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Real Health Through Functional Medicine The Greatest Gift This Season! By Dr. Greg Fors, DC Board-certified Chiropractic Neurologist

FLC syndrome, many Americans today are plagued by a puzzling complex disorder known as. This presents with symptoms of chronic pain and fatigue, brain fog, insomnia and the general feeling of being run down. A chronic and even disabling condition that conventional medicine seems to have no answer for. What is this mysterious disorder FLC Syndrome? (FLC=feel like crap) Worse yet, today one out of two Americans suffers from a chronic illness such as heart disease, diabetes, autoimmune disease, arthritis, digestive disorders, hormonal imbalances, migraines, allergies, asthma or depression. Looking For Help In All the Wrong Places: Frustration comes when you seek out professional help to find a way to better health. Say you go to your conventional doctor complaining of fatigue, pain, digestive issues and chronic sinus headaches. You are tired of just being put on one drug after another and you are looking for something else. And yet you go to a conventional doctor whose primary training is in drug therapy. How can you expect anything but more drugs? To make things worse your doctor ends up referring you on to an ENT, gastroenterologist and a neurologist for your various symptoms. The problem here is there is no one to connect the dots to see how your symptoms are all interrelated to underlying metabolic and nutritional issues. Just listen to Ashley’s story on our clinic Home page at painandbrainhealingcenter. com. Our present disease care system is more interested in giving a name to your symptoms in fancy Latin and then providing you with drugs to suppress these symptoms. This way of thinking about health is completely wrongheaded. Functional Medicine is an entirely different approach, focusing on finding the causes, not treating the symptoms. Look To Functional Medicine: If you want to give yourself or someone you love the greatest gift this season, give them back their health! If you’re looking to be treated and understood as a whole person, if you want to get to the root cause, then you are looking for a doctor who trained in Functional Medicine. Simply put, Functional Medicine is a science optimizing your function and not just managing disease. In FLC and other chronic disorders there are underlying metabolic issues such as systemic inflammation, free radical damage and insulin resistance that then shows up in different tissues as different symptoms. For example, in the muscles it may show up as painful tight muscle knots and headaches, in the skin a rash and in the brain, this can manifest as brain fog and mood dysregulation. Taking a drug to suppress the symptoms leaves the underlying damaging metabolic issues, such as systemic inflammation and free radical damage, to continue to destroy your health. Let’s say, you go to the doctor complaining of muscle pain, weight gain, constipation and diarrhea, fatigue, poor sleep and feeling down because of your lack of vitality. A very common list of complaints I see every day in my office. Your conventional doctor then diagnoses you as suffering from depression, IBS and fibromyalgia syndrome. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia is just Latin for what you told the doctor in the first place, my “muscles and tissues hurt”. Furthermore, depression is not the cause of your symptoms, medically it is just the name we give to a collection of symptoms. What’s more, fibromyalgia and depression are not a Cymbalta or Lyrica deficiency, and these drugs will do nothing to fix the underlying actual causes of your health issues. Why do we keep going into these conventionally trained doctors who do not hold any answers for the real underlying health problems we suffer from? Possibly it’s habit or it’s the doctor my insurance company pays for. Insanity has been defined as doing the same thing over and over again expecting a different result. You do not have to go on suffering, your body/mind is a selforganizing self-healing system that can return to health. Do not wait for the world to have an epiphany, make your own. Taking a functional approach to your FLC syndrome (feel like crap) is the beginning to a better 2020 and a better you. If you want more information, please see the articles and available videos at my website: painandbrainhealingcenter.com. AND, call me by December 18 at 763-862-7100 for a FREE Functional Medicine assessment. Dr. Greg Fors, D.C. is a Board-certified Neurologist (IBCN), certified in Applied Herbal Sciences (NWHSU) and acupuncture. As the clinic director of the Pain and Brain Healing Center in Blaine Minnesota he specializes in a Functional Medicine approach to fibromyalgia, fatigue, food allergies, hypothyroidism, depression, anxiety and digestive issues. If you have any questions or comments regarding this article you can contact Dr. Fors at 763-862-7100. Dr. Fors is the author of the highly acclaimed book, “Why We Hurt” available through booksellers everywhere.

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► On Nov. 28, 1520, after sailing for weeks through the dangerous straits below South America that now bear his name, Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan enters the Pacific Ocean with three ships, becoming the first European explorer to reach the Pacific from the Atlantic.

Richard Byrd and three companions make the first flight over the South Pole, flying from their base on the Ross Ice Shelf to the pole and back in 18 hours and 41 minutes. Byrd learned how to fly in the U.S. Navy and served as a pilot in World War I.

