UDOT Construction Inspection Guide - Chapter 5 by TLCS

UDOT Construction Inspection Guide CHAPTER 5: Pavements & Materials

Published November 2012

Table of Contents Pavement & Materials 5.1 Bases

02721 – Untreated Base Course

02741 – Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)

02962 – In-Place Cold Recycled Asphaltic Base

02744 – Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)

UTBC consists of the construction of a base course composed of natural gravel, crushed ….

In-place Cold Recycled Asphalt Base consists of the reclamation of the existing asphalt.…

02712 – Lean Concrete Base Course

Lean concrete base course is a stabilized base course used to bridge softer subgrades and….

02985 – Full Depth Reclamation

Full Depth Reclamation consists of the pulverization of the existing pavement and..

5.3

5.2 Flexible Pavements

HMA consists of the batching, hauling, placement and compaction of a plant mixed… SMA consists of the batching, hauling, placement and compaction of a plant mixed…

02705 - Pavement Cutting

Includes the saw or cut of pavement, curb and gutter, sidewalk and any appurtenances…

02078 - Asphalt Overlay Fabric

Is a needle punched, nonwoven manmade polymeric fabric placed over asphalt….

02961 - Rotomilling

Consists of the milling of the existing bituminous surface at the correct….

02963 – Profile Rotomilling Wearing Courses 02786 – Open Graded Surface Course

Is the top surface of a pavement structure designed to improve skid resistance and drain water from the….

02785 – Chip Seal Coat

Materials and procedures for applying emulsified asphalt and an application of cover material…

02787 – Bonded Wearing Course

Is the top surface of a pavement structure designed to improve skid resistance and drain water from the….

02789– Asphalt Slurry Seal Coat

Products and procedures for mixing and spreading a properly proportioned mixture of fine graded ….

02735 – Micro-Surfacing

Mixing and spreading a properly proportioned mixture of aggregate mineral filler, polymer modified ….

Consists of surface milling to the profile and cross-slope specified in the plans ….

02748 – Prime Coat/Tack Coat

Prime coat is the placement of liquid or emulsified asphalt to a prepared subgrade….

02746 – Hydrated Lime

A material added to HMA aggregates that act as an anti-stripping agent….

02743 –HMA Bike & Pedestrian Path

Deals with the products and procedures for constructing an asphalt surface course….

Table of Contents - Continued

5.4 Rigid Pavement

02752 – Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

Is a mixture of Portland cement, potable water, clean well graded sand and gravel and an air entrainment ….

02981 – Grinding Pavement

This section covers the grinding of existing PCCP pavement and should not be confused with new…

02751 – Partial Depth Repair – Concrete Pavements

Consists of the removal of spalled or delaminated concrete in the upper 1/3 to 1/2 of the pavement …..

02753- Full Depth Replacement – Concrete Pavements

The inspector should visually observe that the contractor removes the correct panels.. ….

02754 – Dowel Bar Retrofit

Inspector should inspect the contractors’ equipment to ensure it has sufficient capability to complete the….

02755 – Concrete Slab Jacking

Includes the pressurized injection of a product to raise and support a failed section of concrete pavement….

03314 – Structural Concrete - Lightweight

Typically used in bridge or other applications where the weight of the concrete can be a problem for the ….

5.5

01452 – Pavement Smoothness Verification consists of Contractor testing

using a California type profiler, certified and approved by UDOT. Both operators and equipment…

Untreated Base Course

Dowel Bar Retrofit Pavement Grinding Full Depth Reclamation

Pavement Smoothness

Prime Coat/Tack Coat

Lean Concrete Base Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Asphalt Overlay Fabric

Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)

Rotomilling Chip Seal Coat

Open Graded Surface Course Bonded Wearing Course

Asphalt Slurry Seal Coat

Concrete Slab Jacking

Cold Recycled Asphaltic Base

Micro-Surfacing

Structural Concrete Open Graded Surface Course

Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

Partial/Full Depth Repair

CHAPTER 5: PAVEMENTS & MATERIALS

5.1 BASES

Chapter 5

A) UNTREATED BASE COURSE â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SECTION 02721 Untreated Base Course consists of the construction of a base course composed of natural gravel, crushed rock, or crushed slag placed on a prepared subbase or subgrade. The aggregate is hauled, placed, processed, graded and compacted to specification requirements. The inspector should verify the material being used; observe the placement, processing and grading; and then arrange for or perform the sampling and testing required by the project special provision or standard specification and the UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements.

Source Requirements At least 5 days prior to hauling the untreated base course material to the project, the Contractor must submit to the Engineer the following test data on the material: 1. Name of supplier and source (pit) 2. Dry Rodded Unit Weight, AASHTO T 19 3. LL/PI, AASHTO T 90/T 89 4. Aggregate Wear, AASHTO T 96 5. Maximum Dry Density and Moisture Contents, AASHTO T-180, Method D 6. Submitted Gradation, AASHTO T 11/AASHTO T 27, Project Gradation Targets based on specification requirements 7. CBR, AASHTO T 193 8. Fracture Face, AASHTO TP 61

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Prior to hauling and placing material, inspector should get a copy of the approved job mix formula (gradation targets). If an approved job mix formula cannot be found, the inspector should immediately contact the Resident or Field Engineer to verify if job mix formula has been approved. If not, inspector should inform contractor that the material has not been approved and is subject to removal if approval cannot be obtained. At a minimum, the following information should be included on the approved job mix formulation document: 1. Name of supplier and source (pit) 2. Project Gradation Targets 3. Submitted Laboratory Proctor (dry density and optimum moisture)

Inspection Preparation Copies of plans, specifications and the UDOT MS&T must be reviewed prior to performing testing and inspection. The inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must review the project requirements for the untreated base course and, using the estimated quantities to be placed, determine what sampling and testing is required on a daily basis. These requirements are based on the placement type identified in the plans and specifications and the applicable sections of the UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements. After determining the type of sampling and testing to be performed, the inspector should calculate the random number sets to be used for determining sample locations. Density testing for Untreated Base Course requires that the nuclear density gauge technician be UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified. Testing is not to be performed by an unqualified technician.

Site Inspection Prior to hauling and placing, the inspector must verify and document that the underlying surface is acceptable for untreated base placement. The inspector must visually inspect and document that the surface has been previously accepted from a material placement standpoint, is still smooth and level, i.e. without ruts, that the surface is free of standing water or frost, and that any geotextile fabric or grid is properly placed and anchored in accordance with project requirements.

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Hauling and Placing Untreated Base Course is hauled from the pit and placed on a prepared subgrade and placed in lifts of consistent thickness and processed as necessary to remove segregated areas. Lifts are not to exceed 6â&#x20AC;? in thickness unless approved by the Engineer. During the spreading and mixing, the contractor is permitted, at his discretion, to add the necessary moisture to the material to bring the material to specified moisture content for proper compaction, as per section 02721, Part 3 - Execution. Material should be blended full depth and width to achieve consistent moisture content throughout the lift. Field moisture tests, as per UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing Requirements, are to be performed at this point. The inspector coordinates with the crew materials technician to obtain samples from the randomly determined locations immediately after the aggregate has been processed and spread, but prior to compaction, of each lift. The inspector must verify material quantities placed by reviewing quantities on delivery tickets. The inspector must receive copies of tickets for materials delivered to the project each day. The inspector must document sample locations and tests to be performed on each sample. The inspector should document the physical description of material to verify material in field is what is represented by the approval document. The following words or attributes are appropriate examples of descriptions to use: 1. Color: general description 2. Maximum particle size: estimate diameter of largest aggregate particle 3. Aggregate shape: round, flat, fractured 4. Gradation: well-graded, gap-graded, segregated 5. Contamination: none or describe foreign objects, clay/silt spots, garbage

Compaction, Finishing and In-Place Density Testing The contractor will compact each lift to contract requirements. The inspector must document the compaction eďŹ&#x20AC;orts, including equipment used and number of passes with each type of roller (rolling pattern). The inspector coordinates with the crew materials technician to determine who will perform the density testing. Testing is not to be performed by an unqualified technician. Either the inspector or materials technician performs density

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testing at the contractor’s request, when the contractor believes he has met project density requirements. Density test results, whether passing or failing, must be documented in the field. Failing test locations must be identified for additional compaction or reworking and density testing. Density retests must be identified as a “retest” of a prior failing location. Inspector must visually inspect and document finished grade for smoothness and uniformity to Line and Grade according to plans and specifications with surface deviations less than 3/8” in 10’, in any direction. (This may be checked with a string line or straightedge.) The inspector must inspect and document the slope ratio for accuracy and uniformity. It is very important that all loose and segregated areas be repaired. Before application of prime, a tight uniform surface must be achieved, meeting the requirements of the specifications.

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Rework Areas If placements are identified as deficient the contractor must rework the affected areas to achieve compliance with specification requirements. The inspector should inform the contractor of the deficiency, but should refrain from directing the contractor in how to “fix” the deficiency. Gradation issues are typically fixed through a combination of introducing new materials and/or remixing. Remixing can be performed with the use of a pulverizer or through blading back and forth with a grader. Using a grader to blade back and forth requires significantly more effort and the inspector should increase the number of samples taken to verify proper uniformity. The inspector must document the efforts of the contractor, including materials added or removed, and methods of remixing. Compaction and moisture issues are typically fixed through scarification of the surface, drying or adding water as necessary, and then re-compacting. The inspector must document the efforts of the contractor, including water added or drying time, and methods of compacting as described above.

Common Issues 1. Soft spots that will occur during hauling, placing or compaction operations 2. Segregation of materials due to too much moving back and forth on the grade 3. Contamination of materials through garbage or the wrong aggregate 4. Not compacting the edges of the placement in the same pattern as the rest of the placement.

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02721: UNTREATED BASE COURSE

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved job mix gradation - supplier, pit, targets, optimum density and moisture, description of material.  Review of project documents – supplemental/special provisions, plans, standard specifications and Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements.  Estimated placement total for determining MS&T frequencies.  Determination of Placement Type – I, II, or III section 02721, Part 1 - General.  Determination of number of samples and tests to be performed.  Random number calculations for laboratory sample and field density locations.  Nuclear density gauge certifications.

Pre-Placement Items  Visual verification that underlying surface is acceptable – flat and level, appropriate elevation, free of standing water/frost/ruts.  Visual verification of Geotextile placement, if applicable – flat, proper overlaps, proper anchorage.

Field Documentation Items  Sampling and Testing frequencies as determined from specifications/MS&TR.  Random number calculations.  Tickets and daily quantity summary for T-138.  Proper lift thickness and processing (no segregation).  Proper moisture content during placement - moisture added and field moisture test results.  Compaction equipment type used and compaction method/pattern noted.  Proper compaction after placement – density test locations and results, retest areas identified and tied to follow-up testing.  Finish grading tolerances met, cross slope ratio – stringline/survey checks and results.  Required samples taken and submitted to laboratory (gradations, moistures, proctors, fractured face, CBRs if required for field verification).  Documentation of rework areas and needed retests - documented and tied to original locations and test results.  Documentation for out of spec materials left in place – engineers signature/c-106.

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B) IN-PLACE COLD RECYCLED ASPHALTIC BASE – SECTION 02962 In-Place Cold Recycled Asphalt Base consists of the reclamation of the existing asphalt and base from the roadway. Once the material has been reclaimed it is crushed and pulverized as it is mixed with emulsified asphalt, quick lime slurry, and water if required. The new, thoroughly mixed material is placed on the existing surface followed by compaction eﬀorts. The process can be completed with a single machine, or an equipment train.

Submittal Requirements At least 10 working days prior to initiating pulverization of the existing pavement, the Contractor must submit to the Engineer the following: 1. Project Specific Mix Design 2. Manufacturer’s Certification of Compliance for Quick Lime. 3. Quality Control Plan, which should address: a. Milling and pulverization operation b. Moisture determination and control c. Binder/emulsion content and control d. Depth of process verification e. Compaction operations

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Prior to start of the pulverization, the inspector should obtain a copy of the approved project mix design. If an approved project mix design cannot be found, the inspector should immediately contact the Resident or Field Engineer to verify if project mix design has been approved. If not, the inspector should inform the contractor that the material has not been approved and is subject to removal if approval cannot be obtained. At a minimum, the following information should be included on the approved project mix design document: 1. Binder/emulsion supplier and grade 2. Depth of reclamation 3. Optimum moisture content of pulverized material before blending 4. Binder/emulsion content 5. Marshall density and optimum moisture of blended material Also, prior to start of the pulverization, the inspector should get a copy of the approved FDR Quality Control Plan and verify and document that the Engineer has approved the contractorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposed equipment for performing reclamation process.

Inspection Preparation Copies of plans, specifications and the UDOT MS&T must be reviewed prior to performing testing and inspection. Inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must review the project requirements for the in-place cold recycled asphalt base sampling and testing. After determining the type of sampling and testing to be performed, the inspector should calculate the random number sets necessary to be used for determining any sample locations. Density testing for full-depth reclamation requires that the nuclear density gauge technician be UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified. Testing is not to be performed by an unqualified technician.

Pre-Inspection Equipment must be inspected prior to operations to ensure that suďŹ&#x192;cient power, traction and stability to maintain an accurate depth of cut during operations. The equipment must process full depth and lane width in one pass, with screening and crushing capabilities. The machine must be capable of mixing the pulverized material, emulsified binding agent, and quick lime slurry to a homogeneous mixture. Lime slurry equipment must have capabilities to accurately proportion quick lime and water, mix these ingredients to obtain proper slaking, and maintain Page | 8

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CHAPTER 5 uniform, homogenous slurry. The slurry must be agitated suďŹ&#x192;ciently to prevent separation while transporting. The lime slurry will then be added to the pulverized surfacing by a spray bar at the cutting head on the mill. The slurry must be accurately metered into the recycled materials. Mixing machines must obtain capabilities of placing the mixed material into a windrow or directly into the paver hopper. All machinery and equipment must have meters capable of measuring the flow rates and total delivery of the additives. The area must be clean or clear of all debris and vegetation within 1â&#x20AC;&#x2122; of the pavement edge. Recycling operations should only be performed when temperatures are at a minimum of 50 F in the shade, and 70 F pavement temperature. Recycling operations should not be performed when weather is foggy or rainy.

Inspection Pulverization of Existing Roadway: Prior to pulverization, the inspector must verify and document that any required rotomilling of the surface has been performed. Prior to blending, the inspector must verify that the specified grade and depth of material has been established, and that the material is consistent throughout. The inspector should visually inspect that the underlying crushed aggregate base has not been disturbed. The contractor is permitted, at his discretion, to add or remove moisture to the pulverized material to bring the material to specified moisture content for proper compaction, as per the approved mix design. Material should be blended full depth and width to achieve consistent moisture content throughout the lift. Inspector must verify and document that contractor is performing the Quality Control sampling and testing for thickness, moisture content and gradation. Inspector, in coordination with crew materials technician, must arrange for or perform the required Quality Assurance/ Acceptance testing for maximum particle size. The contractor should provide

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dust control operations to prevent dust created by the cutting and milling operations. The inspector should visually observe that no organic materials, soil, or other foreign materials enter the mix, that lime slurry is incorporated into the mixing operation and that ticket information is collected from the mix delivery driver of each individual truck. The contractor should be notified immediately if any deviations occur, so corrective actions may be taken. Blending of Pulverized Material with Asphalt Emulsion/Binder: Blending of the pulverized materials with asphalt emulsion and binder is typically done in a second operation. Inspector must verify and document that contractor is performing required Quality Control sampling and testing for thickness and emulsion/binder content (yield calculation), and that the testing is being performed by a UDOT qualified technician. Inspector, in coordination with crew materials technician, must arrange for or perform the required Quality Assurance/Acceptance sampling of the asphalt binder/emulsion. Liquid binder samples are taken from the delivery truck in the presence of a contractor’s representative. Binder Sample Witness forms are to be filled out, signed and submitted with the samples to the UDOT Region Lab. The inspector must verify binder/emulsion quantities placed by reviewing quantities on delivery tickets. The inspector must receive copies of tickets for binder/emulsion delivered to the project each day. Compaction, Finishing and In-Place Density Testing: The contractor will compact each lift in accordance with the UDOT determined rolling pattern. The inspector must arrange for or perform the required density testing to establish the wet density standard and rolling pattern to achieve desired compaction as per section 02985 Part 1 General. The inspector coordinates with the crew materials technician to determine who will perform the assurance/acceptance density testing. Testing is not to be performed by an unqualified technician. It is recommended that the inspector perform this in conjunction with the contractor’s Quality Control personnel to minimize variability. The inspector must document the compaction eﬀorts, including equipment used and number of passes with each type of roller (rolling pattern). Density test results, whether passing or failing, must be documented in the field. Failing test locations must be identified for additional compaction or reworking and density testing. Density retests must be identified as a “retest” of a prior failing location. Inspector must verify and document that the contractor is performing the required Quality Control for profile and contour as indicated on the project plans. Page | 10

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Rework Areas If placements are identified as deficient the contractor must rework the affected areas to achieve specification requirements. The inspector should inform the contractor as to areas of deficiency, but should refrain from directing the contractor in how to “fix” the deficiency. Compaction issues may be fixed through immediate re-compaction. Recompaction may not be performed on materials that have begun initial set (approximately 2 to 3 hours after binder/ emulsion is added). If the inspector is unclear regarding initial set occurrence, contact the Resident Engineer, Field Engineer or Contractor’s FDR Technical Specialist. The inspector must document the efforts of the contractor, including water added or drying time, and methods of compacting as described above. If density is consistently higher or lower than desired, the inspector may need to re-establish the wet density standard and associated rolling pattern (likely due to change in in-place material properties or consistency). Traffic should be prohibited on compacted recycled material for two hours after compaction is complete. The contractor should remove all loose aggregates with a power broom before allowing traffic on the compacted recycled material.

Sampling and Testing The Department shall run five in-place density tests on each test lot. The test lot is defined as the amount of cold recycled material placed in one full day’s production. The density shall consist of the mean of three in-place nuclear wet density tests. The target density shall be established by obtaining a sample of loose material from the roadway just ahead of the rolling

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operation. The sample should be heated at 140 F for two hours maximum. The mix should be compacted immediately using the standard 50-blow Marshall procedures. The target for roadway compaction is 96% of the mean of the 3 Marshall’s taken from each lot.

Common Issues 1. Milling too fast to achieve maximum allowable particle sizes. 2. Milling too deep and getting into base and subgrade materials that are not accounted for in the design. 3. Incorrect amount of emulsion blended into the mix. 4. Insuﬃcient compaction. 5. Allowing traﬃc on the mix before mix is properly cured.

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CHAPTER 5 02962: IN-PLACE COLD RECYCLED ASPHALTIC BASE

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved mix design – binder, depth, moisture and density.  Review of project documents – supplemental/special provisions, plans, standard specifications and Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements.  Determination of type of samples and tests to be performed.  Random number calculations for laboratory sample and field density locations.  Copy of Approved FDR QC plan.  Verify Engineer approval of contractor’s reclamation equipment.  Nuclear density gauge certifications.

Pre-Pulverization Items  Visual veriﬁcation that any required rotomilling has been performed.

