Help Control Mosquitoes that Spread Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses
B ZZZ
Z.
Aside from being itchy and annoying, the bite of an infected female mosquito (Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus) can spread dengue, chikungunya, or Zika viruses. People become infected with dengue, chikungunya, or Zika after being bitten by an infected mosquito.
Put plants in soil, not in water.
•• Female mosquitoes lay several hundred eggs on the walls of waterfilled containers. Eggs stick to containers like glue and remain attached until they are scrubbed off. When water covers the eggs, they hatch and become adults in about a week. •• Adult mosquitoes live inside and outside. •• They prefer to bite during the day. •• A few infected mosquitoes can produce large outbreaks in a community and put your family at risk of becoming sick.
Drain water from pools when not in use.
Protect Yourself, Your Family, and Community from Mosquitoes
1.
Eliminate standing water in and around your home: •• Once a week, empty and scrub, turn over, cover, or throw out items that hold water, such as tires, buckets, planters, toys, pools, birdbaths, flowerpots, or trash containers. Check inside and outside your home.
Recycle used tires or keep them protected from rain.
•• Tightly cover water storage containers (buckets, cisterns, rain barrels) so that mosquitoes cannot get inside to lay eggs.
2. 3.
•• For containers without lids, use wire mesh with holes smaller than an adult mosquito.
If you have a septic tank, follow these steps: •• Repair cracks or gaps. •• Cover open vent or plumbing pipes. Use wire mesh with holes smaller than an adult mosquito.
Keep mosquitoes out of your home: •• Use screens on windows and doors. •• Repair holes in screens. •• Use air conditioning when available.
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Division of Vector-Borne Diseases CS258303
Drain & dump any standing water.
Weekly, scrub vases & containers to remove mosquito eggs.
4.
Prevent mosquito bites: •• Use an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent with one of the following active ingredients. All EPA-registered insect repellents are evaluated to make sure they are safe and effective.
Active ingredient Higher percentages of active ingredient provide longer protection
Some brand name examples*
DEET
Off!, Cutter, Sawyer, Ultrathon
Picaridin, also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin
Cutter Advanced, Skin So Soft Bug Guard Plus, Autan (outside the United States)
IR3535
Skin So Soft Bug Guard Plus Expedition, SkinSmart
Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
Keep rain barrels covered tightly.
Weekly, empty standing water from fountains and bird baths.
Repel
* Insect repellent brand names are provided for your information only. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services cannot recommend or endorse any name brand products.
-- Always follow the product label instructions. -- Reapply insect repellent every few hours, depending on which product and strength you choose.
Keep septic tanks sealed.
-- Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing. -- If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen first and insect repellent second. •• Treat clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents) with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated clothing and gear. -- Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings. See product information to find out how long the protection will last.
Install or repair window & door screens.
-- If treating items yourself, follow the product instructions carefully. -- Do not use permethrin products, intended to treat clothing, directly on skin. •• Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. For more information, visit: www.cdc.gov/dengue, www.cdc.gov/chikungunya, www.cdc.gov/zika August 2015
CDC’s Response to Zika
PROTECT YOUR FAMILY Cover up! ✔✔ Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Babies and
small children should also be dressed in clothing that covers as much of their body as possible. ✔✔ Sleep under a mosquito bed net.
Wear insect repellent
(Yes, it’s safe and it works!) ✔✔ Always follow label instructions. ✔✔ Reapply insect repellent as directed. ✔✔ Apply an Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent with one of the following active ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol. ✔✔ If you are also using sunscreen,
apply sunscreen first and insect repellent second.
Protect your baby or young child ✔✔ Always follow instructions when
applying insect repellent to children. ✔✔ Cover the crib, stroller, and baby
carrier with mosquito netting. ✔✔ Adults: Always follow label instructions. Spray insect
repellent onto your hands and then apply to a child’s face. Do not apply insect repellent to a child’s hands, mouth, cut, or irritated skin.
Use insect repellent safely ✘✘ Do not spray insect repellent on the skin under clothing.