► On Dec. 7, 1805, explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, having made a difficult trip across the rugged Rockies, set up winter camp near the mouth of the Columbia River. They named it Fort Clatsop, after the local Indian tribe.

► On Nov. 30, 1939, the Soviet Red Army invades the tiny nation of Finland with 465,000 men and 1,000 aircraft. Helsinki was bombed, and 61 Finns were killed in an air raid, sparking fierce Finnish resistance.

► On Dec. 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, officially ending the institution of slavery, is ratified when Georgia votes to ratify. Mississippi, however, would not submit documentation to abolish slavery until 2013.

► On Dec. 3, 1979, 11 people are killed when a crowd of general admission ticket-holders to a Who concert surge forward in an attempt to enter Cincinnati’s Riverfront Coliseum and secure prime unreserved seats. The glass entrance doors shattered as the 8,000strong crowd pushed forward.

► On Dec. 5, 1945, five U.S. Navy Avenger torpedo-bombers take off from Florida on a routine three-hour training mission near the Bahamas. Two hours later, the planes disappeared. Mariner aircraft, sent to locate the planes, also disappeared. No trace of the men or aircraft were ever found.

► On Dec. 8, 1980, John Lennon, a former member of the Beatles, is shot and killed by Mark David Chapman, an obsessed fan, in New York City. Chapman was sentenced to 20 years to life, and he remains behind bars at Attica Prison in New York.

► On Dec. 1, 1959, 12 nations sign the Antarctica Treaty, which bans military activity and weapons testing on that ► On Nov. 27, 1703, an unusual storm continent. It was the first arms-control system finally dissipates over England agreement signed during the Cold War. after wreaking havoc for nearly two weeks. Featuring hurricane-force winds, ► On Dec. 4, 1783, George Washington, the storm killed between 10,000 and commanding general of the Continental 30,000 people. Hundreds of Royal Army, informs his officers that he will be Navyships and their crews were lost to resigning his commission and returning the storm. to civilian life. In 1789, he was coaxed out of retirement and elected as the first ► On Nov. 29, 1929, American explorer president of the United States.

unbecoming a senator. The censure was related to McCarthy’s controversial investigation of suspected communists in the U.S. government, military and civilian society.

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CHICKENS (cont’d)

• In 1923, Celia Steele of Oceanview, Maryland, ordered her usual 50 chicks so she could continue her business of selling eggs on the side while her husband served in the coast guard. She was shocked to receive an order of 500 chicks instead, but rather than return them, she built bigger chicken coops, raised the birds, and started selling chicken meat instead of just eggs. She turned such a profit that she doubled the order the following year, ordering 1,000 chicks, and followed that with an order of 10,000 chicks the year after that. • In 1926, her husband Wilmer quit his job at the coast guard because raising chickens was more profitable, and by 1928, they were raising 25,000 chickens every year. Celia Steele ended up inventing the mass-production of chickens as a primary food source, rather than just as a source of eggs. • As more people in Delaware began raising chickens, their numbers boomed, rising from 50,000 birds in 1925 to over a million just one year later, and 7

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million by 1934. By 1936, two-thirds of all chickens raised in the U.S. came from the Delaware area. As a result, chicken consumption began to skyrocket. Not everyone could raise cows or pigs, but chickens were easy to raise. Chicken coops sprouted up in backyards across America alongside Victory Gardens during World War II. The number of chickens in the U.S. grew by 250% over the course of the war. • In the 1930s it was discovered that feeding chickens vitamin B12 would prevent them from suffering pernicious anemia, the same illness that contributed to the deaths of Alexander Graham Bell and Annie Oakley, which is caused a vitamin deficiency. It used to be difficult to keep a flock of chickens alive throughout the winter because the lack of exposure to sunlight and subsequent lack of vitamin D caused rickets in the chickens who then became lame. When the role of vitamins was finally understood, it was easy for chicken ranchers to add cod liver oil – a rich source of vitamin D – to the diet of chickens, thus keeping them healthy all year long. • Then it was found that feeding chickens antibiotics helped them grow bigger much faster. Next, mass production of corn and soybeans as feed maximized their growth. Consumption of chicken increased vastly during World War II due to the rationing of pork and beef. By the