Pre-Blending and Injection Items  Depth and grade of pulverized materials.  Consistency of pulverized material.  Verify maximum particle size.  Verify contractor performing QC procedures.  Verify moisture content through contractor QC procedures.

Field Documentation Items  Sampling and Testing frequencies as determined from specifications/MS&TR.  Random number calculations.  Binder/Emulsion tickets.  Contractor QC Documentation regarding thickness, moisture content, binder/ emulsion content (yield), profile and grade, moisture content for acceptance prior to covering with next layer.  Contractor Quality Control technician certification (UDOT TTQP).  Compaction equipment type used and compaction method/pattern noted.  Proper compaction after placement – density test locations and results, retest areas identified and tied to follow-up testing.  Required samples taken and submitted to laboratory (gradations, binder/emulsion).  Documentation of rework areas and needed retests - documented and tied to original locations and test results.  Documentation for out of spec materials left in place – engineers signature/c-106.

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C) LEAN CONCRETE BASE COURSE—SECTION 02712 Lean concrete base course is a stabilized base course used to bridge softer subgrades and provide a solid paving platform for PCC pavement. LCB is usually placed 4”to 6” thick and is comprised of Portland cement, sand and coarse aggregate, similar to PCC. The main diﬀerence is a significantly lower amount of Portland cement is used for LCB, resulting in lower strengths that do not require saw-cutting joints.

Items for Submittal The Engineer should be provided with a written job-mix design for approval before placing lean concrete base course. 1. Base the job-mix design, including water-cement ratio, on trial batch results that verify the concrete mix design strength. 2. Do not change the job-mix design without written approval. 3. Meet the required specifications. 4. Provide the Engineer with documentation from the manufacturer verifying that the curing compound is a wax-base product in accordance with the UDOT Specification. 5. Provide results of aggregate suitability testing according to the following requirements: i. Meet the requirements of AASHTO M80 and AASHTO M6 for coarse and fine aggregate respectively. ii. Non-plastic. iii. Aggregate Job-Mix Gradation: AASHTO T11 and AASHTO T 27.

Pre-Inspection Items The inspector must verify that all submittals have been submitted and approved. The inspector can verify this through the Engineer, the Materials Technician, and UDOT’s Materials website. The inspector should verify with the Materials Technician that all UDOT MS&T requirements Page | 14

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CHAPTER 5 for the aggregate stockpiles are being met. (This is an ongoing process throughout the paving process). The inspector should obtain a copy of the approved mix design for the project. The inspector should review the project specifications for UDOTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s MS&T requirements. The inspector must verify that the grade and profile is correct according to the project plans and that all UDOT MS&T requirements for the underlying surface have been met. This can be verified through the Engineer or the Materials Technician. This may require using a string line or measuring device to ensure proper depth or thickness is met. The inspector must verify that the contractor is using a line and grade control system that limits deviations in the pavement surface. The inspector should verify that the contractor has provided a testing platform and cylinder storage device within 250â&#x20AC;&#x2122; of the batch plant that meets project specifications or has arranged for optional on grade facilities if the platform is not being used.

Inspection The contractor must establish line and grade control to ensure the correct profile is placed. The base course must be pre-wetted before the concrete lean base course is placed. It is recommended that the contractor maintain a minimum distance of 500' in front of paving operations. Once paving operations begin, the contractor must keep the base course or existing surface moist at least 500â&#x20AC;&#x2122; in front of the paving machine. Areas of standing water should be avoided. The inspector should visually observe throughout the day that the contractor is maintaining their grade stakes on the underlying surface for grade control of the paving operation to ensure that proper concrete lean base thickness is met. The inspector should verify with the concrete testing technician that the batches of lean base concrete are within project specifications for slump, air content, and temperature prior to the concrete lean base being placed at the paver. All batch tickets should be collected by the concrete testing technician to provide documentation on each batch. The inspector must also verify that the correlation testing between the platform and the in-place testing is being performed and that the concrete is still within project specifications behind the paver. If the correlation tests show that the concrete is out of project specification behind the paver, the inspector must notify the contractor immediately to correct the batching operation. Additional testing must be performed if any changes have been made to the batching operations to verify that the concrete meets project specifications.

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The inspector should visually observe that the lean base concrete is being placed in a manner that evenly distributes the concrete throughout the width of the paver so as not to overload the paver resulting in an uneven grade or profile. Segregation in the concrete can also occur by not distributing the concrete evenly across the paver. If the paver is not maintaining an even distribution of concrete the contractor should be notified immediately to correct the situation. The inspector should visually observe that the automatic finish tools on the paving machine are working properly and that the hand finishing is done in a timely manner without overworking the surface. The inspector should also inspect the edges to ensure that the edges are not sagging due to overworking or excessive slump. If any edge slumping is observed then the contractor should be notified immediately to determine if the concrete batching should be corrected or finishing of the concrete should be adjusted in order to maintain correct edge profiles.

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CHAPTER 5 The inspector should visually observe that the curing operation is being completed in a manner that provides at least 95% coverage over the total mat area. If this is not being accomplished the contractor should be notified and the paving operation should be shut down to allow for curing procedures to be corrected. The inspector should verify that the contractor is maintaining their cold/hot weather plans for the protection of the concrete mat and that no traďŹ&#x192;c has been allowed on the concrete mat prior to verification by strength testing that strength has been met. This can be verified through the Materials Technician and Engineer.

Sampling and Testing The MS&T requirement for sieve analysis of lean concrete base course is one per stockpile. Thickness tests will be measured from cores taken every 12,000'Â˛. No strength tests are required on concrete lean base course. During paving operations, the inspector must coordinate with the materials technician to perform sampling of fresh lean base concrete samples according to the UDOT MS&T requirements. Samples are to be collected and documented by a UDOT TTQP qualified concrete technician and should be based on random number calculations. The inspector must document the qualifications of the technician performing the sampling. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented by the inspector. The inspector should verify that the following MS&T requirements have been met: 1. Stockpile Gradations. 2. Slump, Air Content, and Concrete Temperature. 3. Air content Correlation testing to determine loss of entrained air from the platform to the finished in-place pavement. 4. Compressive Strength Test. 5. Thickness.

Common Issues 1. Stockpile gradations that are out of specification. 2. Paving without an approved mix design. 3. Failure to apply proper curing compound.

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02712: LEAN CONCRETE BASE COURSE

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved mix design - Mix design trial batch information for lean base concrete.  Certiﬁed scale axle weights for each haul unit in terms of yardage to be hauled when requested by the Engineer.  Written plan for approval 14 calendar days before concrete placement- Including ingredients, production methods, handling and placing, sampling and testing platform, and protection and curing hot or cold weather plan.  Veriﬁcation that the batch plant meets the requirements of the UDOT Quality Management Plan for Ready-Mix Concrete trial batch testing at the plant and mixer uniformity testing.

Pre-Paving Items  Verify that the grade and profile are correct according to project plans.  Verify that all UDOT MS&T requirements have been met on the underlying surface and aggregate stockpiles.  Verify the contractor has provided a testing platform within 250' of the batch plant that meets project specifications or has arranged for optional on grade facilities if the platform is not being used.  Inspector must ensure that all equipment at the paving site is checked for compliance with specifications.

Observation of Paving Items  Verify the contractor is keeping the base course or existing surface moist at least 500’ in front of the paving machine. Areas of standing water should be avoided.  Verify the contractor is maintaining their grade stakes on the underlying surface for grade control of the paving operation to ensure that proper concrete thickness is met.  Verify with the concrete testing technician that the batches of concrete are within project specifications for slump, air content, and temperature prior to the concrete being placed at the paver.  Verify that the correlation testing between the platform and the in-place testing are being performed and that the concrete is still within project specifications behind the paver.  Visually observe that the concrete is being placed in a manner that evenly distributes the concrete throughout the width of the paver so as not to overload the paver resulting in an uneven grade or profile.  Visually observe that the automatic finish tools on the paving machine are working properly and that the hand finishing is done in a timely manner without overworking the surface.  Inspect the edges to ensure that the edges are not sagging due to overworking or excessive slump.  Visually observe that the curing operation is being completed in a manner that provides at least 95% coverage over the total mat area.  Visually observe that all saw cutting take place in a timely manner and as per project specifications for type of cut, depth, etc.  Verify the contractor has filled the joint flush with the project approved joint sealant. The concrete mat should not have any equipment or traffic prior to the joints being sealed.  Verify the contractor is maintaining their cold/hot weather plans for the protection of the concrete mat and that no traffic has been allowed on the concrete mat prior to verification by strength testing that strength has been met.

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CHAPTER 5 02712: LEAN CONCRETE BASE COURSE (Continued)

Sampling and Testing Items  Coordinate with the materials technician to perform sampling of fresh lean base concrete samples according to the UDOT MS&T requirements. This can be done at the platform or another approved on- site testing facility.  Qualiﬁcations of sampling technicians.  Sieve Analysis (Sampling occurs at the batch plant).  Slump, Air Content, Concrete Temperature, Strength Testing (Sampling occurs at the batch plant or approved on-site facility).  Correlation testing for Air Content between platform and approved on-site facility and behind the paver.  Lean Base Concrete Thickness.

D) FULL-DEPTH RECLAMATION – SECTION 02985 Full-Depth Reclamation consists of the pulverization of the existing pavement and/or base material to the required depth and width, the blending of the pulverized material with an asphalt emulsion or binder, and the grading and compaction of the blended material to final grade. The inspector should verify the depth of milling prior to pulverization, the depth of pulverization, the type and amount of asphalt binder used; observe the placement, processing, grading and compaction; and then arrange for or perform the sampling and testing required by the project special provision or standard specification and the UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements.

Submittal Requirements At least 10 working days prior to initiating pulverization of the existing pavement and/or base, the Contractor must submit to the Engineer the following: 1. Project Specific Mix Design 2. Manufacturer’s Certification of Compliance for the Solventless Emulsion 3. Quality Control Plan, which should address: a. Milling and pulverization operation b. Moisture determination and control c. Binder/emulsion content and control d. Depth of process verification e. Compaction and grading operations f. Moisture content determination prior to covering

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Also, prior to start of the pulverization, the inspector should get a copy of the approved project mix design. If an approved project mix design cannot be found, the inspector should immediately contact the Resident or Field Engineer to verify if project mix design has been approved. If not, inspector should inform contractor that the material has not been approved and is subject to removal if approval cannot be obtained. At a minimum, the following information should be included on the approved project mix design document: 1. Binder/emulsion supplier and grade 2. Depth of reclamation 3. Optimum moisture content of pulverized material before blending 4. Binder/emulsion content 5. Proctor density and optimum moisture of blended material Prior to start of the pulverization, the inspector should get a copy of the approved FDR Quality Control Plan and verify and document that the Engineer has approved the contractorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposed equipment for performing reclamation process.

Inspection Preparation Copies of plans, specifications and the UDOT MS&T must be reviewed prior to performing testing and inspection. Inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must review the project requirements for the full-depth reclamation sampling and testing. After determining the type of sampling and testing to be performed, the inspector should calculate the random number sets necessary to be used for determining any sample locations. Density testing for fulldepth reclamation requires that the nuclear density gauge technician be UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified. Testing is not to be performed by an unqualified technician.

Pulverization of Existing Roadway Prior to pulverization, the inspector must verify and document that any required rotomilling of the surface has been performed. Prior to blending, the inspector must verify that the specified grade and depth of material has been established, and that the material is consistent throughout. The contractor is permitted, at his discretion, to add or remove moisture to the pulverized material to bring the material to specified moisture content for proper compaction, as per the approved mix design. Material should be blended full depth and width to achieve consistent moisture content throughout the lift. Inspector must verify and document that contractor is performing required Quality Control sampling, testing for thickness, continuity of Page | 20

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CHAPTER 5 lime-slurry operation, moisture content and gradation. Inspector, in coordination with crew materials technician, must arrange for or perform the required Quality Assurance/ Acceptance testing for maximum particle size.

Blending of Pulverized Material with Asphalt Emulsion/Binder Blending of the pulverized materials with asphalt emulsion and binder is typically done in a second operation. Inspector must verify and document that contractor is performing required Quality Control sampling and testing for thickness and emulsion/binder content (yield calculation), and that the testing is being performed by a UDOT qualified technician. Inspector, in coordination with crew materials technician, must arrange for or perform the required Quality Assurance/Acceptance sampling of the asphalt binder/emulsion. Liquid binder samples are taken from the delivery truck in the presence of a contractor’s representative. Binder Sample Witness forms are to be filled out, signed and submitted with the samples to the UDOT Region Lab. The inspector must verify binder/emulsion quantities placed by reviewing quantities on delivery tickets. The inspector must receive copies of tickets for binder/emulsion delivered to the project each day.

Compaction, Finishing and In-Place Density Testing The contractor will compact each lift in accordance with the UDOT determined rolling pattern. The inspector must arrange for or perform the required density testing to establish the wet density standard and rolling pattern to achieve desired compaction as per Section 02985 Part 1 - General. The inspector coordinates with the crew materials technician to determine who will perform the assurance/acceptance density testing. Testing is not to be performed by an unqualified technician. It is recommended that the inspector perform this in conjunction with the contractor’s Quality Control personnel to minimize variability. The inspector must document the compaction eﬀorts, including equipment used and number of passes with each type of roller (rolling pattern). Density test results, whether passing or failing, must be documented

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in the field. Failing test locations must be identified for additional compaction or reworking and density testing. Density retests must be identified as a “retest” of a prior failing location. Inspector must verify and document that the contractor is performing the required Quality Control for profile and contour as indicated on the project plans.

Rework Areas If placements are identified as deficient the contractor must rework the aﬀected areas to achieve specification requirements. The inspector should inform the contractor as to areas of deficiency, but should refrain from directing the contractor in how to “fix” the deficiency. Compaction issues may be fixed through immediate re-compaction. Re-compaction may not be performed on materials that have begun initial set (approximately 2 to 3 hours after binder/ emulsion is added). If the inspector is unclear regarding initial set occurrence, contact the Resident Engineer, Field Engineer or Contractor’s FDR Technical Specialist. The inspector must document the eﬀorts of the contractor, including water added or drying time, and methods of compacting as described above. If density is consistently higher or lower than desired, the inspector may need to re-establish the wet density standard and associated rolling pattern (likely due to change in in-place material properties or consistency).

Moisture Content for Acceptance Prior to covering the full-depth reclamation material with the next layer, the inspector must verify and document that the contractor is performing the required Quality Control for moisture content of the blended and compacted material, and that the release threshold as per specification or engineer’s approval has been attained.

CHAPTER 5: PAVEMENTS & MATERIALS

CHAPTER 5 02985: FULL-DEPTH RECLAMATION

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved mix design - binder, depth, moisture and density.  Review of project documents – supplemental/special provisions, plans, standard specifications and Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements.  Determination of type of samples and tests to be performed.  Random number calculations for laboratory sample and field density locations.  Copy of Approved FDR QC plan.  Verify Engineer approval of contractor’s reclamation equipment.  Nuclear density gauge certifications.

Pre-Pulverization Items  Visual veriﬁcation that any required rotomilling has been performed.

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5.2 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT - GENERAL Hot mix pavements are used extensively for paving highways and streets. Achieving a durable and high level of performance with these products requires careful attention during the site preparation, mixing, transporting, placing, and compaction processes. A pre-paving meeting is normally held involving the resident engineer and staﬀ in addition to the contractor’s and material supplier’s personnel involved in material production and paving operations. Topics generally include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following: • Mix design information/approval • Key personnel and their roles • Plant inspection • Traﬃc control plan specific to paving operations • Specification requirements, including limitations and testing/acceptance procedures and reporting protocol • Sequencing or phasing of paving operations and a review of number and type of equipment used

A) HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA) – SECTION 02741 Hot Mix Asphalt consists of the batching, hauling, placement and compaction of a plant mixed asphalt mixture that includes a specified grade of asphalt binder, a specified blend of various stockpiles, and various other components and admixtures. The asphalt mixture is placed to the required depth and width, using one or multiple lifts, and then compacted to specified density using a series of vibratory and static steel drum rollers. The inspector should verify mix design approval, arrange for/perform required sampling and testing of the fresh mix prior to compaction, inspect placement and compaction procedures, and arrange for density and thickness coring.

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CHAPTER 5

Submittal Requirements At least 10 working days prior to initiating paving, the Contractor must submit to the Engineer the following: 1. Project Specific Mix Design. 2. Verification of Compliance for Hydrated Lime. 3. Verification of Compliance for Asphalt Binder. Prior to start of paving, the inspector should get a copy of the approved project mix design. If an approved project mix design cannot be found, the inspector should immediately contact the Resident or Field Engineer to verify if project mix design has been approved. If not, inspector should inform contractor that the asphalt mix design has not been approved and any material placed is subject to removal if approval cannot be obtained. At a minimum, the following information should be included on the approved project mix design document: 1. Project Name and Number. 2. SuperPave Nominal Mix Size and Design Gyrations (Ndes). 3. Binder Supplier and Grade. 4. Asphalt Mix Supplier and Plant Location. 5. Design Binder Content. 6. Stockpile Blend Percentages. 7. Gradation Target Values for HMA Sieves. 8. Volumetric Target Values for Air Voids, VMA, VFA. 9. Maximum Theoretical Density (Rice).

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10. Aggregate and Asphalt Cement Specific Gravities. 11. Recommended Mixing and Compaction Temperatures. 12. Verification Conditions. 13. Region Materials Engineer Signature. 14. Highlighted Changes to Job Mix Targets.

Inspection Preparation Copies of plans, specifications and the UDOT MS&T must be reviewed prior to performing testing and inspection. The inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must identify the estimated quantity of HMA to be placed and review the project requirements and UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements for HMA paving sampling and testing. After determining the type of sampling and testing to be performed, the inspector or materials technician should calculate the random number sets necessary to be used for determining any fresh asphalt sample locations and density core locations. Sampling for HMA paving requires that the sampling technician be UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified. Sampling is not to be performed by an unqualified technician.

CHAPTER 5: PAVEMENTS & MATERIALS

CHAPTER 5 • Ambient and base temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 50 F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing). • Anticipated location of longitudinal joints. Joints must not be in wheel path or within 6” of similar joint in layer below. • Anticipated location of transverse joints. Joints must be oﬀset at least 6’ from similar joint in layer below. For Placement on Existing HMA • Verify any rotomilling operations have been approved and accepted. • Surface is free of ice/ponding water/debris or other materials. • Tack coat has broken and cured and coverage is near 100%. • Ambient and surface temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 50 F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing). • Anticipated location of longitudinal joints. Joints must not be in wheel path or within 6” of similar joint in layer below. • Anticipated location of transverse joints. Joints must be oﬀset at least 6’ from similar joint in layer below.

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• Document paver operation, including folding of wings or multiple stops and starts and delays. • Document use and application method of tack on adjacent vertical joints • Document weather conditions during paving operations, specifically temperature, precipitation and wind. • Documentation of final limits of paving operation for production day, including starting station and oﬀset and ending station and oﬀset.

