarkisian.

Partaking in the special service in Washington s august National Cathedral will be the Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II, and the Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia Aram I. The three days of events in Washington D.C. will be under the auspices of the two Catholicoi who will journey from Armenia following the canonization of the martyrs of the Armenian Genocide in Holy Etchmiadzin on April 23. On that day, there will be ringing of church bells around the world.

The Steering Committee of this Centennial Commemoration includes Primate of the Eastern Diocese Archbishop Khajag Barsamian, Prelate of the Eastern Prelacy Archbishop Oshagan Choloyan, Primate of the Western Diocese Archbishop Hovnan Derderian, Prelate of the Western Prelacy Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Diocesan Legate in Washington D.C. Archbishop Vicken Aykazian, and Centennial Commemoration Chairman Dr. Noubar Afeyan.

The National Committee includes representatives of groups from around the

United States, while the subcommittees carrying out the daily work of creating the events are mostly based in Washington D.C. The all-important Finance Committee is chaired by Dr. Jean-Jacques Hajjar. Dr. Susan Pattie has been engaged as Program Manager.

State Department Official Visits Armenian Genocide Memorial

America cares deeply about its partnership with Armenia, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland told reporters in Yerevan on February 18, Armenpress reports. For more than 20 years we have supported the democracy, independence, economic growth and prosperity and we intend to develop this further, she said.

Assistant Secretary Nuland said she was honored to meet with Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian, Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian, and civil society representatives and to visit the Dzidzernagapert Armenian Genocide Memorial in Yerevan.

Within the framework of the visit we discussed the relations with all neighbors. I would like to say that from the American perspective we are confident that the normalization of relations between Armenia and Turkey will remain important for both countries and for peace and stability in the Becomes 43rd state to recognize the region. We ll enhance the efforts in that Armenian Genocide direction, Nuland said.

The South Dakota House of It s important that Armenia has not Representatives on February 26 in a vote of withdrawn from the process and it s important 51 to 17 passed a resolution recognizing the to us that the process may continue, Nuland Armenian Genocide, becoming the 43rd state said. to call for justice for the Genocide.

Nuland visited Dzidzernagapert and laid With 28 original co-sponsors, the flowers at the monument commemorating the resolution calls for a just resolution, victims of the Armenian Genocide. The Director condemns denial and encourages the teaching of the Armenian Genocide Museum Hayk of the Armenian Genocide in South Dakota Demoyan welcomed and accompanied Nuland schools. It also discusses the genocides of and the delegation she led.

Greeks and Assyrians.

Nuland met with Armenia s Foreign Designating 2015 as the Year of Minister Edward Nalbandian and expressed Remembrance for the Centennial Since the gratitude for Armenia s active involvement in Commencement of the Armenian Genocide U.S.-led peacekeeping missions. of 1915-1923¢'27 in South Dakota and urging Speaking about the Karabakh conflict, Congress and the President of the United States to formally and consistently recognize the two parties agreed once again that the all and reaffirm the historical truth that the possible efforts must be made to achieve a atrocities committed against the Armenian, peaceful resolution of the conflict.

Nuland also talked about the Azerbaijani Greek, and other Christians living in their historical homelands in Anatolia constituted commandos arrested in Stepanakert, calling genocide and to work towards equitable, what they did a horrible crime. At the same stable, and durable Armenian-Turkish time, Nuland called on Artsakh s authorities relations, read the text of the resolution. to make a humanitarian gesture, ostensibly

Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland (center) carries flowers to the Dzidzernagapert Memorial in Yerevan, accompanied by U.S. and Armenian diplomats and the Director of the Armenian Genocide Museum Hayk Demoyan. Feb. 18, 2015. (Photo: official publication)

calling on them to release the prisoners back to Azerbaijan, but did not go into details.

The ANCA s Executive Director Aram Hamparian responded to Nuland s comments in a statement, saying, Any U.S. dialogue with Azerbaijan regarding prisoner issues must be predicated upon Azerbaijan first agreeing to an American demand for the reincarceration of Ramil Safarov, an admitted and unapologetic Azerbaijani axe-murderer who was pardoned, praised, and promoted

by Ilham Aliyev after having killed an Armenian officer in his sleep during a NATO training exercise in Hungary.

The spectacle of Azerbaijan publicly honoring yet more killers of Armenians would in addition to being a moral outrage further destabilize the region, inciting antiArmenian hatred, emboldening Aliyev s aggression, and undermining prospects for peace.

Hamparian also commented on Nuland s visit to Dzidzernagapert, commending the visit, but at the same time calling on the White

House to stop hindering the recognition of the Armenian Genocide.

We value Assistant Secretary Nuland s visit to the Armenian Genocide Memorial as a symbol of American solidarity with the Armenian nation, while also recognizing with great regret the profound and ongoing moral and material harm of the gag-rule imposed by Turkey, and still enforced by our White House, that prevents American diplomats from speaking honestly and forthrightly about this crime.

Then Senator Obama spoke to this issue very pointedly in 2008, when he said: An official policy that calls on diplomats to distort the historical facts is an untenable policy. The painful irony, of course, is that the truth that Senator Obama once championed he now prohibits as President. The time for this century-long farce to end is now. It s time for President Obama to finally honor his pledge: As President I will recognize the Armenian Genocide, concluded Hamparian.

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

By Harut Sassounian

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27

Los Angeles Cancels $845,000 Contract with Turkey s Lobbyist Gephardt Group

I wrote a column last August warning that the Armenian-American community and all people of good will would boycott the products and services of Anheuser-Busch, Boeing, Chevron, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, General Electric, Goldman Sachs, Google, Los Angeles Airport, National Football League, Port of Oakland, and United Airlines, unless these companies cancelled their contracts with the Gephardt Group, one of Turkey s notorious lobbying firms.

Ironically, former House Majority Leader Dick Gephardt had championed recognition of the Armenian Genocide during his long years in Congress. Yet, soon-after his retirement, Gephardt became a staunch opponent of Armenian issues by peddling Turkish denials of the Armenian Genocide.

The latest contract on file with the U.S. Justice Department reveals that the Gephardt Group is paid $1.4 million a year to lobby for Turkey in Washington.

Documents filed by the Gephardt Group with the Justice Department under the Foreign Agent Registration Act indicate that Gephardt and his colleagues contacted dozens of House and Senate Members last year to lobby against: 1. Congressional resolutions on the Armenian Genocide and return of Christian Churches by Turkey, and 2. Revelations that Turkey supported Islamic Jihadists during their invasion of the

Armenian-inhabited town of Kessab in Syria.

More ominously, Justice Department records show that just before April 24, 2014, Janice O Connell, Gephardt s colleague, contacted Brian McKeon, Chief of Staff of the National Security Council at the White House and Chad Kreikemeier, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs, to modify Pres. Obama s annual statement on the Armenian Genocide, following Prime M i n i s t e r E r d o g a n s d e c e p t i v e a n d disingenuous apology for all victims of World War I in Ottoman Turkey.

Justice Department s records also reveal that Gephardt and O Connell traveled to Istanbul and Ankara on Turkish Airlines on March 3, 2014 to meet Turkey s National Security Advisor. Gephardt flew from Paris to Istanbul and Ankara at a round trip cost of $1,513, while O Connell flew from Washington, DC to Istanbul and Ankara at a round trip cost of $6,986. The two lobbyists stayed at the Conrad Hotel in Istanbul for three nights at the cost of $710 each. While in Turkey, they spent $600 on limousine service.

