The Review, December 2014 by Gloria Loughry

DECEMBER 2014 • VOL 12, ISSUE 12 THANKS TO OUR ADVERTISERS, IT’S STILL…

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Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa C laus!

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“

s There a Santa Claus?” was the headline that appeared over an editorial in the September 20, 1897 edition of the New York Sun. The editorial, which included the response of “Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus”, has become an indelible part of popular Christmas lore in the United States.

ing to many people who read it. More than a century later it remains the most reprinted editorial ever to run in any newspaper in the English language. In 1972, after seeing Virginia O’Hanlon’s obituary in the New York Times, four friends formed a company called Elizabeth Press and published a children’s book titled Yes, Virginia that illustrated the editorial and included a brief history of the main characters. The book’s creators took the book to Warner Brothers who eventually did the Emmy award-winning Television show based on the editorial. The History Channel, in a special that aired on February 21, 2001, noted that Virginia gave the original letter to a granddaughter, who pasted it in a scrapbook. It was feared that the letter was destroyed in a house fire, but thirty years after the

History In 1897, Dr. Philip O’Hanlon, a coroner’s assistant on Manhattan’s Upper West Side, was asked by his then eight-year-old daughter, Virginia (1889–1971), whether Santa Claus really existed. Virginia had begun to doubt there was a Santa Claus, because her friends had told her that he did not exist. Dr. O’Hanlon suggested she write to the New York Sun, a prominent New York City newspaper at the time, assuring her that “If you see it in The Sun, it is so.” While he may have been passing the buck, he unwittingly gave one of the paper’s editors, Francis Pharcellus Church, an opportunity to rise above the simple question, and address the philosophical issues behind it. Church was a war correspondent during the American Civil War, a time which saw great suffering and a corresponding lack of hope and faith in much of society. Although the paper ran the editorial in the seventh place on the editorial page, below even an editorial on the newly invented “chainless bicycle”, its message was very mov-

fire, it was discovered intact. Some people have questioned the veracity of the letter’s authorship, expressing doubt that a young girl such as Virginia would refer to children her own age as “my little friends”. However, the original copy of the letter appeared and was authenticated by an appraiser on the Antiques Roadshow in 1998. Its value was appraised by Kathleen Guzman, formerly of Christie’s—now with PBS’ Antiques Roadshow—at approximately $50,000. SANtA—cont’d on page 2

SANtA—cont’d from page 1

Interestingly enough, when the editorial is reproduced today, it often omits more than half of Church’s original response. One paragraph that is not often repeated begins, “Not believe in Santa Claus! You might as well not believe in fairies.” Virginia O’Hanlon’s full name is Laura Virginia O’Hanlon Douglas. She was born on July 20, 1889 in Manhattan, New York. She was married to Edward Douglas and was listed as divorced in the 1930 United States Census. Her marriage to Douglas was brief and ended with him deserting her shortly before their child, Laura, was born. Virginia received her Bachelor of Arts from Hunter College in 1910; a Master’s degree in Education from Columbia University in 1912, and a doctorate from

References in popular culture

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• The Dresden Dolls used Yes, Virginia... as the title of their second album. The story of Virginia and the New York Sun article is also referenced by the track “Mrs. O”. The Dresden Doll’s 2008 compilation album, No, Virginia… featured a dead Santa Claus on the cover as a humorous reference to its namesake. • Weird Al Yankovic used the line “Yes, Virginia, now Santa’s doing time” in his Christmas parody, “The Night Santa Went Crazy”. These lyrics were changed to “Yes, Virginia, now Santa Claus is dead” for the “Extra Gory Version”. • In Season 1 Episode 5 of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Detective Munch expounds “Yes, Santa, there is a Virginia” when the missing per- Francis pharcellus Church, writer of son of interest Virginia Hayes is found in Grand the famous editorial, Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. Central Station. this image is in the public domain because its • In the TV show Veronica Mars, the tenth episode copyright has expired. of the first season ends with the line “No Veronica, there is no Santa Claus” • In his book Liberwocky, Victor Gold includes a parody of the editorial, listing reasons why Santa Claus is “wanted” by the U.S. government. • Season 4 episode 14 of Hercules: the Legendary Journeys, is an episode titled “Yes Virginia, there is a Hercules”. At the end of this episode it is revealed that Kevin Sorbo (the actor who portrays Hercules in the show) is in fact Hercules, and exists in the present day. • In Season 2 Episode 13 (“Strangled”) of “Crossing Jordan,” Dr. DU Nigel Townsand, crimiCONSTRRUING C nologist, exclaims: T IO N PARK AND ENTER “Yes, Virginia, there is IN BACK O a Santa Claus!” after he F STORE hears some good news. • In 1950 Wolcott Gibbs of The New Yorker wrote a satirical version of the Church letter, parodying the style of Westbrook Pegler, and depicting Santa Claus as an old communist and union racketeer also known as Comrade Jelly Belly.

