A digital facsimile of Walters Ms. W.102, Book of hours
Published by: The Walters Art Museum 600 N. Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21201 http://www.thewalters.org/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode Published 2011
This document is a digital facsimile of a manuscript belonging to the Walters Art Museum, in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. It is one of a number of manuscripts that have been digitized as part of a project generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, and by an anonymous donor to the Walters Art Museum. More details about the manuscripts at the Walters can be found by visiting The Walters Art Museum's website www.thewalters.org. For further information about this book, and online resources for Walters manuscripts, please contact us through the Walters Website by email, and ask for your message to be directed to the Department of Manuscripts.
Shelf mark
Walters Art Museum Ms. W.102
Descriptive Title
Book of hours
Text title
Book of hours
Abstract
This finely illuminated and iconographically rich book of hours was made in England at the end of the thirteenth century. The manuscript is incomplete and misbound. Its main artist can also be found at work in a Bible (Oxford, Bodleian Library Ms. Auct. D.3.2) and a psalter (Cambridge, Trinity College Cambridge Ms. O.4.16). The manuscript contains a number of unusual texts, including the Hours of Jesus Crucified and the Office of St. Catherine. The patron of the manuscript is not clear; a woman is depicted as praying in many of the initials, but rubrics in the Office of the Dead mention "freres" (brothers). The imagery is inventive, and the Hours of Christ Crucified are graced with images depicting the funeral of Reynard the Fox in its margins. In the absence of a calendar, it is not possible to locate the origin of the manuscript precisely.
Date
Ca. 1300 CE
Origin
England
Form
Book
Genre
Devotional
Language
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is French, Old (842ca.1400).
Support material
Parchment Medium-weight parchment
Extent
Foliation: ii+104+i Nineteenth-century pen foliation in upper right corners of rectos (followed here); second flyleaf foliated as fol. 1, with foliation consequently ending at fol. 105; twentieth-century foliation in pencil in lower left corners of rectos
Collation
Formula: Undetermined
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Catchwords: Occasionally found on versos of the last folios of quires in the bottom right margins Comments: Binding too tight to reconstruct the original arrangement of quires Dimensions
18.7 cm wide by 26.7 cm high
Written surface
12.2 cm wide by 17.0 cm high
Layout
Columns: 1 Ruled lines: 19
Contents
fols. 2r - 105v: Title: Book of hours Text note: The original sequence of the parts of this manuscript cannot be reconstructed with certainty. The Abbreviated Hours were followed by the Hours of the Holy Spirit, the Seven Penitential Psalms, the litany and collects, the Fifteen Gradual Psalms, the Office of the Dead, and the Hours of Jesus Crucified. Whether the Prayers to the Crucified Christ, which were followed by the lections in the life of St. Catharine, came before or after this sequence is an unanswered question. Hand note: Written in Gothic bookhand (textura semiquadrata) Decoration note: One half-page line drawing; thirtytwo historiated initials; minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia fols. 2r - 3v; 73v - 84v: Title: Hours of Jesus Crucified Rubric: Si commence les hures de Iesu crucifie les queles si hume die chescun iur e pense de sa passiun ke il suffri a cheun hure il ne murra mie de male mort Incipit: Gracias tibi ago domine Iesu Chisti cuius gratia (fol. 73v) Contents: Text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 73v-84v, 2r-3v Decoration note: Eight historiated initials; minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia
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fols. 4r - 12r: Title: Prayers to the Crucified Christ Rubric: Ci commence le preface avant remembre Incipit: In nomine domini omne genuflectatur celestium Decoration note: Nine historiated initials; numerous minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia fols. 12v - 15v; 94r - 105v: Title: Lections in the life of St. Catharine, canonical hours in her honor, and miscellaneous prayers Rubric: De Seint Katerine a vespres les psaumes feriale Incipit: Ave virginum gemma Katerina flos Decoration note: One half-page line drawing; one historiated initial; line fillers; marginalia fols. 16r - 16v; 86r - 86v; 87r - 90v; 91r - 91v; 92r - 93v: Title: Hours of the Virgin Incipit: ... letentur celi et exultet terra Contents: Incomplete; text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 87r-90v, 92r-93v, 86r-v, 16r-v, 91r-v Text note: Use of Rome Decoration note: Three historiated initials; numerous minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia fols. 17r - 21v: Title: Abbreviated Hours Incipit: Dixit autem Maria ad angelum Contents: Incomplete Text note: Augustinian Use Decoration note: Minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia fols. 21v - 26v; 35r - 35v; 41r - 43r; 85r - 85v: Title: Hours of the Holy Spirit Rubric: Ci commencent les Hures del Seint Espirit Incipit: Sanctus Spiritus assit nobis gratia Contents: Incomplete; text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 21v-26v, 85r-v, 35r-v, 41r-43r Decoration note: Seven historiated initials; numerous minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia
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fols. 27r - 27v; 40r - 40v; 43r - 48v: Title: Seven Penitential Psalms Rubric: Ci commencent les Set Psaumes Incipit: Ne reminiscaris (fol. 43r) Text note: Text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 43r-48v, 40r-v, 27r-v Decoration note: One historiated initial; minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia fols. 28r - 30v; 36r - 38v: Title: Litany and collects Incipit: Kyrieleison Text note: Franciscan adaptation of the Roman litany Decoration note: Minor decorated initials; historiated line fillers; marginalia fols. 31r - 34v; 39r - 39v; 49r - 51r: Title: Fifteen Gradual Psalms Rubric: Ci commencent les Quinze Psaumes Penitenciales Incipit: Ad dominum cum tribulare clamavi (fol. 39r) Contents: Text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 39r-v, 31r-34v, 49r-51r Decoration note: Minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia fols. 51r - 73r: Title: Office of the Dead Rubric: Ci commence le Office pur les Morz Incipit: Legem [sic] cui omnia vivunt, Venite adoremus Text note: Use of Rome Decoration note: Three historiated initials; line fillers; marginalia Decoration
fol. 2r: Title: Initial "D" with Tree of Jesse Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified: compline fol. 4r: Title: Initial "V" with Crucifixion Form: Historiated initial "V," 5 lines
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Text: Prayers to the Crucified Christ fol. 5r: Title: Initial "D" with Carrying of the Cross Form: Historiated initial "D," 5 lines Text: Prayers to the Crucified Christ fol. 6r: Title: Initial "D" with Crucifixion Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Text: Prayers to the Crucified Christ fol. 6v: Title: Initial "D" with Trinity (throne of mercy) Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Text: Prayers to the Crucified Christ fol. 7v: Title: Three Marys at the sepulcher Form: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines Text: Prayers to the Crucified Christ fol. 8r: Title: Harrowing of hell Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Text: Prayers to the Crucified Christ fol. 9r: Title: Joseph and Mary before Christ in the Temple Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Text: Prayers to the Crucified Christ fol. 10v: Title: King David before God, pointing to his tongue Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Text: Prayer (Psalm 38) fol. 12r: Title: Kneeling woman before Christ-Logos Form: Historiated initial "C," 6 lines Text: Prayer for the priest before mass fol. 13v: Title: Learned doctors of Alexandria before Emperor Maxentius
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Form: Historiated initial "M," 6 lines Text: Lections in the life of St. Catherine: first lesson fol. 16r: Title: Woman kneeling in prayer at an altar Form: Historiated initial "D," 4 lines Text: Hours of the Virgin: sext fol. 22r: Title: Two tonsured men singing from a book before an altar Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Text: Hours of the Holy Spirit: matins fol. 28r: Title: Elephant and castle Form: Line filler Text: Litany fol. 28v: Title: Adam Form: Line filler Text: Litany fol. 29r: Title: Head of Christ; St. Stephen playing chess Form: Line filler Text: Litany fol. 29v: Title: Romulus and Remus; ape riding a bear Form: Line fillers Text: Litany fol. 30v: Title: St. Margaret swallowed by a dragon Form: Line filler Text: Litany fol. 33v: Title: Scribal error corrected Form: Marginalia Text: Fifteen Gradual Psalms
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fol. 35v: Title: Woman praying Form: Historiated initial "D," 3 lines Text: Hours of the Holy Spirit: vespers fol. 39r: Title: Decapitation of a man Form: Historiated initial "A," 7 lines Text: Fifteen Gradual Psalms fol. 39v: Title: Scribal error corrected Form: Marginalia Text: Fifteen Gradual Psalms fol. 42r: Title: Woman praying Form: Historiated initial "D," 3 lines Text: Hours of the Holy Spirit: compline fol. 43r: Title: Christ with a cleric holding a book Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Text: Seven Penitential Psalms fol. 51r: Title: Two monks chanting Form: Historiated initial "V," 3 lines Text: Office of the Dead: matins fol. 55r: Title: Funeral service Form: Historiated initial "P," 5 lines Text: Office of the Dead: matins and lauds fol. 70r: Title: Two men kneeling in prayer Form: Historiated initial "D," 4 lines Text: Office of the Dead: vespers fol. 73r: Title: Sheep ringing bells, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia
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Text: Office of the Dead fol. 73v: Title: Betrayal; elephant as a pilgrim, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified: matins fol. 74r: Title: Flagellation; bull blowing a horn, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified: lauds fol. 74v: Title: Horse playing a flute and drum, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 75r: Title: Ass playing a recorder and bell, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 75v: Title: Dog playing bagpipes, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 76r: Title: Christ Carrying the Cross; ape family, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified: prime fol. 76v: Title: Brechimer the Stag carrying the back of Renard the Fox's bier, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia
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Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 77r: Title: Tibert the Cat carrying the front of Renard the Fox's bier, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 77v: Title: Crucifixion; Chanticleer the Cock swinging a censer, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified: terce fol. 78r: Title: Ysengrin the Wolf as a bishop, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 78v: Title: Cat beating a cymbal, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 79r: Title: Goat carrying a crucifix, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 79v: Title: Deposition; bear blowing a horn, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified: sext fol. 80r: Title: Ram, with situla, sprinkling holy water with an aspergillum, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox
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Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 80v: Title: Boar digging a grave, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 81r: Title: Rabbit tolling church bells, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 81v: Title: Entombment; marginal figure in combat Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines; marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified: none fol. 82r: Title: Naked marginal figure in combat Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 82v: Title: Centaur firing an arrow Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 83r: Title: Wrestlers Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 83v: Title: Grotesque Form: Marginalia Text: Hours of Jesus Crucified fol. 85v: Title: Woman praying Form: Historiated initial "D," 3 lines Text: Hours of the Holy Spirit: none
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fol. 88v: Title: Woman praying Form: Historiated initial "D," 4 lines Text: Hours of the Virgin: prime fol. 92v: Title: Woman praying Form: Historiated initial "D," 4 lines Text: Hours of the Virgin: terce fol. 105v: Title: Martyrdom of St. Lawrence Form: Half-page line drawing Text: Miscellaneous prayers Binding
The binding is not original. Early twentieth-century worn red velvet over pasteboard
Provenance
Created in England, ca. 1300, for an unknown patron Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased ca. 1930
Acquisition
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
Bibliography
De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, no. 169, p. 784. Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949, p. 56, no. 153. Brieger, Peter H. English Art 1216-1307. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957, p. 222. Diringer, David. The Illuminated Philosophical Library, 1957, p. 273.
Book.
London:
McCulloch, Florence. "The Funeral of Renart the Fox in a Walters Book of Hours." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 25-26 (1962-1963): 8-27. Randall, L. M. C. "Humor and Fantasy in the Margins of an English Book of Hours." Apollo 58 (1966): 482-488.
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Sandler, Lucy Freeman, and J. J. G. Alexander. A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles. Gothic Manuscripts 1285-1385. Vol. 5. London: Harvey Miller, 1986, pp. 24-26, no. 15. Alexander, J. J. G., and Paul Binski, eds. Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England 1200-1400. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1987, pp. 356-357, no. 359. Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. New York: George Braziller, 1988, pp. 102, 221-222. Camille, Michael. Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art. London: Reaktion; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992, pp. 23-30. Mellinkoff, Ruth. Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages. Vol. 2. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1993, no. IX.3. Varty, Kenneth. Reynard, Renart, Reinart: And Other Foxes in Medieval England. Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press; London: Eurospan, 1999, p. 141. Contributors
Principal catalogers: Noel, William; Smith, Kathryn Cataloger: Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934 Editors: Herbert, Lynley; Noel, William Copy editor: Bockrath, Diane Conservators: Owen, Linda; Quandt, Abigail Contributors: Bockrath, Diane; Dutschke, Consuelo; Emery, Doug; Noel, William; Tabritha, Ariel; Toth, Michael B.
Generated: 2012-11-01 12:23 -04:00
This document is a digital facsimile of a manuscript belonging to the Walters Art Museum, in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. It is one of a number of manuscripts that have been digitized as part of a project generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, and by an anonymous donor to the Walters Art Museum. More details about the manuscripts at the Walters can be found by visiting The Walters Art Museum's website www.thewalters.org. For further information about this book, and online resources for Walters manuscripts, please contact us through the Walters Website by email, and ask for your message to be directed to the Department of Manuscripts.
The Walters Art Museum 600 N. Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201 http://www.thewalters.org/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode Published 2009