end of World War II, there was indeed “a chicken in every pot.” • In 2015, almost 60 million tons of chicken meat was consumed worldwide. • It takes 7 pounds (3 kg) of feed for a cow to put on a pound (.45 kg) of beef, but a chicken turns 12 pounds of food into 6 pounds of chicken meat in just seven weeks. If a human grew that fast, a 6.6 pound (3 kg) baby would hit 660 pounds (300 kg) in two months. In the wild, a chicken takes six months to grow to its full weight of about 5 pounds. In factories, they reach their full weight in just five weeks. • A chicken produces about 11 lbs. (5 kg) of manure over the course of its 7-week life, which adds up to about 95 billion pounds of waste each year produced by the chicken industry. • Adjusted for inflation, the price of a pound of chicken has gone up only four cents a pound over the past 50 years. • Today, a typical independent chicken farmer produces almost half a million broilers per year, yet it’s estimated that two-thirds of people who raise chickens for a living live below the poverty line. • The difference between white meat and dark meat is the amount of myoglobin in the tissue, a protein used to deliver oxygen to muscles. The more a muscle is used, the more myoglobin it has and the darker the meat. • Chickens in cages are sometimes set out in cages in public parks in order to be bitten by mosquitoes so that their blood can be tested for West Nile virus. • All birds descended from dinosaurs, but genetically speaking, chickens and turkeys are their closest relatives. CHICKENS & VACCINES • Louis Pasteur was working to cure fowl cholera, an avian disease that killed about 25% of the chickens in France. He started with the head of a chicken that had died from the disease,

culturing strains of the pathogen from it, using it to infect other birds, then collecting cultures from those birds so he always had a ready supply of the disease at hand. • In 1879, Pasteur took a break, leaving the cholera-infected chicken heads lying on shelves in his lab, exposed to sunlight and air. When he returned months later, he tried to take cultures from the dried-out heads of dead chickens, but was disappointed to find that the healthy live chickens he tried to infect with cholera would get sick, but wouldn’t die. He had to go out and find freshly dead chickens who had recently been killed by cholera – and then he was even more perplexed when the same group of chickens who had previously refused to die of cholera would fail to even get sick when infected with a fresh virulent strain of the disease. From this discovery, the first vaccines were developed.

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• Around 50,000 years ago, a giant meteorite struck the Earth in what is now northern Arizona near Flagstaff. Made of iron and nickel, it weighed perhaps as much By: Janet Spencer as 300,000 tons, and was travelling at around 26,000 mph when it slammed into the planet. It exploded with the force of 20 million tons of TNT, equal to 150 times the force of the atomic bomb that leveled Hiroshima. The crater it left measures three-quarters of a mile (1 km) wide, 2.4 miles (3.8 km) in circumference, and 750 feet (229 m) deep. • In the late 1800s, geologists theorized that the crater had been formed by an underground steam explosion of a volcano. • Daniel Barringer studied law at Princeton and the University of Pennsylvania, and then studied geology and mineralogy at Harvard and the University of Virginia. He used his knowledge of geology to purchase a gold mine in Arizona, followed by the purchase of a nearby silver mine. These mines made him a wealthy man. • In 1902, Barringer learned about the meteor crater. Recently, another geologist had noted the vast amounts of pulverized iron surrounding the crater and put forth the theory that the hole had not, in fact, been caused by a volcanic explosion, but had instead been formed by an iron-rich meteor impacting the earth. This theory was first dismissed in the scientific community, but Barringer found it plausible. Barringer reasoned that the bulk of the meteor must be underground, beneath the crater. Since he had made one fortune on gold, and a second fortune on silver, he decided to make a third fortune on iron. Before he’d even seen the site, he formed the Standard Iron Company, and purchased the entire crater and the area around it. • In 1902, the newly formed firm began drilling operations in the base of the crater. Barringer spent 27 years trying to locate a large deposit of meteoric iron, and drilled to a depth of 1,375 ft (419 m) but found no significant deposit. The process bankrupted him, but his efforts were instrumental in proving that the crater had indeed been formed by a meteor impact rather than a volcanic explosion. His research further proved that if a meteor hits the surface of the Earth at an angle, rather than dropping straight down as had previously been assumed, it will still form a perfectly circular crater. • In 1929, astronomer Forest Ray Moulton performed calculations on the energy expended by the meteorite on impact, reaching a well-researched conclusion that the meteorite had most likely entirely vaporized when it landed. He theorized that the massive ball of iron that Barringer had been searching for did not exist. His report contained 127 pages of reasoning and mathematical analysis that could not be denied. • Daniel Barringer died of a heart attack shortly after reading this paper, dying at the age of 69. He left behind his wife and eight children, who were by now nearly destitute. Yet, they still owned the meteor crater and all of the property surrounding it. • They set up a visitor center and began offering tours. They opened a museum and created a gift shop, made interpretive trails, then added a campground, theater, café, and rock shop. Today you can visit Barringer’s Meteor Crater near Flagstaff and learn all about how meteors vaporize when they hit the surface of the Earth. • Today, a crater on the Moon is named for Barringer, in honor of his efforts that proved that a big hole in Arizona was caused by a meteor rather than a volcano.