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Fordham University. Virginia was a school teacher in the New York City School system. She started her career as an educator in 1912, became a junior principal in 1935, and retired in 1959. Virginia died on May 13, 1971 in a nursing home in Valatie, New York. She is buried at the Chatham Rural Cemetery in Chatham, New York. Every year, Virginia’s letter and Church’s response are read at the Yule Log ceremony at Church’s alma mater, Columbia College of Columbia University. The story of Virginia’s inquiry and the Sun’s response was adapted into an Emmy Award-winning animated television special in 1974, animated by Bill Meléndez (best known for his work on the various Peanuts specials) and featuring the voices of Jim Backus and Jimmy Osmond, and in 1991 it was adapted into a made-for-TV movie with Ed Asner and Charles Bronson. In New York City, local television journalist Gabe Pressman has recounted the story each Christmas for the past thirty years. Virginia O’Hanlon received a steady stream of mail about her letter throughout her life. She would include a copy of the editorial in her replies. In an interview later in life, she credited the editorial with shaping the direction of her life quite positively.

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Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_ Santa_Claus” All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity.

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WHAT’S HAPPENING

IN THIS ISSUE The Review — December 2014, Vol. 12, Issue 12

On the Cover

Merry Christmas!! 3 What’s Happening Around Town 4 Over the Garden Gate By Cheryl Spaulding

4 Stepping Stones By Pat Stepp

From Cradle to Grave By Karen Johnson

10 Religion: A Light of Illumination

By Lori Anderson

11 Restaurant Review: Tapas, Martinis & Wine, Longview

By Diva Gastronomique

5 Insects: New Habitats 12 Birds Galore By Nora Garofoli

8 SW Washington History: Cedar:

By Norma Brunson, Photos By Doug Schurman

WHAT’S HAPPENING Women AGLOW Meet in Vancouver AGLOW International (formerly Women’s Aglow) will meet Monday, December 1, 6:00 p.m. for fellowship, and a 7:00 p.m. speaker at Shiloh Fellowship, 10709 SE 10th St., Vancouver. Speaker Dr. Cyndi Romine, a minister of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, shares her message of hope, joy, and deliverance. She has taken the Gospel and mission teams to six continents over the last 31 years. For information, call (360) 694-6914. Books! Come and stock up for the winter! Friends of the Library—Kalama will have their book sale on Friday, December 12th from 9–4:30 in the city hall council chambers located at 312 N 1st Street in Kalama. Paperbacks are 50 cents, hardbacks are one dollar. There will be many children books and special books for the holiday season. Christmas in Kalama—Dec 5th, 6th, 7th, 2014 Friday December 5th: Tree Lighting and Caroling— Toteff Park, 6:00pm; Boy Scouts Christmas Tree Sales Begin @ TLC Laundromat & Deli; And, yes, there will be a parade! The Parents of the Class of 2015 have agreed to a Christmas Parade, 6 p.m., Friday night, Dec. 5th, at First St. Parade starts at Columbia Inn. (For parade info contact: Kristina Bills 673-3371) Saturday Dec 6th: Walk & Knock for Helping Hands— Kalama; Swedish Pancake Breakfast $6, Bake Sale, 8:00 a.m.; Polar Express Train Show, Santa’s Workshop Activities 8–4:00 p.m.; FOLK Story Telling, 10–4:00 p.m.; SANTA free photo, gift & candy cane 10–4:00 p.m., Kalama Community Building. Sunday Dec 7th: Annual Turkey Community Dinner, $6.50 (8 & under free!). Gifts, Music, Entertainment! SANTA photo & free gift for kids. Kalama Elementary School, 5:00 p.m. Kalama Tour of Homes Celebrates the Holidays The GFWC Amalak Christmas Tour of Homes, Thursday, December 11th from Noon to 9 p.m. in Kalama, WA. Four properties will be featured this year. The first house used to be the Kalama Hospital and is now converted into a warm and happy home filled with memories of many genera-