CS 263294-A July 7, 2016
✘✘ Do not use insect repellent on babies younger than 2 months old. Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children under 3 years old.
For more information: www.cdc.gov/zika
CDC’s Response to Zika
Stop mosquito bites. Don’t stop outdoor activities. Protect yourself from Zika Zika is a disease primarily spread by mosquitoes, so if you’re outdoors, protect yourself from bites.
Know before you go Zika is not being spread in the continental United States at this time. As the mosquito season begins, find out areas where Zika is spreading: www.cdc.gov/zika/geo
What to take with you EPA - registered insect repellent (Look for these ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, OLE, or PMD) Long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Clothing and gear treated with permethrin. A tent to sleep in (if mosquitoes can get to where you’re sleeping.)
Protect yourself and your family Use insect repellent. Reapply as directed. Remember to apply sunscreen first and then insect repellent.
STOP the spread
If you have been in an area with Zika Watch for symptoms. Call your doctor immediately if you get sick. If you’ve been in an area with Zika, use insect repellent for 3 weeks after travel.
NO!
Use condoms when you have sex.
Zika symptoms Many people with Zika don’t know they have it. The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting about a week. The most common symptoms are:
Cover exposed skin when possible. If you’re camping or sleeping outside, use a tent. Dress kids in clothing that covers arms and legs.
Red eyes
Fever
Joint pain
Rash
Cover strollers and baby carriers with mosquito netting. Spray repellent onto your hands to apply to a child’s face. Don’t use repellent on babies younger than 2 months old.
nt Repelle
Do not use OLE on children under 3.
CS266248A
June 10, 2016
www.cdc.gov/zika
CDC’s Response to Zika
ZIKA: THE BASICS OF THE VIRUS AND HOW TO PROTECT AGAINST IT About Zika Zika virus spreads to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). Zika can also be passed through sex from a person who has Zika to his or her sex partners and it can be spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. People can protect themselves from mosquito bites and getting Zika through sex. This fact sheet explains who’s most affected and why, symptoms and treatment, and how to protect against Zika.
How Zika Spreads Protect yourself and your family from mosquito bites all day and night, whether you are inside or outside. A mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person already infected with Zika. That mosquito can then spread the virus by biting more people. Zika virus can also spread: • During sex with a person who has Zika to his or her sex partners. • From a pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of birth. • Through blood transfusion (likely but not confirmed).
Current Zika Outbreak Zika outbreaks are currently happening in many countries and territories. The mosquitoes that can become infected with and
Zika Symptoms
Red eyes
Fever
Joint pain
Rash
www.cdc.gov/zika CS265799A
August 12, 2016
Many people infected with Zika won’t have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms. The most common symptoms are fever, rash, joint pain, or red eyes. Other common symptoms include muscle pain and headache. Symptoms can last for several days to a week. People usually don’t get sick enough to go to the hospital, and they very rarely die of Zika. Once a person has been infected with Zika, they are likely to be protected from future infections.
spread Zika live in many parts of the world, including parts of the United States. Specific areas where Zika virus is spreading are often difficult to determine and are likely to change over time. If traveling, please visit the CDC Travelers’ Health website for the most recent travel information.
CDC’s Response to Zika
Why Zika is Risky for Some People Zika infection during pregnancy can cause fetuses to have a birth defect of the brain called microcephaly. Other problems have been detected among fetuses and infants infected with Zika virus before birth, such as defects of the eye, hearing deficits, and impaired growth. There have also been increased reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome, an uncommon sickness of the nervous system, in areas affected by Zika. Microcephaly
How to Prevent Zika There is no vaccine to prevent Zika. The best way to prevent diseases spread by mosquitoes is to protect yourself and your family from mosquito bites. Here’s how: • Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. • Stay in places with air conditioning and window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. • Take steps to control mosquitoes inside and outside your home. • Treat your clothing and gear with permethrin or buy pre-treated items. • Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents. Always follow the product label instructions. • When used as directed, these insect repellents are proven safe and effective even for pregnant and breastfeeding women. • Do not use insect repellents on babies younger than 2 months old. • Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children younger than 3 years old. • Mosquito netting can be used to cover babies younger than 2 months old in carriers, strollers, or cribs to protect them from mosquito bites. • Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors. • Prevent sexual transmission of Zika by using condoms or not having sex.