REMARKABLE PEOPLE

DANIEL BARRINGER

"The Creative Mind" What is creativity? Where does it come from? The workings of the creative mind have been subjected to intense scrutiny over the past 25 years by an army of researchers in psychology, sociology, anthropology and neuroscience. Many people believe creativity comes in a sudden moment of insight and that this "magical" burst of an idea is a different mental process from our everyday thinking. But extensive research has shown that when you're creative, your brain is using the same mental building blocks you use every day—like when you figure out a way around a traffic jam. How do you explain the "aha!" moment we've all had in the shower or the gym—or anywhere but at work? Refer to the three Bs—for the bathtub, the bed and the bus—places where ideas have famously and suddenly emerged. When we take time off from working on a problem, we change what we're doing and our context. That break can activate different areas of our brain. If the answer wasn't in the part of the brain we were using, it might be in another. If we're lucky, in the next context we may hear or see something that relates—distantly—to the problem that we had temporarily put aside. Here's an example: In 1990 a team of NASA scientists was trying to fix the distorted lenses in the Hubble telescope, which was already in orbit. An expert in optics suggested that tiny inversely distorted mirrors could correct the images, but nobody could figure out how to fit them into the hard-to-reach space inside. Then engineer Jim Crocker, taking a shower in a German hotel, noticed the European-style showerhead mounted on adjustable rods. He realized the Hubble's little mirrors could be extended into the telescope by mounting them on similar folding arms. And this flash was the key to fixing the problem. Creative people have tons of ideas, many of them bad. The trick is to evaluate them and mercilessly purge the bad ones. But even bad ideas can be useful. Take risks, and expect to make lots of mistakes, because creativity is a numbers game. Work hard, and take frequent breaks, but stay with it over time. Do what you love, because creative breakthroughs take years of hard work. Develop a network of colleagues, and schedule time for freewheeling, unstructured discussions. Most of all, forget those romantic myths that creativity is all about being artsy and gifted and not about hard work. They discourage us because we're waiting for that one full-blown moment of inspiration. And while we're waiting, we may never start working on what we might someday create.

Christmas Games Old and New By Lucie Winborne The shopping and wrapping are done, the tree is decked out with lights and tinsel. You’ve hung the holly and you’ve frosted the cookies, and now you’re ... a bit tired of watching the same old Christmas movies and hearing the same carols on the radio. How about taking a leaf from our ancestors’ book and gathering the family and friends for some Christmas-themed games instead? Snapdragon From the 16th century onward, a good Christmas Eve party quite likely included a boisterous game of “Snapdragon.” The premise, as zany as it is simple, called for pouring a couple dozen raisins in the bottom of a shallow bowl, followed by a bottle of brandy. With lights dimmed and brandy ignited, participants took turns trying to snag a raisin, and, if successful, extinguish it by eating it. (Note: We take no responsibility for any burns sustained while imitating this at your house!) Shadows Those of a bit less daring nature might have enjoyed a game of “Shadows,” in which an individual sat in front of a white tablecloth or sheet hung in a darkened room, with a lamp behind it. The rest of the party then took turns passing in front of the lamp, so the viewer could guess their identities by their shadows. To make things more challenging, participants

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maneuvered their bodies or clothing however possible, though if the guesser correctly identified them, they were subject to a forfeit or taking the guesser’s place. Questions and Commands A precursor to today’s “Truth or Dare.” Failure to follow a command, or answer a question, would either cost you a fine or get your face blackened with fireplace soot! The Messenger Reminiscent of “Simon Says,” this parlor game involved one player entering the room and addressing another with “My master sends me to you, madam” (or sir). At the response of “What for?” the messenger would perform a simple but silly action for the responder to repeat, with each guest doing so in turn until everyone in the room was in motion, after which the messenger would exit and reenter the room with a new command. Stop moving too soon, and you’d pay a forfeit. Blindfold Christmas Drawing Back in the 21st century, try tapping into your artistic side with “Blindfold Christmas Drawing.” Grab some markers and paper plates, then have one player describe a Christmas scene while everyone else -- blindfolded, of course! -- tries to render it on their plate. The most accurate drawing wins. Pin the Nose on Rudolph Little ones especially will enjoy “Pin the Nose on Rudolph,” or “Find Santa’s Friends,” in which toy elves and reindeer are hidden around the house like Easter eggs. And for the older fry, a holiday version of “Two Truths and a Lie” can generate a lot of ingenuity and laughs by asking players to name three Christmas gifts, only two of which they actually received at some point, with the rest of the group trying to guess which one’s a fake. The fun is limited only by your imagination. Happy holiday gaming!