Last month, the Armenian National Committee of America, Armenian Assembly of America, and Armenian Youth Federation (Eastern and Western U.S.) sent over 200 letters to businesses, universities, and NGOs that are clients of the Gephardt Group and four other lobbying firms for Turkey: Dickstein Shapiro, LLC; Greenberg Traurig; Alpaytac; and LB International. One such letter asked the United Airlines to demand the lobbying

Motion recognizing the Armenian Genocide submitted to European Parliament

(Armradio) - Belgian MEP (Member of the European Parliament) Gerolf Annemans, chairman of Vlaams Belang party, submitted to European Parliament a motion calling on Turkey to recognize the Armenian Genocide.

The document says: having regard to Rule 133 of its Rules of Procedure; having regard to the many studies and historical data on the situation of the Armenian population in Turkey at the beginning of the twentieth century, having regard to the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide which defines genocide, having regard to the European Parliament resolution of 18 June 1987 on a political solution to the Armenian question, having regard to subsequent Parliament resolutions in which it has argued to a greater or lesser extent in favor of recognizing the Armenian genocide of 1915, A. whereas these resolutions have not yet induced the Turkish government to recognize the genocide; B. whereas a century after the events,

the time has come to initiate reconciliation; 1. Calls on the Turkish government officially to recognize the 1915 genocide of the Armenians living in Turkey perpetrated by the last government of the Ottoman Empire; 2. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Turkish government, the Armenian government, the Commission, the Council and the Presidents of the Parliament of the Republic of Turkey and the Parliament of the Republic of Armenia.

The motion was signed by Marine Le Pen, Louis Aliot, Marie-Christine Arnautu, Nicolas Bay, Dominique Bilde, Marie-Christine Boutonnet, Steeve Briois, Mireille D Ornano, Edouard Ferrand, Sylvie Goddyn, JeanFrançois Jalkh, Gilles Lebreton, Philippe Loiseau, Dominique Martin, Joëlle Mélin, Bernard Monot, Sophie Montel, Florian Philippot, Jean-Luc Schaffhauser, Mylène Troszczynski, Matteo Salvini, Mara Bizzotto, Mario Borghezio, Gianluca Buonanno, Lorenzo Fontana, Marcel de Graaff, Hans Jansen, Olaf Stuger, Harald Vilimsky, Barbara Kappel.

firm to end its contract with the Turkish government, if not, the airline should then terminate its own contract with the lobbying firm. If neither action is taken by Feb. 28, Armenian-Americans would carry out a protest campaign against both the lobbying firm and United Airlines.

The efforts to counter Turkey s lobbying firms already bore its first fruits. On February 23, ANCA-WR announced that Los Angeles World Airports [LAWA], a wholly-owned entity of the City of Los Angeles, has decided to terminate its contract worth over $845,000 with the Gephardt Group, after ANCA called upon Mayor Eric Garcetti last December, to end any ties between the City of Los Angeles and Dick Gephardt.

ANCA-WR Chair Nora Hovsepian applauded LAWA and City of Los Angeles officials for their principled stand enforcing a zero-tolerance policy against deniers of genocide. LAWA s action reflects the highest standards of good governance and reinforces the proud standing of Los Angeles as a leader nationally and internationally on issues of genocide prevention and human rights. As a genocide denier, Gephardt does not deserve a single dollar from the citizens of Los Angeles, and should have no association with our city.

According to U.S. Government documents obtained by ANCA-WR, the Gephardt Group had a contract worth over $845,000 with LAWA, which was agreed to in 2012 during the term of former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa. Since the approval of the contract

Dick Gephardt

with LAWA, the Gephardt Group has been drawing over $23,000 a month for its work for the airport, while simultaneously representing the interests of the Turkish Government against the interests of the Armenian-American community.

After this first major victory, ArmenianAmericans should continue urging the remaining 200 companies that are clients of the Gephardt Group and other lobbying firms hired by Turkey to terminate their contracts, because hiring Genocide denialists is patently unethical and bad for business!

Italian Senate Moves to Ban Denial of Genocides

Italian senators on February 11 voted in favor of a bill criminalizing the denial of the Holocaust and other genocides, following changes to the proposed law to protect freedom of speech, Italian new agency The Local reports.

A total of 234 senators voted for the bill, while eight abstained and three voted against the new law, Il Sole 24 Ore reported.

Under the law, people will face a threeyear sentence for promoting, inciting or committing acts of racial discrimination based in part or entirely on the denial of genocide.

Crimes against humanity and war crimes are also covered in the bill, which now needs to pass through Italy s lower house before it can become law.

Assignment of a ...

The Senate vote follows revisions which lawmakers say ensure freedom of speech and the freedom to study are upheld.

Senator Giuseppe Lumia, part of the justice committee, said the vote marked a turning point in Italy.

Denying the Holocaust and genocides will be punished as in so many other countries, he was quoted in Il Sole as saying.

France and Germany are among the European states which have criminalized Holocaust denial. A British bishop was in 2013 convicted of the crime, after giving an interview to Swedish television in which he questioned the number of Jews killed in Nazi concentration camps.

cont. from page 25

above, don t strongly conflict with this presumption, the ruling is straightforward. In this case, as was explained in article 1, we also note that HST would not apply. The calculation is as follows: Purchase Price $450,000, Assignment $500,000, Profit $50,000, Net Profit $50,000, Capital Gain $25,700 With a taxable Capital gain of $12,500 each, and a tax payable of $5,425 a piece

(tax rate of 43.4% based on their marginal tax rate) they are left with $39,150 after-tax profit. For the sake of comparison, had the gain been treated as business income instead, the after-tax profit would plummet to $28,300.

Disclaimer: The information contained herein is not meant to be professional advice but for educational purposes only. You should consult with your accountant when handling such matters.

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ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Turkey Linking Major Arms Purchase to Armenian Genocide Recognition (Eurasianet)- Turkey is reportedly linking its purchase a multi-billion-dollar air-defense system to whether the bidder countries recognize the Armenian Genocide.

That news, reported by a number of Turkish media, is the latest unexpected turn in the multi-year saga over the arms deal.

The original bidders for the deal were companies representing the United States, Europe, China, and Russia, giving the program the air of a geopolitical litmus test. When Turkey announced that it planned to give the Chinese company the contract, it faced a barrage of pressure from its NATO allies who were concerned that linking that system with NATO air defense equipment already in Turkey could expose NATO secrets to China.

All along, Turkey has denied that there was any political subtext to its decision, saying that its choice of China was related solely to questions of price and the fact that China would hand over more of the technology to Turkey. Now, though, that appears to have changed. With the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide approaching in April, Ankara is reportedly waiting to see how the various bidders mark that event.

"Rumors in political circles in Ankara said that no decision will be made over the missile defense system winner before [April 24] since Turkey wants to first see France and the U.S.'s position on the 1915 incidents," reported the

pro-government Daily Sabah. "An agreement may be made with China if the U.S. and French administrations take a 'pro-Armenian' stance."

Hurriyet Daily News has reported the same thing: We have agreed with the government leaders not to rush to a decision any time soon, one defense procurement official said.

A decision before April 24 is out of the question.

A senior diplomat confirmed that Ankara first wants to see the U.S. and French positions on the genocide claims before awarding a sizeable contract to a bidder potentially from one of these countries.