What to Do if You Have Zika There is no specific medicine to treat Zika. Treat the symptoms: • Get plenty of rest. • Drink fluids to prevent dehydration. • Take medicine such as acetaminophen to reduce fever and pain. • Do not take aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. • If you are taking medicine for another medical condition, talk to your healthcare provider before taking additional medication.
Repellent
To help prevent others from getting sick, strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during the first week of illness.
www.cdc.gov/zika
ZIKA Response from the Puerto Rico Department of Health and CDC
GUILLAIN-BARRÉ Passive Surveillance System Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare condition that affects a person’s immune system by damaging the nerves, causing muscle weakness or paralysis. Recently, countries affected by Zika virus have reported an increase in cases of GBS. The Puerto Rico Department of Health is preparing for a possible increase of patients with GBS as transmission of Zika virus increases. GBS surveillance will help to detect increases of GBS cases and guide public health officials to take quick public health action.
Does the patient have signs or symptoms consistent with GBS?
Yes
Common signs and symptoms of GBS include:
●● ●●
Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs
●● ●● ●●
Diminished or absent reflexes
Weakness or pain in the arms or the legs on both sides of the body Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Difficulty walking, speaking, chewing,
and swallowing
Order Zika, dengue, and chikungunya virus testing
Fill out the Guillain-Barré Syndrome Case Report Form Complete the form with the patient’s information, including residential address, name of the hospital and health provider, neurologic signs and symptoms, and any illnesses reported by the patient in the last 2 months.
Does the patient have signs or symptoms of another neurologic condition, such as encephalitis or myelitis, with an acute antecedent illness?
Yes
If the case is not GBS, write the name of the other neurologic condition at the top of the form.
Contact the GBS team by email at GBS@salud.pr.gov or call at 787-692-2776
Send the form AND a serum sample to the Department of Health In addition to serum, other samples can be sent for testing, including saliva, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), whole blood, and urine. If possible, samples should be collected prior to starting treatment.
For more information and to download the form, visit www.salud.gov.pr CS268812-ASeptember12,2016
CDC’s Response to Zika
PREGNANT AND LIVING IN AN AREA WITH ZIKA? What we know about Zika
What we don’t know about Zika
• Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus.
• When during pregnancy Zika might cause harm to the fetus.
• Zika infection during pregnancy can cause certain birth defects.
• How likely it is that Zika infection will affect your pregnancy.
• Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) mosquito.
• If your baby will develop birth defects from the infection.
»» Protect yourself and family from mosquito bites all day and night, whether you are inside or outside. • There is no vaccine to prevent or medicine to treat Zika. • Zika can be passed through sex from a person who has Zika to his or her partners.
Symptoms of Zika Most people with Zika won’t even know they have it. The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for several days to a week.
Red eyes
Fever
Joint pain
Rash
The most common symptoms of Zika are
• Fever • Rash • Joint Pain • Red eyes
CS263062I
August 6, 2016
CDC’s Response to Zika
CDC recommends special precautions for pregnant women and women trying to become pregnant Pregnant?
Trying to become pregnant?
Pregnant women and their partners should strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites.
Women trying to become pregnant and their partners should strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites.
Either use condoms the right way every time you have sex during your pregnancy, or do not have sex. If you develop the symptoms of Zika, see a healthcare provider right away for testing.
Talk to your healthcare provider about plans to become pregnant.
Pregnant women who live in or frequently travel to an area with Zika and do not have symptoms should be tested in the first and second trimester of pregnancy.