Sampling and Testing During paving operations, the inspector must coordinate with the materials technician and Region Materials Lab to perform sampling of fresh HMA and liquid binder samples and have samples delivered to the lab or region lab in a timely manner. Samples are to be collected and documented by a UDOT TTQP qualified Sampling and Density technician and should be based on random number calculations for time, locations or tons. Inspector must document the qualifications of the technician performing the sampling. Sampling and testing must be performed in accordance with UDOT’s Minimum Sampling and Testing Requirements and Materials Manual of Instruction. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented. Liquid binder samples are taken from the HMA plant in the presence of a contractor’s representative. Binder Sample Witness forms are to be filled out, signed and submitted with the samples to the UDOT Region Lab.

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CHAPTER 5

Compaction, Density Testing and Thickness Determination During compaction operations, inspector must document compaction efforts by the contractor, including number and size of rollers, number of passes of each roller and temperature of mat surface during final rolling pass. Observe and document any surface cracking, roller lines or low spots after compaction operations. Inspector must document the approximate slope of the vertical edges after compaction and observe for and document the presence of any traffic prior to completion of compaction. Inspector must document length and depth of vertical taper at end of pass that will be subject to traffic. After compaction efforts are complete, inspector must arrange for mat and joint coring by Contractor personnel or Region lab. Coring must occur after mat is cooled and prior to allowing any traffic is allowed on new mat. Cooling of the core locations can be accelerated through the use of ice, dry ice or water. Cooling efforts must be discussed and coordinated with the materials technician and/or Engineer. Core locations are based on random numbers and must be taken into possession immediately after coring. Coring and testing must be performed in accordance with UDOT’s Minimum Sampling and Testing Requirements and Materials Manual of Instruction. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented. Coordinate with contractor or region lab to fill core holes with HMA or high asphalt content cold mix.

Pavement Smoothness See Smoothness Section 01242.

Common Issues 1. Paving with mix or asphalt cement that does not meet the approved mix design. 2. Segregation from the paver or dumping operations. 3. Asphalt that is colder than minimum allowable temperature. 4. Insuﬃcient compaction. 5. Compaction patterns and practices that are inconsistent and do not address mat edges/joints.

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02741: HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA)

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved mix design - supplier, binder grade, gradation, volumetrics, maximum density, etc.  Hydrated Lime compliance information.  Asphalt Binder compliance information.  Determination of type of samples and tests to be performed.  Random number calculations for laboratory sample, binder and ﬁeld density core locations.

Pre-Paving Items  For Placement on UTBC:  Base placement and compaction have been approved.  Prime coat has broken and cured.  Surface is free of ice/ponding water/debris or other materials.  Ambient and base temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 50º F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing).  Anticipated location of longitudinal joints.  Anticipated location of transverse joints.  For Placement on Existing HMA:  Verify any rotomilling operations have been approved and accepted.  Surface is free of ice/ponding water/debris or other materials.  Tack coat has broken and cured and coverage is near 100%.  Ambient and surface temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 50º F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing).  Anticipated location of longitudinal joints.  Anticipated location of transverse joints.

Observation of Paving Items  Copy of each delivery ticket.  Inspection of delivery trucks for emptiness and release agent.  Observation and documentation of:  Segregation.  Coating.  Mix Delivery Temperature.  Documentation of:  Paver operation, start, stop, folding of wings, delays.  Tack on adjacent vertical joints.  Weather conditions, ambient temperatures.  Final paving limits.  Compaction effort with attention to joints.

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CHAPTER 5 02741: HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA) (Continued)

Sampling and Testing Items  Coordination with materials technician for sampling and delivery.  Coordination with Region lab for binder sampling and delivery.  Qualiﬁcations of sampling technicians.  Random numbers for sampling times/locations/tons.

Compaction, Density and Thickness Items  Documentation of compaction efforts – roller size and type, rolling pattern, mat temperature at final compaction.  Surface condition after compaction – roller lines, surface cracking, low spots.  Vertical edge slope on longitudinal edge.  Vertical slope on end of paving pass subject to traffic.  Arrange for Density/Thickness cores.  No traffic on mat until cool and cores are taken.  Verify that core holes are filled.

B) STONE MATRIX ASPHALT – SECTION 02744 Stone Matrix Asphalt, (aka: Stone Mastic Asphalt), consists of the batching, hauling, placement and compaction of a plant mixed asphalt mixture that includes a specified grade of asphalt binder, a specified blend of various stockpiles, and various other components and admixtures. The asphalt mixture is placed to the required depth and width, using one or multiple lifts, and then compacted to specified density using a series of vibratory and static steel drum rollers. The inspector should verify mix design approval, arrange for or perform required sampling and testing with the Materials Engineer of the fresh mix at the SMA plant, inspect placement and compaction procedures, and arrange for density and thickness coring.

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Submittal Requirements At least 10 working days prior to initiating paving, the Contractor must submit to the Engineer the following: 1. Project Specific Mix Design. 2. Corrective action plan for net disincentive, out of specification air voids, VMA, and VCA. 3. Corrective action plan for dispute resolution. 4. Ignition calibration factors. 5. Submit all requests for changes or corrections 12 hours prior to incorporating changes into production. 6. Submit a new field volumetric mix design for all target changes. Prior to start of paving, the inspector should get a copy of the approved project mix design. If an approved project mix design cannot be found, the inspector should immediately contact the Resident or Field Engineer to verify if project mix design has been approved. If not, inspector should inform contractor that the SMA mix design has not been approved and any material placed is subject to removal if approval cannot be obtained. At a minimum, the following information should be included on the approved project mix design document: 1. Project Name and Number. 2. SMA Nominal Mix Size and Design Gyrations (Ndes). 3. Binder Supplier and Grade. 4. Asphalt Mix Supplier and Plant Location. 5. Design Binder Content. 6. Stockpile Blend Percentages. 7. Gradation Target Values for SMA Sieves. 8. Volumetric Target Values for Air Voids, VMA, VFA, and VCA. 9. Maximum Theoretical Density (Rice). 10. Aggregate and Asphalt Cement Specific Gravities. 11. Recommended Mixing and Compaction Temperatures 12. Verification Conditions. 13. Region Materials Engineer Signature. 14. Highlighted Changes to Job Mix Targets. Page | 32

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CHAPTER 5

Inspection Preparation Copies of plans, specifications and the UDOT MS&T must be reviewed prior to performing testing and inspection. The inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must identify the estimated quantity of SMA to be placed and review the project requirements and UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements for SMA paving sampling and testing. After determining the type of sampling and testing to be performed, the inspector or materials technician should calculate the random number sets necessary to be used for determining any fresh asphalt sample times or tonnage at the SMA hot plant, and density core locations at the project. Sampling for SMA paving requires that the sampling technician be UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified. Sampling is not to be performed by an unqualified technician.

Pre-Paving Inspection Prior to paving, the inspector must review the surface conditions of the base or existing pavement. The following items should be reviewed and noted as conforming prior to placing SMA: On-Site Pre-Paving Inspection For Placement on UTBC: • Base placement and compaction have been approved. • Prime coat has broken and cured. • Surface is free of ice/ponding water/debris or other materials. • Ambient and base temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 50° F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing). • Anticipated location of longitudinal joints. Joints must not be in wheel path or within 6” of similar joint in layer below. • Anticipated location of transverse joints. Joints must be oﬀset at least 6’ from similar joint in layer below. For Placement on Existing HMA: • Verify any rotomilling operations have been approved and accepted. • Surface is free of ice/ponding water/debris or other materials. • Tack coat has broken and cured and coverage is near 100%. • Ambient and surface temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 50° F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing).

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• Anticipated location of longitudinal joints. Joints must not be in wheel path or within 6” of similar joint in layer below. • Anticipated location of transverse joints. Joints must be oﬀset at least 6’ from similar joint in layer below.

Pre-Paving Inspection at the SMA Plant The SMA Plant must provide the following: • Positive means to determine the moisture content of aggregate. • Positive means to sample all material components. • Sensors to measure the temperature of the SMA at discharge. • Ability to maintain the discharge temperature of the mix in accordance with the mix design.

Asphalt Binder Storage Tanks • Provide calibrated tanks so the quantity of material remaining in the tank can be determined at any time. • Provide a positive means of sampling the asphalt binder from the storage tanks.

Fiber Supply System • Provide separate proportioning device interlocked with the aggregate feed or weigh system to maintain correct proportions and uniform distribution for all rates of production and batch sizes. • Provide flow indicators or sensing devices interlocked with plant controls. Page | 34

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CHAPTER 5 • Uniformly distribute fibers in aggregate prior to the injection of asphalt into the mixer. • Do not allow the fiber to become entrained in the exhaust system of the plant. • A way to safely obtain samples.

Mineral Filler Supply System • Provide separate proportioning device interlocked with the aggregate feed or weigh system to maintain correct proportions and uniform distribution for all rates of production and batch sizes. • Provide flow indicators or sensing devices interlocked with plant controls. • Uniformly distribute filler in aggregate prior to the injection of asphalt into the mixer. • Do not allow the filler to become entrained in the exhaust system of the plant. SMA may only be placed from April 15 to October 15 unless the Engineer has provided written approval prior to paving.

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Observation of Paving During paving operations, the inspector must: • Collect a copy of the delivery ticket for each load delivered to project. Review ticket and verify delivered mix is correct mix and nominal size as approved for project. • Inspect delivery trucks for complete dumping of material and for diesel or other unapproved release agents. If an unapproved release agent is suspected, contact materials technician or Engineer. Note: If possible inspection for release agent should be performed at plant prior to loading. • Observe mix for segregation, coating, and that mortar has been mixed in a uniform manner that doesn’t allow clumps of mortar. If questionable, contact materials technician to perform necessary sampling and testing to verify. • Take temperature of mix from windrow or paver hopper and record on ticket. • If load is rejected, note reason for rejection on the ticket. • Document paver operation, including folding of wings or multiple stops and starts and delays. • Document use and application method of tack on adjacent vertical joints • Document weather conditions during paving operations, specifically temperature, precipitation and wind. • Documentation of final limits of paving operation for production day, including starting station and oﬀset and ending station and oﬀset.

Sampling and Testing During paving operations, the inspector must coordinate with the materials technician and Region Materials Lab to perform sampling of fresh SMA and liquid binder samples and have samples delivered to the lab or region lab in a timely manner. Samples are to be collected and documented by a UDOT TTQP qualified Sampling and Density technician and should be based on random number calculations for time or tons. All sampling of the fresh SMA will take place at the SMA hot plant. Inspector must document the qualifications of the technician performing the sampling. Sampling and testing must be performed in accordance with UDOT’s Minimum Sampling and Testing Requirements and Materials Manual of Instruction. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented. Liquid binder samples are taken from the SMA plant in Page | 36

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CHAPTER 5 the presence of a contractor’s representative. Binder Sample Witness forms are to be filled out, signed and submitted with the samples to the UDOT Region Lab.

Compaction, Density Testing and Thickness Determination During compaction operations, inspector must document compaction efforts by the contractor, including number and size of rollers, number of passes of each roller and temperature of mat surface during final rolling pass. Observe and document any surface cracking, roller lines or low spots after compaction operations. Inspector must document the approximate slope of the vertical edges after compaction and observe for and document the presence of any traffic prior to completion of compaction. Inspector must document length and depth of vertical taper at end of pass that will be subject to traffic. After compaction efforts are complete, inspector must arrange for mat and joint coring by Contractor personnel or Region lab. Coring must occur after mat is cooled and prior to allowing any traffic on the new mat. Cooling of the core locations can be accelerated through the use of ice, dry ice or water. Cooling efforts must be discussed and coordinated with the materials technician and/or Engineer. Core locations are based on random numbers and must be taken into possession immediately after coring. Coring and testing must be performed in accordance with UDOT’s Minimum Sampling and Testing Requirements and Materials Manual of Instruction. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented. Coordinate with contractor or region lab to fill core holes with SMA or high asphalt content cold mix.

Pavement Smoothness See Smoothness Section 01452.

Common Issues 1. Paving with mix or asphalt cement that does not meet the approved mix design 2. Segregation from the paver or dumping operations 3. Asphalt that is colder than minimum allowable temperature or hotter than mixing temperatures. 4. Insuﬃcient compaction 5. Compaction patterns and practices that are inconsistent and do not address mat edges/ joints Contractor should have specific compaction practices to address joint compaction.

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02744: STONE MATRIX ASPHALT (SMA)

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved mix design – supplier, binder grade, gradation, volumetrics, maximum density, etc.  Corrective action plan for net disincentive, out of spec air voids, VMA, and VCA.  Corrective action plan for dispute resolution.  Ignition calibration factors.  Submit all requests for changes or corrections 12 hours prior to incorporating changes into production.  New ﬁeld volumetric mix design for all target changes after start of production.  Random number calculations for time or tonnage for laboratory sample and binder sample and ﬁeld density core locations.  Verify calibration samples.  Attend prepave meeting or review notes.

Pre-Paving Inspection at the SMA Plant  The    

SMA hot plant must provide the following: Moisture contents. Positive means to sample all materials. Sensors to measure the temperature of the SMA at discharge. The ability to maintain the discharge temperature.

 Asphalt binder storage tanks should be calibrated to easily determine the quantity of material remaining in the tank at any time.

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CHAPTER 5 02744: STONE MATRIX ASPHALT (SMA) (Continued)

Pre-Paving Inspection at the SMA Plant (Continued)  The storage tanks should have positive means of sampling the asphalt binder from the tanks.  Fiber Supply System should provide separate proportioning device interlocked with the aggregate feed to maintain correct proportions, provide flow indicators or sensor devices interlocked with plant controls, uniformly distribute fibers in aggregate to prior to the injection of asphalt, and not allow the filler to become entrained in the exhaust system of the plant.  Mineral Filler Supply System should provide proportioning device, flow indicators, uniformly distribute filler in aggregate prior to injection of asphalt, and not allow the filler to become entrained in the exhaust system. The SMA plant must provide safe sampling locations for all samples taken.  SMA may only be placed from April 15 to October 15 unless the Engineer has provided written approval prior to paving.

Observation of Paving Items  Copy of each delivery ticket.  Inspection of delivery trucks for emptiness and release agent.  Observation and documentation of:  Segregation.  Coating.  Mix Delivery Temperature.  Documentation of:  Paver operation, start, stop, folding of wings, delays/Tack on adjacent vertical joints.  Weather conditions, ambient temperatures.  Final paving limits.

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C) PAVEMENT CUTTING – SECTION 02705 Pavement cutting includes the saw or cut of pavement, curb and gutter, sidewalk, and any appurtenances as required to provide a smooth surface to match. Pavement cutting may be used to allow for the removal and replacement of damaged existing pavement.

Submittals Not Used.

Pre-Inspection Prior to arriving on the project location the Inspector should possess project standard drawings and project specifications. The Inspector should identify the station, oﬀset, and depth from the project plans. After arrival onsite the inspector should visually inspect and observe all pavement cutting equipment. The equipment should be capable of cutting full-depth with one single pass. If the Inspector has any equipment questions or concerns the Contractor should be notified immediately to allow suﬃcient time to obtain correct equipment. All joints should be clearly marked as to ensure that the correct location is processed and removed.

Inspection Concrete Pavement Cutting: The Inspector must visually observe that the saw cuts are vertically in a straight line through the full depth of the surface. The contractor should make cuts so the defective surface can be removed where existing surface is cracked, broken, or deteriorated. The Inspector must visually observe the cutting and removal of the damaged concrete to ensure that the Contractor does not disturb the existing concrete that is to remain in place. No traﬃc or construction equipment should be allowed to cross the cut edge. This may result in damage to equipment or existing concrete pavement.

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CHAPTER 5 Asphalt Pavement Cutting: The contractor may used any method that provides a vertical cut in a straight line through the full depth of the surface The cuts should be made so that the defective surface can be removed where the edge of the existing surface is cracked, broken, or deteriorated. The Inspector must visually observe the cutting and removal of the damaged concrete to ensure that the Contractor does not disturb the existing pavement that is to remain in place. If the contractors’ cutting does not produce a smooth, non-broken edge, the contractor must saw cut at no additional charge to the department. No traﬃc or construction equipment should be allowed to cross the cut edge. This may result in damage to equipment or existing concrete pavement. If the pavement that is to remain in place is damaged or disturbed the contractor should remove and replace the pavement. Tack coat must be applied to the cut edge before placing hot mix asphalt surfacing when appropriate. 02705: PAVEMENT CUTTING

Pre-Inspection Items  Obtain standard drawings, project speciﬁcations, and project plans.  The Inspector should identify the station, offset, and depth from the project plans.  Visually inspect and observe all pavement cutting equipment for the following:  Capable of cutting full-depth with one single pass.  Any questions or concerns with the equipment should be directed to the Contractor.  Inspector should visually observe that all joint lines have been clearly marked to ensure the correct locations are cut and removed.

Inspection Items  For Concrete Pavement Cutting:  Saw Cut vertically in a straight line through the full depth of the surface.  Make cuts so the defective surface can be removed where the edge of the existing surface iscracked, broken, or deteriorated.  Ensure the Contractor does not disturb the pavement that is to remain in-place.  Do not allow trafﬁc or construction equipment to cross the cut edge.  For Asphalt Surfaces:  Any method that provides a vertical cut in a straight line through the full depth of the surface.  Saw cut at no additional cost if the method of cutting does not produce a smooth, non-broken edge.  Make cuts so the defective surface can be removed where the edge of the existing surface is cracked, broken, or deteriorated.  Do not allow trafﬁc or construction equipment to cross the cut edge.  Ensure the Contractor does not disturb the pavement that is to remain in-place.  Apply a tack coat to the cut edge before placing HMA surfacing when appropriate.

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D) ASPHALT OVERLAY FABRIC – SECTION 02078 Asphalt overlay fabric is a needle punched, nonwoven manmade polymeric fabric placed over asphalt layer and bonded using tack coat. The fabric should be well bonded and as wrinkle free as possible.

Submittals The manufacturer should submit their Certificate of Compliance, including test reports, with the shipment of the material.

Pre-Inspection Items The inspector must ensure that the material used meets project requirements. The inspector should review plans and specification for locations and quantities of fabric to be used. The inspector should check that the fabric is stored to protect the fabric from direct sunlight, chemicals, moisture, mud, dirt and debris during shipping and storage. The inspector should check tags on rolls of fabric for the name of the manufacturer, brand name of product, width length and weight of product and UDOT certification sticker .

Inspection Items The inspector must verify that all dirt, debris, oil and foreign materials are removed from the pavement surface. The inspector must verify that all cracks wider than 0.25” are filled with a sand and asphalt emulsion mix. The inspector must verify that tack coat is applied at a rate of 0.25gal to 0.30 gallons per square yard. The overlapped areas will require extra tack coat. The fabric should be overlapped 6” on transverse joints and 4” on longitudinal joints. The inspector should verify that the fabric is placed mechanically to prevent wrinkling. Small wrinkles should be broomed out or the fabric should be cut and laid in the direction of overlay paving for wrinkles larger than 1”. The inspector must ensure that the fabric is well bonded and does not create a slippage potential for the overlay.

Sampling and Testing The source of the fabric must meet UDOT requirements in their quality control.