How these countries observe the centennial of the events [of 1915-1920] will be an important input for our final decision, he said.

And a "top government official for defense and security issues" told newspaper Defense News last month: "One imminent political deliberation is whether the US Congress will recognize the alleged Armenian genocide in April. We will wait Congress' move before making a decision on the contract."

Meanwhile, Turkey's Ministry of Defense has said that whichever system it buys will not be linked to NATO's. That would seem to open the door for buying the Chinese equipment. But it also has extended the

deadline for the Chinese, American, and European bidders until the summer -- as Defense News notes, the sixth time it has made such an extension.

It's not clear whether official recognition of the Armenian Genocide has any more chance to get through Congress this year than it has before. But arguments like Ankara's have held sway in the past: in 2010, a coalition of American defense contractors wrote a letter to Congress arguing against genocide

Turkey s Tactics of Oriental Slyness

By Raffi Bedrosyan Turkey has announced that the annual commemoration of the Gallipoli Dardanelles battles of World War One, which were traditionally held on March 18, will now be held on April 24 this year. President Erdogan has invited over 120 world leaders, including President Sargsyan of Armenia, to attend the Gallipoli ceremonies. The reason for the date change is apparent to all Armenians.

There is a term in Turkish, 'Sark kurnazligi', meaning 'Oriental slyness'. The term is used to define someone who resorts to cunning to deceive someone, but both the deceiver and the deceived person know that there is trickery involved, and more cynically, the deceiver does not care if the deceived person is aware of the deceit.

Already a few state leaders have announced that they will attend, including 'Turkey's little brother' Azerbaijan, some African and Muslim states, and notably, Prince Charles.

It is worthwhile to remind to these people, and the entire English speaking world, another Turkish scheme involving trickery of dates which happened eight years ago.

The Holy Cross Church and

monastery complex on Akhtamar Island in Lake Van in Eastern Turkey was in ruins since 1915, and in fact, was being willfully destroyed by the Turkish Army in the 1950's. Only interference by famous Kurdish author Yashar Kemal (whose hidden Armenian roots were revealed recently) had prevented the complete destruction of the last remaining church and the Turkish government had decided in the 2000's to restore the church as a museum. The restoration was completed in early 2007 and the government announced the date of the opening of the museum to be April 24, 2007.

The Istanbul Armenian Patriarch of the time, Archbishop Mesrob Mutafyan forcefully protested that by choosing this date the government was attempting to create political gains using the Armenians' pain, and that he would refuse to attend the opening ceremony if this insensitive decision was not revised. The government appeared to appease the patriarch, but continuing to employ tactics of 'Oriental slyness', announced that the date would now be April 11, 2007. The government was fully aware that April 11 was also equally significant and unacceptable to the Armenians, as this is the same date as April 24 in

the old calendar in effect at 1915.

In fact, in 1919, the famous Armenian journalist and himself a survivor of the 1915 massacres, Teotig had compiled a list and biographies of 761 Armenian intellectuals arrested and subsequently murdered, in a booklet called 'Houshartsan (Memorial) to April 11'. The first April 24 commemoration had taken place in 1919, with the opening of a memorial s c u l p t u r e c a l l e d ' A p r i l 11 Houshartsan', in the Istanbul Armenian Cemetery in Taksim, since then expropriated and converted in the 1930s to become the famous Taksim Square, the scene of recent protests against the government. All these facts, known to both the Armenians in Turkey and the Turkish government, were revealed in an editorial in the Agos newspaper questioning the wisdom of using these dated for the Akhtamar opening, using the headline: 'Are you sure? Is this your final answer?'. The headline was copied after the often repeated question heard on the then popular TV quiz show, 'Who wants to be a millionaire?'

The date of that Agos editorial?

January 19, 2007... the very same day Hrant Dink was shot in front of the Agos newspaper offices.

The Akhtamar Museum was opened on March 29, 2007. Patriarch Mutafyan reluctantly attended, and shortly thereafter, he became incapacitated with a still unexplained debilitating mental disease and he still lives in a vegetative state. In the meantime, eight years after Hrant Dink's murder, the real perpetrators and conspirators of the murder are still not caught nor tried.

Therefore, it is now appropriate to again ask the Turkish government who sent the Gallipoli invitations for April 24, 2015, and any state leaders who choose to ignore the real significance of this date: 'Are you sure? Is this your final answer?'

recognition: "Alienating a significant NATO ally and trading partner would have negative repercussions for U.S. geopolitical interests and efforts to boost both exports and employments."

But the U.S. bid was relatively unlikely to win; the second-place offer, after China's, was that of Eurosam, based in France, a country which not only recognized the genocide but even criminalized genocide denial.

Armenia Again Slams Turkish Preconditions For Normalization Armenia has rejected the latest Turkish demand to end the occupation of Azerbaijan before the diplomatic protocols signed between the two countries in 2009 can be implemented.

The kind of precondition to official Yerevan was reiterated by Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu who paid a visit to Baku at the end of February.

At a joint press conference with his Azerbaijani counterpart Elmar Mammadyarov, Cavusoglu also claimed that the whole world knows about the precondition to Armenia and that Yerevan has failed the test of sincerity . He said that the recent decision by Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian to withdraw the protocols from the parliament is, therefore, of no importance .

Commenting on the statements by the top Turkish diplomat, Armenia s Deputy Foreign Minister Shavarsh Kocharian again accused Ankara of setting preconditions in the process in which Armenia believes the sides should not do that.

It is at least perplexing that the Turkish delegation that conducted the negotiations around the protocols, according to Cavusoglu, did not know about the Turkish preconditions known to the whole world . To speak about sincerity by spreading the kind of false information is at least strange, but at the same time it is typical of Turkish authorities, he said, according to Tert.am.

Kocharian stressed that the international community has also favored Yerevan s position that Armenian-Turkish relations should be normalized without

preconditions.

On February 16, the Armenian president recalled the protocols on the normalization of ties and the establishment of diplomatic relations with neighboring Turkey from parliament. He said the Turkish government has no political will, distorts the spirit and letter of the protocols, and continues its policy of setting preconditions.

Sarkisian also said that on the eve of commemorating the centennial of the Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Turkey during World War I, the policy of denial and rewriting history is getting a renewed impulse in Ankara.

Official Ankara described that step as wrong and unfortunate .

Tanju Bilgic, a spokesman for Turkey s Foreign Ministry, said on February 17 that Yerevan had decided to withdraw the protocols to create a reason to accuse Turkey ahead of the 100th anniversary of the massacres of Ottoman Armenians, which Turkey does not recognize as genocide.

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Loose Restraints: A Look at the Increasingly Shaky Karabagh Ceasefire 2014 was the bloodiest year in the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict since the 1990 s. Here, Emil Sanamyan reviews the casualty data for the year and looks at the factors driving the escalation.

By Emil Sanamyan

Death statistics

The grim data for 2014 includes 39 Azerbaijanis and 33 Armenians killed as a result of the conflict, that is, in direct combat, sniper attacks, mine incidents and, in the case of one Armenian civilian, murder in custody.

If things continue as they began this year, 2015 may be as bad or worse. By comparison, the previous worst year on record, 2012, included 14 Armenian and 20 Azerbaijani dead.

Of the 39 Azerbaijanis killed last year, 22 were enlisted soldiers (18-19-year-olds), 9 contracted NCOs (nearly all members of Special Forces), 6 officers, and 2 civilians. Of the 33 Armenian names, 13 were enlisted (1920-year olds), 6 contracted NCOs and privates, 8 officers, and 6 civilians.