Your Best Protection: Prevent Mosquito Bites Clothing • Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. • Treat clothing and gear with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated items. »» Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings. See product information to learn how long the protection will last. »» If treating items yourself, follow the product instructions carefully. • Do NOT use permethrin products directly on skin. They are intended to treat clothing. Indoor Protection • Stay in places with air conditioning or that use window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. • Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors.
Repellent Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents. When used as directed, these insect repellents are safe and effective for pregnant and breastfeeding women. • Always follow the product label instructions. • Reapply as directed. • Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing. • If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen before applying insect repellent.
www.cdc.gov/zika
NO!
CDC’s Response to Zika
PREGNANT AND IN AN AREA WITH ZIKA?* WARNING: ZIKA IS LINKED TO BIRTH DEFECTS Protect Your Pregnancy From getting Zika from mosquito bites Protect Yourself from Bites Day and Night Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus bite during the day and night.
Use Insect Repellent
Repellent
It’s safe and it works! Read the label and follow the directions.
Cover Your Skin Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
Mosquito-Proof Your Home Use screens on windows and doors. Use air conditioning when available. Eliminate standing water.
From getting Zika from sex Don’t have Sex Don’t have sex during your pregnancy.
OR Use a Condom Use a condom the right way every time you have vaginal, anal, or oral sex during your pregnancy.
Talk to your Healthcare Provider If you think your partner may have or had Zika, tell your healthcare provider if you had sex without a condom.
There is No Vaccine to Prevent Zika Virus Infection For more information: www.cdc.gov/chikungunya | www.cdc.gov/dengue | www.cdc.gov/zika
*Visit www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html to see areas where Zika is spreading.
CS263975A
August 25, 2016
Keep mosquitoes out of your septic tank Mosquitoes can get inside broken or unsealed septic tanks and lay eggs. Each day thousands of mosquitoes fly out of cracked or broken septic tanks. Mosquitoes can spread viruses like Zika, dengue, West Nile, and chikungunya.
Mosquitoes may be laying eggs inside your septic tank if it is: yy Open or unsealed yy Broken with cracks or spaces between the blocks yy Missing a ventilation pipe screen cover
Mosquitoes in a septic tank
Repair broken septic tank covers
Cover ventilation pipes
Inspect and repair your septic tank to keep mosquitoes out Here’s how: yy Seal the septic tank. yy Repair cracks or gaps in the exterior walls of the septic tank using cement. yy Cover ventilation pipes with a screen mesh, repair broken pipes, and seal at the joints. yy Fill abandoned or unused septic tanks with dirt or gravel.
Septic tank ventilation pipe with screen mesh
CS250966
March 9, 2016
Septic tank with concrete cover
Septic tank sealed with PVC cap
Mosquito Control:
What You Need to Know About Filling Tree Holes Tree holes can be found in the trunk or branches of a tree and can easily fill with water. This makes them a perfect spot for mosquitoes to lay eggs. Filling tree holes is one way to help reduce mosquitoes in your yard.
How to fill a tree hole 1. Determine if the tree hole holds water and should be filled. Tree holes that do not hold water may provide nesting sites for birds or other wildlife and do not need to be filled. 2. If the tree hole holds water, fill the tree hole with expanding foam used for home insulation projects. Look for a product that is made to fill big gaps and is water resistant. Follow directions on the product label. Expandable foam is light weight, seals the hole, and keeps it from collecting water, and is flexible enough to move with the tree. You do not need to clean out the tree hole before filling.
A tree hole in the trunk of a tree.
3. If you overfill the tree hole, smooth or cut off foam overflow once it hardens.
When filling a tree hole µµDO NOT fill tree holes with gravel or sand. These materials do not prevent water from collecting in the tree and can become a safety issue if the tree is cut down.
µµDO NOT fill tree holes with concrete. Concrete is not flexible, adds weight to the tree, and can damage it.
µµDO NOT drill drain holes in the tree. This can damage the tree. Other Yard Maintenance Tips In addition to filling tree holes, follow these simple yard maintenance tips to reduce mosquitoes in your yard. Once a week, empty and scrub containers with standing water. This includes empty flower pots, bird baths, and trash containers.
