Tidbits Grand Forks - August 24, 2017 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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LES • PUZZ A I V I R S •T FACT • FUN August 24, 2017

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TIDBITS SPLASHES AROUND IN ®

THE GREAT LAKES

Mrs.

by Kathy Wolfe

Creating part of the U.S.-Canadian border, the Great Lakes make up the largest body of fresh water on Earth. This week, Tidbits is focusing on these five lakes – Superior, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Erie. • The Great Lakes account for 84% of North America’s surface fresh water, and about 21% of the world’s supply. The surface area of 95,160 square miles is larger than the areas of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont combined! The shoreline of all of the Lakes combined is equal to nearly 44% of the Earth’s circumference.

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• Lake Superior is the largest lake both in surface area and in water volume. It’s also the deepest. Its name is derived from the French “lac supeneur,” translating “upper lake,” due to its location north of Lake Huron.

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GREAT LAKES (continued):

Let's Play Dirty.

• Superior is so large that all of the other four Great Lakes, plus three more the size of Lake Erie, would fit inside. It contains enough water to submerge all of North and South America in a foot of water. Lake Superior alone accounts for 10% of the world’s fresh surface water. An How we play.™ estimated 100 million trout live in Lake Superior.

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we play. 5. The Great LakesHow contain more than 30,000 of these. What are they? 6. In the game of Monopoly, what color is the property St. James Place? 7. What was the name of the news director on TV’s “WKRP in Cincinnati”? 8. In the cat family, what are vibrissae? TRIVIA SPONSORED BY: ™

1. Who sang the 1976 hit “The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald”? 2. What city lies at the southernmost tip of Lake Michigan? 3. How many U.S. states have borders on the Great Lakes? 4. To which body of water is Lake Ontario connected to by the St. Lawrence River?

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• A large island 45 miles long and 9 miles wide sits in the middle of Lake Superior. The island, Isle Royale, has several smaller lakes, making them, in essence, lakes on a lake. Isle Royale, along with 450 smaller islands, make up Isle Royale National Park.

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• The Wyandot Indians, or Hurons, who lived on its shores, lent their name to Lake Huron. Huron, the second-largest Great Lake and the fifth largest lake in the world, has the longest shoreline of any of the Great Lakes, 3,827 miles, which includes its many islands. Huron was the first of the Great Lakes to be discovered by European explorers, French explorers Samuel de Champlain and Etienne Brule, who travelled up the Ottawa and Mattawa rivers in 1615. They called it “La Mer Douce,” meaning the “sweet/ fresh-water sea.” • The Ojibwa Indians originally named Lake Michigan “mishigami,” meaning ‘large lake.” The third largest Great Lake, Michigan is the only one located entirely within the United States. • Marathon swimmer Jim Dreyer started his swimming career with a 65-mile swim across Lake Michigan in 1998. In 2003, he swam the length of 422 miles. ...continued

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SPORTS QUIZ 1. Entering the 2017 season, how many consecutive years had the Baltimore Orioles hit at least 200 home runs? 2. Which was the last school before Coastal Carolina in 2016 to win the championship in its first College World Series? 3. Which season was Hall of Famer Bobby Orr’s last as an NHL player?

4. How many times has LeBron James led his NBA team in total assists for a season during his 14-year NBA career? 5. When was the last time that Americans won both the men’s and women’s tennis singles titles in the same year at the U.S. Open? 6. What player holds the NFL record for most regular-season games played by a running back? Who is second?

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GREAT LAKES (continued): • All of the Great Lakes have had a good amount of shipwrecks. On a frigid December day in 1854, the steamer Westmoreland, loaded with winter provisions for the troops on Mackinac Island, sprung a leak while in the middle of Lake Michigan. Within a short time, the boiler had flooded, the fire went out, and the ship lost its power. With the added weight of a thick coating of ice from the lake’s waves, the ship sank shortly afterward. Half of its 34 crew and passengers perished, with the other half making their way to safety aboard life boats on the rolling waves. It was rumored that the steamer contained $10,000 in gold coins, along with 280 barrels of whiskey. In 2010, over 155 years after the accident, the ship was discovered upright on the bottom, 200 feet below the surface in a bay. To date, no discovery of gold has been reported. • Another Lake Michigan disaster occurred in 1860, when a steamer carrying 600 people collided with a boat carrying timber to Chicago. The death toll of this collision was 450. • More than 1,000 shipwrecks have been recorded in Lake Huron, with many still at the lake’s bottom. A particularly severe storm in 1913 produced wind gusts of 90 mph, and waves exceeding 35 feet. This 16-hour storm sank 10 ships, and killed 235 sailors.