Of the 33 Armenian deaths, 17 were from sniper fire, 9 died in direct combat engagements, 4 in mine explosions, and 3 died away from the border (2 murdered by Azerbaijani intruders into Karvachar and one in custody in Shamkhor). Of the 39 Azerbaijani deaths, 16 were killed in direct combat engagements, 14 by sniper fire, and 5 in mine explosions; the causes of death in 4 cases were not clarified.

The current level of violence is worse than it was between 1988 and 1991. While credible data for the years immediately following the May 1994 ceasefire have not been published, the statistics available for the years since 2000 make 2014 the worst year on record since the ceasefire.

Drivers of escalation So what happened in 2014? Three major factors could be identified as driving the escalation. The first two relate to the escalation s initiator Azerbaijan and the third to Armenia and other international players.

On the structural level, Azerbaijan is seeking a military revanche against Armenia.

The Aliyev regime has spent an estimated $9 billion on weapons purchases over the past decade. This includes $4 billion worth of weapons from Russia, $1.6 billion from Israel, $600 million from Turkey, $600 million from Belarus, and $400 million from Ukraine. But this arsenal is not yet fully in use and any large-scale military campaign can bring about unpredictable consequences and carries major risks for the Aliyev regime. So for now, both the military spending and low-level escalations on the Line of Contact serve to intimidate Armenians into diplomatic concessions in the Karabagh negotiations.

Personnel changes in the Azerbaijani

Baku Claims that Facebook Gives Karabakh Back to Azerbaijan Offline, the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh may be outside of Baku s control, but, online, Azerbaijan seems to have reclaimed the disputed land. Azerbaijani officials are boasting of allegedly having convinced Facebook to strip the separatist territory s page of its verified status, which denotes that the page is authentic.

This reported victory, preceded by an avalanche of complaints from Azerbaijani users, is nothing to sneeze at in the South Caucasus, where Facebook is by far the most popular social network. It is also often the prime online venue for social activism and political debate.

And yet, Baku s victory was not complete. Though the "Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" page is not accessible, pages using the region s Armenian name (Artsakh) and calling for recognition of its independence remain intact.

Facebook, which has faced flak before over its page-decisions, has not yet commented officially on the downgrading of the breakaway region's page.

But Facebook is not the only part of the virtual world in

which Azerbaijan has been asserting its internationally recognized right to Karabakh.

In the past, the country engaged in toponymic arguments with Google for using pro-Armenian placenames in its maps, and with MSN for describing Karabakh as an independent entity in its weather listings.

Despite headwind from Armenian users, Azerbaijan so far has been successful in getting its point of view across with the major dot-coms. Its hydrocarbon-sourced funds for international PR appear to affect the odds.

Yet not on the ground. The separatists and Armenia s army hold tight to Karabakh and to a buffer belt around it. The region s native Azeri population remains uprooted, while international peace negotiators have had no progress to report for well over a decade now.

Though overshadowed by war in Ukraine, the conflict has been menacingly defrosting recently with an uptick in deadly incidents on the ceasefire line.

Observers mark Karabakh as the likely place for the next post-Soviet war and call for international attention to diminish the risk.

military have also made a difference. In November 2013, the former commander of Azerbaijan s internal security forces, Zakir Hassanov, replaced Safar Abiyev as the minister of defense. Abiyev had been in that role since 1995. While a trend towards escalation was evident even before Abiyev s replacement, at the time of the Karabagh War the then-frequent changes in Azerbaijan s military leadership inevitably resulted in escalations at the front. What is also significant is that unlike Abiyev, Hassanov is a member of Azerbaijan s ruling clan that has its roots in Nakhichevan and Armenia. Key officials that oversee Hassanov in Ilham Aliyev s office, Vahid Aliyev and Magerram Aliyev, are also members of this clan. All three have no combat experience and are eager to prove their worth.

Finally, there is Armenia and how its government reacts to Azerbaijani attacks. On the one hand, the Armenian military has an established record of responding to every single Azerbaijani attack if it causes Armenian casualties. In 2014, this approach contributed

both to the higher casualty tally and to restraining Azerbaijan from conducting additional attacks. Because the Azerbaijani military continued to suffer heavier casualties, particularly during the worst escalation in early August, the Aliyev regime moved to ban any bad news related to its forces. In recent months, only limited information on Azerbaijani casualties was made public and only after leaks in social media. While this reflects the authoritarian nature of Azerbaijan s regime, it is also an indication of the Azerbaijani public s sensitivity to its military s losses. That factor was in large part responsible for Abiyev s ouster.

On the other hand, the civilian portion of the Armenian government also has an established record but one of inaction when it comes to any meaningful effort to counter Azerbaijan diplomatically, such as trying to oppose large-scale weapons purchases or making Azerbaijan s aggressive behavior politically costly. Last week, the mediators from France, Russia, and U.S. finally issued a statement that singled out Azerbaijan for criticism over its lack of commitment towards a peaceful settlement. It is unclear whether there will be any meaningful follow-up to that statement. While formally allied with Armenia, Russia has directly contributed to Azerbaijan s military build-up in recent years and is now being sanctioned by the two other co-chairs for its aggression in Ukraine. The United States and Europe have so far refused to punish the Aliyev regime for its domestic crackdowns.

Any serious action by the three Minsk Group co-chairs to restrain Azerbaijan over its antiArmenian attacks remains difficult to imagine.

(Armenian Weekly)

Armenia Deepening Ties With Iraqi Kurdistan Emil Danielyan Armenia will open a consulate in Iraqi Kurdistan and launch direct flights to its capital Erbil this year as part of efforts to forge closer ties with the semiautonomous region, official Yerevan confirmed recently.

Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian underlined those efforts when he met with the region s President Massoud Barzani on the sidelines of an international security conference in Munich.

In a statement on the meeting, the Armenian Foreign Ministry said Barzani welcomed Yerevan s decision to open a consulate general in Erbil and expressed confidence that the move will help to expand cooperation between Armenia and Iraqi Kurdistan.

The interlocutors discussed joint steps to be taken with the aim of deepening bilateral trade, said the statement. President Barzani and Minister Nalbandian agreed that the imminent launch of flights between Yerevan and Erbil will give new impetus to commercial ties.

Armenia s trade with the Kurdish region and other parts of Iraq has already grown considerably in recent years. According to Armenian government data, it was up by almost 39 percent at $106 million last year.

Significantly, Armenian exports to Iraq jumped by 66.5 percent to around $81 million.

The official figures do not specify the volume of export and import

operations with Iraqi Kurdistan. The region is likely to account for a large part of Armenian-Iraqi commerce, having been the most stable and peaceful part of Iraq ever since the 2003 overthrow of Saddam Hussein.

The Armenian ambassador in Baghdad, Karen Grigorian, reportedly announced the upcoming Yerevan-Erbil flights when he visited the Iraqi Kurdish city on February 3. Local media also quoted him as saying that the Armenian consulate in Erbil will likely start functioning in June.

According to the Foreign Ministry statement, Barzani briefed Nalbandian on ongoing military operations conducted by his Kurdish Peshmerga forces against Islamic State (ISIS) militants that control much of central and western Iraq. Nalbandian reaffirmed Armenia s solidarity with the Western-backed campaign, it said.