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ELK RIVER

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Whistleblower Act Doesn’t Work

have handled. It was supposed to refer criminal cases to the Office of the Inspector General, but did so only 38 times. -- It didn’t provide clear written guidance or training for personnel. More than a year after it started, the OAWP still didn’t have a way of identifying errors and ensuring that the work was not biased. Additionally, it didn’t get all the facts, including witness statements, in each case. One case was investigated in a way that was likely intentionally retaliatory against the whistleblower by a supervisor who was apparently a social pal of someone high up in OAWP. The whistleblower (and others) had previously complained about the supervisor. The whistleblower was never even interviewed, and the others were hesitant to report allegations because of the social ties of the two senior staff. -- Many cases took over a year to close. Discipline or penalties were random and subjective. Evidence was withheld. In cases of whistleblower retaliation, the whistleblower was forced to agree to having his/her identity revealed. Wow! Where is the incentive for those who want to do the right thing to come forward?

The Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017 was designed to hold employees accountable, investigate allegations and protect whistleblowers from retaliation, including from supervisors, at the Department of Veterans Affairs. It isn’t working. The VA’s Office of the Inspector General investigated complaints from June 2017 until August 2019. The OIG discovered that: -The Office of Accountability and Whistleblower Protection (OWAP) often farmed out investigations instead of handling them in-house. In 2,526 cases it sent investigations to other departments that weren’t equipped to handle them. -- It failed to protect whistleblowers’ identities, which resulted in 51 cases of whistleblower retaliation. -- OAWP butted in with investigations into areas that weren’t within its scope and (c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc. ignored some of those it should

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SENIOR NEWS LINE By Matilda Charles

Study: Owning a Dog Can be Good for Us

Did you adopt a dog during Adopt-A-Shelter-Dog Month in October? There’s some good news if you did. The Mayo Clinic has published a report of a large study (Kardiovize Brno 2030) showing why it’s to our benefit to own a pet. When we own a pet, especially a dog, we have healthier hearts and a better diet. We get more physical exercise, and we see blood-sugar levels that are more normal. Pets reduce our level of stress and help us stick to routines. Dogs help us fight isolation and loneliness by providing social interaction when we go out. Owning a pet can lower our blood pressure, and we’re less likely to have diabetes.

However, despite the positives of owning a pet, there are concerns (and some solutions to them) to consider before we adopt: * Can you afford the food and veterinary care a dog requires? Ask the local food bank if it provides pet food. Look for a vet who offers senior discounts. Keep an eye out for annual vaccination clinics for low-cost immunizations. * If a shelter dog has behavioral issues because of previous experiences, do you have enough patience to handle the necessary training? Inquire at the local pet store about training classes for any dog you adopt. * Can you afford the initial shelter fees for an exam and spay or neuter, as well as the adoption fee? There’s an organization called Pets for the Elderly (petsfortheelderly.org) in 37 states that will help seniors over age 60 to cover the costs of adoption. * Are you able to walk enough to give a dog the amount of exercise it needs? Talk to a neighbor. You might find one that will be quite happy to walk the dog when you can’t. (c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Page 5

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TIDBITS VISITS PEARL HARBOR By: Kathy Wolfe With the 78th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor approaching, Tidbits takes the time to honor this Oahu locatio • Inhabited by Polynesians for centuries, Pearl Harbor was once rich with an abundant supply of pearls. Westerners first visited the island in 1778, when British Captain James Cook sailed past the island of Oahu. Unable to enter Pearl Harbor because of coral at its shallow entrance, Cook landed on Kauai two days later. He named the group of islands the Sandwich Islands to honor one of his patrons, John Montague, the Earl of Sandwich. • Pearl Harbor was acquired by the United States from the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1875. The Kingdom signed a treaty with the U.S., relinquishing control of the harbor in exchange for being allowed to export raw sugar to the U.S. duty free. In 1898, five years after the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown, Hawaii became a territory of the United States. • In 1902, the coral was blasted away, and large vessels could then navigate into the harbor. It was further enlarged and dredged in 1908 in preparation for the establishment of the Pearl Harbor U.S. Naval Shipyard. • In the late 1930s, relations between the U.S. and Japan were strained, due to Japan’s increased aggression toward China. Japan’s economic problems led to efforts to expand into China and take over that country’s import market. In 1937, Japan initiated the Nanjing massacre, murdering tens of thousands

