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TIDBITS CHECKS OUT FACTS ON
Mrs.
GERMS by Kathy Wolfe
You can’t see them, but they’re everywhere! This week, Tidbits focuses on germs, what they are, where they are, and how you can defend yourself against the harmful ones. • “Germ” is a simple name for “pathogen,” anything that can produce disease. In reality, most germs – up to about 99% -- don’t harm you, and in fact, some are good for you! Some bacteria in the stomach aids in the digestive process, while other germs on your skin help keep the bad ones from getting in. We need “good” bacteria to produce yogurt and cheese. Scientists believe that being exposed to certain germs is good for you because it builds up the body’s immune system, increasing your body’s ability to defend itself. The average human has between 2 and 5 lbs. of bacteria in the body. • Germs are categorized into four main groups – bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria are one-celled organisms, so small that 1,000 of them can fit end to end on the tip of your pencil’s eraser. Some bacteria measure around 1,000 nanometers (a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter.) They get their nutrients from their environment, whatever that may be, and can reproduce outside of the body or inside where they cause infections.
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GERMS (continued):
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5. How long does it take for bacteria to double their number? 6. Which room in a home has T or F: The flu virus can live the most germs? on a dollar bill for over 15 7. Which chess piece can only days. move diagonally? How fast do germs travel when 8. Which actor was known for the you sneeze? line, “Baby, you’re the greatest”? Which spread germs more, 9. T or F: A quarter only has 1 damp hands or dry hands? more ridge on it’s edge than Which typically has more a dime does. germs — a cell phone or a TRIVIA toilet seat? SPONSORED BY:
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• In order for a virus to reproduce, it needs to be inside living cells, which act as the host. However, they can live for a short time on surfaces such as a countertop or doorknob. Measles, chickenpox, shingles, influenza, and the common cold are examples of viruses. While antibiotics can knock out bacteria, they have no effect on viruses. • Fungi derive their nutrition from people, plants, and animals. They thrive in warm, damp places. Athlete’s foot, ringworm, thrush, and candida are all the result of these multi-celled organisms. • The single-celled protozoa often live in food, soil, water, or insects, and enter the body by these means. Malaria is transmitted by infected mosquitoes, while giardia is spread through water. • Americans miss 50 million days of work because of colds. Did you know that the speed of a sneeze is more than 100 mph, spreading 5,000 droplets with 10,000 bacteria a distance of up to 12 feet? • If you ask people where the highest concentration of germs is, most will probably say the toilet! However, studies indicate that cell phones are 18 times dirtier than public toilet handles, with one in six cell phones having E. coli bacteria on it. About 75% of Americans use their phone in the bathroom, but how many people wash their hands after using their phone? It’s recommended that cell phone users clean it with an antibacterial wipe once a week. Do the same with an IPad or tablet. ...continued
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PLEASE TELL OUR ADVERTISERS YOU SAW THEIR AD IN TIDBITS! 4. North Carolina’s Ty Lawson set a record in 1. In 2014, pitcher Matt Shoe- 2009 for the most steals in a NCAA Tournament maker set an Angels record championship game in for most victories by a men’s basketball. How rookie. How many was it? many was it? 2. Who are the only two 5. Florida’s Jaromir Jagr Japanese pitchers to toss a (44) set an NHL record no-hitter in Major League in the 2015-16 season for Baseball? most goals (27) and points 3. T or F: In 2015, Jordan (66) by an NHL player 43 Spieth became the youngest years old or older. Who player (22) to win 5 events had held the record? during a PGA season. 6. Where was Michael Phelps born?