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Common Issues 1. Fabric damage during delivery or storage on site. 2. Fabric pulled straight and tight to maintain overlaps and avoid wrinkling. 02078: ASPHALT OVERLAY FABRIC  Manufacturer’s product data and installation instructions for fabric.  Verify that the Manufacturer’s certiﬁcate of compliance is submitted.  Proper placement location, limits.  Correct emulsiﬁed asphalt application rate, protection from damage.  Fabric placed with proper overlap, wrinkles avoided, broom out or cut and laid in direction of paving.  Verify that fabric is well bonded and does not create a slippage potential for the overlay.

E) ROTOMILLING – SECTION 02961 Definition Rotomilling consists of the milling of the existing bituminous surface at the correct location and to depth specified in project specifications and plans. Rotomilling will allow for a new surface to be placed over the rotomilled surface.

Submittals Not Used.

Pre-Inspection The Inspector should at a minimum obtain the project plans and specifications for the surface to be rotomilled. The Inspector should identify the station, oﬀset, and depth of the proposed surface to be rotomilled. The inspector should visually inspect that all rotomilling equipment use power-operated track propelled planning machine or grinder. The equipment must be capable of milling to plan cross slope. The equipment must be self-propelled with suﬃcient power, traction, and stability to maintain accurate depth of cut. Rotomilling operations should be completed in one pass. Multiple passes may create an uneven surface that may not meet project requirements and specifications.

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Inspection The Contractor must rotomill the existing bituminous pavement surface to the correct width and depth shown on the project specifications with accuracies defined in the project specifications. If the contractor deviates from the specified depth and width, the inspector should notify the contractor immediately to put forth corrective actions. The areas directly surrounding manholes, catch basins, water meters, water valves, or any other permanent fixture must be rotomilled to the specified depth. The Engineer will measure and record rotomilling depths, composed of two random measurements located every 1,000' of each pass of the milling machine. The Engineer may adjust the depth of the milling operation to remove unacceptable material to improve the ride of the roadway. The reclaimed material from the milling operation must be loaded into a truck in one operation. The milled material is the property of the Contractor unless otherwise stated. Page | 44

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CHAPTER 5 Millings must be removed and cleaned from the surface daily. The contractor must have a dust control plan in order to prevent unwanted dust during the cutting action. The rotomilled surface must be cleaned after milling operations are complete prior to opening traffic. If the inspector is not satisfied with the cleanliness after the rotomilling has finished, the contractor should be notified immediately, and no traffic should be allowed on the roadway. Any damages that occur outside of the widths and the depths shown in the project specifications must be removed and replaced by the contractor. Any damage to traffic due to loose material on the milled surface must be repaired at the Contractor’s expense. The disposal of the milled material must be disposed of in a manner that is approved by the Engineer.

Sampling and Testing Not Used.

02961: ROTOMILLING

Pre-Inspection Items  Obtain standard drawings, project speciﬁcations, and project plans.  The Inspector should identify the station, offset, and depth from the project plans.  Visually inspect all rotomilling equipment to ensure the equipment is self propelled and has sufﬁcient power, traction, and stability to maintain accurate depth of cut.  Visually inspect cleaning equipment is capable of sweeping and picking up millings to clean up after milling operations.

Inspection Items  Inspector shall ensure that correct width and depth shown on the plans are rotomilled.  Inspector should visually inspect that the area directly surrounding manholes, catch basins, water meters, water valves or any other permanent fixtures to the specified depth.  Inspector should verify that the rotomilling depths are measured and recorded using random measurements.  Inspector must visually observe the following:  Contractor cleans milled surface daily.  Contractor repairs any damage outside of the widths and depths shown in the plans.  Contractor disposes of the milled materials in a manner approved by the Engineer.  Upon the completion of the rotomilled surface the ride must meet the required specification, or the surface must be corrected.

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F) PROFILE ROTOMILLING – SECTION 02963 Description Profile rotomilling consists of the milling of the existing bituminous surface to the profile and cross-slope specified within the project plans.

Pre-Inspection The Inspector should at a minimum obtain the project plans and specifications for the surface to be profile rotomilled. The Inspector should identify the station, oﬀset, and depth of the proposed surface to be profile rotomilled. The inspector should visually inspect that all profile rotomilling equipment use power operated track propelled planning machine or grinder. The equipment must be capable of milling to plan cross slope. The equipment must be self-propelled with suﬃcient power, traction, and stability to maintain accurate depth of cut. Rotomilling operations should be completed in one pass. Multiple passes may create an uneven surface that may not meet project requirements and specifications.

Inspection The Engineer measures and records profile grades during rotomilling operations. The Engineer will use a method that provides the required accuracy to ensure that the Contractor is creating the correct profile and cross-slope according to project specifications. The profile grades will be taken at two random measurements for every 1,000' of each pass. The rotomilled depth in the field of plan depth should be within ¼”, measured from the original surface to the top of the ridge. The existing bituminous pavement surface should be rotomilled to a depth below final profile and cross slope grade. The area directly surrounding manholes, catch basins, water meters, water valves, or any other permanent fixtures must be rotomilled to the correct depth and profile according to project plans and specifications. The final rotomilled surface should provide a desired ride quality. If the surface does not provide the specified quality of ride, the surface must be re-rotomilled. Once the rotomilling operations have been completed the rotomilled surface must be cleaned/ swept of all loose material, including along vertical edges. Only after the rotomilled surface has been cleaned may traﬃc be allowed to travel the roadway if permitted by specifications. Page | 46

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CHAPTER 5 The contractor must remove and replace, or repair any damage outside of the specified widths and depths as specified in the plans. All repairs must be complete before allowing traﬃc on the rotomilled surface. All reclaimed material from the milling operations must be removed from the location daily. Disposal of the milled material must be done so in a manner that is approved by the Engineer according to specification 01355. 02963: PROFILE ROTOMILLING

Pre-Inspection Items  Obtain standard drawings, project speciﬁcations, and project plans.  The Inspector should identify the station, offset, and depth from the project plans.  Visually inspect all rotomilling equipment to ensure the equipment is self propelled and has sufﬁcient power, traction, and stability to maintain accurate depth of cut.  Visually inspect cleaning equipment is capable of sweeping and picking up millings to clean up after milling operations.

Inspection Items  Inspector shall ensure that correct width and depth shown on the plans are rotomilled.  Inspector should visually inspect that the area directly surrounding manholes, catch basins, water meters, water valves or any other permanent fixtures to the specified depth.  Inspector should verify that the rotomilling depths are measured and recorded using random measurements.  Inspector must visually observe the following:  Contractor cleans milled surface daily.  Contractor repairs any damage outside of the widths and depths shown in the plans.  Contractor disposes of the milled materials in a manner approved by the Engineer according to specification 01355.  Upon the completion of the rotomilled surface the ride must meet the required specification, or the surface must be corrected.

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G) PRIME COAT/TACK COAT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SECTION 02748 Description Prime coat is the placement of liquid or emulsified asphalt to a prepared subgrade or untreated base course. Tack coat consists of a cutback or emulsified asphalt applied to the existing surface or a new pavement surface and intermediate lifts. Prime coat/Tack coats are applied to ensure the proper adhesion between the new asphalt layer and the underlying base material or existing HMA materials.

Pre Inspection Inspectors must review copies of plans, specifications, and the UDOT MS&T prior to performing testing and inspection. Inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must review the project requirements for the prime/tack coat requirements. The inspector shall verify that the underlying surface has previously been approved. This can be verified by the materials technician or engineer. Review that all MS&T requirements consisting of compaction, sampling, and testing have been met to the underlying material. If the underlying surface has not been approved then the engineer must be contacted immediately.

Field Inspection Prime Coat Specifics: Prior to the placement of prime coat the inspector must inspect the surface to ensure the grade and profiles are correct according to the plans. The surface should be free of ruts, corrugations, or other irregularities. Prime coat must not be applied on wet surfaces, surfaces where temperatures are below 50 F, or when weather conditions prevent it from adhering properly. Prime Coat shall be applied at a rate as per project specifications or as directed by the engineer. The application rate may vary according to the field conditions, so obtain approval for the quantities, rate of application, temperatures, and areas to be treated before any application from the resident engineer. Tack Coat Specifics: Prior to the placement of tack coat the inspector must inspect the surface to ensure that it is clean of all materials that prevent the tack coat from bonding to the existing surface such as mud, dirt, leaves, etc. Tack coat must not be applied on wet surfaces, surfaces where temperatures are below 50 F, or when weather conditions prevent it from adhering Page | 48

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CHAPTER 5 properly. Tack Coat shall be applied at a rate as specified in project specifications or as directed by the engineer. The application rate may vary according to the field conditions, so obtain approval for the quantities, rate of application, temperatures, and areas to be treated before any application from the engineer. All tacked surface areas must be covered with surfacing materials the same day the tack coat is applied.

General The inspector should verify that the correct viscosity of prime coat and tack coat meet project specifications. The viscosity information can be found in the bill of lading and material invoices. The inspector should verify with the materials technician to ensure that UDOT MS&T have been met as per project specifications. Prior to placement of Prime Coat and Tack Coat the inspector should verify that all structures, including guardrails, guide posts, etc. are protected from overspray of material. If the structures are not protected sufficiently, then notify the contractor and engineer immediately. Before placement the inspector should verify that the contractor is using a pressure distributor to apply the asphalt in a uniform and continuous distribution on the underlying material. Coordinate with the materials technician for any viscosity samples that need to be taken. Upon inspection of the first coat of prime or tack coat, if any under primed areas remain, immediately notify the contractor to apply a second coat to underlying areas. The contractor must remove or spread any excess prime or tack coat to avoid blotting or ponding. Prime and Tack Coat must be applied to all surfaces, including vertical areas that will come in contact with new Hot Mix Asphalt. The contractor should maintain the prime/tack coat until the next course is applied. The contractor must keep all traffic off the prime/tack coat until the material has cured and dried. The inspector should coordinate with the materials technician for sampling of the prime/tack coat according to the UDOT MS&T requirements or as per resident engineers’ direction.

Documentation The inspector should collect all bill of lading and material invoices. Upon placement of prime/ tack coat the inspector must complete a daily observation report including documentation of all beginning and ending stations and oﬀsets, pre-weight and post-weight of prime/tack coat, and yield calculations to verify the application rate.

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Construction Inspection Guide 02748: PRIME COAT/TACK COAT  Verify that all MS&T requirements consisting of compaction, sampling, and testing have been met to the underlying material.  Verify correct material type.  Verify underlying surfaces are free of ruts, corrugations, or other irregularities, and clean of mud, dirt, leaves, etc.  Verify underlying surface is to grade, slope, and proﬁle.  Verify the surface is dry, above 50º F, and weather conditions will allow for the proper adhering.  Verify that the surrounding structures have been protected from overspray prior to application of prime/tack coat.  Verify that the prime/tack coat has been cured properly and all trafﬁc has not been allowed to travel on fresh prime/tack coat.  Receipt of material invoices or Bills of Lading (BOL).  Document pre- and post-weights of prime/tack coat.  Document beginning and ending stations along with offsets.  Document yield calculations to verify application rate.  Verify that the prime/tack coat has been sampled in accordance with the engineer’s direction and UDOT MS&T.  Application rates approved by the engineer.

H) HYDRATED LIME – SECTION 02746 Description Hydrated Lime is a material added to hot mix asphalt aggregates that acts as an anti- stripping agent (prevents aggregates and asphalt cement from separating). Hydrated Lime is added to the aggregates using two methods: Method A-Lime Slurry Method: The lime slurry mix must be produced at a water/lime ratio as defined by the specifications and then maintained in a malted milk consistency and delivered to the twin shaft pugmill for mixing with aggregates. Method B-Lime and Aggregate Stockpile Method: The lime and aggregate stockpile method requires that suﬃcient free moisture be provided to thoroughly wet the aggregate prior to introducing the lime. The lime and aggregates are then thoroughly mixed in a twin shaft pugmill. The lime/aggregate mix must marinate for a minimum of 48 hours. The lime coated aggregate must then be used within 60 days of marination. Page | 50

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Submittals The inspector must verify that the supplier is qualified. Qualification documentation can be found through the materials technician, the central laboratory, or through the UDOT materials website.

Plant Inspection Upon arrival at the plant the inspector must notify the contractor of arrival and what items will be inspected. The inspector must verify that the determined quantity of lime and water are used according to the mix design. The amount of hydrated lime used is based upon the dry weight of the aggregate. The contractor may use either method for incorporating lime, unless the bid schedule specifically calls for Method B. Method A is composed of a lime slurry, whereas Method B is composed of a Lime and Aggregate Stockpile Marination. The contractor must present records of the quantity of lime and water used in relation to the tonnage of materials produced. The inspector must verify that the contractor is controlling the lime batching operation by the Program Logic Control System upon production set up data. The inspector shall monitor and record the following: 1. Display target and actual rates. 2. Belt weight bridge for lime. 3. Locked-in water meter. 4. Meter to transfer lime slurry. 5. Closed end loop to mainframe computer. The inspector must verify that the contractor has their quality control program in place to verify tolerances of lime production. 02746: HYDRATED LIME  Verify hydrated lime is from a qualiﬁed source.  Verify the contractors mixing method is per project speciﬁcations.  Verify and document the lime batching operations.  Verify the contractor has quality control program in place.

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I) HOT MIX ASPHALT - BIKE

AND

PEDESTRIAN PATHS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SECTION 02743

Hot Mix Asphalt for Bike and Pedestrian Paths deals with the products and procedures for constructing a surface course of one or more layers of HMA comprised of aggregate, binder, lime and other approved additives to construct bicycle and pedestrian paths. Bicycle and pedestrian paths do not have to meet the demands placed on roadways with heavy traďŹ&#x192;c however it is important that quality materials and good practice are used to ensure a good surface that will perform as designed.

Submittals The contractor must submit a Mix Design for the material to be placed for approval by the Engineer prior to placing material. The Hot Mix supplier is responsible for satisfying all requirements for Superpave Volumetric Mix Design.

Pre-Inspection Items The Inspector should check that the mix design is approved prior to material being placed. If the mix design is not approved he should inform the contractor that the HMA is not approved. The inspector must verify that the grade the HMA is to be placed on has been prepared to specifications. This can be checked through the Engineer or the Materials Technician. The Inspector should review the plans for placement depth, and width and other pertinent detailing. The Inspector should review the specifications for any sampling and testing requirements.

Inspection Items The Inspector must verify that the contractor is using the approved mix design. He should note tonnages delivered and temperatures of HMA placed. The Inspector should ensure that the contractor establishes a rolling pattern that obtains maximum density without overstressing the pavement. The Inspector should ensure that the contractor is not using diesel or other unapproved release agent in delivery equipment. The Page | 52

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CHAPTER 5 inspector should note and bring to the contractor’s attention any segregation due to delivery methods, starts and stops or folding of the wings. The inspector must ensure that the asphalt meets depth requirements and is placed to specified width. The inspector should verify that flush coat emulsion is applied at a uniform rate of 0.10 gallon/ square yard undiluted emulsion or 0.15 gallon/square yard for diluted emulsion (2:1).

Sampling and Testing Sampling and testing must be performed to meet project specifications or at the Engineer’s direction.

Common Issues 1. Diluted emulsion is not 2:1 (emulsion to water) 2. Application is insuﬃcient to achieve 95% coverage. 3. Applicator bar on truck is not clean or adjusted to proper height to ensure consistent application. 02743: HMA - BIKE & PEDESTRIAN PATHS

Pre-Inspection Items  Verify mix design is approved.  Verify that the grade has been prepared as required by the job speciﬁcations.  Review plans for placement depth, width and other detailing.  Review speciﬁcations for any sampling or testing requirements.

Inspection Items  Verify that the contractor is using the approved mix design.  Document tonnages and placement temperatures.  Verify that the contractor establishes a rolling pattern that achieves maximum density without overstressing the pavement.  Verify that the placement depth and width meet requirements.  Check for the use of an unapproved release agent.  Check for segregation due to delivery, starting and stopping and folding of the wings.  Ensure that any sampling and testing required by speciﬁcations or Engineer are performed.  Verify that ﬂush coat emulsion is applied at 0.10 gallons/square yard to 0.15 gallons/square yard.

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5.3 WEARING COURSES

A) OPEN-GRADED SURFACE COURSE â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SECTION 02786 Open Graded Surface Course is the top surface of a pavement structure designed to improve skid resistance by allowing surface water to flow through its voids rather than over the top of the pavement. It is also designed to fight the disintegrating eďŹ&#x20AC;ects of climate to the lower levels of the pavement structure due to its high asphalt cement content. It is often described as the wearing course.

Submittal Requirements At least 10 working days prior to initiating paving, the Contractor must submit to the Engineer the following: 1. Project Specific Mix Design 2. Verification of Compliance for Hydrated Lime 3. Verification of Compliance for Asphalt Binder Prior to start of paving, the inspector should get a copy of the approved project mix design. If an approved project mix design cannot be found, the inspector should immediately contact the Resident or Field Engineer to verify if project mix design has been approved. If not, inspector should inform contractor that the asphalt mix design has not been approved and any material placed is subject to removal if approval cannot be obtained. At a minimum, the following information should be included on the approved project mix design document: 1. Project Name and Number 2. OGSC Nominal Mix Size 3. Binder Supplier and Grade 4. Asphalt Mix Supplier and Plant Location 5. Design Binder Content 6. Stockpile Blend Percentages 7. Gradation Target Values for OGSC Sieves 8. Aggregate and Asphalt Cement Specific Gravities Page | 54

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CHAPTER 5 9. Recommended Mixing and Compaction Temperatures 10. Verification Conditions 11. Region Materials Engineer Signature 12. Highlighted Changes to Job Mix Targets

Inspection Preparation Copies of plans, specifications and the UDOT MS&T must be reviewed prior to performing testing and inspection. The inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must identify the estimated quantity of OGSC to be placed and review the project requirements and UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements for OGSC paving sampling and testing. After determining the type of sampling and testing to be performed, the inspector or materials technician should calculate the random number sets necessary to be used for determining any fresh OGSC asphalt samples at the plant. Sampling for OGSC paving requires that the sampling technician be UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified. Sampling is not to be performed by an unqualified technician.

Pre-Paving Inspection Prior to paving, the inspector must review the surface conditions of the existing pavement. The following items should be reviewed and noted as conforming prior to placing OGSC: 1. Verify any rotomilling operations or HMA have been approved and accepted 2. OGSC must be placed from May 1st to September 15th. Written approval must be obtained from Engineer for placement after September 15th. 3. Surface is free of ice/ponding, water/debris, or other materials 4. Tack coat has broken and cured and coverage is near 100% 5. Ambient and surface temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 60 F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing). 6. Anticipated location of longitudinal joints. Joints must not be in wheel path or within 6” of similar joint in layer below. 7. Anticipated location of transverse joints. Joints must be oﬀset at least 6’ from similar joint in layer below.