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of Chinese civilians. In 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the U.S. Pacific Fleet to move from San Diego to Pearl Harbor, as well as increasing military personnel in the Philippines, hoping to inhibit Japanese aggression. • FDR also ordered a termination of oil exports to Japan in July, 1941, after Japan had seized French Indochina. Japan then made plans to overpower the Dutch East Indies, because of their rich oil supplies. When Japan was warned by the U.S. to withdraw from China and cease attacking neighboring countries, the Japanese initiated tactics to prevent the U.S. Pacific Fleet from getting in the way of their military conquests. • The plan to attack Pearl Harbor was devised by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who commanded the Imperial Japanese Navy combined fleets. Yamamoto had studied at Harvard University from 1919 to 1921, and had served as a naval attaché in Washington, D.C. Between his duties there and a large amount of travel throughout the U.S., Yamomoto learned English, as well as obtaining a firm grasp on American customs and business. His plan was to destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet, thus preventing the Americans from fighting back as the Japanese military spread out over the South Pacific. • Although American code-breakers had figured out that the Japanese were planning some type of attack, they had not determined the target. The Philippines seemed likely to them. • On a quiet Sunday morning, just before 8:00, under the command of Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, the first wave of 183 fighter planes launched from six aircraft carriers began a surprise attack on the American airfields, completely destroying 188 U.S. aircraft and damaging another 159. The second wave of 170

bombers set their sights on the U.S. Navy battleships. • Eight battleships were moored in Battleship Row. The U.S.S. Arizona was struck with an armor-piercing bomb that entered the forward ammunition compartment, tearing the ship in half and sinking it within minutes. There were 1,512 crewmen on board, of whom 1,177 were killed. • Two ships, the USS California and the USS West Virginia were torpedoed and came to rest on the Harbor’s bottom, but due to the shallow waters, which saved them from sinking to the bottom of the Pacific, the main decks were above water. The bottoms of the battleships were just feet away from the seabed, which meant that none of the ships disappeared below the surface. However, 206 lives were lost on these two ships. The ships were repaired and made seaworthy again by 1944, as were several others. • The USS Oklahoma was hit by five torpedoes and capsized, killing 429. The ship was later brought up, but was too damaged to repair. It was decided to tow the hulk to San Francisco to be sold for scrap. While en route in 1947, a storm stuck and the Oklahoma sank to the bottom of the Pacific. • In addition to the Imperial Japanese aircraft attack, five Japanese midget submarines were submerged near the entrance to the Harbor, having been launched the night before the attack. Each of the 78-foot-long (23.8-m) submarines carried two men and two torpedoes with an explosive charge of twice that of the bombs carried by aircraft. They could maneuver in the shallow waters of the Harbor where conventional subs could not. • One of the midget sub’s periscopes was spotted by an American

destroyer, which opened fire, putting an end to the first sub. Another sub was able to enter the Harbor, but was sunk by another destroyer. Yet another drifted to the coast of Oahu and was captured the next day, giving the U.S. their first Japanese POW. Four of the midgets have been found, one as recently as 2002. Two are on exhibit – one in Texas and one in Japan – two remain on the seabed, and one has never been found. • Ten days after the attack, Admiral Husband Kimmel, naval commander at Pearl Harbor, and Lt. General Walter Short, U.S. Army commander, were relieved of their duties, and entered into several investigations and finally early retirement. In 1999, both were exonerated after their deaths by the U.S. Senate. • It was the goal of the Japanese to decimate the Pacific Fleet. But because all of the Fleet’s aircraft carriers were safely away from the base that day, the U.S. was able to rebound from the attack. The Japanese also failed to destroy the base’s oil storage depots, power station, dry dock, torpedo storage facility, repair facilities, shipyard, submarine docks, and headquarters building. • The USS Arizona memorial receives more than two million visitors annually. The sunken battleship is submerged in less than 40 feet (12.2 m) of water, but none of the wreckage is above water, because its guns, turrets, and superstructures were removed. • The death toll from the Pearl Harbor attack was 2,403 American citizens, including 2,335 military personnel and 68 civilians. The Japanese loss was 64 Navy members and 29 out of their 353 attacking aircraft. Twenty-three sets of brothers aboard the USS Arizona perished.