tions. The second is a new, contemporary house decorated from top to bottom. Drawing on her formal upbringing on the East Coast, our third homeowner has adorned her home with family heirlooms and antiques reminiscent of a Victorian holiday. Our final property is the historic St. Joseph’s Catholic Church, a landmark in Kalama for over 100 years. Drivers will chauffeur guests to each home and deliver them back to our starting point. The Tour begins at Hendrickson’s Mall on Main Street in Kalama where guests are invited to shop the holiday bazaar and bake sale for last minute items. Tickets are $8 each and can be purchased at the Hendrickson Mall on the day of the Tour. Bazaar tables are still available, please call Lois at 360-673-2281 for bazaar reservations or call Carol at 360-673-2020 for Tour information. Boating Certificate Classes Offered The Cowlitz County Sheriff’s Office Marine Division will be hosting another free Adventures in Boating certification course Dec. 13, 2014 from 8 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Classes are open to any individual who needs to obtain a Washington State Boaters Education Card. Classes will be held at the Cowlitz County Search and Rescue Building, 1800 Western Lane in Kelso. To Register contact Deputy Jordan Spencer at 360-5773092 or by email at spencerj@co.cowlitz.wa.us. Registration deadline is Dec. 10th. This one-day class will certify you to operate a vessel in the state of Washington. Reminder: All vessel operators age 59 and younger must have a Washington Boaters Education Card to operate a vessel in Washington State. For additional information and resources, click on www.boatered.org. Arts commission seeks artists, works to mount 2015 exhibitions The Clark County Arts Commission is seeking artists who create two-dimensional pieces and are interested in exhibiting

Circulation approx. 15,000 throughout Woodland, Kalama, Ridgefield, La Center, Cougar, Amboy, Yale, Fargher Lake, Battle Ground, Vancouver, and Kelso/Longview). Published monthly on the first of the month with Special Editions each year. Owner, Publisher, Editor: Gloria Loughry; Advertising Sales: Gloria Loughry, Cheryl Spaulding; Columnists/Guest Writers/Invaluable Helpers: Lori Anderson, Norma Brunson, Nora Garofoli, Tony & Cheryl Spaulding, Pat Stepp, Matt Coffey, Karen Johnson, and Guest Contributors; Printed by: The Gresham Outlook

La Center and Woodland Libraries Now Offer Weekly Family Story Times Both La Center Community Library and Woodland Community Library have added sessions “for children of all ages” to their weekly lineup of story-time programs, with a choice of evening or morning programs for families able to visit either location: La Center Family Story Time Thursdays – 6:30-7:30 p.m. Woodland Family Story Time Fridays – 10:00-11:00 a.m. (Contact your local Help Wanted library for information about holiday hours.) JOURNEYMAN Looking for an experienced The hour-long programs journeyman-level automotive include engaging readtechnician for an open posialoud tales from books that tion in a highly recognized authe whole family can enjoy, WhAt’S hAPPENiNg— cont’d on page 5

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ANNOUNCEMENTS ANNOUNCEMENTS

ALL REAL ESTATE advertised in this newspaper is subject to the Federal Fair Housing Act of 1978, which makes it illegal to advertise “any preference, limitation or discrimination based on race, sex, or national origin, or an intention to make any such preference, limitation or discrimination”. The Review will not knowingly accept any advertising for real estate which is in violation of the law. All dwellings advertised in this newspaper are available on an equal opportunity basis. To complain of discrimination, call HUD toll free at 1-800-424-8590.

PRAYER WARRIOR will pray for you. Give me a call if you have a need. 360-567-5146.

Unsolicited photographs and manuscripts are welcomed, but will only be returned if accompanied by a selfaddressed, stamped envelope. The publisher does not assume and disclaims any liability to any party for any loss or damage caused by error or omission in this publication. Reproduction is not allowed without written permission from the publisher. All material herein is copyrighted and may not be republished or distributed in any form whatsoever without express permission from the Publisher.