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• Lake Erie’s name comes from the Iroquois language, derived from “erielhonan,” the word for long tail, a description of the lake’s shape. It’s the fourth largest in surface area, but the smallest by water volume. Although Erie is the smallest Great Lake in volume, it’s surrounded by the most industry. Seventeen large metropolitan areas border the Lake Erie basin. ...continued

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• On Sept. 1, 1864, Union Army Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman lays siege to Atlanta, a critical Confederate hub, shelling civilians and cutting off supply lines. On Nov. 15, Sherman ordered that Atlanta's military resources, including munitions factories, clothing mills and railway yards, be burned. The fire got out of control and left Atlanta in ruins. • On Aug. 31, 1886, an earthquake near Charleston, South Carolina, leaves more than 100 people dead and destroys hundreds of buildings. It was the largest recorded earthquake in the history of the southeastern U.S. • On Sept. 3, 1935, Britain's Sir Malcolm Campbell sets a new land-speed record on the Bonneville Salt Flats of Utah. With its low-slung, aerodynamic body and 2,500-horsepower engine, the Bluebird averaged 301 mph in two runs over a 1-mile course. Today, the landspeed record stands at 763 mph. • On Aug. 29, 1958, pop sensation Michael Jackson is born in Gary, Indiana. Jackson began performing at age 7 with his four brothers in the pop group the Jackson 5, which scored its first No. 1 single in 1969 with "I Want You Back." • On Aug. 30, 1963, at the height of the Cold War, a 24-hour-a-day "hot line" between Moscow and Washington begins operation. The hot line was designed to speed communication between the U.S. president and Soviet premier and help prevent an accidental nuclear war. • On Sept. 2, 1973, J.R.R. Tolkien, author of the best-selling fantasy novels "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" -- the source of the award-winning blockbuster movie trilogy -dies at the age of 81 in England. • On Aug. 28, 1988, with 100,000 spectators on hand, an air show at the Ramstein Air Base in Germany turns tragic when three Italian fighter jets collide in mid-air and fall into the crowd. Sixty-nine spectators were killed and hundreds more injured. © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

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GREAT LAKES (continued):

WEST NILE VIRUS RISK INCREASES JULY THRU SEPTEMBER Most human West Nile virus cases in North Dakota occur from late July to mid-September. People infected with this disease typically develop syptoms between 2 and 14 days after the infected mosquito bites them. Protect yourself from mosquito bites and West Nile virus. North Dakota - West Nile Virus Cases By Date 2002 - 2016

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Weekly Data 2002 - 2016 Total Human Cases in ND - 1,643

West Nile Virus Symptoms: • Most people (70-80%) infected with West Nile virus will not develop any symptoms, or the symptoms may be so mild that they won’t seek medical care. • About 20% of the people infected will have a fever with other flu-like symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Most of the people with this type of WNV will have a complete recovery, but fatigue and weakness may last for weeks or months. • Less than 1% of the people infected will develop the more severe neurological form of this illness. The symptoms of neurologic illness can include headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, tremors, seazures, or paralysis. • Serious illness may occur in people of any age but people over 60 have the greatest risk for the severe form of this illness. People with certain medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and people who have received organ transplants are also at a greater risk of getting the severe form of this disease. • Recovery from the severe form of this disease may take several weeks or months and some of the neurologic effects may be permanent. This disease is fatal for about 10% of the people who develop neurologic infection. For information about West Nile virus and mosquito control visit our website at www.gfmosquito.com

• Lake Erie is reportedly home to a 40-foot-long snakelike sea monster named Bessie. First sighted in 1793, more recent sightings have been reported in 1960, 1969, four times in the 1980s, and again in 1990 by two Huron firefighters. An Ohio marine biologist says Bessie might be a large specimen of a lake sturgeon, which can live to age 150 and reach lengths in excess of 7 feet and weights of 300 lbs., with a somewhat prehistoric appearance. During the 1800s, the Sandusky, Ohio area was known as the caviar capital of North America, as the source of caviar is sturgeon eggs. More than 5 million lbs. of sturgeon were pulled from Lake Erie in 1885 for commercial harvest. Due to years of overharvesting, the sturgeon population experienced a dramatic decline, but is now making a comeback. A 7’4”, 250-lb. sturgeon was snagged from Lake Erie in 1998. • Lake Ontario takes its name from another Huron Indian word, meaning “lake of shining water.” The lake was not named after the Canadian province Ontario, rather it was the other way around with the province named after the lake. • Lake Ontario is the easternmost and the smallest of the five Great Lakes. Although smaller than Lake Erie, it’s much deeper and holds four times the volume of water. It’s located east of Lake Erie, and is at the base of Niagara Falls. • Baseball great Babe Ruth hit his first professional home run in Toronto Island’s Hanlan’s Point Stadium. Hanlan’s Point was the biggest ballpark in the minor leagues, a 17,000seat facility that was the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs. In September of 1914, the Babe slammed the home run right into Lake Ontario. It’s believed the ball still rests at the bottom.