The Kurdish autonomy is thought

to be home to several thousand Iraqi Armenians. Some of them are former residents of Mosul who were forced to flee their homes when the city was captured by the ISIS in June 2014.

I n D e c e m b e r, B a r z a n i s administration reportedly enacted a law giving an official status to the Armenian and several other minority languages.

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2015 ARMENIA î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113 30 Ä.زðî Armenia Country Branding: How National Character Becomes a Brand Icon

The 1st or 2nd century AD Temple of Garni which is a pagan temple situated at the edge of a triangular cliff and is part of the Fortress of Garni. One of the oldest fortresses in Armenia, it is mentioned as 'castellum Gorneas' in the Annals of Tacitus. (Photo: Karen Minasyan) Condensing these thoughts down to what marketers call the elevator pitch isn t easy, but here is what the team was able to boil it down to: Armenia is eternal. Culture thrives everywhere. The people are united by faith and a passion for prosperity. No matter where on earth or at what point in time, the people thrive knowing they are part of an irrepressible, passionate nation.

Armenia as archetype Another worthy exercise in the creative pro­ cess is to reduce the narrative to its most elemental and nonverbal form: a human ar­ chetype. For example, Father, Mother, Sage, Hero, Eternal Youth (Peter Pan) are all arche­ typical characters. For Armenia, the team concluded that its primary archetype is the Creator and its secondary archetype is Ex­ plorer.

The rationales for these archetypes are powerful: the quintessential Armenian drive to build (therefore create) and to learn (there­ fore explore) has served the Armenian Nation well for millennia. There s no reason to stop

By Vasken Kalayjian

Now that the Armenia Country Branding team has completed the discovery, analytic and strategic phases of building a brand iden­ tity for Armenia, it is working full speed ahead to put a face on it. This is where the creative process takes center stage.

Nonetheless, before arriving at a winning creative execution, meaning a logo and tagline, for Armenia, several more exploratory exer­ cises are involved. After all, encapsulating 2000 years of history and the promise for the future in a few words and images is no easy feat.

However daunting this may sound, our discovery phase has uncovered a goldmine of compelling material to work with. The real challenge is to identify which of Armenia s many national attributes best resonate with key stakeholders and primary audiences.

Another important factor is launching Armenian military veterans meet in front of the statue of Mother Armenia in Yerevan's Victory Armenia s brand in a marketplace that Park. (Photo: Karen Minasyan) abounds with mature country brands that and weddings to folk dances and mystical a steady return on investment makes sense.

For tourists, it means not just thinking about enjoy high recognition and popular appeal chants.

Ultimately, each component of the central the guest s first visit, but the next one. the likes of Great Britain, France, Brazil and idea helps inform national strategies for raising The big-idea: Armenia is an eternal source Spain, to name but a few.

Secondarily, regional competitors, such Armenia s potential for greatness in this de­ of inspiration as Turkey, Georgia, Russia and other post- cade and beyond. This, in turn, helps drive As mentioned earlier, Armenia has abundant soviet states are vying for the attentions of the unifying concept for the brand. material from which to build a winning brand.

But for those who come to know the Armenian travelers seeking new experiences and inves­ The unifying concept in action tors scouting for emerging growth markets. The unifying concept works to motivate every­ Armenia needs to stand out by virtue of its one up and down the chain of society and unique assets rather than leverage its similar­ ranks of government to keep strategies, efforts and resources focused on the central idea. ities to its neighbors.

That s where our creative exploratory For Armenia, the Country Branding team has takes on interesting dimensions and perhaps put the unifying concept into one simple sen­ shed more light on the rigors and disciplines tence: Armenia rewards the bold. This is not a slogan or tagline. It serves as the spirit of building a country brand. behind the idea, thereby urging everyone to Defining the central idea rally behind and uphold Armenia s national The central idea is the articulation of the primary behaviors, principles and pragmatic brand.

Armenia s brand values approaches that keep a country brand on Brand values helps shape attitudes about course in realizing its vision.

In the case of Armenia, the central idea what the country will do to live up to its brand, has several crosscurrents running through it. how it will do it and who will serve as Armenia s At once, it inspires the mind and the heart, brand ambassadors . The Country Branding yet it pursues success based on new knowl­ team has identified four brand values for edge. At the same time, it preserves rich Armenia.

1st or 2nd century AD Temple of Garni which is a pagan temple situated at the edge of a 1. Everything should inspire a conver­ triangular cliff and is part of the Fortress of Garni. One of the oldest fortresses in Armenia, it cultural traditions as it aspires to greatness sation. That means that communications is mentioned as 'castellum Gorneas' in the Annals of Tacitus. (Photo: Karen Minasyan) as a modern nation state.

The Country Brand team has translated should spark curiosity, engagement, and insert story of survival and transcendence invariably now.

Despite all the allure that Armenia holds for each of these dimensions into concrete proof the Armenian point of view across a variety come away truly inspired. So it s no wonder points for Armenia. When it comes to inspiring of categories, from fashion, music and science that inspiration is intrinsic to Armenia s brand travellers and businesses, making Armenia s face stand out in a crowd of formidable the mind, for example, Armenia s complex to economic development. The more relevant positioning. competitors, both regionally and internationally, history, ingenious architecture and world dom­ Armenian can become to cultural trends of Armenia s brand positioning statement ination in chess are crystalizing examples of the time, the higher its profile in traditional With the central idea, unifying concept, brand is key to a successful launch of a branded marketing campaign for Armenia. the intellectual legacy that drives Armenian and social media, not to mention positive word values and big idea in place, the Country To this end, our researchers have con­ Branding Team is ready for the next critical of mouth. innovation and invention.

2. Take short-term actions that lead to step: formulating the brand positioning state­ ducted a competitive audit of branding and As for speaking to the heart, Armenia s early Christian roots and emphasis on family long-term value. This value will build brand ment the master narrative about Armenia, tourism campaigns for 80 countries. They concluded that Armenia s brand theme should life appeal to those seeking spiritual fulfillment equity over the long term, as well as compound both in long and short form.

Armenia is a symbol of tradition, innova­ be expressed as what marketers call a highor, for diaspora Armenians, the emotional tug the value of investment year over year and tion and perseverance. It s a place in which order descriptor, meaning that it would ex­ of ancestry and identity. In contrast, the pursuit formalize responsible planning.

3. Fortune favors the bold. Linking a vibrant cultural and spiritual heritage bridge press a feeling or idea, rather than physical of success is suggested by Armenia s growing entrepreneurial sector and the presence of back to the unifying concept, this brand past and future. It s a country that excels assets , such as Egypt has, with its pyramids global companies seeking new markets in the value speaks to Armenia s points of difference because the ability to adapt, create and invent along the Nile. Nor should it focus on emotion, region. And, surely, the emphasis on new and inspires innovation, vision and originality. are part of the national character. And no such as lively Jamaica and colorful Spain, nor 4. Every relationship is an opportunity. matter where on earth or at what point in time, as a call to action, such as the USA and knowledge has sharpened Armenia s compet­ itive edge in high tech, science and medicine. This enshrines the brand in a customer-centric the people thrive knowing they will always be France. Another descriptor that wouldn t make Yet tradition remains intricately woven into philosophy. For economic growth, cultivating a part of an irrepressible, passionate nation. sense for Armenia is proximity, which is used the fabric of Armenian society from holidays long term partnerships with high potential for Thus, the impression of Armenia is eternal. by Belize and the Bahamas.