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their works next year in the Sixth Floor Gallery at the Public Service Center, 1300 Franklin St. Artists can propose a solo exhibition of 20–24 pieces or share an exhibit with another artist and each show 10–12 pieces. Interested artists should send four representative JPEG images to sixthfloorgallery@clarkcountyartscommission. org. Submission deadline for jurying is 5 p.m. Tuesday, Dec. 23.

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A Breath P

lants not only bring beauty into your home they can also make you healthier as well. Research is showing the air in your home maybe even more polluted than the air we breath outside. I know, it’s hard to believe but inside the home we are surrounded by toxins emitted by the manmade elements with which we surround ourselves. And research has shown that ozone, the main element of smog, By Cheryl Spaulding oddly enough also filters into the home. And just because the air inside your home smells clean that doesn’t always mean it is clean. Hello! Perfumed sprays, air fresheners and cleaning products… you are simply masking the smells. Enter house plants! It’s been proven house plants actually reduce ozone and other toxins from the air in your home. When you bring houseplants into your home, you’re not just adding beauty. Plants are living organisms that interact with our body, mind and home in ways that enhance the quality of our lives. When you breathe, your body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. During photosynthesis, (the process whereby plants convert light energy to chemical energy and store it as sugar) plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This makes plants and people natural partners. Adding plants to interior spaces can increase oxygen levels. At night, when photosynthesis ceases, plants typically respire like humans, absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. A few plants, orchids, succulents and epiphytic bromeliads however do just the opposite, taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Place these plants in your bedrooms to refresh air during the night. Plants also release moisture, which increases humidity of the air around them. Plants release roughly 97 percent of the water they take in. Group several plants together, and you can increase the humidity of a room, which helps keeps respiratory illnesses at bay. Research has shown that using plants in interior spaces decreases the incidence of dry skin, colds, sore throats and dry coughs. Also by grouping several house plants together you create a natural and favorable environment for the plants. Some of the best plants for growing indoor :

of Fresh Air

Garden Gate

1. Spider plant—purifies air rapidly, removes formaldehyde 2. Dragon tree—purifies air, removes formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylene 3. Gerbera daisy—releases oxygen at night; purifies air by removing benzene and trichloroethylene. Place in bedrooms to refresh nighttime air or living spaces. 4. English ivy—removes benzene from air bedrooms or home office 5. Boston fern—humidifies air (note that dry winter air inside the home can quickly kill Boston ferns; mist plants daily for best results) 6. Philodendron—purifies air, removes formaldehyde emitted from new floors, walls, carpets… 7. Snake plant—purifies air, removes formaldehyde and nitrogen oxide produced by fuel-burning appliances in kitchens and rooms with wood stoves. 8. Peace lily—Removes mold from bathrooms or damp areas of the home. But that being said these plants can do more for you than just make you feel mentally and physically better. They can also beautify the home as well. It’s easy to surround yourself with enough greenery to make you think you are living in jungle (watch out for low flying parrots!), but remember plants don’t take care of themselves. Think of them in the same light as you would a pet. You wouldn’t leave a dog or cat to fend for itself, finding its own food and water inside your home. Well, the same goes for houseplants. They, too, need you to provide proper food, water and enough sunlight to live. If you are a beginner here are some of the best plants to get started with:

Stepping Stones

“I wonder as I wonder out under the sky Why Jesus my Savior did come for to die.” I do wonder why Jesus had to BY PAT STEPP © Copyright 2013/2014 die. There are many other things I wonder about, personally. I wonder why my mother died so young and why my helpmate died before our planned retirement to the beach. I am in a constant state of wonder as I reinvent myself, yet again. “For poor ordinary people like you and like I.” I am “ordinary people”, a blessed child of the living God and I praise Him that I can still sing His praises, now as an elder. I always wanted to sing with a big choir, but I had to move to the city to realize that dream. I now sing with three choirs. “I wonder as I wander out under the sky. When Mary birthed Jesus ’twas in a cow’s stall” What is the true meaning of Christmas? Is it the celebration of Christ’s birth? If he had come to Earth this century,would he still have been born in such lowly estate? I believe so. He came to save all of us, rich and poor. “With wisemen and shepherds and farmers and all” Wise men (and women) still follow him today and keep Christmas in celebration of his birth amid America’s cultural distortions. He was, originally, “the reason for the season”. St. Nicholas came much later. (Jesus does not leave coal in the stockings of bad little children.) “And high from God’s heaven a star’s light did fall” Christmas is about illumination. God still shines His star’s light on the modern world. We still light candles on Christmas Eve as we sing the familiar carols of childhood. “And the promise of ages it soon did recall” I do recall the wonder with which I sang this song for the first time one Christmas Eve long ago, acknowledging the birth of the long-awaited Messiah. “If Jesus had wanted for any wee thing” Think of the power He was born with as the Son of God. Why was that tiny babe destined to die for our sins? “A star in the sky or a bird on the wing” It is said that the white dove is the symbol of the Holy Spirit that He left us when He was taken up. “Or all of God’s angels in heav’n for to sing” What beautiful song did the angels sing that night? “He surely could have had it,’cause He was the King.” “I wonder as I wander out under the sky.” Here on Earth we sometimes get glimpses of Heaven. I see a sparkling light when we are singing the “Hallejulah Chorus “ in the oratorio, “Messiah”, by Handel during rehearsal. Practicing the whole piece feels like we singing in an choir of angels. May you experience the wonder of Christ’s birth as you wander under the sky. 1. Golden Pothos Vine 4. Rubber Tree Plant 2. Spider Plant 5. Succulents and cacti 3. Snake Plant (also known as Mother6. Lucky Bamboo In-Law’s Tongue) These plants are all easy to grow and can easily withstand erratic watering schedules, bad lighting and uneven temperatures. For the more experienced house grower the following can be fun to try your hand at: 1. Orchids 2. African violets 3. Insect eating plants-hardy and tropical pitcher plants, sundew, Venus Flytrap. (Insect eating plants are fun for small children. And just think, no more fruit flies!) Plants can create a peaceful, comfortable indoor environment and promote a cheerful mood. And in todays fast moving world who doesn’t need that. Plants also make good gifts if you take the time to match the plant with the recipient of the gift.

—Happy Gardening! 4 • the review • DeCember 2014

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den Insect ar s G

predatory and only bother vegetation such as our flowers or crops if they aren’t finding their first choice of foods, other small insects. The roly-poly pillbugs and sowbugs that scurry away and don’t appreciate my garden remodeling are mainly interested in all the decaying matter as a food source. They too only eat our favored items when there is little else for them. I am just as anxious as all these insects to get this project done so that everything can settle back down until spring or even late winter when I will disturb them a bit with my early planting. It will be interesting to see who I disturb then. It will be a whole new world for all the little critters out there when I’m done. There will be many new spaces and plants for all my little garden buddies.

’ve done it again, disturbed vast amounts of garden habitat without notifying the residents or filing the necessary forms. That’s what the little critters are thinking I o vLI imagine as I work. ST K o OR n O ow andGL YA OF Various little garden resiND AR PHOTO S BY NORA dents are scurrying away from my shovel, hammer and gloved hands as fast as they can. Even when I try to scoop them up to move them to a safer zone they just don’t understand that I am trying to help them and hurry away all the faster. I have been rebuilding almost all of my raised garden beds and even changing the layout a bit. Many of the boards the beds were made of were becoming quite rotten. I made a new layout that will increase the square footage of the beds and decrease the number of paths so I will have more garden space to grow things. Of course that also means I will have more places to observe all the little critters who like to live in and work in the garden. I often call my garden my laboratory just for fun, but I have learned and seen a lot of natural history out there. Within all those old rotten boards are many little neighborhoods of some of these small garden residents. I am seeing what seems like many new to me varieties of rock centipedes or maybe it is different stages of a few varieties. There are also the usual groups of pillbugs and sowbugs. They are also present in a range of ages. I even saw a few of the red colored spiders who tend to hunt the sowbugs and pillbugs, known as the Woodlouse Spider. They like these dark spaces because they are night time hunters. There were plenty of worms and even a few night crawler worms which I found when I had to move large portions of some of the dirt from the garden beds. I often tried to gently scoop up the agitated little stone centipedes with a load of dirt as I worked so as to move them to their new home. I hope they settle into their new space without too much trauma. The rotting boards with other residents were often gently moved and laid near or on the new beds so the inhabitants could climb out at their leisure or more likely when they felt it was safe and find a new home nearby. The boards are very well used up and moist so I can see why these kinds of critters live in them. Not only are there a lot of nooks and crevices to hide or rest in there are also many more possible food items, such as other insects or decaying matter depending on what their food preferences happen to be. Most of the insects I am seeing are in the predatory group. All the soil centipedes and stone centipedes are hunters of small insects. Even the few earwigs I saw are mainly