Mow your lawn regularly and cut down weeds near your house.
Drain water from pools when not in use.
Keep rain barrels tightly covered.
Mosquito Control: You Have Options. Learn more: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/controlling-mosquitoes-at-home.html CS266235-F
June 30, 2016
Mosquito Control:
What You Need to Know About Truck-Mounted Spraying Mosquito control districts or local government departments track mosquito populations to learn where viruses, like Zika or West Nile, are spreading in a community. Truck-mounted spraying is one way to safely kill mosquitoes in an area, especially when people in the community are getting sick from mosquito bites.
Truck-mounted spraying is used to: Control and reduce the number of mosquitoes that can spread viruses. Reduce your chances of getting infected with viruses.
What are mosquito control trucks spraying? Mosquito control trucks spray very small amounts of insecticide into the air to kill mosquitoes. This spray is a fine mist that acts as a fogger in the area. Mosquito control districts or local government departments will choose what type of insecticide to use in an area.
What does the spray do? Adulticide sprays immediately kill flying mosquitoes. Larvicide sprays kill young mosquitoes and lasts longer than adulticide sprays. Both products will temporarily reduce mosquito populations in an area, but will not permanently get rid of them.
When does spraying occur? Spraying takes place in the early evening when mosquitoes are more active. Often, local government agencies or mosquito control districts announce the dates and times of spraying in the local newspaper, on district websites, through public service announcements, by telephone, or through door-to-door notices.
How often do communities spray? After spraying, mosquito control districts or local government departments will track mosquito populations and treat an area again as necessary to reduce the chances of people getting bitten by mosquitoes that can spread viruses.
Mosquito control truck spraying insecticide into the air Photo courtesy of Ed Freytag, City of New Orleans Mosquito & Termite Control Board
Information on Insecticides and Health: The US Environmental Protection Agency oversees the registration of these chemicals. The National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) provides information online or through a toll-free number, 1-800-858-7378. If you are experiencing health problems for any reason, see your doctor or healthcare provider.
Is the spray harmful to people or pets? You aren’t likely to breathe or touch anything that has enough insecticide on it to harm you. If you are having any type of health problems, contact your doctor or healthcare provider. The spray does not harm pets, but you may choose to bring them inside when spraying occurs.
What should I do during spraying? Spraying is safe. You do not need to leave an area when truck-mounted spraying for mosquito control takes place.
Mosquito Control: You Have Options. Learn more: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/controlling-mosquitoes-at-home.html CS266235-B
June 28, 2016
CDC’s Response to Zika
WHEN TO TEST FOR ZIKA VIRUS As a healthcare provider, you decide if a patient should be tested for Zika virus infection. The algorithm below will help you determine whether or not to test your patient for Zika virus infection. For information on which test to use, see CDC’s interim guidance.
If your patient is Red eyes
Fever
Joint pain
Rash
NO
• Experiencing or has recently experienced symptoms of Zika* • An asymptomatic pregnant woman
Ask the following questions
Does the patient live in or has the patient recently traveled to an area with Zika?
YES Test for Zika
NO
Has the patient had unprotected sex with a partner who has lived in or traveled to an area with Zika?
YES
Do Not Test for Zika *Healthcare providers should review their local and state health jurisdiction guidelines regarding testing of patients with clinically compatible illness without known travel or sexual exposures.
CDC does not recommend Zika virus testing for asymptomatic • Men • Children • Women who are not pregnant
CS268732A
August 17, 2016
CDC’s Response to Zika
ZIKA VIRUS TESTING FOR PREGNANT WOMEN LIVING IN AN AREA WITH ZIKA CDC understands that a pregnant woman may be worried and have questions about Zika virus infection (Zika) during pregnancy. Learn more about Zika virus testing for pregnant women and what you might expect if you have Zika virus during pregnancy.
How Zika spreads. A woman who lives in an area with Zika can get the virus from the bite of an infected mosquito. She can also get Zika through sex with an infected partner. For more information on transmission of Zika, visit www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission.