New York s Metropolitan Museum Considering Exhibit on Armenia (Armenpress) An exhibition devoted to Armenia may be held in one the world s most prominent cultural centers, New York s Metropolitan Museum of Art, in 2017.

Representatives of the Museum s Department of Medieval Art and the Cloisters are currently in Armenia discussing the details of organizing a possible exhibition.

On March 1, the head of the Museum s medieval art department, Griffith Mann, and the Museum s curator for Byzantine art, Helen Evans, visited the History Museum of Armenia,

toured in the cultural center, and inspected the exhibits.

Following the tour, Helen Evans spoke to journalists and noted that they are particularly interested in Armenia s medieval art.

A curator from the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art looks at a scale model of Zvartnots Cathedral, a medieval Armenian building, at Yerevan's History Museum of Armenia.

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Armenia Boasts Region s Most Advanced Fiber Internet Service Armenia is now estimated to have the most advanced fiber-optic network in the South Caucasus The citizens of the Republic of Armenia are enjoying what is believed be the most advanced Fiber to the Home (FTTH) broadband services in the South Caucasus region thanks to a fiber network built

by Ucom LLC that leverages solutions from California-based Calix, Inc. Ucom, a 2014 Calix Innovation Award winner and fast-growing fiber overbuilder in Armenia, continues to expand its extensive gigabit passive optical network (GPON)based network throughout the country. It recently surpassed the 75,000 residential broadband subscriber milestone in Armenia making it the country s largest provider of FTTH residential wireline broadband services by revenue, and a key infrastructure provider for the country s public services, including education, libraries, government offices, and other services.

Ucom, established in 2009, provides advanced wireline FTTH

and wireless broadband services that leverage its fiber access network to connect homes and businesses in most of the country s major cities.

Recognizing an enormous opportunity to bring a world-class fiber access infrastructure to a country previously underserved by an aging copper infrastructure, the company decided to go directly to GPON technology, and put in place a gigabit-capable fiber network.

Ucom initially built the network using the Ericsson BLM 1500 and T-Series ONTs. However, after Calix purchased Ericsson s fiber access assets, and subsequent platform integration work, the company has now switched to the Calix E7-2 and E7-20 Ethernet Service Access Platforms (ESAPs) for future services, to keep up with the everincreasing broadband services demand.

Today, Ucom believes it operates the largest fiber network in Armenia and, by far, the most advanced. The company now passes over 50 percent of the homes in Armenia and is targeting continued

growth of 33 percent in 2015.

Using the power and flexibility of the Calix technologies, Ucom has been able to build what we believe to be the most extensive and advanced fiber optic network in Armenia, said Aleksandr Yesayan, executive director, Ucom. Our steadfast focus on creating a unique and powerful broadband experience over wireline and wireless for Armenians that provides the best quality service at an affordable price has allowed us, in a few short years, to become the nation s largest FTTH broadband services provider. Calix has played a key role in our success to date, and we will continue to leverage this fiber network as we launch new Wi-Fi and LTE services making us the first quad-play operator in Armenia.

With the help of Calix, Ucom s next generation network has already benefited schools, libraries, and other public services offices in the region by increasing their bandwidth tenfold, facilitating activities like teleconferencing and global learning.

Andy Lockhart, senior vice

president, international sales at Calix, said: The broadband infrastructure in Armenia has leapt forward with Ucom s high quality fiber-based networks. Our E7 solutions are ideal to provide the operational efficiencies needed without sacrificing deployment flexibility or service functionality. This leaves service providers like Ucom to concentrate on revenuegenerating, game-changing service delivery options. The company is already offering a wide range of

opportunities for government, education, and library services in Armenia, creating powerful new services that now pass over half of the homes and business in the country and changing the lives and opportunities for the a growing proportion of Armenians.

Ucom s 2014 Calix Innovation Award for its leadership in Armenia will be highlighted at the Calix booth at the FTTH Council Europe Conference, 10-12 February 2015 at EXPO XXI in Warsaw, Poland.

Armenian App Zangi Challenges Skype, Viber Zangi Founder Wants to Ring Out Skype

By Rouben Krikourian At the Innovate Armenia event hosted by the USC Dornsife Institute of Armenian Studies on Feb. 21, a team of software engineers from Armenia, headed by Varham Martirosian, presented a mobile phone application that wowed the audience. The app, called Zangi, aims to provide a communication service similar to Skype and Viber, but, its developers insist, with better, more convenient services than their current leading competitors. The figures seem to suggest that users agree on the app s merits; Zangi is the number one downloaded app in its category in Armenia with 150,000 users, beating out Skype, Viber, Tango and a number of others. The social media app is picking up ground abroad, too, with about 1,000 users in the United States, according to its developers.

Much like Viber, Zangi allows users to make voice and video calls over an Internet connection, for free. The app offers additional features like instant messaging and can even make calls when one or both parties lack an internet connection or when the party receiving a call does not have the Zangi app, although fees will apply in those cases.

One of the advantages Zangi boasts over its competitors is its ability to provide clear audio and video calls even under weak Internet connectivity. The app is also designed to have

as small an impact on mobile phone resources as possible in order to be smoothly operable on less powerful phones. The Zangi develop­ ers pride themselves on creating an app that is as accessible as possible by people around the world. I can name tens of different apps, but the services and ease of use that Zangi provides is unique, founder and chief engineer Varham Martirosian told me while he visited the Asbarez and Horizon offices in Los Angeles on Tuesday.

Martirosian said he and his team faced their share of immense challenges during the development of the app. In fact, he said, they started their development process at about the same time as the teams behind Skype and Viber started theirs, but with far fewer resources.

Our challenges working out of Armenia were unique, Martirosian said. In some aspects, we had advantages in Armenia.

Unlike in the United States, for example, organizing, gathering a team, was easy in Armenia when we started. Five years ago it was very easy to gather a team of software engineers for a project although today it s not as easy. But our disadvantages were mainly in things like accessing the necessary financial instruments to get momentum behind the project.

I asked Martirosian why it is more difficult to find engineers today.

I ve been working in IT for the last fifteen years in Armenia and the rate of integration and advancement has been extremely rapid.

Part of the issue today is that there is a lot more demand for engineers in Armenia, with many more start-ups and a huge influx of outsourced orders from abroad coming into Armenia. The other issue is that there is significant brain drain in Armenia the people with the very high skills needed for high quality projects tend to leave the country to go work abroad where there are more lucrative offers.

This is a problem, Martirosian said.

Martirosian said there is so much demand for software development in Armenia, partic­ ularly in the mobile app sector, that firms are having trouble fulfilling all of the orders coming in.

At USC s Innovate Armenia event, the former Vice President of Twitter Raffi Krikorian said, There s an ember in Armenia [referring to the IT industry], and we need to figure out how to throw gasoline on that fire.

I like to use a different analogy, Martiro­ sian said. I compare the IT industry in Armenia to a pearl. Right now, there is a grain of sand and we need to cultivate it and nurture it so it can become a big pearl.

What we need in Armenia is not help, but investment. We don t need help. We have world class engineers and technology. We need investment to bring meaningful change.

Goris Selected as Pilot for Smart City Concept The City of Goris, in Armenia s southern Syunik Province, has been selected as a pilot for a Smart City concept application in the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) United Smart Cities project.

The Smart City project is an initiative by UNECE to promote sustainable urban development, especially in transition economies and developing countries. The project envisions a better city through the use of intelligent planning and technological assistance.