Changes In Habitat

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TOP:

There were quite a few of these long, slender stone centipedes that I disturbed while working and removing old boards from the garden beds. They are a bit different from the bigger variety I often see in the garden. MIDDLE: This type of stone centipede is about one and one to two inches long and much more robust than the new variety I saw during my garden remodeling. They can inflict quite a painful bite, but only as a very last resort. BOTTOM: The little sowbugs and pillbugs I disturbed seemed to be hunkered down for the winter or at least that cold day. They didn’t scurry away from the light like usual during this quick photo session. They really like the moist old boards I had to remove.

Celebrate! THE MAGIC OF THE

SEASON

Browse our beautiful selection of extra-ordinary gifts, decor, and decorating ideas! Our trees are covered with ornaments to enjoy and treasure for generations to come!

WhAt’S hAPPENiNg—cont’d from page 3

plus activities such as crafts related to the story theme. Library programs are open to all, and there’s never a fee to attend. Library cards are free to everyone who lives within the library district. For more information, check the online calendar listings at the library district’s website, www.fvrl.org.

DeCember 2014 • the review • 5

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From The Sun, New York, NY, 1897 We take pleasure in answering thus prominently the communication below, expressing at the same time our great gratification that its faithful author is numbered among the friends of The Sun: Dear Editor— I am 8 years old. Some of my little friends say there is no Santa Claus. Papa says, “If you see it in The Sun, it’s so.” Please tell me the truth, is there a Santa Claus?

Floral Effects

—Virginia O’Hanlon

IRGINIA, your little friends are wrong. They have been affected by the skepticism of a skeptical age. They do not believe except they see. They think that nothing can be which is not comprehensible by their little minds. All minds, Virginia, whether they be men’s or children’s, are little. In this great 360 673-3552 universe of ours, man is a mere insect, an ant, in his 124 N. 1ST ST. • KALAMA, WA FLORALEFFECTSKALAMA.COM intellect as compared with the FLOWERS & GIFTS boundless world about him, as measured by the intelligence capable of grasping the whole FROM ALL OF US TO ALL OF YOU… of truth and knowledge. Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love and generosity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and give to your 1365 Lewis River Road • Woodland,WA 98674 life its highest beauty and joy. 360 225-9478 Alas! how dreary would be the

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world if there were no Santa Claus! It would be as dreary as if there were no Virginias. There would be no childlike faith then, no poetry, no romance to make tolerable this existence. We should have no enjoyment, except in sense and sight. The eternal light with which childhood fills the world would be extinguished.

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Nobody sees Santa Claus, but that is no sign that there is no Santa Claus. The most real things in the world are those that neither children nor men can see. Did you ever see fairies dancing on the lawn? Of course not, but that’s no proof that they are not there. Nobody can conceive or imagine all the wonders there are unseen and unseeable in the world. You tear apart the baby’s rattle and see what makes the noise inside, but there is a veil covering the unseen world which not the strongest man, nor even the united strength of all the strongest men that ever lived could tear apart. Only faith, poetry, love, romance, can push aside that curtain and view and picture the supernal beauty and glory beyond. Is it all real? Ah, Virginia, in all this world there is 336 Davidson • Woodland 360 nothing else real and abiding. 225-7975 Open Mon. thru Sat. • 9 to 6 No Santa Claus! Thank God! he lives and lives forever. A thousand years from now, Virginia, nay 10 times 10,000 years from now, he will continue to make glad the heart of childhood.

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in all the chimneys on Christmas eve to catch Santa Claus, but even if you did not see Santa Claus coming down, what would that prove?