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GERMS (continued):
• Your kitchen sink also is more germ-laden than the bathroom. In fact, the number one germiest place in your home is the kitchen sponge. There are typically more than 500,000 bacteria in the kitchen sink, about 1,000 times more than your toilet. Because bacteria from raw meats and other foods thrive in the sink, you should be scouring it every day with a disinfecting cleanser. Two minutes a day in the microwave will keep your kitchen sponge free of E. coli and salmonella. (Be sure to wet it first.) Dish towels can be as bad as sponges for harboring staph and other bacteria. • What’s the germiest place in your child’s school? The drinking fountain, with 800 times the germs of the toilet seats! Even the lunch trays, faucets, and computer keyboards at schools have more germs than the toilet seat. • Playground equipment ranks high on the list of germy spots, with little hands gripping slides and swings. What’s the worst spot in the playground? Naturally the sandbox! And one study revealed that more than half of the swimming pools tested were positive for E. coli. Don’t swallow the water!
*Answer located further back in this issue.
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GERMS (continued):
• About 80% of infections are spread by hand. In fact, more germs are spread by shaking hands than by kissing! About half the population washes their hands after sneezing or coughing, and only 17% after shaking hands with strangers. • Dining out tonight? Consider the fact that restaurant menus have 100 times more bacteria than a toilet seat, and might be wiped down just once a day, perhaps with a dirty rag. It’s a good idea not to lay your silverware on top of the menu, and you might want to wash your hands after you order. And how about those ketchup bottles? No one knows what the previous person touched before handling the ketchup. If you like a wedge of lemon in your water, bear in mind that 70% of lemons’ exteriors carry disease-causing microbes. • Can you identify the most germ-laden object in a hotel room? It’s the TV remote! Carry along a package of disinfectant wipes on your next trip to take care of this. • Before loading your fresh produce into the top of your grocery cart, consider that a baby with a dirty diaper may have been sitting there just moments before, or perhaps a package of raw meat. The cart’s handle might be loaded with up to 11 million germs Those antibacterial wipe dispensers found at the front of most stores will help alleviate this problem! • Before you lock yourself up at home to avoid germs, remember that a healthy immune system that comes in contact with bad germs in small quantities will recognize them as bad and will fight them off. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are an exceptional way to fight germs.
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• It was ancient Stoic philosopher Epictetus -who served as a slave to a freedman named Epaphroditos, who was himself a secretary to the infamous Roman emperor Nero -- who made the following observation: "Men are not disturbed by things, but the view they take of things." (In an interesting side note, upon hearing that quotation, a professor of psychology named Herb Kimmel reportedly responded: "What about things like bullets?") • The next time you're outside enjoying a morning serenade, consider this tidbit: Most bird songs are cries of war, not courtship. • Most people know "Mary Poppins" from the 1964 Disney film, but the character was created by author P.L. Travers and first appeared in a children's book published in 1934. Walt Disney loved the story and wanted to make it into a movie, but it took more than 20 years for him to convince Travers to approve the plan. • Beloved American author Kurt Vonnegut studied biochemistry in college. • You may think you know what color a polar bear's fur is, but you're probably wrong: It's not white; it's translucent. The fur appears white because it reflects visible light -- in fact, polar bears are nearly invisible in infrared photography. If you've seen a polar bear in a zoo, though, you may have noticed a greenish tinge to its fur; this color comes from algae, which tends to form when the bears are in warm and humid environments to which they're not accustomed. • You might be surprised to learn that the first drive-in theater in the United States was opened all the way back in 1921, in downtown Comanche, Texas. Attendees parked bumper to bumper to watch screenings of silent films. *** Thought for the Day: "A good storyteller is the conscience-keeper of a nation." -- Sampooran Singh Gulzar
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Unusual Animals:
SHAMU
September 26 has been designated as Shamu the Whale Day, so Tidbits is taking this opportunity to give you the facts on killer whales and Shamu in particular. • In June of 1965, a salmon fisherman was caught in a storm near British Columbia’s Warrior Cove. He cut his net loose and headed for safety. The following morning, he discovered two killer whales trapped in his abandoned net, one male about 21 feet long, and a young calf. The calf escaped shortly afterward, but the bull was offered for sale at $25,000. When there were no takers at the steep price, the fisherman finally settled for $8,000 cash from the owner of the Seattle Marine Aquarium. The whale was named Namu after a nearby British Columbian community. It took 18 days to make the 400-mile trip down to Seattle, with Namu enclosed in a three-sided pen. • Four months later, the Seattle aquarium owner captured a female killer whale in Puget Sound, a 14-foot, 2000 lb. female meant as a companion for Namu. She was named Shamu, meaning “Friend of Namu,” however, she was anything but that. After it became obvious that the two didn’t get along, just two months later, Shamu was sold to San Diego’s Sea World, an attraction that had opened the previous year, 1964. Namu lived just a year in Seattle before drowning after becoming entangled in the cables of his pen. • While at Sea World, Shamu was trained to perform, and was a star for nearly six years until 1971, when she latched on to and refused to release the leg of a female employee who was riding Shamu at a publicity event. The whale’s jaws had to be pried apart with a pole, and Shamu was immediately retired from performances. The orca died four months later of septicemia.