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Unusual Plants:

• Because of the toxic sap in the stem, daffodils shouldn’t be arranged in a vase with other flowers unless the daffodils have been soaked in water Celebrate World Daffodil Day on August 25 by plucking for 24 hours. Re-cutting the stems will cause a rea few facts about this cheery blossom. release of the toxin. Florists often have an allergic • Daffodils are also known as paperwhite, jonquil, and reaction to the flower called “daffodil itch.” narcissus, and are members of the amaryllis family. The word “narcissus” has its origins in the Greek language • It’s odd that although the stem and bulb are toxic, another substance found in the bulb called narcifor “to benumb,” referring to the narcotic properties of clasine has been shown to have potential to treat this plant. In Greek mythology, Narcissus was a beaubreast cancer. In addition, an alkaloid known as tiful youth who fell in love with his own reflection in galantamine found in daffodils is proving effeca pool, and pined away, unable to leave the beauty of tive against the symptoms of Alzheimers Disease. his reflection. According to the myth, the gods turned Even the ancient Romans cultivated daffodils for him into a flower. Narcissus lent his name to the word the sap they believed had healing properties. An“narcissism,” a fixation with one’s own physical apcient Egyptians used the juice of the wild daffodil pearance and abilities. as a cure for baldness. It’s not known whether or • Although there are close to 60 different species of not it worked! wild daffodils, at least 13,000 types have been created

DAFFODILS

through selective breeding, with more being created • Although daffodils have been cultivated since ancient times, the name was not recorded in print every year. until 1538. In 1623, William Shakespeare men• The plant has a leafless stem that will have one to 20 tioned daffodils twice in Act 4 of his play “The trumpet-shaped blossoms on top. Although the most Winter’s Tale.” familiar color is yellow, other varieties can be found

Answer

Weekly SUDOKU

Answer

King CROSSWORD

in white, orange, green, and pink. The plant varies in • The daffodil is the national flower of the country of Wales, and the Welsh people wear a blossom on height from 6 inches to 20 inches. Saint David’s Day, March 1. Welsh legend claims • Daffodils bulbs store all the nutrients necessary to that if you spy the first daffodil of the season, the develop the stem and blooms. Bulbs planted in the coming 12 months will be filled with wealth. To Autumn will blossom in the Spring, sometimes pushthese folks, it symbolizes new beginnings. The ing their way through the snow. Daffodils can also be wedding cake of Britain’s Prince William and grown from seeds, which are round and black with a Kate Middleton featured 17 different kinds of hard protecting coating. flowers, one of which was the daffodil. • The stem and bulb of a daffodil contain a toxic alkaloid designed to keep predators at a distance. Squirrels • During Victorian times, the flowers were a symbol of chivalry. If you receive a bouquet of dafknow better than to eat daffodil bulbs because of the fodils, it’s a symbol and happiness, good fortune, poisonous crystals, but the bulbs shouldn’t be planted and hope. However, a gift of a single daffodil is if you have a dog who likes to dig. said to predict misfortune.

rel a x this summer

by Samantha Weaver

• It was 18th-century American novelist and poet Herman Melville who made the following sage observation: "Of all the preposterous assumptions of humanity over humanity, nothing exceeds most of the criticisms made on the habits of the poor by the well-housed, well-warmed, and well-fed." • Those who study such things say that the three subjects that spark the most arguments in a marriage are money, children and driving. Of course, any couple that has had to figure out a teenager's auto insurance costs already knows that. • Dogs can be xenophobic, too -- those are the pups that are afraid of strangers. • You've heard of standing desks, right? These work surfaces -- which are designed to allow people to stand rather than sit while accomplishing their tasks -- have become quite popular in recent years. Standing desks are not a new invention, however; they reportedly were used by such notable historical figures as Benjamin Franklin, Leonardo da Vinci, Thomas Jefferson, Virginia Woolf, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Winston Churchill. • According to scientists, time can be measured more accurately than length. • If you're sick of naysayers, you might want to try becoming a yeasayer for a day. Yep, that's a word -- it refers to a person with a confident and positive outlook. (Note: It also can mean a yes-man -- someone who agrees uncritically with others -- but let's be confident and go with the positive definition.) • It's been reported that 16th-century English theologian John Wesley, founder of Methodism, never ate an evening meal. *** Thought for the Day: "We open our mouths and out flow words whose ancestries we do not even know. We are walking lexicons. In a single sentence of idle chatter we preserve Latin, AngloSaxon, Norse: we carry a museum inside our heads, each day we commemorate peoples of whom we have never heard." -- Penelope Lively © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