UNECE describes the Smart City concept as a city that is dynamic in implementing sustainable initiatives.

It is a city, which is able to grant

affordable and healthy housing, and reduce its consumption of energy and emission of pollutants. It is a city which supports green, inclusive, healthy, compact, smart and resilient human settlements; promotes investments in its different sectors; and effectively manages its financial resources. It presents an integrated approach to planning and building, while supporting environmentally clean, affordable public transport, higher air and water quality and efficient waste management. It supports a sustainable management of urban land as well as transparent land and property registration. Its efficiency is improved by the use of innovative technologies and information technology within different sectors. Furthermore, it

encourages the cooperation of different stakeholders operating in public and private sector, academia, NGOs, regulators, authorities, and citizens, UNECE says.

The project objective is to strengthen the capacities of national and local authorities in the selected regions for the development and implementation of national and local policies for sustainable urban development.

One of the core elements is the catalytic knowledge transfer within the network to identify best practices and lessons learned from previous projects and exchange of experience between advanced cities and ambitious transition cities.

We can present our success to Arme­ nians to motivate the growth of this sector.

People in Armenia always hear about some start-up firm or another overseas that had great success. In Armenia that seems like a very distant prospect to people; but we need to break that myth and show everyone that this is possible in Armenia very possible.

What we need for this is investment, a lot of investment. We see that the diaspora helps Armenia, but we need investment for Armenia to become economically successful in this sector.

The app is available as a free download on the Apple App Store and on Google Play, for iOS and Android phones respectively. The developers say they are working on releasing a desktop PC and Mac version of Zangi soon.

IDeA and WWF to Establish Tatev National Park

The Initiatives for Development of Armenia (IDeA) Foundation and World Wildlife Fund in Armenia (WWF Armenia) recently signed an agreement on cooperating in nature conservation and development of ecotourism in Armenia, Mediamax reports.

IDeA and WWF Armenia will carry out joint works to enhance the management of the Devil s Bridge natural monument and will initiate projects aimed at the establishment of a specially protected new natural conservation area Tatev National Park.

The abovementioned

initiatives aim to preserve the area s special ecosystem and uniquely high, yet fragile, biodiversity and to promote ecotourism.

Our cooperation is aimed at environmental protection and tourism development in the Tatev region, said Head of IDeA Foundation Armen Gevorgian. One of the main goals of the Tatev Revival project carried out by the IDeA Foundation is to make the region attractive in terms of tourism, which in turn will promote the social-economic development of the adjacent communities.

2015 ART/CULTURE î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 113 32 Ä.زðî Emmy Award Winning Composer Denise Gentilini to Stage Musical on Armenian Genocide

A three time Emmy award winning composer Denise Gentilini, along with singer, songwriter Lisa Nemzo, has created I Am Alive, a dramatic musical that spans a nearly 75 year love story of her grandparents, celebrating the strength and resilience of the

Armenian people.

Denise Gentilini is the granddaughter of Kourken and Malvine Handjian.

My grandfather, Kourken, became an orphan at the age of eight. His father was killed when the Armenian genocide started in central Turkey, in 1915, where he lived with his family. Along with his surviving family, he was sent on what would become the death march of men, women and children across the Syrian desert to concentration camps. But a Turkish man had pity on this little boy. He rescued him and placed him in an orphanage.

He never saw his family again. My grandmother Malvine also lived in Turkey.

Her father was poisoned in the genocide and because she had too many siblings for her mother to handle, she was given away to another family to be raised by them. As surviving Armenians were deported from Turkey, both Kourken and Malvine wound up in a refugee camp in Greece where they found each other. When she was 14 and he was 19 they married, and spent nearly 75 years together, Denise Gentilini said, speaking to Fox 31 Denver.

Gentilini says while she s known her history for decades, she chose this year to

share what her family went through. In April it will be the 100th commemoration of the Armenian Genocide, and I wanted to tell the story in a different way. So along with internationally celebrated singer songwriter Lisa Nemzo, we created I Am Alive, a dramatic musical that spans a nearly 75 year love story of my grandparents, celebrating the strength and resilience of the Armenian people. There have been plays and movies and marches, but I ve never heard a musical. I believe music is a universal language, so even those who don t know about this time in history might be interested because the music makes it accessible.

Gentilini, an Emmy award winning composer, says I Am Alive, directed by Christy Montour-Larson, is a continuation of the work she s been doing in music for years. As part of the We Are Voices project I ve composed music for Children s Hospital on Autism, for the Iliff School of Theology for their Courage Award for Judy Shephard and for genocide awareness. I grew up with my grandparents nearby and always knew what they lived through and handed down to us was amazing.

It made me want to be an activist and do something: to be the voice for the voiceless.

(The Huffington Post) - The year 2015 is the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide in which over a million Armenians were murdered by the Ottoman Turks. We are already seeing articles that commemorate the Genocide, but one story essential to understanding the Armenian response remains to be told--that of the leadership of Operation Nemesis, a clandestine effort to carry out the death sentences given to the Turkish architects of the Genocide who had escaped punishment.

I grew up in my maternal grandparents' small two-story frame house in Syracuse, N e w Yo r k w h e r e h e a t e d , w e i g h t y conversations about Armenian history and culture took place, but I knew nothing about Operation Nemesis. I heard my how grandmother Eliza loaded rifles to protect the town in the siege of Dortyol during the 1909 Adana massacres in which 30,000 Armenians were murdered; how her brother, Mihran stole past Turkish guns to destroy the dam the Turks built to cripple the town's water supply.

After the foreign consuls intervened to end the siege Mihran was arrested and tortured for his efforts to save his people. His Turkish jailors brought his bloody underwear home for his mother to wash. My grandmother said she washed her son's underwear with her tears. When Eliza exhorted me to eat every last pea on my plate, saying, "remember the starving Armenians," it had more than rhetorical power. I was raised on my grandmother's stories of resistance, but my grandfather never spoke of those days, and I, unconsciously respecting his silence, never asked.

Aaron, my grandfather, spent most of his days in his red leather chair near the wooden radio he listened to every day, silently smoking his Camels with shaking fingers, perhaps from undiagnosed Parkinsons that would, years later, steal my mother's smile and cause her shuffling gait. But when I was three, four, five, my medz-hairig (grandfather), this quiet man who wore a three-piece suit nearly every day of his life, who had private sessions with visiting dignitaries and battle heroes like General Dro (Drastamat Kanayan), bounced me on his foreleg, carried me through the doorways on his shoulders like a coronated

queen, and took me outside at dusk to survey the peach, pear, apple orchards and the grape arbor beyond our back door. When my grandmother and I made our weekly trip to Abajian Cleaners, I carried his wool coat, hugging it to my chest, saying, "I love my medz-hairig. I wish he would live forever." My grandfather lived to 84, the last few years in mental and visual darkness, his eyesight failing, his prodigious brain's neurons deadened from a series of strokes. No one in our family knew until close to 25 years after his death that my grandfather was the bursar and logistical leader of the covert operation to assassinate the Turks responsible for the Armenian Genocide. In 1990 tucked away in my grandfather's files in the upstairs study, the room I slept in as a small child, we found his correspondence, some written in code, with his Nemesis comrades, including Soghomon Tehlirian who shot Talaat Pasha, the primary architect of the Genocide. Between 1920 and 1922 at least eight perpetrators responsible for the genocide were killed. The men of Operation Nemesis saw this effort as "a sacred work of justice" as Shahan Natalie, one of the three leaders, described it.