• After Shamu’s death, Sea World continued to use the name for the subsequent killer whales used in their shows. • September 26, Shamu the Whale Day commemorates that day in 1985, when the first surviving orca was born in captivity. • During the 1960s and 1970, approximately 35 orcas were captured in Puget Sound, with 13 killed during the process. The last whale to be captured was Lolita, caught near Washington’s Whidbey Island in 1970. Her home for the last 46 years has been the Miami Seaquarium, although plans are in the works to return her to her native habitat. • In the wild, an orca can swim at a speed of 28 mph, although their average pace is about 6 to 8 mph. Their diet varies from fish to seals, sea lions, sharks, rays, octopi, and squid, with some feeding on penguins and sea turtles. The average killer whale consumes about 500 lbs. of food a day. • A newborn killer whale weighs between 265 and 350 lbs., and measures about 8.5 ft. long. An average male will reach a length of about 22 ft. , and can weigh up to nearly 12,000 lbs. The smaller adult females can weigh about 8,200 lbs. , with a length of 19 feet. The lifespan of an orca is 60 years for males and 90 years for females.
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(Answers located after next page)
September 12, 2016
• “Use old T-shirts as rags when you polish your silver and brass. They work really well, no scratching! I am doing this now to get everything ready for the holiday entertaining season.” — E.L. in Maine • Before cold weather settles in, remove summer dust buildup by vacuuming walls, baseboards, ceiling ductwork and high shelves. You can extend your reach with the cardboard core of a roll of gift wrap. Just tape it to the end of your handle attachment. • “I have a weekly meet-up group of girlfriends. We pick a project to work on each season or so. This season is organizing vacation and digital photos. We each bring a load of old photos or our computer to each others’ houses in turn, and have a great time going through them, organizing and putting them in albums. It is less overwhelming to do it with friends. Plus, we have fun!” — R.E. in New Hampshire • Use a Bundt pan to roast a chicken. Grease insides of pan. Simply season and prepare your bird, then slip the bird upright on the center, cavity down. Then fill the pan with veggies for a complete meal. Roast and enjoy. • Wipe down screens before replacing them with storm windows for the winter. Also, save yourself a lot of time and aggravation by labeling each screen with the location it came from. This way, in the spring, you will have an easy time getting them back up. • Protect your carpet, upholstery and artwork by drawing the blinds or curtains in windows that get direct sunlight. If you like to get the light and warmth in the cold months, use sheers to filter the light. Over time, even through a window, the light can fade and stain fabrics. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.