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This week, Tidbits delves into the background of the world’s most famous mummy, discovered 97 years ago this week. • Although much is known about the tomb of By: Kathy Wolfe King Tut, not a great deal is known about him as a person. His tomb has revealed more about him than historical records. It’s believed that he was born in Egypt around 1341 B.C., the son of the powerful Pharaoh Akhenaten. Tut’s full birth name was Tutankhaten, which means “living image of Aten.” Tut’s father had forbidden the country’s worship of many gods, proclaiming that the people would now worship one god, Aten, the sun disk. While a prince, he was known as Tutankhaten, but when he ascended the throne, it was changed to Tutankhamun. • Tut became Pharaoh in 1333 BC, at age nine or ten. He married his half-sister, and the couple had two daughters, neither of whom survived. The second daughter had several birth defects, including spina bifida and scoliosis, perhaps caused by the family’s inbreeding. DNA testing showed that his parents were brother and sister. • Although a tall person, his remains suggest that he was physically frail, suffering from a bone disease that crippled his left foot. Artwork depicts him as seated while participating in physical activities such as archery. DNA samples uncovered evidence of several malaria infections. It’s possible that Tut died from a gangrene infection following a broken leg. • His tomb was relatively small in size, which leads historians to believe that Tut’s death at age 19 was sudden and unexpected. Following the Egyptian religious tradition, Tut’s organs were removed and wrapped in resin-soaked bandages. A 24-lb. solid gold mask was placed over his head and shoulders, and the body was then placed in eight nested containers, including golden coffins, a granite sarcophagus and gilded wooden shrines. • The relatively-unknown Tut rested in his tomb for more than 3,200 years, until November, 1922, when British archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the four-room tomb, unsealed the burial chamber in February, 1923, and turned Tut into the world’s most famous pharaoh. • Carter had been excavating in Egypt since 1891. After World War I, his search was concentrated in the Valley of the Kings, where Tut was entombed. • The antechambers contained 5,398 artifacts, which took Howard Carter 17 years to excavate, classify, and record. Although it seems the tomb had been robbed twice of a few items, the robberies clearly took place less than a year after Tut’s death. Items discovered included weapons, chariots, thrones, jewelry, clothes, oils and perfumes, wine, trumpets, childhood toys, gold and ebony statues, and 130 of the crippled king’s canes – anything that he might possibly need in the afterlife. Carter even found fresh linen underwear! • Tut’s tomb relics have been displayed throughout the world. The most wellknown tour began in 1972 at London’s British Museum. Over a six-month period, more than 1.6 million visitors attended the exhibition, standing in line for up to eight hours. The Metropolitan Museum of Art hosted the U.S. exhibition from 1976 to 1979. Upwards of 8 million people viewed the display over the 2 ½-year period. • Today, Tut’s mummy still rests in his tomb in the Valley of the Kings. On the 85th anniversary of the discovery, in order to reduce further decomposition, the mummy was transferred from its golden sarcophagus to a climate-controlled glass box, where it remains on display to visitors.

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REMARKABLE PEOPLE

STEVE IRWIN By: Kathy Wolfe

This month we celebrate Steve Irwin Day, set aside to commemorate the life of the famous Australian animal enthusiast and host of “Crocodile Hunter.” • Steve Irwin came into the world of wildlife naturally since his parents owned a wildlife park. Although his father was a plumber by trade and his mother was a nurse, the pair both loved wildlife, and when Steve was a young child, they opened the Beerwah Reptile Park in Queensland, Australia. • Steve received a python for this sixth birthday, the same year he caught his first venomous snake. By age nine, he was assisting his father in wrestling and catching problem crocodiles who made their way to boat ramps. Steve jumped on

the crocs in the water, put his legs around the neck, and wrestled the reptile into the boat. Steve described it as “like being tossed around in a washing machine.” He determined at that young age that catching crocodiles was the life he wanted. • Steve spent his young adulthood capturing problem crocodiles, saving them from poachers’ bullets, and moving them to his family’s facility. When his parents retired in the 1990s, Steve took over the management and renamed the facility the Australia Zoo. • Twenty-seven-year-old Oregon resident Terri Raines was vacationing in Australia in 1991 when she visited the Irwin family wildlife park. There she met Steve, and by June of the following year, they were married. They spent their “honeymoon” filming a documentary that would become part of “The Crocodile Hunter.” Four years after the series debuted in Australia, it was picked up by America’s cable channel, Animal Planet. • Crocodiles weren’t the only