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Observation of Paving During paving operations, the inspector must: 1. Collect a copy of the delivery ticket for each load delivered to project. Review ticket and verify delivered mix is correct mix as approved for project. 2. Inspect delivery trucks for complete dumping of material and for diesel or other unapproved release agents. If unapproved release agent is suspected, contact materials technician or Engineer. 3. Observe mix for segregation and coating. If questionable, contact materials technician to perform necessary sampling and testing to verify. 4. Verify that there is no leaking equipment being used. 5. Take temperature of mix from windrow or paver hopper and record on ticket. 6. If load is rejected, note reason for rejection on the ticket. 7. Document paver operation, including folding of wings or multiple stops and starts and delays. 8. Document rolling operations includes sufficient rolling passes to seat OGSC without fracturing aggregate. 9. Observe and document any surface cracking, roller lines or low spots after rolling operations. 10. Document use and application method of tack on adjacent vertical joints 11. The inspector must verify that the contractor is maintaining thickness by use of a depth probe throughout the paving process. Verify that the contractor is taking corrective action if necessary on any deficiencies in depth occur. 12. Verify placement depth and width according to plans, proper edge slopes or match to curb and gutter 13. Document weather conditions during paving operations, specifically temperature, precipitation and wind. 14. Documentation of final limits of paving operation for production day, including starting station and offset and ending station and offset. Page | 56

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Sampling and Testing During paving operations, the inspector must coordinate with the materials technician and Region Materials Lab to perform sampling of fresh OGSC and liquid binder samples and have samples delivered to the lab or region lab in a timely manner. Samples are to be collected and documented by a UDOT TTQP qualified Sampling and Density technician and should be based on random number calculations for time or tons at the plant. Inspector must document the qualifications of the technician performing the sampling. Sampling and testing must be performed in accordance with UDOT’s Minimum Sampling and Testing Requirements and Materials Manual of Instruction. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented. Liquid binder and OGSC samples are taken from the HMA plant in the presence of a contractor’s representative. Binder Sample Witness forms are to be filled out, signed and submitted with the samples to the UDOT Region Lab.

Pavement Smoothness See Smoothness Section 01242.

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02786: OPEN-GRADED SURFACE COURSE

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved mix design - supplier, binder grade, gradation, volumetrics, etc.  Hydrated Lime compliance information.  Asphalt Binder compliance information.  Determination of type of samples and tests to be performed.  Random number calculations for laboratory sample, and binder. All samples will be taken from the plant.  For Placement of OGSC:  Verify any rotomilling operations or HMA have been approved and accepted  Surface is free of ice/ponding, water/debris, or other materials.  Tack coat has broken and cured and coverage is near 100%.  Ambient and surface temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 60 F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing).  Anticipated location of longitudinal joints.  Anticipated location of transverse joints.

Inspection Items  Copy of each delivery ticket  Verification that there is no leaking equipment being used.  Inspection of delivery trucks for emptiness and release agent  Observation and documentation of:  Segregation  Coating  Mix Delivery Temperature  Documentation of:  Paver operation, start, stop, folding of wings, delays Tack on adjacent vertical joints.  Rolling process is sufficient to seat aggregates without fracturing. Weather conditions, ambient temperatures.  Final paving limits including length and width of placement. Thickness using depth probe throughout paving operations.  Verify placement depth and width according to plans, proper edge slopes or match to lip of gutter.  Verify contractor will use corrective action for any thickness deficiencies.

Sampling and Testing Items  Coordination with materials technician for sampling and delivery  Coordination with Region lab for binder sampling and delivery  Qualiﬁcations of sampling technicians  Random numbers for sampling times and tons

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B) CHIP SEAL COAT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SECTION 02785 Chip Seal Coat includes the materials and procedures for applying emulsified asphalt, followed with the application of cover material and bituminous flush coat. Chip Seal may be placed between May 15th and August 31st.

Submittals 1. Mineral aggregate test reports are required. 2. Asphalt/polymer emulsion. 3. Asphalt/chip application rates. 4. Vendorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bill of lading certifying the material was diluted.

Pre-Inspection Items and Inspection The inspector must verify with the materials technician that the aggregates meet project specifications. The asphalt/polymer supplier must also adhere to the UDOT Quality Management Plan for Asphalt Emulsion 508. This can be verified through the materials technician. The inspector must verify that all documentation including verification of asphalt application rates, chip application, and other calibration verifications for applied materials during the chip seal operations must be submitted to the Engineer on a daily basis, or as requested by the Engineer. The contractor must have all application equipment on site before beginning any chip seal work. All equipment including distributors, pavers, spreaders, trucks, and rollers must meet project specifications. The contractor must calibrate the spreader at the beginning of each paving day and as often as necessary to meet project specifications. This can be verified through the contractor, or owner of equipment. The inspector must verify that the road surface has been cleared of all dirt, sand, dust, and other objectionable material to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The contractor must protect all structures, including guardrail, guideposts, concrete barriers, parapet walls, manholes, valve boxes, drop inlets, and other service utility entrances before placing any chip seal coat. The inspector must verify that the contractor has stockpiled material within twenty minutes of each road section being chip sealed. The inspector must verify that the stockpiled material is placed on a clean base to minimize contamination. The contractor must maintain uniform dampening of the stockpiles.

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1. Upon Engineer approval, stockpiling of blotter material may be waived if the material can be obtained and ready to spread within twenty minutes of each road section being chip sealed. 2. All equipment used to spread blotter material is subject to the inspection and approval by the Engineer. The inspector must verify that the contractor does not place any chip seal coat if moisture is present on the underlying material. The seal coat must be place when the pavement temperature is between 70 and 136 F. The air temperature must remain between 50 F and 110 F. The forecasted temperature must not be expected to be below 40 F within 3 days after placement. The surface area should be swept and opened to traﬃc no earlier than 14 hours after the application of the cover material. The contractor should allow for a minimum of 24 hours before applying permanent application of traﬃc striping or markings after completing the flush seal. Bituminous flush coat should be applied after receiving approval from the Engineer, but no earlier than 48 hours after application of the cover material. The flush coat material should be applied when the air temperature is 50 F and rising, and the pavement temperature is 70 F and rising. Bituminous flush coat should not be applied during fog, rain, or any other adverse conditions.

Observation of Paving Asphalt Material/Cover Material Application: The inspector must verify that the asphalt material is applied at a rate suﬃcient to obtain 50% chip embedment before the rolling operations, and 70% chip embedment after rolling operations. Application rates may be adjusted by the contractor throughout the day, depending on existing conditions. The inspector must verify that the asphalt emulsion is applied at a minimum temperature of 145 F. The material should not be applied if it does not meet the required viscosity. The inspector can verify viscosity with the materials technician. The material must spray through the distributor in a uniform manner that must remain in place on the roadway. The contractor must place building paper adjacent to the transverse construction joints before spaying operations begin. The longitudinal joints can be located within 6” of the traﬃc lane line location. The material should be sprayed evenly with no overlapping or undercoating. Page | 60

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CHAPTER 5 The inspector must verify that the distributor and the chip spreader maintain a distance of less than 150’. The contractor must maintain the chip spreader speed such that chips do not bounce or roll upon application. Surface Rolling: The contractor must use a minimum of three pneumatic-tire rollers in a longitudinal direction to rolling surface after the cover material has been applied. The roller must complete a minimum of three passes to seat the cover material. (A pass consists of the roller traveling in one direction only.) The contractor must maintain the roller speed in a manner that will not allow bouncing, skidding, tearing, and any other damage caused by the roller. The rollers should not exceed 5 mph during normal rolling efforts and speed should be reduced further during directional changes to prevent surface damage. The contractor should synchronize the speeds of the distributor and spreader to maintain the rolling operations within 2500’ of the ongoing chip seal application. The contractor must control bleeding with blotter material as directed by the Engineer. All excess or bleeding material must be swept off the roadway after the emulsion has set. The contractor must remove all excess cover material to the satisfaction of the Engineer before opening the roadway to any traffic. Bituminous Flush Coat Application: The inspector must verify that the surface has been cleaned of all dirt, sand, dust, loose chips, and any other objectionable material to the satisfaction of the Engineer before the application of the bituminous flush coat. The contractor must apply the bituminous flush coat at a rate of 0.11 gallon/square yard, with a tolerance of 0.01 gallon/square yard. The contractor must prevent all traffic from using the surfaced area until the bituminous material has set sufficiently to prevent tracking or pick-up. No traffic should be allowed the same day the chip seal coat is placed on interstate routes. The contractor should not place any bituminous asphalt after 6:00 p.m. if temperatures cannot be maintained throughout all night time hours.

Sampling and Testing The inspector should verify with the materials technician that the required UDOT MS&T of the aggregates and emulsions have been completed and accepted as per project specifications.

Common Issues 1. 2. 3. 4.

Paving with mix that does not meet the approved mix design. Distributor is not calibrated properly and the slurry is placed inconsistently. Slurry is not allowed to cure before traﬃc is allowed. Application of slurry during poor weather conditions.

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02785: CHIP SEAL COAT

Submittal Items  Test reports for aggregate.  Emulsion from qualiﬁed supplier.  Materials invoice or Bill of Lading (BOL).

Pre-Inspection Items  Verify aggregates/asphalt/polymer emulsion meet project specifications.  Verify application rates of chips and emulsion.  Verify equipment used is sufficient with project specifications and that equipment has been calibrated.  Verify roadway is clear of all debris or foreign objects, including moisture.  Verify all roadway objects are protected from overspray.  Verify that all aggregate stockpiles are within twenty minutes of road section, or Engineers approval that the aggregate can be obtained within twenty minutes.  Verify the contractor has calibrated the spreader for application rates.  Verify the contractor is operating within project specification limitations.     

Chip Seal Placement between May 15- August 31. Place seal coat when pavement temperature is 70-136 F. Place seal coat when air temperature is 50-110 F. Place seal coat when forecasted temperature is not expected to be below 40 F within 3 days after placement. Do not place bituminous asphalt after 6:00 p.m. if temperatures cannot be maintained throughout all night time hours.  Do not open to traffic the same day chip seal coat is placed on interstate routes. The surface should be swept and open to traffic no earlier than 14 hours after the placement of cover material.  The bituminous flush coat material must be applied after approval from the Engineer, but no earlier than 48 hours after the application of the cover material. The flush coat material should be applied when temperatures in the shade are 50 F and rising, while pavement temperatures must be 70 F and rising. The bituminous flush coat material should not be applied during fog, rain, or any other adverse conditions.

Observation of Asphalt Material/Cover Material Application  Verify that asphalt material is applied at a rate sufﬁcient to obtain 50% chip embedment before rolling, and 70 percent chip embedment after rolling.  Verify emulsion temperature is at a minimum of 145 F.  Verify correct viscosity of asphalt materials, so as to allow for a uniform spray and coverage of roadway.  Verify contractor has placed building paper adjacent to the transverse construction joint before starting spraying operations.  Verify joint locations and that the material is sprayed evenly with no overlapping or undercoating  Verify that the spreader has been calibrated for application rates. The distributor and chip spreader must maintain a distance of less than 150'. The speed of the chip spreader must be set to eliminate chip bouncing or rolling upon application.

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CHAPTER 5 02785: CHIP SEAL COAT (Continued)

Observation of Surface Rolling  Verify a minimum of three pneumatic-tire rollers are used in a longitudinal direction to roll surface after material has been spread.  Verify the roller makes a minimum of three passes to seat the cover material.  Verify that the contractor controls all bleeding with blotter material as directed by the engineer.  Verify the contractor has set the roller operation speed as to prevent any bouncing, skidding, or damages to the roadway.  Verify the contractor synchronize the speeds of the distributor and spreader to maintain the rolling operations within 2500' of the ongoing chip seal applications.  Verify the contractor has removed all excess or bleeding material as to the satisfaction of the Engineer before opening the roadway to trafﬁc.

Bituminous Flush Coat Application  Verify that all foreign objects and debris have been removed from the roadway to the satisfaction of the engineer prior to the placement of the bituminous material.  Verify application rates are correct according to project specifications.  Verify no traffic is allowed on roadway before the material is allowed to set up to prevent tracking or pick-up.  Verify the bituminous flush coat application is not placed after 6:00 p.m. unless temperatures can be maintained throughout the night time hours.

Sampling and Testing  Verify with the materials technician that the required UDOT MS&T of the aggregates and emulsions have been completed and accepted as per project speciﬁcations.

C) BONDED WEARING COURSE (BWC) – SECTION 02787 Description Bonded Wearing Course is the top surface of a pavement structure designed to improve skid resistance by allowing surface water to flow through its voids rather than over the top of the pavement. It is also designed to fight the disintegrating eﬀects of climate to the lower levels of the pavement structure due to its high asphalt cement content. It is often described as the wearing course. BWC may be placed on flexible or rigid pavements.

Submittal Requirements At least 10 working days prior to initiating paving, the Contractor must submit to the Engineer the following:

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1. Project Specific Mix Design. 2. Lottman test data using Method A lime slurry for all sources. Submit both A and B lime slurry data for new sources with no historic data. Meet minimum Tensile Strength Ratio of 80%. 3. Draindown test results when tested according to AASHTO T 305. Prior to start of paving, the inspector should get a copy of the approved project mix design. If an approved project mix design cannot be found, the inspector should immediately contact the Resident or Field Engineer to verify if project mix design has been approved. If not, inspector should inform contractor that the asphalt mix design has not been approved and any material placed is subject to removal if approval cannot be obtained. At a minimum, the following information should be included on the approved project mix design document: 1. Project Name and Number. 2. BWC type A, B, or C. 3. Binder Supplier and Grade. 4. Verification that draindown at optimum binder content is less than 0.10. 5. Moisture susceptibility (Lottman). 6. Asphalt Mix Supplier and Plant Location. 7. Design Binder Content. 8. Stockpile Blend Percentages. 9. Gradation Target Values for BWC Sieves. 10. Aggregate and Asphalt Cement Specific Gravities. 11. Recommended Mixing and Compaction Temperatures. 12. Verification Conditions. 13. AASHTO accredited laboratory in the use of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor. 14. Department approved Polymer Modified Emulsion Membrane supplier. 15. Mixing and compaction temperatures supplied by the Engineer. 16. Region Materials Engineer Signature. 17. Highlighted Changes to Job Mix Targets. Page | 64

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CHAPTER 5

Inspection Preparation Copies of plans, specifications and the UDOT MS&T must be reviewed prior to performing testing and inspection. The inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must identify the estimated quantity of BWC to be placed and review the project requirements and UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements for BWC paving sampling and testing. After determining the type of sampling and testing to be performed, the inspector or materials technician should calculate the random number sets necessary to be used for determining any fresh BWC asphalt samples at the plant. Sampling for BWC paving requires that the sampling technician be UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified. Sampling is not to be performed by an unqualified technician.

Pre-Paving Inspection Prior to paving, the inspector must review the surface conditions of the existing pavement. The following items should be reviewed and noted as conforming prior to placing BWC: Paver and Material Transfer Vehicle Characteristics: Use a self-priming paver designed and built for applying the BWC and approved by the Engineer with the following characteristics: 1. Equipped with receiving hopper, feed conveyor, asphalt emulsion storage tank, a system for measuring the Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsion Membrane volume applied, spray bar, and a heated, variable width, combination vibratory- tamping bar screed. 2. Capable of spraying the Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsion Membrane, applying the hot mix asphalt overlay and leveling the surface of the mat in one pass. 3. Capable of placing the hot mix asphalt within five seconds after the application of the Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsion Membrane. 4. Capable of paving at a controlled speed from 30 to 90â&#x20AC;&#x2122; per minute and make no contact between the wheel or other part of the paving machine and the Polymer Modified Emulsion Membrane before the hot mix asphalt concrete wearing course is applied. 5. Screed able to crown the pavement at the center and have vertically adjusted extensions to accommodate the desired pavement profile. The Material Transfer Vehicle must be approved by the Engineer with the following characteristics: 1. Ability to remix the BWC to eliminate truck end segregation, minimize temperature segregation, and deliver a uniform BWC to the paver. 2. Self-propelled machine independent of the paver.

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3. High capacity truck unloading system to receive BWC from the haul units. 4. Minimum 25-ton on board BWC surge capacity to minimize paver start/stops and maximize trucking eﬃciency. 5. Equipped with a pivoting paver loading conveyor with the ability to swing 55 F to either side to allow oﬀ-lane paving. 6. Paver hopper must be equipped with a hopper insert with a minimum capacity of 7 tons. 7. Hopper insert must have a mass flow design to deliver remixed BWC directly to the paver conveyor system.

Surface Preparation 1. All sewer and manhole covers, drains, grates, catch basins, and other utility structures must be protected and covered with plastic or building felt prior to paving. 2. All thermoplastic traﬃc markings must be removed. 3. Symbols, characters, or other marking greater than ¼” over the existing pavement must be removed. 4. Clean or route and seal flush with an approved hot applied crack sealing material pavement cracks and joints greater than ¼”. 5. All surface irregularities greater than 1” must be filled with a material approved by the Engineer. 6. The entire pavement surface to be overlaid must be thoroughly cleaned of any deleterious material using a pressurized washer and/or a vacuum system, giving specific attention to accumulated mud and debris.

CHAPTER 5: PAVEMENTS & MATERIALS

CHAPTER 5 4. Polymer Modified Emulsion Membrane must be applied at a uniform rate as directed by the Engineer. 5. Observe mix for segregation and coating. If questionable, contact materials technician to perform necessary sampling and testing to verify. 6. Verify that there is no leaking equipment being used. 7. Document the temperature of the mix and record on ticket. The mix temperature should be between 290 and 330 F. 8. BWC should be placed over the full width of the Polymer Modified Emulsion Membrane with a heated, combination vibratory-tamping bar screed. 9. If load is rejected, note reason for rejection on the ticket. 10. Document paver operation including starts and stops and ensure that the contractor maintains a steady paving speed. 11. Document rolling operations including sufficient rolling passes to seat BWC without fracturing aggregate. 12. Observe and document any surface cracking, roller lines or low spots after rolling operations. 13. Bring all passes up even transversely at the end of each working day. 14. Construct longitudinal joints within 6” of lane lines. 15. The inspector must verify that the contractor is maintaining thickness by use of a depth probe throughout the paving process. Verify that the contractor is taking corrective action if necessary on any deficiencies in depth occur. 16. Verify placement depth and width according to plans, proper edge slopes or match to curb and gutter. 17. Document weather conditions during paving operations, specifically temperature, precipitation and wind. 18. Documentation of final limits of paving operation for production day, including starting station and offset and ending station and offset.

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Construction Inspection Guide Sampling and Testing

During paving operations, the inspector must coordinate with the materials technician and Region Materials Lab to perform sampling of fresh BWC and liquid binder samples and have samples delivered to the lab or region lab in a timely manner. Samples are to be collected and documented by a UDOT TTQP qualified Sampling and Density technician and should be based on random number calculations for time or tons at the plant. Inspector must document the qualifications of the technician performing the sampling. Sampling and testing must be performed in accordance with UDOT’s Minimum Sampling and Testing Requirements and Materials Manual of Instruction. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented. Liquid binder and BWC samples are taken from the HMA plant in the presence of a contractor’s representative. Binder Sample Witness forms are to be filled out, signed and submitted with the samples to the UDOT Region Lab.

Limitations • BWC must be placed from May 1st to September 15th. Written approval must be obtained from Engineer for placement after September 15th. • Surface is free of ice/ponding, water/debris, or other materials. • Ambient and surface temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 60 F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing). • Anticipated location of longitudinal joints. Joints must not be in wheel path or within 6” of similar joint in layer below. • Anticipated location of transverse joints. Joints must be oﬀset at least 6’ from similar joint in layer below.