• On Oct. 2, 1836, British naturalist Charles Darwin returns to England after a five-year voyage surveying the flora, fauna and geology of the southern Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It would lead to his theory that evolution occurred by a process he termed "natural selection." • On Sept. 28, 1901, Ed Sullivan, who will become the host of "The Ed Sullivan Show," is born in New York City. Sullivan's popular program showcased a wide range of entertainers, including Elvis Presley and the Beatles. • On Oct. 1, 1918, a combined Arab and British force captures Damascus from the Turks, completing the liberation of Arabia. A key commander in the Allied campaign was T.E. Lawrence, the legendary British soldier known as Lawrence of Arabia. • On Sept. 26, 1960, for the first time, a debate between presidential candidates is shown on television. John F. Kennedy, senator from Massachusetts, and Richard M. Nixon, vice president of the United States, met in a Chicago studio. Kennedy looked tanned and healthy, while Nixon looked ghostly after his makeup ran. • On Sept. 27, 1989, actress Zsa Zsa Gabor, on trial for slapping a police officer, storms out of the courtroom. Gabor said her treatment by the police after being pulled over in her RollsRoyce was "like Nazi Germany." • On Sept. 30, 1999, large doses of radiation are released into the air at Japan's Tokaimura nuclear plant. Workers had mixed 35 pounds of powdered uranium instead of five, then forgot to turn off the plant's ventilation system. • On Sept. 29, 2005, New York Times reporter Judith Miller is released from federal detention after agreeing to testify in the investigation into the leaking of the identity of covert CIA officer Valerie Plame. Miller had been behind bars since July 6 for refusing to reveal a confidential source. © 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.
Fighting Late Season Mosquitoes Grand Forks Mosquito Control maintains an extensive trapping network to monitor the local mosquito population and species composition. However, these traps don’t always tell us what’s out there. The weather is a major factor in determining how effective the traps are. It’s common to have artificially low trap counts when we get into September because the nights are cool and mosquitoes are not active. Achieving a successful spray for mosquitoes in September can be very difficult. Mosquitoes function best around 80° F, they become lethargic around 60° F and cannot function below 50° F. As we get into September, once the sun goes down the temperature usually drops rapidly and mosquito activity decrease significantly. Spraying for mosquitoes when there is little natural activity results in few mosquitoes killed and expensive chemicals needlessly sprayed. We know it is frustrating when you’re getting bit up from these pests but it isn’t that we don’t want to spray, or don’t have the staff or resources, it comes down to whether or not spraying would be effective. We need to have the right meteorological conditions when spraying mosquitoes. The best solution to this problem is to wear protective clothing and apply insect repellants that contain DEET. Please be patient, when the conditions improve for spraying, we’ll get out there as soon as we can. We want to do the best job we can to reduce the mosquito population, but we must follow the label directions for the chemicals we use and we will not be reckless with the products we use to control mosquitoes in our community. Grand Forks Mosquito Control has identified several pools of mosquitoes that were positive for West Nile virus this summer. The State Health Dept. has also reported human WNV from Grand Forks County. The cities of Grand Forks and East Grand Forks urge citizens to take extra precautions to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. If you have any questions or concerns relating to mosquito control visit our website at www.gfmosquito.com
CITY NAME ORIGINS
Have you ever wondered where some cities got their name? Check out some of these popular locations with unusual origins. • The Algonquin Indian tribes living in what is now Chicago identified the area near the river as the place where species of wild leeks grew. Chicago translates from their language as “smelly onions.” The French explorer Robert de la Salle was the first to record the name of the region as “Checagou.”
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NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE Research conducted by microbiologists has found that rod-shaped bacteria salmonella can survive up to 28 days on a dry surface and be transferred "almost immediately on contact." The foods most often infected with salmonella are beef, poultry, milk, and eggs. Due to being in a confined space for several hours, with hundreds of people crowded close together, you are 100 times more likely to catch a cold on a plane than under normal living conditions.
• The name of Quebec also has Algonquin origins, from their word kebec, meaning “where the river narrows.” This indicated the area where the St. Lawrence River narrows to a cliff-lined gap. Another French explorer Samuel de Champlain dubbed the area Quebec in 1608. • The Kansa Indians living in what is now the northeast portion of the state of Kansas named the area along the river Topeka. The native language for Topeka translates the name as “a good place to dig potatoes.” The community that bears the name was established in the mid-1850s. • Palo Alto, California’s name has its roots in the Spanish language, meaning “tall sticks,” representing the nearby giant redwoods, specifically El Palo Alto, a tree growing on the bank of San Francisquito Creek within the city. In 1814, this giant measured 162.2 feet tall, but is currently only 110 feet. As the water table lowered over the years due to nearby wells, the tree’s roots were unable to reach water, and much of its top died. Its diameter is 90 inches across. In 1955, the tree was bored to determine its age according to the number of rings. It’s estimated to be more than 1,075 years old today.