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It's a Big Fight Floyd Mayweather and Conor McGregor's world press tour was a brilliant marketing scheme that now has the entire world talking about the fight. Mayweather, at 49-0, is putting it all on the line to go 50-0, eclipsing Rocky Marciano's record of 49 straight wins. He is a master showman and knows how to push people's buttons better than anyone since Muhammad Ali. For at least his past 20 fights, Mayweather has played the villain, and he plays it with such sincerity that it's really hard for a lot of people to root for him ... but you'll watch, and he'll keep cashing those $100 million checks. But Conor McGregor also is undefeated as a boxer. And he is a WORLD CHAMPION fighter. He is not a novice by any means. In terms of the pre-fight smack talk, there is little doubt that McGregor had the bigger mouth (and funnier lines) but that being said, the incessant profanities and racial allegations have unfortunately ruined much of that tour for posterity. Mayweather, knowing how to manipulate, has tried to frame this fight in racial terms. He claims that McGregor slurred him, he wants to go that way and give himself enough motivation to win and win BIG. McGregor, in turn, rightfully accused Mayweather of being a wife-beater. That's certainly not what this country needs right now. Mayweather needs to ditch that angle or else they should just call off the fight. First of all, it was already implied: We know that McGregor is white and Mayweather is black. To frame this fight as yet another "great white hope" misses the mark entirely, and it needs to stop. So, we know McGregor talks a big game. But this fight is something special, I can tell. It's literally the biggest fight since Ali-Foreman in terms of hype. I've studied McGregor's tapes, and this guy really has a shot at winning. He's a FIGHTER; dismissing that is ridiculous. He beat the brakes off of Pauli Malignaggi, according to the leaked tapes of his second sparring match with McGregor. And while the clip of the fight shows a definite push and not a knockdown, the 20 seconds before that showed sweat spraying off Malignaggi's head and him bailing into the ropes. It was an unfair fight because Paulie is older and out of shape, but I'm certain Paulie very much got the better of him in the early rounds. But the films -- and his highlight reels from the UFC -- show that McGregor has stunning accuracy and is a killer counterpuncher. He's going to come out with savage fury and try to score the biggest upset in boxing history. McGregor is in serious shape and really believes he can do it. Self-actualization in action. He says he can break Mayweather's guard, and I believe him. His biggest worry is being disqualified for an illegal strike. My money's on McGregor. We soon shall see. Mark Vasto is a veteran sportswriter who lives in New Jersey.

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• “If you are going on vacation, leave a plastic baggie filled with ice cubes in your freezer. When you return, if the baggie is filled with a single chunk of ice, you’ll know your power was interrupted long enough to spoil your food while you were away.” — G.L. in Missouri • Here’s another moving tip: Bundle clothing on hangers with a rubber band. Slip the whole lot into a trash bag. The items will be ready to hang in the new closet with hardly any fuss. • Ants in your pet’s food bowl? Set cat or dog food bowls in a pie plate or other shallow dish filled with water. Ants and bugs can’t cross the water to get to the food, so it’s safe from pests. • “Use charcoal in the bathroom to prevent humidity from turning into mildew. Put a few charcoal bricks into a small open container, like a bowl. Then just tuck it behind the toilet. It traps excess moisture. Use only plain charcoal, not the kind that has lighter fluid in it!” — W.K. in Ohio • “If you have a magnetic closure on a kitchen cabinet that is too strong (you have to really pull the door to get it open), try this simple fix: Put a small piece of clear tape over the magnet. It reduces the magnet’s pull just enough that it doesn’t take as much effort. We did this at my grandma’s house when she got new kitchen cabinets, and she’s much happier now!” — Y.L.S. in Alabama • Have a terrific-smelling candle that’s burned down to bits? Scrape them out, and place in a small mason jar. Poke holes in the lid, and cap the jar. Then keep the jar in your car’s cup holder. When the car warms in the sun, it’ll smell wonderful, and there’s no need for a flame. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

BUTTERFLIES

‘Tis the season for butterflies, and Tidbits is fixing its attention on these members of the order Lepidoptera. • The word Lepidoptera has its origins in the Greek language, with Lepidos translating “scales” and ptera meaning “wings.” The four wings of a butterfly are covered with millions of overlapping, shingle-like rows of tiny scales, which give the wings their color. The wings are actually clear, and it’s the reflection of light off the scales that produces the colors and patterns we see. If the scales were removed from a butterfly’s wings, it would still be able to fly, it just wouldn’t have any color. • There are about 24,000 species of butterflies around the world. Adding moths (which are also part of Lepidoptera) increases that number to nearly 165,000. Every continent except Antarctica is home to butterflies.