Pavement Smoothness See Smoothness Section 01242.

CHAPTER 5: PAVEMENTS & MATERIALS

CHAPTER 5 02787: BONDED WEARING COURSE (BWC)

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved mix design - supplier, binder grade, gradation, volumetrics, etc.  Hydrated Lime compliance information.  Asphalt Binder compliance information.  Determination of type of samples and tests to be performed.  Random number calculations for laboratory sample and binder. All samples will be taken from the plant.  For Placement:  Verify any rotomilling operations or HMA have been approved and accepted.  Surface is free of ice/ponding, water/debris, or other materials.  Tack coat has broken and cured and coverage is near 100%.  Ambient and surface temperatures are at or above project requirements (typically 60 F and rising, unless approved by the Engineer in writing).  Anticipated location of longitudinal joints.  Anticipated location of transverse joints.

Observation of Asphalt Material/Cover Material Application  Copy of each delivery ticket.  Verification that there is no leaking equipment being used.  Inspection of delivery trucks for emptiness and release agent.  Observation and documentation of:  Segregation  Coating  Mix Delivery Temperature  Documentation of:  Paver operation, start, stop, folding of wings, delays/Tack on adjacent vertical joints.  Rolling process is sufficient to seat aggregates without fracturing. Weather conditions, ambient temperatures.  Final paving limits.  Thickness using depth probe throughout paving operations.  Verify placement depth and width according to plans, proper edge slopes or match to curb and gutter.  Verify contractor will use corrective action for any thickness deficiencies.

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D) ASPHALT SLURRY SEAL COAT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SECTION 02789 Asphalt Slurry Seal Coat includes the products and procedures for mixing and spreading a properly proportioned mixture of fined graded aggregate, mineral filler, emulsified asphalt, and water. A cured slurry will result in a homogeneous appearance, firm surface adhesion, and skid resistant texture.

Submittals At least ten days prior to beginning construction the following must be submitted to the Engineer: 1. Mix Design and test results from a UDOT approved laboratory. 2. Mineral aggregate test reports. 3. Manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Certificate of Compliance for Mineral Filler. 4. Verification that the emulsified asphalt supplier adheres to the UDOT MS&T. 5. Requirements for Asphalt Emulsion Quality Management Plan. 6. Certification of analysis/compliance from the manufacturer for each shipment. 7. Asphalt/polymer emulsion.

Pre-Inspection Items and Inspection The inspector must verify with the materials technician that the aggregates meet project specifications. The asphalt/polymer supplier must also adhere to the UDOT Quality Management Plan for Asphalt Emulsion 508. This can be verified through the materials technician. The inspector must verify that all documentation including verification of asphalt application rates, slurry application, and other calibration verifications for applied materials during the slurry seal operations must be submitted to the Engineer on a daily basis, or as requested by the Engineer. The contractor must have all application equipment on site before beginning any slurry seal work. All equipment including distributors, pavers, mixers, and trucks must meet project specifications. The contractor must calibrate each mixing unit in the presence of the Engineer before a machine is used on a project. This can be verified through the contractor, or owner of equipment. The inspector must verify that the road surface has been cleared of all dirt, sand, dust, and other objectionable material to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The contractor must protect all structures, including guardrail, guideposts, concrete barriers, parapet walls, manholes, valve boxes, drop inlets, and other service utility entrances before placing any slurry seal coat. Page | 70

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CHAPTER 5 The inspector must verify that the contractor has created individual 500-ton stockpiles of slurry seal aggregates. The Engineer must approve stockpiles at a minimum of one and a maximum of seven days prior to use. The contractor must notify the Engineer a minimum of seven calendar days prior to slurry seal placement in order for the initial stockpiles to be sampled and tested for accepted. All material not meeting specifications must be removed from the stockpile area. The material must be retested to ensure that the material has been corrected. The approval of the stockpiles will be an on-going process. The Inspector must continually check with the Materials technician to ensure that all stockpiles have met project specifications. The inspector must verify that the stockpiled material is placed on a clean base to minimize contamination. The contractor must maintain uniform dampening of the stockpiles. The inspector must verify that the contractor does not place any slurry seal coat if moisture is present on the underlying material. The seal coat may not be placed when the air or pavement temperature is 50 F and falling. Slurry seal may be applied when both the pavement and air temperatures are above 45 F and rising. Slurry seal may not be applied when the temperature is projected to be below 33 F within 24 hours of placing slurry seal. Slurry Seal coat should not be applied during fog, rain, or any other adverse conditions. TraďŹ&#x192;c should be removed from the roadway surface until the slurry seal has properly cured.

Observation of Paving Asphalt Material/Cover Material Application: The underlying surface must be moistened by using a fogging application. This process will be ahead of the slurry box. It is important that the inspector visually observe this operation to ensure that fogging is not over applied causing water to sit on the pavement in front of the slurry box. The slurry box must carry a suďŹ&#x192;cient amount of slurry in all parts of the spreader at all times to ensure that full width and complete

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coverage is obtained with no streaks or narrow spots. The spreader should not be overloaded. The inspector should visually observe this process to ensure that complete coverage is met. If the inspector is not satisfied with coverage, the contractor should be notified immediately, to take corrective action. The contractor must apply the slurry mixture of proper consistency at an average rate of 18 to 22 lb/square yard. No additional water may be added once the mixture has been placed onto the road surface. If the inspector notices the following, the material must be removed and replaced: 1. Lumping, balling, or unmixed aggregates. 2. Separation of the coarse aggregate from the emulsion and fines. 3. Settling of the coarse aggregate to the bottom of the mix. 4. Excessive breaking of emulsion inside the spreader box. 5. Streaking caused by oversized aggregate. The contractor must place building paper adjacent to the transverse construction joints before spaying operations begin. The longitudinal joints can be located within 6” of the traﬃc lane line location. The material should be sprayed evenly with no overlapping or undercoating.

Common Issues 1. Paving with mix that does not meet the approved mix design. 2. Distributor is not calibrated properly and the slurry is placed inconsistently. 3. Slurry is not allowed to cure before traﬃc is allowed. 4. Application of slurry during poor weather conditions.

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CHAPTER 5 02789: ASPHALT SLURRY SEAL COAT

Submittal Items      

Mix Design and test results from a UDOT approved laboratory. Test reports for aggregate. Manufacturer’s certificate of compliance for mineral filler. Verification that the emulsified asphalt supplier adheres to the UDOT MS&T. Asphalt Polymer/Emulsion. Materials invoice or Bill of Lading (BOL).

Pre-Inspection Items        

Verify aggregates/asphalt/polymer emulsion meet project specifications. Verify application rates of slurry and other calibration verification for applied materials during the slurry seal. Verify equipment used is sufficient with project specifications and that equipment has been calibrated. Verify roadway is clear of all debris or foreign objects, including moisture. Verify all roadway objects are protected from overspray. Verify that all aggregate stockpiles have been accepted by the Engineer. Verify the contractor has calibrated the spreader for application rates. Verify the contractor is operating within project specification limitations:  Slurry is not placed on locations with standing water.  Slurry seal is not placed when air or pavement temperature is 50 F and falling.  Place slurry seal when both the pavement and air temperatures are above 45 F and rising.  Slurry seal may not be applied when the temperature is projected to be below 33 F within 24 hours of placing slurry seal.  Slurry Seal coat should not be applied during fog, rain, or any other adverse conditions.  Traffic should be removed from the roadway surface until the slurry seal has properly cured.

Observation of Asphalt Material/Cover Material Application     

Verify that the fogging operations have been applied prior to the seal. Verify that asphalt material is applied at a rate sufficient to obtain full, uniform coverage Verify no additional water has been added once the seal has been applied. Verify that the spreader has been calibrated for application rates. If the Inspector notices the following the material should be removed and replaced.  Lumping, balling, or unmixed aggregates.  Separation of the coarse aggregate from the emulsion and fines.  Settling of the coarse aggregates to the bottom of the mix Excessive breaking of emulsion in the spreader box.  Streaking caused by oversized aggregates.  The contractor must place building paper adjacent to the transverse construction joints before spaying operations begin.  Longitudinal joints can be located within 6" of the traffic lane line. Material should be sprayed evenly with no overlapping or undercoating.

Sampling and Testing Items  Verify with the materials technician that the required UDOT MS&T of the aggregates and emulsions have been completed and accepted as per project speciﬁcations.

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E) MICRO-SURFACING â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SECTION 02735 Micro-Surfacing consists of the mixing and spreading a properly proportioned mixture of aggregate, mineral filler, additives, polymer-modified asphalt emulsion, and water. The cured mixture will exhibit a homogeneous appearance, a firm surface adhesion, and a skid resistant texture. The micro-surface mixture should be capable of being spread in variable thickness cross-sections, ruts, scratch courses, and surfaces.

Submittals At least 10 days prior to beginning construction the following should be submitted to the Engineer: 1. A mix design including the following: a. Residual asphalt cement content, within project specifications of dry total weight of aggregate. b. Aggregate gradation target within the job-mix gradation design limits set in project specifications. c. Mineral filler, percentage by total dry weight of aggregate. d. Polymer modifier 2.5% minimum polymer solids based on the residual asphalt content. e. Additives as determined by design testing to control mix set times and adhesion. f. Percentage limits for additives. g. Use the same material and aggregate gradation to be used on the project. 2. Mineral aggregate test reports. 3. Verification that Hydrated Lime meets project specifications. 4. Manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Certificate of Compliance for Mineral Filler. 5. Provide calibration documentation for each mixing unit that includes an individual calibration for each material at various settings, which can be related to the machines metering devices. Page | 74

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CHAPTER 5

Inspection Preparation Copies of plans, specifications and the UDOT MS&T must be reviewed prior to performing testing and inspection. The inspector, with the assistance of the crew materials technician, must identify the estimated micro-surfacing quantity be placed and review the project requirements and UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing requirements for micro-surfacing sampling and testing. After determining the type of sampling and testing to be performed, the inspector or materials technician should calculate the random number sets necessary to be used for determining any stockpile sampling at the plant. Sampling for micro-surfacing requires that the sampling technician be UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified. Sampling is not to be performed by an unqualified technician.

Pre-Inspection The inspector must obtain the Engineer’s written acceptance of a stockpile prior to its use in a micro-surface. This information can be obtained through the Materials Technician, the Engineer, or the Material Region Laboratory. Mixing equipment should be visually inspected by the inspector to ensure that the equipment is specifically design and manufactured to mix and place micro-surfacing. The inspector must visually observe that the existing surface has been cleaned of all dirt, sand, dust, oil, and other objectionable material immediately prior to applying the micro-surface. If the surface was cleaned using water, the areas with excessive water must be allowed to dry. The contractor must cover all manholes, valve boxes, drop inlets, and any other service utilities prior to surfacing. If the inspector is not satisfied with the contractors’ attempts then the contractor should be notified immediately, so corrective action may be taken. The contractor must apply a test strip of at least 500' in length on the existing roadway before the initial placement may begin. The test strip must set within 30 minutes and show no visual signs of distress when exposed to traﬃc action after curing for two hours. The test strip may be included in the completed micro-surface if the strip is accepted by the Engineer. The test strip must be removed and replaced if the Engineer is not satisfied with the strip. If the initial test strip is rejected, the contractor must obtain approval from the Engineer prior to repeating the test strip process. The Engineer may request that a new job-mix design be submitted if the failures indicate an ingredient problem.

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Inspection Micro-surfacing may not be applied when the following conditions are present. 1. Micro-surface may not be applied during rain, when road surface moisture is present, or during any other adverse weather conditions. 2. Micro-surface may not be applied if either the pavement or air temperature is below 50 F. 3. Micro-surface may not be applied when the projected temperature is below 33 F within 24 hours of placing micro-surface. 4. Micro-surface operations must be ceased when the weather or other conditions prolong opening the roadway to traďŹ&#x192;c beyond two hours. The contractor may pre-wet the surface when required by local conditions by fogging ahead of the micro-surface box. The inspector must monitor the metering and/or measuring devices to ensure that the proper ingredient proportions are being met according to the submitted job-mix design. The inspector should monitor that all increases or decreases in the amount of mineral filler added are limited to 1%. The inspector should monitor that the mineral aggregates are passed over a scalping screen prior to transfer to the micro-surfacing mixing machine to remove any oversize material. The inspector must visually observe that full width and complete coverage is obtained with no streaks or narrow spots. Uniform spreading is achieved by loading the spreader with suďŹ&#x192;cient material to allow for even spreading, but preventing the spreader from being overloaded. The contractor may not add any additional water to the mixture once the mixture has been placed onto the road surface. The micro-surface must be placed so the depth of each course does not exceed twice the maximum aggregate size. Build-up should be prevented while constructing longitudinal and transverse joints. The micro-surface should be placed adjacent to concrete pavements or concrete curb and gutter with a straight longitudinal edge, without overlap. Construction paper may be used so all beginning and ending joint lines from each construction pass are straight. Straight lines must be maintained at all locations. In locations with side streets and intersections the micro-surface must be placed out to the right-of-way line. Hand squeegees may be used to spread micro-surface in areas that cannot be reached with the micro-surface machine. The inspector should visually observe the final placement of the micro-surfacing material. If the inspector observes any of the following conditions, the material must be removed and replaced by the contractor. Page | 76

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CHAPTER 5 1. Lumping, balling, or unmixed aggregates 2. Separation of the coarse aggregate from the emulsion and fines. 3. Excessive breaking of emulsion inside the spreader box. 4. Streaking caused by oversized aggregate. 5. Flushing or excessively rich areas appearing in the micro-surfacing after two hours from the time of placement. 6. Any measurable rutting, shoving, or other evidence of premature deformation when exposed to traďŹ&#x192;c with re-approved micro-surfacing materials and procedures. All traďŹ&#x192;c must be removed from the roadway surface until the micro-surface has cured.

Sampling and Testing The Engineer must be notified a minimum of seven calendar days prior to micro- surface placement in order to allow for the initial stockpiles to be sampled and tested for acceptance. Stockpiles will be sampled at a minimum of one and a maximum of seven days prior to use. One sieve analysis is needed for every 500 tons of material. Sampling and testing must be performed by a UDOT TTQP Sampling and Density qualified technician. All material not meeting project specifications must be removed from the stockpile area to prevent from the usage of reject material. Once the material has been corrected by the contractor, the material must be retested to ensure that the material will meet acceptance specifications.

Common Issues 1. Paving with mix or asphalt emulsion that does not meet the approved mix design. 2. Segregation from the paver or dumping operations. 3. Asphalt that is colder than minimum allowable temperature. 4. InsuďŹ&#x192;cient compaction. 5. Compaction patterns and practices that are inconsistent and do not address mat edges/ joints.

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02735: MICRO-SURFACING

Submittal Items  Mix Design and test results from a UDOT approved laboratory.  Test reports for aggregate.  Manufacturer’s certificate of compliance for mineral filler.  Verification that the emulsified asphalt supplier adheres to the UDOT MS&T.  Asphalt Polymer/Emulsion.  Materials invoice or Bill of Lading (BOL).

Pre-Inspection Items        

Verify aggregates/ asphalt/ polymer emulsion meet project specifications. Verify application rates of slurry and other calibration verification for applied materials during the micro-surfacing. Verify equipment used is sufficient with project specifications and that equipment has been calibrated. Verify roadway is clear of all debris or foreign objects, including moisture. Verify all roadway objects are protected from overspray. Verify that all aggregate stockpiles have been accepted by the Engineer. Verify the contractor has calibrated the spreader for application rates. Verify the contractor is operating within project specification limitations:  Micro-surfacing is not placed on locations with standing water.  Micro-surfacing is not placed when air or pavement temperature is 50 F and falling  Place Micro-surfacing when both the pavement and air temperatures are above 45 F and rising  Micro-surfacing may not be applied when the temperature is projected to be below 33 F within 24 hours of placing slurry seal.  Micro-surfacing should not be applied during fog, rain, or any other adverse conditions  Traffic should be removed from the roadway surface until the slurry seal has properly cured.

Observation of Asphalt Material/Cover Material Application     

Verify that the fogging operations have been applied prior to the seal. Verify that asphalt material is applied at a rate sufﬁcient to obtain full, uniform coverage. Verify no additional water has been added once the seal has been applied. Verify that the spreader has been calibrated for application rates. If the Inspector notices the following the material should be removed and replaced:  Lumping, balling, or unmixed aggregates.  Separation of the coarse aggregate from the emulsion and ﬁnes  Settling of the coarse aggregates to the bottom of the mix Excessive breaking of emulsion in the spreader box.  Streaking caused by oversized aggregates.

 The contractor must place building paper adjacent to the transverse construction joints before spaying operations begin.  Longitudinal joints can be located within 6" of the trafﬁc lane line.  Material should be sprayed evenly with no overlapping or undercoating.

Sampling and Testing Items  Verify with the materials technician that the required UDOT MS&T of the aggregates and emulsions have been completed and accepted as per project speciﬁcations.

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CHAPTER 5

5.4 RIGID PAVEMENT Rigid pavements are constructed using Portland cement concrete and are used extensively for paving high-volume highways and local streets where repetitive maintenance applications can affect local business. Achieving a durable and high level of performance with these products requires careful attention during the site preparation, mixing, transporting, placing, and compaction processes. A pre-paving meeting is normally held involving the resident engineer and staff in addition to the contractor’s and material supplier’s personnel involved in material production and paving operations. Topics generally include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following: • Mix design information/approval • Key personnel and their roles • Plant inspection • Traffic control plan specific to paving operations • Specification requirements, including limitations and testing/acceptance procedures and reporting protocol • Sequencing or phasing of paving operations and a review of number and type of equipment used

A) PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT – SECTION 02752 Description Portland Cement Concrete Pavement is a mixture of Portland cement, potable water, clean well graded sand, clean durable well graded gravel, and an air-entrainment admixture for mixes designated with an AE. Additional admixtures may be used to create certain characteristics for unique conditions and as permitted by the specifications. A concrete with the proper slump, airentrainment, well-proportioned and quality aggregates and sand will result in a product of good performance and durability.

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Submittals (To be fulfilled by the contractor) 1. Region Lab Approved Mix Design (See section 03055 Portland Cement Concrete for mix design and trial batch submittals). a. Mix design trial batch information for PCCP must include flexural test results. 2. Certified scale axle weights for each haul unit in terms of yardage to be hauled when requested by the Engineer. 3. Portland cement concrete pavement texturing plan. 4. Written plan for approval 14 calendar days before concrete placement. a. Ingredients. b. Production methods. c. Handling and placing. d. Sampling, testing, and storage including details for platform or optional on grade facilities. e. Protection and curing including hot or cold weather plan or both. 5. Verification that the batch plant meets the requirements of the UDOT Quality Management Plan for Ready-Mix Concrete. The inspector must verify that the contractor has performed trial batch testing at the plant and mixer uniformity testing.