What CDC knows about Zika virus and pregnancy. • Zika can spread from mother to fetus during pregnancy and around the time of birth.
What CDC doesn’t yet know about Zika virus and pregnancy and is researching quickly to find out.
• Zika can cause birth defects and has been linked with other problems in infants.
If a woman is infected during pregnancy, we don’t know • How likely it is that the virus will affect her or her pregnancy. • How likely it is that the virus will be passed to the fetus. • How likely it is that the fetus, if infected, will have birth defects. • When in pregnancy the infection might harm the fetus.
www.cdc.gov/zika CS268732A
August 11, 2016
CDC’s Response to Zika Symptoms
How can a pregnant woman find out if she has Zika? • If a pregnant woman gets infected with Zika, the virus will be in her blood and urine for up to two weeks. If she gets sick with a fever, joint pain, rash, or red eyes, doctors or other healthcare providers can test small amounts of her blood and urine for Zika. • If she never feels sick, doctors can order a different test to look for evidence of Zika infection.
Red eyes
Fever
Joint pain
Rash
What do the test results mean? What happens if samples from a pregnant woman test positive? If a pregnant woman has a positive test result for Zika virus infection during pregnancy, it signals to her doctor or other healthcare provider to watch her pregnancy more closely, meaning he or she might do more ultrasounds or other tests to check the growth and development of the fetus and check for any signs of Zika infection. CDC recommends steps doctors or other healthcare provider can to care for pregnant women.
What happens if a pregnant woman’s test results are inconclusive (not positive or negative)? Sometimes, if the tests aren’t clearly positive or negative, the results are considered inconclusive. If the test results are inconclusive, the doctor may choose to follow the CDC recommendations for a positive test result, meaning he or she might do more ultrasounds or other tests to monitor the pregnancy.
What happens if a pregnant woman tests negative? Pregnant women who live in an area with Zika are at ongoing risk of catching Zika throughout their pregnancy. Therefore, CDC recommends testing at the start of prenatal care, and again during the second trimester. At any time, they feel sick with fever, rash, joint pain, or red eyes, pregnant women should see a doctor or other healthcare provider and be tested for Zika virus. CDC also recommends taking steps to prevent mosquito bites and getting Zika from sex, which include not having sex while pregnant or using condoms the right way every time during sex throughout pregnancy.
www.cdc.gov/zika
CDC’s Response to Zika
PREGNANT? READ THIS BEFORE YOU TRAVEL What we know about Zika
What we don’t know about Zika
• Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus.
• If there’s a safe time during your pregnancy to travel to an area with Zika.
• Zika infection during pregnancy can cause certain birth defects.
• If you do travel and are infected, how likely it is that the virus will infect your fetus and if your baby will have birth defects from the infection.
• Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. »» These mosquitoes are aggressive daytime biters. They can also bite at night. • There is no vaccine to prevent or medicine to treat Zika. • Zika can be passed through sex from a person who has Zika to his or her sex partners.
Symptoms of Zika Most people with Zika won’t even know they have it. The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for several days to a week. The most common symptoms of Zika are • Fever • Rash • Joint pain • Red eyes
CS263062-B
August 10, 2016
Travel Notice CDC has issued a travel notice (Level 2-Practice Enhanced Precautions) for people traveling to areas where Zika virus is spreading. • For a current list of places with Zika outbreaks, see CDC’s Travel Health Notices: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/ page/zika-travel-information • This notice follows reports in Brazil of microcephaly in babies of mothers who were infected with Zika virus while pregnant.
CDC’s Response to Zika
CDC recommends special precautions for pregnant women and women trying to become pregnant Pregnant?
Trying to become pregnant?
Pregnant women should not travel to areas with Zika.
Women trying to become pregnant and their partners should strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites.
Pregnant women and their sex partners should strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites. If you have a sex partner who lives in or travels to an area with Zika, you should use condoms the right way every time you have sex, or do not have sex during the pregnancy.