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SW WASHINGTON this holiday season, many of us will decorate our homes with according to the taste of the parent, is either fancifully carved, or is as HISTORY simple During cedar boughs. Graceful and fragrant, western red cedar makes grand in its artistic appearance as a pig’s trough. This cradle, or canim,

cedar

BY KAREN L. JOHNSON wreaths, swags, and garlands. At other times of the year, cedar reminds us of the oldtime mills which split cedar lengths into shakes used for roofing and siding, providing a raison d’etre for many a Northwest town. But long before the advent of Christmas decorations and roofing material, cedar provided a way of life for Northwest Coast Indians, who outfitted their entire lives with products from the cedar tree—quite literally from cradle to grave. Because of its cellular structure, cedar can be manipulated in many ways while still remaining strong. The wood is lightweight but sturdy, and grows with a straight grain which allows it to be split into planks or boards. Whole logs suffice for house posts and rafters, and can be carved into iconic totem poles and other artwork. Logs can also be hollowed out to serve as canoes. Cedar’s inner bark can be stripped off and split into widths of varying thicknesses, to use in baskets, clothing, rope, and other productions. Roots and branches (withes) can be split lengthwise for use in making baskets and ropes.

or canoe, as they term it, is lined inside with the softest of cedar bark, well pounded and cleaned so as to be soft as wool. On this the infant is placed as soon as it is born, and covered with the softest cloth or skins they can find.”

CLOTHING

FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE

Native women gathered cedar bark in the spring and summer, stripping it from living trees (but leaving enough bark on the tree to keep it growing). After removing the tough outer bark, the softer many-layered inner bark was split into desired thicknesses depending on the eventual use. Bark strips were pounded until soft; bundles of this material were draped over a frame and tied at regular intervals with wider bark strips, adding more bundles as necessary to achieve the desired size of garment. Often fish oil was worked into the finished clothing to make it water-resistant. Waterproof hats were made of bark strips woven in a basket fashion.

CRADLES

BASKETS

Without access to modern containers, the Northwest Coast tribes used baskets for many, many functions. Cedar bark strips were woven in a traditional crosswork pattern, sometimes with thicker warps (upright strands) to add stiffness and strength to the basket.

James G. Swan, who lived at Shoalwater (now Willapa) Bay in the 1850s, described cradles and their accoutrements: “A cradle, like a bread trough, is hollowed out from a piece of cedar, and,

ABOVE: Cedar bark and roots were split into desired thicknesses, then woven into serviceable and often beautifully decorated baskets, such as this example from the Chehalis Tribe. Collection of Washington State Historical Museum. photo by joe mabel.

INSET:

Long whip-like branches (also known as withes), bright to medium-green fern-like branchlets, and overlapping scale-like individual leaves define western red cedar.The scientific name is Thuja plicata: Thuja comes from thua, a Greek name for an African tree; and plicata, from the Latin plicatus meaning folded, refers to the scale-like leaves.

CENTER PHOTO:

In times past, western red cedars grew to enormous sizes, much larger than this old fellow at Lewis and Clark State Park north of Toledo. Note the characteristic “stringy” bark.

ABOVE: This diorama displayed at the Lewis County Historical Museum, Chehalis, depicts a typical Native American longhouse constructed of cedar planks, which were split from standing cedar trees or felled logs using wedges and stone mauls.

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Some women did such fine, tight work that their finished baskets held water and were used for cooking. Baskets with looser weave were used to gather berries, or to wash shellfish. Flat mats were also woven from cedar bark, and served many purposes such as sleeping mats, windbreaks, canoe sails, ponchos, and much more.

This short article cannot do justice to the many uses of our majestic western red cedar. But we can see that Northwest tribes truly used the cedar from cradle to grave. For further information, locate a copy of Hilary Stewart’s landmark book, Cedar: Tree of Life to the Northwest Coast Indians (Douglas & McIntyre, Vancouver BC, 1984), or James G. Swan’s classic The Northwest Coast. Also, most history museums in our region at least touch upon Native American uses of cedar; for instance, the Clark County Historical Museum has a wonderful collection of native baskets, many of which utilize cedar bark, roots, and withes. And don’t miss the Cathlapotle plankhouse at the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge; although it’s closed for the winter, the plankhouse offers an intimate look at a cedar structure, and also offers classes on basket-making and more.