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CHAPTER 5 The inspector should obtain a copy of the Engineer approved reinforcing steel, joint detailing, and dowel placement plan. The inspector should verify that the dowel bar cages have been laid out properly and the bars are in good condition. The inspector should verify that the contractor has provided a testing platform and cylinder storage device within 250' of the batch plant that meets project specifications or has arranged for optional on grade facilities if the platform is not being used. Prior to any paving operations or during the initial load the inspector must ensure that all equipment at the paving site is checked for compliance with specifications. At a minimum, the inspector must observe and note the following: Conventional Paving Machines 1. Vehicles for hauling are approved as per project specifications and ensure that the haul beds are clean. 2. Dowel bar inserters have been calibrated and set up for proper placement. 3. Vibrators are working satisfactorily to project specifications. 4. Slip Form and Screed should be clean and free of hardened concrete and in working condition. 5. Texturing and curing equipment should be in proper working condition and meet project specifications. 6. During night operations the contractor must provide proper lighting equipment. Hand Paving Applications 1. Vibrators. 2. Forms. 3. Texturing and curing equipment should be in proper working condition and meet project specifications. If any adjustments need to be made, the contractor should be notified immediately. The inspector must obtain a copy of the Engineer approved contractorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cold/warm weather plan, concrete curing plan, and finishing texture plan.

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Inspection Once paving operations begin, the contractor must keep the base course or existing surface moist at least 500' in front of the paving machine. Areas of standing water should be avoided. The inspector should visually observe throughout the day that the contractor is maintaining their grade stakes on the underlying surface for grade control of the paving operation to ensure that proper concrete thickness is met. The inspector should verify with the concrete testing technician that the batches of concrete are within project specifications for slump, air content, and temperature prior to the concrete being placed at the paver. All batch tickets should be collected by the concrete testing technician to provide documentation on each batch. The inspector must also verify that the correlation testing between the platform and the in-place testing are being performed and that the concrete is still within project specifications behind the paver. If the correlation tests show that the concrete is out of project specification behind the paver, the inspector must notify the contractor immediately to correct the batching operation. Additional testing must be performed if any changes have been made to the batching operations to verify that the concrete meets project specifications.

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CHAPTER 5 The inspector should verify that the reinforcing steel and dowel bars are being placed and secured as per project specifications. The inspector should visually observe that the concrete is being placed in a manner that evenly distributes the concrete throughout the width of the paver so as not to overload the paver resulting in an uneven grade or profile. Segregation in the concrete can also occur by not distributing the concrete evenly across the paver. If the paver is not maintaining an even distribution of concrete the contractor should be notified immediately to correct the situation. The inspector should visually observe that the automatic finish tools on the paving machine are working properly and that the hand finishing is done in a timely manner without overworking the surface. The inspector should also inspect the edges to ensure that the edges are not sagging due to overworking or excessive slump. If any edge slumping is observed then the contractor should be notified immediately to determine if the concrete batching should be corrected or finishing of the concrete should be adjusted in order to maintain correct edge profiles. The inspector should visually observe that the curing operation is being completed in a manner that provides at least 95% coverage over the total mat area. If this is not being accomplished the contractor should be notified and the paving operation should be shut down to allow for curing procedures to be corrected. The inspector should visually observe that texturing operations are being performed as per project specifications. The inspector should verify that the texturing operation is being performed in a timely manner so as to ensure that proper texturing depth is obtained. If the texturing operations do not meet project specifications the contractor should be notified to correct the timing and procedures of the texturing operations. The inspector should visually observe that all saw cutting take place in a timely manner and as per project specifications for type of cut, depth, etc. The saw cutting process should be done in the correct timing sequence. Saw cutting should take place after the concrete has set up to relieve stress to prevent uncontrolled cracking, If the saw cutting process cannot maintain timing with the paving operation then every other joint may be skipped in order to minimize major stresses throughout the length of pavement. The skipped joints must be cut as soon as the saw cutting operations have caught up to paving operations. The contractor should be notified to adjust paving operations to allow for the correct timing of saw cutting to be performed.

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The inspector must verify that after the saw cut has been completed the joint should be thoroughly cleaned of all debris and cement powder.. The contractor should clean and dry all joints before the joint is sealed. The contractor should clean the joint with a minimum of 100 psi of air pressure. The air compressor used should be equipped with operating oil and water traps. The joint should be filled flush with the project approved joint sealant. The concrete mat should not have any equipment or traďŹ&#x192;c prior to the joints being sealed. The inspector should verify that the contractor is maintaining their cold/hot weather plans for the protection of the concrete mat and that no traďŹ&#x192;c has been allowed on the concrete mat prior to verification by strength testing that strength has been met. This can be verified through the Materials Technician and Engineer.

CHAPTER 5: PAVEMENTS & MATERIALS

CHAPTER 5 The inspector must document the qualifications of the technician performing the sampling. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented by the inspector. The inspector should verify that the following MS&T requirements have been met: 1. Stockpile Gradations. 2. Slump, Air Content, and Concrete Temperature. 3. Air content Correlation testing to determine loss of entrained air form the platform to the finished in-place pavement. 4. Compressive Strength Test. 5. Thickness.

Common Issues 1. Stockpile gradations that are out of specification. 2. Paving without an approved mix design. 3. Failure to apply proper curing compound. 02752: PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Pre-Inspection Items  Approved mix design - Mix design trial batch information for PCCP must include flexural test results.  Certified scale axle weights for each haul unit in terms of yardage to be hauled when requested by the Engineer.  PCCP texturing plan.  Written plan for approval 14 calendar days before concrete placement- Including ingredients, production methods, handling and placing, sampling and testing platform, and protection and curing hot or cold weather plan.  Verification that the batch plant meets the requirements of the UDOT Quality Management Plan for Ready-Mix Concrete- trial batch testing at the plant and mixer uniformity testing.

Pre-Paving Items  Verify that the grade and profile are correct according to project plans.  Verify that all UDOT MS&T requirements have been met on the underlying surface and aggregate stockpiles.  Obtain a copy of the Engineer approved reinforcing steel, joint detailing, and dowel placement plan. The inspector should verify that the dowel bar cages have been laid out and aligned properly, and the bars are in the good condition.  Verify the contractor has provided a testing platform within 250' of the batch plant that meets project specifications or has arranged for optional on grade facilities if the platform is not being used.  Inspector must ensure that all equipment at the paving site is checked for compliance with specifications.  Obtain a copy of the Engineer approved contractor’s cold/warm weather plan, concrete curing plan and finishing texture plan.

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02752: PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT (Continued)

Observation of Asphalt Material/Cover Material Application  Verify the contractor is keeping the base course or existing surface moist at least 500' in front of the paving machine. Areas of standing water should be avoided.  Verify the contractor is maintaining their grade stakes on the underlying surface for grade control of the paving operation to ensure that proper concrete thickness is met.  Verify with the concrete testing technician that the batches of concrete are within project specifications for slump, air content, and temperature prior to the concrete being placed at the paver.  Verify that the correlation testing between the platform and the in-place testing are being performed and that the concrete is still within project specifications behind the paver.  Verify that the reinforcing steel and dowel bars are being placed and secured as per project specifications.  Visually observe that the concrete is being placed in a manner that evenly distributes the concrete throughout the width of the paver so as not to overload the paver resulting in an uneven grade or profile.  Visually observe that the automatic finish tools on the paving machine are working properly and that the hand finishing is done in a timely manner without overworking the surface.  Inspect the edges to ensure that the edges are not sagging due to overworking or excessive slump.  Visually observe that the curing operation is being completed in a manner that provides at least 95% coverage over the total mat area for each of the 2 applications. Combined application rate should be 1 gallon/100 SF.  Visually observe that texturing operations are being performed as per project specifications. The inspector should verify that texturing operations are being performed in a timely manner so as to ensure that the proper texturing depth is obtained.  Visually observe that all saw cutting take place in a timely manner and as per project specifications for type of cut, depth, etc.  Verify that after the saw cut has been completed the joint is thoroughly cleaned of all debris and cement powder.  Verify the contractor has filled the joint flush with the project approved joint sealant. The concrete mat should not have any equipment or traffic prior to the joints being sealed.  Verify the contractor is maintaining their cold/ hot weather plans for the protection of the concrete mat and that no traffic has been allowed on the concrete mat prior to verification by strength testing that strength has been met.

Sampling and Testing Items  Coordinate with the materials technician to perform sampling of fresh PCCP samples according to the UDOT MS&T requirements. This can be done at the platform or another approved on-site testing facility.  Qualiﬁcations of sampling technicians.  Sieve Analysis (Sampling occurs at the batch plant).  Slump, Air Content, Concrete Temperature, Strength Testing (Sampling occurs at the batch plant or approved on-site facility).  Correlation testing for Air Content between platform or approved on-site facility and behind the paver.  Concrete Thickness.

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B) GRINDING PAVEMENT – SECTION 02981 This section covers the grinding of existing PCCP pavement and should not be confused with new construction or grinding of asphalt concrete pavements.

Pre Inspection The contractor must provide and operate equipment utilizing diamond blades on a self propelled machine designed for grinding and texturing pavement. The equipment must not damage transverse or longitudinal joints. The contractor must use vacuuming equipment as necessary to remove residue and excess water.

Inspection Grinding should be done until both sides of transverse cracks are in the same plane and smoothness requirements are met. Grinding should be done in a longitudinal direction and provide a uniform texture. The inspector should ensure that the texture consists of / ” deep grooves between 0.90" and 0.150" wide with a distance between the grooves between 0.06" and 0.13”. Cross slope drainage must be maintained. The inspector should verify that the transverse slope has no misalignment or depression greater than ¼” in 10’. Smoothness Testing is to be performed as per Section 01452 except the average profile index shall be no greater than 2” per mile. The inspector must verify that the grinding operation does not damage the underlying surface of the pavement. 02981: GRINDING PAVEMENT  Verify no damage to joint.  Verify that cross slope drainage is maintained without depressions or misalignments greater than ¼" over 10'.  Verify texture after grinding meets specifications.  Verify that the grinding operation does not damage the underlying surface of the pavement.  Profilograph/profile information for smoothness testing in accordance with Section 01452.

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C) PARTIAL DEPTH REPAIR

FOR

CONCRETE PAVEMENTS – SECTION 02751

Definition Partial depth repair for concrete pavements consists of the removal of spalled or delaminated concrete in the upper 1/3 to ½ of the pavement. The underlying surface is then cleaned, maintained, and joints are prepared to allow for replacement of the finished surface. After the underlying surface has been properly prepared according to project plans and specifications, patch material is placed and cured.

Submittals The Manufacturer’s product data, specifications, and recommended installation instructions should be submitted to the Engineer prior to construction of the partial depth repair for concrete pavement.

Inspection The inspector should visually observe the removal process of the spalled or delaminated concrete. The inspector should remark any additional areas for removal once removal operations have begun. Any additional damage caused during the removal process should be removed and replaced by the contractor. The contractor must remove all loose particles, oil, dust, traces of asphalt concrete, or other contaminants. Sandblasting or waterblasting may be used at a minimum of 2,000 psi. All cleaning grit must be removed before any material is replaced. Any reinforcing steel exposed should be sandblasted clean or removed before placing any patch material. The contractor must maintain all existing joints with a width equal to the opening in all working joints and cracks within or adjacent to the patch. The joint must be placed 1” below and 3” laterally beyond the patch boundary. The existing joint should not be widened to provide for or facilitate placement of the removable joint material.

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CHAPTER 5 The inspector must visually observe the contractor preparing the surface for placing Portland cement concrete. Preparation includes applying a bonding agent of cementitious grout or epoxy designed for bonding concrete products. The grout should be prepared by combining sand and Portland cement in a 1:1 ratio by volume and enough water to produce a creamy consistency. The inspector should ensure that the cementitious material is applied to the bottom and sides of the repair area with a brush. The repair area should be evenly and fully covered to ensure that the proper bond is established. The patching material must be applied before the bonding agent is allowed to dry. Patching operations should not begin until a Manufacturer’s representative is on site. The Manufacturer’s representative will address the following requirements: 1. On site mixing permissibility and constraints. 2. Surface preparation of the repair area and appropriate bonding agent. 3. Consolidation requirements. 4. Pot life of mix. 5. Environmental conditions and limitations. The patched surface should be cured immediately after finishing operations. The patched surface should be uniformly sprayed at a rate of 50ft²/gal. Traffic should be removed from the patch location until the patching material has achieved required strength. All patch placements should be protected with an approved traffic control device. All partial depth repairs must be done in a manner that will satisfy the Engineer. The inspector should visually inspect the patch for the following failures and notify the Engineer as soon as possible: 1. Failures due to cracking, including any visible crack, shrinkage including breaking of bond between patch and pavement, or pop-outs including pieces of pavement broken loose from surface greater than ½" diameter. 2. Unsatisfactorily or improper workmanship by the Contractor, including patches with surface profiles that vary from the existing roadway profile by more than / ”. Patches with a profile higher than / ” from the existing roadway profile may be ground to meet the existing profile instead of removal and replacement. 3. Failures due to damage by the operation or public traffic.

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Upon completion of placing the patch material the contractor must fill overcuts flush to the pavement surface with an approved repair epoxy. All joint forming material should be removed and all joints should then be filled with hot pour material. The roadway and shoulders must be swept of all debris before opening to traﬃc. During the cleaning operations the contractor should take special care not to damage the patch.

Sampling and Testing The inspector should coordinate with the materials technician and verify if sampling and testing is needed.

Common Issues 1. Repair material used is not approved 2. Edges of repair areas are not vertical 3. Repair areas are not filled properly 4. Repair material is too stiﬀ to achieve proper consolidation

02751: PARTIAL DEPTH REPAIR FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT  Manufacturer’s product data, specifications, and installation instructions.  Approved concrete mix design, if required.  Manufacturer’s product data and recommended application for concrete curing compound.  Proper concrete removal equipment including saws and 30 pound or less jackhammers.  Area removed per specification with all spalled, delaminated or damaged concrete removed to 1/3 to 1/2 pavement thickness.  Reinforcing steel sandblasted clean, all debris removed before placement of material.  Material placed to maintain existing joints with joint material placed 1" below and 3" beyond patch boundary.  For placement of proprietary materials, a manufacturer's representative is on site reviewing placement procedures.  Proper curing, repair area not exposed to traffic until required strength is attained.

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D) FULL DEPTH SLAB REPLACEMENT SECTION 02753

FOR

CONCRETE PAVEMENTS –

Submittals The following should be submitted to the Engineer prior to beginning construction: 1. Manufacturer’s product data 2. Manufacturer’s Specifications 3. Manufacturer’s recommended installation instructions 4. Approved concrete mix design

Pre-Inspection Prior to arriving at the project location, at a minimum, the inspector should obtain a set of standard drawings, plan specifications, approved mix design, and UDOT MS&T requirements. The Engineer should supply the Inspector with the standard drawings and plan specifications.

Inspection The inspector should visually observe that the contractor remove the correct panel, panels, or panel section. The inspector shall determine the extent and dimensions of the repair from the plan sheets and adhere to the requirements provided by the Standard Drawings. The inspector should observe the contractors’ cutting depths to ensure that full depth cuts are made. The cuts should be around the perimeter of the panels in a rectangular pattern. Once the panels are cut they should be lifted out using chains and lift pins to try to minimize the disturbance of the base material. The inspector should note any disturbances to the underlying surface or adjacent slabs during the removal process and notify the contractor to allow for corrective measures to be made. Once the panel is removed the contractor must remove any additional concrete debris left in the existing location. The contractor must reconstruct the base to grade and compact to standard specifications. Once the base is to grade the contractor may form any side that does not have an adjacent panel. The forms should be set to match existing panels. The inspector must visually inspect the dowel placement and tie bars. All dowel and tie bars should be stockpiled in an area to be kept clean and free of damage. The inspector should follow standard drawings located in the project specifications. The inspector must visually

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observe the drill holes to ensure that the proper depth is met. The contractor must clean all drilled to remove all dust, grease, and other contaminants. The epoxy resin adhesive should be injected into the end of the drilled, cleaned hole. The inspector should visually observe that the contractor provides one full revolution while inserting the bar. Retention rings should be used to prevent the bonding compound from flowing out of the hole. The inspector can easily check to see if suﬃcient bonding compound is used by checking if the void is completely filled between the bar and the outer limits of the drilled hole. All bars should be aligned horizontally and vertically to meet requirements provided in the standard drawings. The inspector should check all dowels and tie bars for the following requirements to ensure the structural material meets project specifications: 1. Bar size 2. Bar Length 3. Grade of Bar 4. Bar Coating Once the dowels and tie bars have been placed the inspector must check the following: 1. Bars are aligned horizontally and vertically with the correct spacing. 2. Any bar coating damage has been repaired with the appropriate material. 3. Dowels have been fitted with tight fitting end caps made of non-metallic materials that allow ¼” movement, on protruding dowels used at expansion joints. 4. Protruding portion of dowel bars has been lubricated with a material consisting of paraﬃn wax, lithium grease or other semi-solid, inert lubricant approved by the Engineer. 5. All loose bars have been removed and replaced. After the dowel and tie bar inspection the inspector must visually observe that the contractor has prepared the existing joints for placement. The joints must maintain existing pavement joint layout. A bond breaker approved by the Engineer must be placed on the existing pavement Page | 92

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CHAPTER 5 edges that compose existing joints, either transverse or horizontal. The saw joint must occur on the same line if repairs straddle an existing joint line. Once the initial inspection has been completed with the satisfaction of the Inspector and Engineer, the contractor may begin to place the concrete. The finished concrete patch must be placed within ⁄ ” of existing profile. If the contractor is not within the specified tolerance then they may have to remove and replace, or grind the patch to meet the existing pavement profile. The contractor must get the approval from the Engineer before taking any corrective actions. The patch must be textured to match the surface of the existing pavement. The concrete must cure and should not be open to traﬃc until the 4,000 psi strength is reached.

Sampling and Testing The inspector should coordinate with the materials technician and verify if sampling and testing is needed.

Common Issues 1. Repair material used is not approved. 2. Edges of repair areas are not vertical. 3. Repair areas are not filled properly. 4. Repair material is too stiff to achieve proper consolidation. 02753: FULL DEPTH SLAB REPLACEMENT FOR CONCRETE PAVEMENTS  Manufacturer’s product data, specifications, and installation instructions.  Approved concrete mix design, if required.  Manufacturer’s product data and recommended application for concrete curing compound.  Acceptable equipment and procedure for panel removal.  Base reworked – verify density.  Dowel bars and tie bars placed as per PV drawing.  Holes for bar placement drilled at mid-depth of slab.  Acceptable epoxy properly injected and bars placed.  Concrete temperature within acceptable range.  Acceptable curing compound applied at proper application rate.  Joint sawing at correct time and matching existing pattern.  Area replaced not exposed to traffic until required strength is attained.

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E) DOWEL BAR RETROFIT – SECTION 02754 Dowel bar retrofit is the procedure for installing coated dowel bars across existing transverse joints and cracks to stabilize adjacent slabs and provide a smoother ride.

Submittals The Engineer must be supplied with documentation form the manufacturer verifying that the patching material meets the following requirements: 1. Mix must have ¼” nominal maximum aggregate size. 2. The material must meet the following performance criteria: a. Minimum compressive strength of 4,000 psi at 28 days. b. Minimum bond strength of 1,000 psi at 24 hours.