When I was a small child our social life was organized around Armenian events. The "vakh" vakh," ladies, as we children called them, elderly women dressed in black, who did not dance or laugh, whose signature action was to wring their hands as they echoed the "vakh vahk" that so defined them, were part of our landscape. As a child, I shrank from these women. I knew they lived in an inner world that I did not want to know. As children, we absorbed the meaning of the words "vakh vakh" without being told: the phrase means "what a shame, what a pity." But I did not know then that "vakh" in Armenian means fear. We children feared these women because we knew instinctively that we could become them. The effects of genocide do not disappear by an act of will. Researchers have shown that three quarters of Armenian survivors interviewed asserted that they did not talk to anyone about their experiences of the Genocide for fear of persecution and to protect their children. But silence can exacerbate the effects of trauma, which children can sense. Experiences as well as epigenetics--genetic changes in response to traumatic life events--may affect our behavior

In the Shadow of the Sultan by R.P. Sev­ adjian is a historical coming of age novel, published by Yerani Publications in December 2014. It is the story of a boy in his early teens who leaves his home and journeys 200 miles to his grandmother s town.

The story is set in the late summer of 1896, during the height of the Hamidian Mas­ sacres in Asia Minor the prelude to the Ar­ menian Genocide of 1915. The story is written for teenagers, young adults, and those who have little or no familiarity with Armenian history of the period.

The novel will provide insight into the way Armenians lived at the time. Foreign words have been footnoted and a glossary provided, as well as a list of personal names and their meanings. Short historical notes also guide the reader.

In the Shadow has been written as a continuous narrative, without chapter head­ ings. The psychological implications of vio­ lence graphically described in the narrative often results in trauma. This, in certain types of behavior, is hinted at in the text: coldness, false bravery, survivor s guilt, and haunting and recurring nightmares.

The narrator of the story is the embodi­ ment of what it means to be a Western Arme­ nian: forever cast out of his homeland, a notion that is relatable and topical today. As the Middle East experiences a new age of volatility, displacement is a problem thousands face every day.

The Martyred Armenian Writers 1915-1922

Sacred Justice

By Mariam Mesrobian MacCurdy

New Book: In the Shadow of the Sultan

By Rupen Janbazian

and perhaps that of our children. Perpetrators as well as victims may also be affected by these problematic epigenetic changes. We are left with the unsettling premise that not only the sins of the fathers may be visited upon their children, but their responses from being sinned against as well. If so, this means that the Genocide is still happening--to both perpetrators and their victims.

At a lecture in Cambridge, MA on January 13, 2015 Turkish scholar Taner Akcam was asked why he does the difficult work of telling the story of the Armenian Genocide and its aftermath. He talked of his family's dedication to supporting human rights in Turkey and the prison terms that generated. He spoke of his brother's jailors sending home his bloody underwear. Turk or Armenian--bloody underwear is the same. His words remind me of those of Chief Seattle after the United States government stole his people's land, exiling them. With his hand on the short governor's head, the white conquerors around him, and his people before him he said, "Tribe follows tribe, and nation follows nation.... We may be brothers after all. We will see." Let us hope in this year of the centennial the door to truth and freedom begins to open--for both Armenians and Turks.

Marian Mesrobian MacCurdy, retired professor and chair of the Department of Writing at Ithaca College, currently teaches creative nonfiction at Hampshire College. She is the author of three books--Sacred Justice: The Voices and Legacy of the Armenian Operation Nemesis, The Mind's Eye:Image and Memory in Writing About Trauma, and Writing and Healing:Toward an Informed Prctice--and essays, articles, and poems. She is also had a singer of opera and chamber music

As Armenians around the world prepare to commemorate the Centennial of the Arme­ nian Genocide, writer and playwright Dr. Herand Markarian has taken on the ambitious task of memorializing 13 of the most prominent Armenian writers who were martyred in the genocide, in a new anthology entitled The Martyred Armenian Writers 1915-1922.

Markarian s anthology, which was pub­ lished by Libra-6 Productions in New York earlier this year, begins with an introduction to Armenian history, with a particular focus on the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire and the evolution of Ottoman-Armenian literature.

Markarian then gives readers a concise, yet methodical history of the Armenian Genocide through eyewitness accounts, and a chronol­ ogy of events during the genocide based on the memoirs of the Very Rev. Krikoris Balakian.

Markarian also dedicates a page to the differ­ ent prison sites where Armenian writers and intellectuals from Constantinople were de­ tained starting on April 24 and later murdered.

The final hours of Taniel Varoujan, Rupen Sevag, and Indra (Dikran Chrakian) are de­ tailed through excerpts from Micheal Sham­ danjian and Ohan Bedigian, two eyewitnesses to the genocide.

Markarian then provides comprehensive biographies of the 13 martyred writers which include Rupen Zartarian, Kegham Parseghian, Yerukhan (Yervant Srmakeshkanlian), Hrant (Melkon Gurjian), and Taniel Varoujan and highlights their literary characteristics and accomplishments.

Perhaps the biggest highlight in Markar­ ian s anthology is his masterful translation of the writers works. The excerpts are carefully selected and are wide-ranging in literary style and genre from plays, (like Smpad Pyurad s The Eagle of Avarayr ) to poems (Siamanto s The Dance ) and both fiction (Krikor Zohrab s The Burden of Responsibility) and non-fiction (Hrant s Lives of Bantookht).

Markarian has done an exceptional job in presenting nearly all facets of Armenian literature at the time. The translations of the original Armenian versions are done meticu­ lously, and are vital to the success of this book.

As we approach the 100th anniversary of the night when most of the profiled writers were arrested and subsequently murdered, Markarian s book proves to be a fitting tribute to the martyrs of what is sometimes called our Red Sunday.

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ä³ïñ³ëïáõÃÇõÝÁ -ä³ïñ³ëï»É ÙÇçáõÏÁ ëá˳é³ÍÇÝ Ë³éÝ»Éáí ³ñÙïÇùÝ»ñÁ, ѳٻÙáõÝùÝ»ñÝ áõ Ù³Ýñáõ³Í ϳݳãÇÝ: -ÊÙáñÁ å³ïñ³ëï»Éáõ ѳٳñ ï³ù ·»ïݳËÝÓáñÁ ×½Ù»É, ˳éÝ»É ÏáñÏáïÇÝ, Ñ³Ù»Ù»É »õ ß³Õ»É. Ù³ïÝ»ñÁ Ãñç»Éáí ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ß³Õ»É, ÙÇÝã»õ áñ ÷³÷áõÏ ËÙáñÇ í»ñ³ÍáõÇ »õ Ñݳñ³õáñ ÁÉÉ³Û ÏáÉáɳÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³ó»É. »Ã¿ ѳñÏÝ »Õ³õ ùÇã ÙÁ ³ÉÇõñ ˳éÝ»É ÏáñÏáïÇÝ Ñ»ï: -êáíáñ³Ï³Ý ÏáÉáɳÏÇ ÝÙ³Ý µ³ó»É ËÙáñÁ, ÉóáÝ»É ÙÇçáõÏáí, ÷³Ï»ÉÇë ÉÇÙáÝÇ Ï³Ù ÏÉáñ Ó»õ ï³É: -î³åÏ»É ³é³ï ï³ù Ó¿ÃÇ Ù¿ç:

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