Talk to your healthcare provider about plans to become pregnant.
If you develop the symptoms of Zika, see a healthcare provider right away for testing.
Your Best Protection: Prevent Mosquito Bites Clothing • Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. • Treat clothing and gear with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated items. »» Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings. See product information to learn how long the protection will last. »» If treating items yourself, follow the product instructions carefully. • Do NOT use permethrin products directly on skin. They are intended to treat clothing. Indoor Protection • Stay in places with air conditioning or that use window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. • Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors.
Repellent Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents. When used as directed, these insect repellents are safe and effective for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
NO!
• Always follow the product label instructions. • Reapply as directed. • Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing. • If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen before applying insect repellent. • Use a repellent with one of the following active ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol.
www.cdc.gov/zika
CDC’s Response to Zika
WHAT CAN BE DONE? The Federal government is • Working with international public health partners and state health departments to: »» Alert healthcare providers and the public about Zika. »» Post travel notices and other travel-related guidance. »» Provide state health laboratories with diagnostic tests. »» Detect and report cases. »» Support mosquito control programs both in the United States and around the world. • Conducting studies to learn more about Zika virus and its effects during pregnancy and the possible associations between Zika and other outcomes like Guillain-Barré syndrome.
State and local public health agencies can • Work with CDC’s Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory and health departments with the capacity to test for Zika virus when indicated. • Report laboratory-confirmed cases to CDC through ArboNET, the national surveillance system for arboviral disease. • Participate in the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry to further understanding of Zika virus infection in pregnancy and congenital infection. • Activate or enhance mosquito surveillance and control activities to respond to local cases of Zika.
• Publishing and disseminating guidelines to healthcare providers to inform testing and treatment.
Healthcare providers can • Know the symptoms of Zika. The most common symptoms of Zika are fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes). • Ask patients about their travel history. • Contact their state and local health department to facilitate diagnostic laboratory testing. • Offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have possible exposure through travel to or residence in an area with Zika or who have had sex without a condom with a person who lives in or travels to an area with Zika. Testing should be offered between 2 and 12 weeks after pregnant women return from travel to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. • For pregnant women with recent travel to an area with Zika virus transmission and ultrasound findings of microcephaly or intracranial calcifications, consider amniocentesis. Consultation with a maternal-fetal medicine specialist should be considered. • Test for Zika virus infection in babies born to women with possible travel-associated or sexual exposure to Zika or who lived in an area with ongoing Zika virus transmission during pregnancy who were diagnosed with microcephaly or intracranial calcifications detected prenatally or at birth, or who have mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. • Manage symptoms in infants with congenital Zika virus infection and monitor the child’s development over time. CS263194-F
August 4, 2016
CDC’s Response to Zika
• Avoid travel to areas where Zika virus is spreading.
Women thinking about getting pregnant can
• If they have to travel, talk to their healthcare provider before traveling to these areas.
• Talk to their healthcare provider before traveling to areas where Zika virus is spreading.
• Strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during trips to areas with Zika.
• Strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during trips to areas with Zika.
Pregnant women can
• Use condoms the right way every time they have sex or not have sex during pregnancy with a partner who lives in or has traveled to areas with Zika.
Everyone can • Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. • Treat clothing and gear with permethrin or buy permethrin-treated items. »» Do not apply permethrin directly on skin. »» Follow instructions carefully if treating clothing yourself. »» Read product information to see how long and after how many washings protection will last.
• Stay in places with air conditioning or that use window and door screens. • Eliminate standing water in and around the home. • Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors.
• Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents. When used as directed, these repellents are proven safe and effective, even for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
NO!
»» Always follow product label instructions and reapply as directed. »» Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing. »» If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen first.
• Dress children in clothing that covers arms and legs. • Apply insect repellent to children (but not babies younger than 2 months). • Spray insect repellent on hands to apply to a child’s face. • Cover cribs, strollers, and baby carriers with mosquito netting.
www.cdc.gov/zika