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DIFFERENCES: 1. Gun is missing. 2. Cuffs are missing. 3. Glove is smaller. 4 Light switch is missing. 5. TV controls are missing. 6. Cable is moved. © 2016 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.
CITY NAME ORIGINS (cont'd)
• Manitoba, Canada’s capital city, Winnipeg, is located near Lake Winnipeg, named such by the native Cree tribe. The lake’s water was Answer: Dell. filled with silt that drained into it from the nearA VERY LARGE NUMBER by prairies. The Cree word translates “muddy •orEdward Kasner was a mathematician. In 1938 brackish water.” he was asked to come up with a name for a • Spain’s Duke of Albuquerque an exvery large number: the numeralfinanced one, followed pedition up the Rio Grande in 1660, searching by a hundred zeros. He asked his two young for cities of gold. The city is named nephews what name they would suggest.for the Duke, whose name translates from • Nine-year-old Milton suggested aSpanish, name albumen, andstrip Quercus, for out of themeaning funnies.“white,” A cartoon character “oak.” named Barney was very popular. Milton chose Barney’s last for the number. • Oklahoma City,name the 27th largest city in the U.S., •isKasner announced new livestock name for markets the big home to one of thethe largest in hisItnext altering thethe spelling. innumber the world. takesbook, its name from Choc•taw Sixty yearswords later, okla Larryand Page and Sergey Brin tribe’s humma, translating developed a new internet search engine. Other “red people.” search engines searched each webpage and • Abilene, Kansas started to outhow as amany stagetimes coach ranked them according a stop named Mud Creekon in them, 1857. but In 1860, the specific term appeared Page and settlement was their renamed Brin designed searchAbilene, engine tocommemosearch for the specific terminand findLuke out how rating a passage thethen Bible, 3:1, many translinks from therethe were that led back of to the thatplains.” page, lating Hebrew for “city which resulted in a better search engine. • During an 1829 expedition, a Mexican trader •named They Antonio decided Armijo they needed name along that led 60 apeople reflected how many websites the search the Spanish between New Mexico and engine was trail searching. They took the name California. Armijo sent out a scouting party in of Edward Kasner’s very large number, only search of water, itand the group came up upon an they misspelled slightly, so it ended being oasis of artesian springs and meadows in the spelled exactly the same way the cartoon character Barney spelled last name. middle of the desert Theyhis named it LasWhat’s Vegas, it called? (Answer at bottom which translates from Spanishofaspage) “fertile plains or meadows.” The town ofFACTS Las Vegas was not COMPUTER founded until 1905, and remained small until • In 1981 Bill Gates said, “640 kb of memory Nevada gambling in 1931. ought tolegalized be enough for anybody.” • The city Law of Spokane, takes its • Moore’s states that Washington, computer performance doubles every to 24 American months, andtribe everof since name from the18 Native the 1971, this has been true. same name who called the area home for cen•turies. HP, Google, Microsoft, Apple from were the all The word Spokaneand translates started in garages. Salish language for “children of the sun.” Answer: Google, from googol.
• No weekends, evenings or holidays. • $300 sign-on bonus for full time employees. Quarterwage, 2015 • 1st Very competitive paid holidays, advancement opportunities. Week 2 license, be 18, •Must have valid drivers and have a vehicle. 4 - Jan.if 10 CallJan 701-775-6778 interested, or apply at: 1407 24th Ave. S. Grand Forks, ND
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Quiz Answers
1. True 2. About 100 mph 3. Damp hands by 1,000x 4. Cell phone 5. 20 minutes
answer
13
6. The kitchen 7. The bishop 8. Jackie Gleason as Ralph Kramden 9. True: Quarter119, Dime-118
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Sports Answers 1. 16 wins 2. Hideo Nomo (1996, 2001), Hisashi Iwakuma (2015) 3. False. Horton Smith was 21 (1929) Food and Drinks
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