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• Although some butterflies can fly up to 30 mph, most fly at 5 to 12 mph. They can’t fly at all if their body temperature is less than 86 degrees F. • The lifespan of the butterfly varies from two days up to 11 months. Its life cycle consists of four parts, with each physical transformation a part of what is known as metamorphosis, a word with Latin origins meaning “changing shape.” A female butterfly lays her eggs on a plant, attaching them with a special natural glue. Those eggs might hatch within a few days, although some take months or even years, depending on the conditions. Once the egg hatches, a tiny caterpillar crawls out and has its first meal – its own eggshell. It then starts munching on its host plant. ...continued

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• This caterpillar state, known as larva, is when most of the eating and growing occurs. As it grows, the covering splits and the caterpillar Answer: Dell. sheds its skin, a process that occurs five times VERY LARGE NUMBER before it Achanges into the pupa, or chrysalis, a •stage Edward Kasnera was mathematician. In 1938 in which hardacasing forms around the he was asked to come up with a name for a body. Inside the chrysalis, the butterfly’s six very large number: the numeral one, followed legs, proboscis, antennae, and wings are growby aInhundred zeros. Hedays, askedthe hispupa two breaks young ing. about 10 to 15 nephews what name they would suggest. open, and out comes the butterfly! Its wings •emerge Nine-year-old Milton and suggested name wet and crinkly, it takes aabout an out of the funnies. A cartoon strip character hour for them to be straight, dry, and strong named Barney was very popular. Milton chose enough forlast thename butterfly to fly away. Barney’s for the number. • •The butterfly’s longthe flexible tongue, Kasner announced new name for through the big which it sips its liquid food, is known as a pronumber in his next book, altering the spelling. This tube-like tongue whenBrin it’s •boscis. Sixty years later, Larry Page uncoils and Sergey time to sip nectar, then coils up again into developed a new internet search engine. Othera spiral not in use. The butterfly doesn’t searchwhen engines searched each webpage and sip only them nectar from flowers nourishment ranked according to how–many times a specific term appeared them, Pagefruit, and also comes from pollen,on tree sap,but rotting Brin designed their search engine to search dissolved minerals in puddles or wet sand,for or the specific term and then find out how many even an animal’s open wound. links there were that led back to that page, • Awhich butterfly can’tinhear, butsearch its eyes have 6,000 resulted a better engine. can see ultraviolet as wellthat as •lenses They that decided they neededlight, a name the colors red, green, and yellow. They taste reflected how many websites the search with theirwas feetsearching. and they smell engine Theywith tooktheir the antenname nae. of Edward Kasner’s very large number, only theylargest misspelled it slightly, it ended up being • The butterfly is the so Queen Alexandra’s spelled exactly the same way the cartoon birdwing, found on the island of New Guinea. character Barney spelled his last name. What’s Its wingspan can reach 10.5 of inches. it called? (Answer at bottom page) The species was discovered in 1906 by a collector. COMPUTER FACTS • It should come as nosaid, surprise a group of • In 1981 Bill Gates “640 that kb of memory butterflies is sometimes referred to as a flutter! ought to be enough for anybody.” • Moore’s Law states that computer performance doubles everyFOR 18 toREADING 24 months, and ever since THANKS TIDBITS! 1971, this has been true. • HP, Google, Microsoft, and Apple were all started in garages. Answer: Google, from googol.

answer

BUTTERFLIES (continued):

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Sports Answers 1. Five seasons (2012-16). 2. Minnesota, in 1956. 3. 1978-79 season. 4. 14 times.

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NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE In November, 1975, the freighter Edmund Fitzgerarld departed Superior, Wisconsin enroute to a steel mill near Detroit, carry a load of ore pellets. After being caught in a severe storm on Lake Superior the ship sank in 530-feet-deep Canadian waters. All 29 aboard perished, and their bodies were never recovered. In May, 1976, the wreckage was discovered, with the ship lying in two large pieces. The ship's bell was brought up in 1995 to be displayed in a museum. PLEASE TELL OUR ADVERTISERS YOU SAW THEIR AD IN TIDBITS!

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