Prior to Inspection Prior to arrival at the project locations, the inspector should get a copy of the approved standard drawings and project specifications. The inspector should gather the following information from the standard drawings and plans: 1. Locations, stations, and oﬀsets. 2. Width of cut. 3. Depth of cut. 4. Length of cut. 5. Dowel size. 6. Dowel spacing. 7. Minimum clearances.

Pre-Inspection The Inspector should inspect the Contractors’ equipment to ensure that it will provide suﬃcient capabilities to allow the Dowel Bar Retrofit to be completed according to the project specifications.

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CHAPTER 5 adequate spacing for the Dowel Bar. The area should then be cleaned, disposing of all residues from the saw, jackhammer, and sand blasting process. If the inspector is not satisfied with the removal and cleanliness of the finished product, the contractor should be notified immediately to correct any problems. The contractor should then place caulking filler in the existing joint or crack to prevent intrusion of the patching material. The inspector should visually observe that the dowel bars have all been pre-coated with a bond-breaking compound. The foam core board on the dowel bar should be placed in line with the transverse joint or crack. The foam should fit tightly around the dowel bar and to the bottom and edges of the slot. The Inspector should check the dimensions of the Dowel along with the spacing of the proposed Dowel locations. If the spacing is insuďŹ&#x192;cient, the Contractor and Engineer should be notified immediately to resolve the issue.

Sampling and Testing The inspector should coordinate with the materials technician and verify if sampling and testing is needed.

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Common Issues 1. Dowels are not properly coated with epoxy. 2. Dowels are misaligned in the slots. 3. Grout material used is not approved. 4. Edges of slots are not vertical. 5. Slots are not filled properly. 6. Grout is too stiﬀ to achieve proper consolidation. 02754: DOWEL BAR RETROFIT

Submittal Items  Manufacturer information verifying patching material meets project speciﬁcation.  Mix with ¼" nominal maximum aggregate size. – Material must achieve a minimum compressive strength of 4,000 psi at 28 days. – Material must achieve minimum bond strength of 1,000 psi at 24 hours.  Sample of Caulking Filler.  Sample of End Caps.

Pre-Inspection Items  The    

Inspector should obtain the following from the standard drawings and plans: Locations, stations, and offsets. Width, depth, and length of cut. Dowel size and spacing. Minimum clearances.

Inspection Items  The           

inspector must verify that the contractor performs the following: Dowel Bar locations are set for the correct location, station, and offset. Dowel Bar cuts are made to the correct size to provide adequate spacing for the dowel bar. Dowel Bar cut is cleaned sufficiently. Dowel bar sizing is correct according to project specifications. Caulking filler has been placed in existing joint or crack to prevent intrusion of patching material. Non-metallic, tight fitting end caps have been placed on dowel bars. Bond breaking compound approved by the Engineer has been placed on the dowel bars. Chair device that has been coated is placed on the dowel bar to hold the dowel bar in place. Joint/Crack preservation material to maintain the existing joint or crack. Patching material must be placed. Bars properly positioned and patching material placed and cured in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.

Sampling and Testing Items  Sampling and testing should only be performed by a UDOT TTQP Concrete testing technician.  The patching material must achieve a minimum compressive strength of 4,000 psi at 28 days.  Material must achieve a minimum bond strength of 1,000 psi at 24 hours.

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CHAPTER 5

F) CONCRETE SLAB JACKING – SECTION 02755 Concrete slab jacking includes the pressurized injection of a product to raise and support a failed section of concrete pavement back to an acceptable grade for a suitable ride.

Submittals The following should be submitted to the Engineer prior to construction operations: 1. Portland Cement dry mix design. 2. High Density Polyurethane design specifications.

Pre-Inspection Items The equipment used for concrete slab jacking must be capable of supplying a homogenous product at the appropriate rate. Certified scales or measuring devices must be used to measure delivered product and to proportion product components. The contractors’ drill and saw must be capable of producing circular holes of adequate size for the application type. The elevation measuring devices must be capable of measuring elevations with an accuracy of ⁄ ". The contractor’s saw must be capable of cutting joints between failed and non-failed slabs. If any equipment does not meet the satisfaction of the Inspector, then the contractor and Engineer should be notified immediately to allow proper time for delivery of new equipment.

Inspection The inspector must visually observe that the contractor has established a finish target profile of pavement using an elevation measuring device or string lines. This will ensure that the slab is at the correct elevation and profile after slab jacking is finished. The contractor must saw-cut joints between failed and non-failed slabs to prevent damage to non-failed slabs. The contractor will then drill strategically located holes that

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will allow for the maximum eﬃciency during slab jacking operations. The drilled holes will then be injected with an Engineer approved product that will allow the slabs to be raised to the correct profile and grade. Products that may be used for slab jacking include the following: 1. High density polyurethane a. Water based formulation of expanding high-density polyurethane for raising slabs that set to full compressive strength within 15 minutes after injection. 2. Portland Cement Dry Mix Design a. Standard mix design for jacking and grouting slabs with voids less than 30” as follows: b. Use optional mix design for jacking and grouting slabs with voids greater than 30” as follows: c. Obtain Engineer’s approval for any deviation from dry mix proportions of mix design including addition of liquefier or water reducing agents. d. Adjust water content to meet local conditions. Once the slab jacking operations are complete the drilled holes must be filled with at least 4” of non-shrink grout.

Sampling and Testing The inspector should coordinate with the materials technician and verify if sampling and testing is needed.

Common Issues 1. Jacking material used is not approved 2. Slabs are not raised to proper elevation 3. Grinding is not performed properly 02755: CONCRETE SLAB JACKING  Approved injection method, saw cutting if necessary.  Final grade to within 1/8".

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G) STRUCTURAL CONCRETE - LIGHTWEIGHT – SECTION 03314 Lightweight structural concrete is typically used in bridge or other applications where the weight of the concrete can be a problem for the structure supporting it. Structural Concrete Lightweight will exhibit the same properties and characteristics as structural concrete with the exception of weight. Lightweight concrete is limited to 120 lbs/ft³, whereas normal PCC is approximately 140lbs/ft³ to 150lbs/ft³. Lightweight concrete is used in applications to reduce the weight, thus allowing to reduce the design size.

Submittals The following should be submitted to the Engineer prior to the beginning of construction: 1. Furnish to the Resident Engineer and Region Materials Engineer a mix design based on the recommendations of the lightweight aggregate manufacturer for each combination of materials to be used. a. Mix designs will be approved based on results of trial batches or on history from UDOT projects within the last year. b. Use the same components in the trial batches that are to be used in the project. i) Accelerators and site-added air-entrainment can be incorporated in the trial batch but are not required. ii) Assume responsibility for the compatibility of all admixtures with the mix design and their potential eﬀects on concrete properties. c. List the weight and absolute volume for each component to be used. d. Provide certified test reports showing the unit weight of fresh concrete that will result in the air-dry unit weight specified. e. Personnel performing and witnessing trial batches, and performing compressive and flexural strength testing, must be UDOT TTQP Concrete and Concrete Strength Testing qualified. f. The Department or its representative may witness the trial batch. g. Mix concrete trial batches as specified in UDOT Materials Manual of Instruction Part 8-974: Guidelines for Portland Cement Concrete Mix Design. h. Compressive and flexural strength testing for verification of trial batches will be performed by an AASHTO accredited laboratory, approved through the UDOT Laboratory Qualification Program. 2. Provide test results verifying the coarse and fine aggregate used meets this Section, article 2.3.

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3. Provide test results for potential reactivity of fine aggregates in accordance with the requirements of the UDOT Quality Management Plan for Ready-Mix Concrete for any proposed mix design. 4. Provide results from appropriate testing to determine the ability of the combinations of cementitious materials and aggregates to control the reactivity when using potentially reactive aggregates in a mix design. 5. Submit verification that cement used is from a pre-qualified supplier. See Section 03055. 6. Submit verification that fly ash or other pozzolan used is from a pre-qualified supplier. See Section 03055. 7. Submit verification that the batch plant meets the requirements of the UDOT Quality Management Plan for Ready-Mix Concrete. 8. Submit cold and hot weather plans as required in Section 03055.

Pre-Inspection The inspector must verify that all submittals have been submitted and approved. The inspector can verify this through the Engineer, the Materials Technician, and UDOTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Materials website. The inspector should verify with the Materials Technician that all UDOT MS&T requirements for the aggregate stockpiles are being met (This is an ongoing process throughout the paving process). The inspector should obtain a copy of the approved mix design for the project. The inspector should review the project specifications for UDOTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s MS&T requirements. The inspector must verify that the grade and profile is correct according to the project plans and that all UDOT MS&T requirements for the underlying surface have been met. This can be verified through the Engineer or the Materials Technician. This may require using a string line or measuring device to ensure proper depth or thickness is met. The inspector must verify that the contractor is using a line and grade control system that limits deviations in the pavement surface. The inspector should obtain a copy of the Engineer approved reinforcing steel, joint detailing, and dowel placement plan. The inspector should verify that the dowel bar cages have been laid out properly and the bars are in good condition. The inspector should verify that the contractor has provided a testing platform and cylinder storage device within 250' of the batch plant that meets project specifications or has arranged for optional on grade facilities if the platform is not being used. Prior to any paving operations or during the initial load the inspector must ensure that all equipment at the paving site is checked for compliance with specifications. At a minimum, the inspector must observe and note the following: Page | 100

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CHAPTER 5 Conventional Paving Machines 1. Vehicles for hauling are approved as per project specifications and ensure that the haul beds are clean. 2. Dowel bar inserters have been calibrated and set up for proper placement. 3. Vibrators are working satisfactory to project specifications. 4. Slip Form and Screed should be clean and free of hardened concrete and in working condition. 5. Texturing and curing equipment should be in proper working condition and meet project specifications. 6. During night operations the contractor must provide proper lighting equipment. Hand Paving Applications 1. Vibrators. 2. Forms. 3. Texturing and curing equipment should be in proper working condition and meet project specifications. If any adjustments need to be made, the contractor should be notified immediately. The inspector must obtain a copy of the Engineer approved contractorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cold/warm weather plan, concrete curing plan, and finishing texture plan.

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contractor immediately to correct the batching operation. Additional testing must be performed if any changes have been made to the batching operations to verify that the concrete meets project specifications. The inspector should verify that the reinforcing steel and dowel bars are being placed and secured as per project specifications. The inspector should visually observe that the concrete is being placed in a manner that evenly distributes the concrete throughout the width of the paver so as not to overload the paver resulting in an uneven grade or profile. Segregation in the concrete can also occur by not distributing the concrete evenly across the paver. If the paver is not maintaining an even distribution of concrete the contractor should be notified immediately to correct the situation. The inspector should visually observe that the automatic finish tools on the paving machine are working properly and that the hand finishing is done in a timely manner without overworking the surface. The inspector should also inspect the edges to ensure that the edges are not sagging due to overworking or excessive slump. If any edge slumping is observed then the contractor should be notified immediately to determine if the concrete batching should be corrected or finishing of the concrete should be adjusted in order to maintain correct edge profiles. The inspector should visually observe that the curing operation is being completed in a manner that provides at least 95% coverage over the total mat area. If this is not being accomplished the contractor should be notified and the paving operation should be shut down to allow for curing procedures to be corrected. The inspector should visually observe that texturing operations are being performed as per project specifications. The inspector should verify that the texturing operation is being performed in a timely manner so as to ensure that proper texturing depth is obtained. If the texturing operations do not meet project specifications the contractor should be notified to correct the timing and procedures of the texturing operations. The inspector should visually observe that all saw cutting take place in a timely manner and as per project specifications for type of cut, depth, etc. The saw cutting process should be done in the correct timing sequence. Saw cutting should take place after the concrete has set up to relieve stress to prevent uncontrolled cracking, If the saw cutting process cannot maintain timing with the paving operation then every other joint may be skipped in order to minimize major stresses throughout the length of pavement. The skipped joints must be cut as soon as the saw cutting operations have caught up to paving operations. The contractor should be notified to adjust paving operations to allow for the correct timing of saw cutting to be performed. Page | 102

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CHAPTER 5 The inspector must verify that after the saw cut has been completed the joint should be thoroughly cleaned of all debris and cement powder.. The contractor should clean and dry all joints before the joint is sealed. The contractor should clean the joint with a minimum of 100 psi of air pressure. The air compressor used should be equipped with operating oil and water traps. The joint should be filled flush with the project approved joint sealant. The concrete mat should not have any equipment or traďŹ&#x192;c prior to the joints being sealed. The inspector should verify that the contractor is maintaining their cold/hot weather plans for the protection of the concrete mat and that no traďŹ&#x192;c has been allowed on the concrete mat prior to verification by strength testing that strength has been met. This can be verified through the Materials Technician and Engineer.

Sampling & Testing During paving operations, the inspector must coordinate with the materials technician to perform sampling of fresh PCCP samples according to the UDOT MS&T requirements. Samples are to be collected and documented by a UDOT TTQP qualified concrete technician and should be based on random number calculations. The inspector must document the qualifications of the technician performing the sampling. Deviations from either of these manuals must be documented by the inspector. The inspector should verify that the following MS&T requirements have been met: 1. Stockpile Gradations. 2. Slump, Air Content, and Concrete Temperature. 3. Air content Correlation testing to determine loss of entrained air form the platform to the finished in-place pavement. 4. Compressive Strength Test. 5. Thickness.

Common Issues 1. Stockpile gradations that are out of specification. 2. Paving without an approved mix design. 3. Failure to apply proper curing compound.

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03314: STRUCTURAL CONCRETE - LIGHWEIGHT

Pre-Paving Items  Verify that the grade and profile are correct according to project plans.  Verify that all UDOT MS&T requirements have been met on the underlying surface and aggregate stockpiles.  Obtain a copy of the Engineer approved reinforcing steel, joint detailing, and dowel placement plan. The inspector should verify that the dowel bar cages have been laid out and properly, and the bars are in the good condition.  Verify the contractor has provided a testing platform within 250' of the batch plant that meets project specifications or has arranged for optional on grade facilities if the platform is not being used.  Inspector must ensure that all equipment at the paving site is checked for compliance with specifications.  Obtain a copy of the Engineer approved contractor’s cold/warm weather plan, concrete curing plan and finishing texture plan.

Observation of Paving Items  Verify the contractor is keeping the base course or existing surface moist at least 500' in front of the paving machine. Areas of standing water should be avoided.  Verify the contractor is maintaining their grade stakes on the underlying surface for grade control of the paving operation to ensure that proper concrete thickness is met.  Verify with the concrete testing technician that the batches of concrete are within project specifications for slump, air content, and temperature prior to the concrete being placed at the paver.  Verify that the correlation testing between the platform and the in-place testing are being performed and that the concrete is still within project specifications behind the paver.  Verify that the reinforcing steel and dowel bars are being placed and secured as per project specifications.

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CHAPTER 5 03314: STRUCTURAL CONCRETE - LIGHWEIGHT (Continued)

Observation of Paving Items (Continued)  Visually observe that the concrete is being placed in a manner that evenly distributes the concrete throughout the width of the paver so as not to overload the paver resulting in an uneven grade or profile.  Visually observe that the automatic finish tools on the paving machine are working properly and that the hand finishing is done in a timely manner without overworking the surface.  Inspect the edges to ensure that the edges are not sagging due to overworking or excessive slump.  Visually observe that the curing operation is being completed in a manner that provides at least 95% coverage over the total mat area.  Visually observe that texturing operations are being performed as per project specifications. The inspector should verify that texturing operations are being performed in a timely manner so as to ensure that the proper texturing depth is obtained.  Visually observe that all saw cutting take place in a timely manner and as per project specifications for type of cut, depth, etc.  Verify that after the saw cut has been completed the joint is thoroughly cleaned of all debris and cement powder.  Verify the contractor has filled the joint flush with the project approved joint sealant. The concrete mat should not have any equipment or traffic prior to the joints being sealed.  Verify the contractor is maintaining their cold/hot weather plans for the protection of the concrete mat and that no traffic has been allowed on the concrete mat prior to verification by strength testing that strength has been met.

Sampling and Testing Items  Coordinate with the materials technician to perform sampling of fresh PCCP samples according to the UDOT MS&T requirements. This can be done at the platform or another approved on-site testing facility.  Qualiﬁcations of sampling technicians.  Sieve Analysis (sampling occurs at the batch plant).  Slump, Air Content, Concrete Temperature, Strength Testing (sampling occurs at the batch plant or approved on-site facility).  Correlation testing for Air Content between platform or approved on-site facility and behind the paver.  Concrete Thickness.  Density testing as per speciﬁcations.

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5.5 PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS – SECTION 01452 Pavement smoothness verification consists of Contractor testing using a California type profiler, certified and approved by UDOT. Both operators and equipment must be certified through the Department. The profilograph must be calibrated and certified at least once every year. The operator must complete a qualification training course and be certified once every three years. The Engineer must verify all certifications. Traﬃc Control Plan’s must be in place and meet project specifications while performing profile test.

Submittal Requirements 1. Certifications of all operators and equipment

Pre-Inspection The contractor shall finish the surface to meet project specifications. The contractor must identify any defects exceeding project specifications and conduct corrective action before acceptance testing is performed. Corrective actions may consist of either grinding or filling high or low spots. Transverse defects where the surface varies more than / ” (or according to project specifications) from the lower edge of a 10' straightedge placed perpendicular to the centerline of the roadway must be corrected. Grinding or filling operations must be approved or directed by the Engineer.

Inspection Prior to inspection the inspector must check that the specified Traffic Control Plan is in place to provide sufficient safety throughout the inspection. If proper traffic control is not in place then acceptance testing should not begin and the contractor should be notified immediately. The contractor must notify the Engineer in writing after all corrective actions have been taken at least two days prior to scheduling the Department inspection for acceptance testing on the final pavement surface. The areas to be tested for acceptance must be clearly defined with written notification. The contractor should not perform any work on the final surface after any acceptance testing has taken place, except as directed by the Engineer. The Department shall evaluate the surface by section for purposes of determining incentive/disincentives. Class 1 Surface Testing: Testing should consist of a single trace measurement of each wheel path, defined as 2.5’ inside the center line or median line. Acceptance testing for adjacent shoulders wider than 6’ shall consist of a single trace measurement at the center of the Page | 106

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CHAPTER 5 shoulder. The Profile Index (PI) will be calculated from the averages of all profile traces taken. Deviations such as manholes, valves, and other utilities in the profile trace should only be included when the contract requires the adjustment or reconstruction of these utilities. Deviations from utilities should be ignored if the contract does not include the adjustment or reconstruction of these utilities.

Common Issues 1. Use of uncertified operator or equipment 2. Multiple runs of the equipment used to find the “best one” 3. Pulling equipment fast or with motorized vehicles will impact the results. 01452: PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS  Certified grinding / profiling operation.  Grinds are flushed (HMA, SMA, OGSC).  Profilograph reports.

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Construction Inspection Guide Chapter Links

1-Preface & Introduction

2-Traffic Control

3-Demolition and Earthwork

4-Drainage

5-Pavement & Materials

6-Structures

7-Traffic Signals, Lighting, ATMS

8-Striping, Signing, Safety Features

9-Landscaping, Fencing, Incidental Const.

10-Utilities

11-PDBS

12-Crash Cushion & Barrier End Treatments

Construction Inspection Guide

udot.utah.gov/go/construction