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thing that Irwin rescued. In 2003, while filming a documentary about sea lions off the coast of Baja California, reports came over his boat’s radio that two scuba divers were missing nearby. Irwin and his crew joined the rescue team and located one survivor on a rock ledge on the side of a cliff and ushered him to the safety of Irwin’s boat. Unfortunately, the other diver perished. • Irwin came under fire in 2004 when he was filmed feeding a chicken carcass to a 12.5-ft (3.8-m) crocodile while holding his one-month-old son. Irwin rebutted the accusations of child abuse by stating that he had been dealing with crocs since he was a young boy, and knew that there was no danger to his baby. • In addition to his rescue efforts, Irwin and his father also discovered a new species of snapping turtle in the early 1990s. The freshwater turtle was named Elseya irwini after its discoverers. • Irwin branched out in film with

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www.bbbscentralmn.org 2002’s “The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course,” which was awarded the “Best Family Feature Film” at the Young Artist Awards. He also made an appearance in Eddie Murphy’s “Doctor Doolittle” that same year. Irwin also provided the voice for an elephant seal named Trev in the animated “Happy Feet.” Sadly, he died while the film was in post-production. • Although occasionally criticized for what some considered irresponsible, thrill-seeking, and clowning around antics on the small screen, Irwin was committed to wildlife education and conservation. He operated an organization that rescued and protected crocodiles, and supported several other animal conservation charities. • In September, 2006, while filming a segment on stingrays, and snorkeling in shallow waters, Irwin swam over a ray, and was pierced in the chest by the ray’s tail. His heart was pierced, and this father of two passed away within a few minutes at age 44.

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Thought for the Day: “I don’t trust a man who uses the word evil 18 times in 10 minutes. If you’re half evil, nothing soothes you more than to think the person you are opposed to is totally evil.” -- Norman Mailer

► If you’re planning a holiday in Paris this year, keep in mind that in that city it’s against the law to spin a top on a sidewalk.

► You might be surprised to learn that in addition to being the father of our country, George Washington was quite a successful purveyor of alcohol. According to the U.S. Distilled Spirits Council, he operated one of the largest whiskey distilleries in early America, producing 11,000 gallons in 1799.

► According to biologists, young giraffes have been known to grow up to half an inch per hour.

► Those who study such things say that if you want to know if someone is likely to keep your secrets, you should look at their birth order in the family. First-born children tend to be better at keeping secrets than kids born later.

► Two-thirds of all Tony award-winning composers and lyricists have been Jewish.

► The name of the state of Vermont comes from the French “mont vert,” which means “green mountain.” (If the explorers who named the state saw green mountains, they obviously were not there in the winter.)

► Some people enjoy novelty when dining out, but restaurateurs take a big risk when adding new items to a menu; it seems that less than a third of diners will actually try a new menu item.

by: Samantha Weaver

► Up until the 1500s, the accepted way of dealing with a patient who was hemorrhaging was to cauterize the wound, often with boiling oil or red-hot irons. It was in the latter part of the 16th century that a French surgeon named Ambroise Pare began tying off the broken blood vessels with cord. That’s pretty much what surgeons do today.

► A researcher in Britain calculated that local farmland contains more than 2 million spiders per acre. Must be small ones, I’d say.

► If you’re like the average American, you will eat about 150 bananas this year -- 26 pounds’ worth. Veteran Owned

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There are about 50 billion chickens in the world, making it the most abundant bird on Earth. There are more chickens than any other bird. In North America, there are about 10 billion chickens, compared to about 4 billion wild birds. Come with Tidbits as we consider the chicken! IN EVERY POT • The average American eats about 90 lbs (41 kg) of chicken each year, which equals 23 birds per person. Americans eat about 50 pounds (23 kg) of beef per year and another 50 pounds of pork. • About 5.9 billion pounds of chicken are consumed every hour of every day, with over 8.6 billion chickens eaten in the U.S., and 40 billion eaten worldwide over a single year. There are more chickens in the U.S. than there are cows, pigs, sheep, goats, ducks, rabbits, and turkeys combined. Americans eat one-third of all chickens in the world, consuming more than any other country. The chicken is the most industrialized animal in history. • The chicken originated in Asia, was domesticated, and carried worldwide on ships. Chickens that came with Christopher Columbus were the first in North America. When Columbus tasted roasted iguana in the Bahamas, he may have been the first person to say, “Tastes like chicken.” • The pilgrims brought chickens with them to Jamestown in 1607, and by 1609 they had a flock of up to 500 birds. • In the 1700s it was illegal for slaves in the U.S. to own livestock including hogs, cattle, or horses, but were allowed. Slaves raised chickens and sold the meat, feathers, and eggs. • In the U.S., the per capita consumption used to be about ten pounds (4.5 kg) per year, until the 20th century.

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