CANOES

Perhaps the most iconic use of cedar in Northwest Coast life was for canoes. Cedar trees were felled, hollowed out with stone tools and judicious use of fire, then carved and spread into sizable ocean and river craft, holding just one person or dozens of people and tons of goods. In her delightful book, Life at Puget Sound, 1865-1881, Caroline Leighton compared Northwest canoes to those of eastern Canada: “We have seen no bark canoes here; they are all of cedar. No doubt there is good canoebirch on the river-banks, but something more durable is needed. The North-west Fur Company, in early days, sent out a cargo of birch from Montreal to London, to be shipped from there round Cape Horn to the north-west coast of America, to be made into canoes for their men to navigate the Columbia and its branches; in direst ignorance of the requirements of the country, as well as of its productions.”

TOP:

Well-known photographer Edward S. Curtis took this picture of Tlakluit Indians seated in a cedar canoe on the Columbia River near Wishram, circa 1910. PHOTO FROM LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. BOTTOM: Many Northwest tribes interred their dead in cedar boxes or platforms raised on poles. A. T. Agate, an artist with the Charles Wilkes expedition of the 1840s, drew this picture of Concomely’s tomb near Astoria.

ROPE

Think of all the things we use to secure items: tape, twine, bungee cords, rubber bands and so forth. Northwest Coast tribes used handmade cordage or rope, most often formed from cedar bark twisted and twined together until the desired thickness and strength was reached. From a simple two-ply cord to a multi-ply rope strong enough to haul in halibut and sturgeon, cedar bark cordage fulfilled an almost limitless number of functions in the tribal world.

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BOXES

The same method used to create house planks also served to make smaller boards suitable for bentwood storage boxes. A cedar board was cut to the desired size, and with kerfs let in where the box corners would be, the board was steamed until fairly pliable. The board was then carefully bent to a 90 degree angle at each kerf. Secured at the final corner with cordage or wooden pins, the box was ready for top and bottom to be attached. These boxes served as many uses as do our modern cardboard boxes.

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COFFINS

When a tribal member passed away, a cedar canoe was often used as a mortuary box or coffin. With holes punched in the canoe bottom (to allow rainwater to drain out, but also to render the canoe useless to a thief), the body was interred in the coffin which was often raised on poles. Often, personal items were interred with the body. Mount Coffin and Coffin Rock on the Columbia River were so-named because they served as Native American graveyards. BiRDS—cont’d from page 12

finally spotted a group of these beautiful white swans flying over the North end of the Bottoms. Other birds we spotted were many Great Blue Herons, over 50 sandhill cranes (a large group is called a Swoop or Dance). We love to roll down the windows and just listen as they talk it over with each other. It is a beautiful sound. Three bald eagles were out looking for lunch and many common mergansers were seen diving for their lunch. All together we spotted 35 different types of birds. Before the migration is truly over it is a must for all that love nature to tear yourself loose from your warm abode, hop in your car and head over the tracks to see what YOU can spot in our very own Woodland Bottoms. You won’t be sorry that you did. We were thrilled with our list of birds. www.reviewmeDiagroup.Com

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“Now Lord, You are releasing Your bondservant to depart in peace, According to Your word; For my eyes have seen Your salvation, Which You have prepared in the presence of all peoples, A Light of revelation to the Gentiles, And the glory of Your people Israel.” —Luke 2:29-32 NASB

your relative Elizabeth has also conceived a son in her old age; and she who was called barren is now in her sixth month. For nothing will be impossible with God.” Now the account gets even more amazing. Up to this point, the responses to divine intervention have been understandable, but now Luke tells us something that boggles my mind. He tells us that Mary said, “Behold, the bondslave of the Lord; may it be done to me according to your word.” What?! Surely she knew what this meant, that she could lose her fiancé; she could be stoned to death for sex outside of wedlock, (according to that time and culture). To willingly submit to what the angel told her would mean either BY LORI ANDERSON death, which Mary must have believed she would be spared from, or torturous ridicule and rejection. She must have known the prophecies that the Messiah would be born of a virgin. Still, what an overwhelming and humbling privilege and burden for Mary—to be chosen as the mother of the Savior of the world! Apparently pleasing and obeying God meant so much more to her than the thoughts of men, though. Listen to how Mary responded:

Light

hen I was young, Christmastime was my favorite time of year. I loved—the time off from school; the amazingly festive and beautiful foods; lights and decorations; driving through the neighborhoods to see the Christmas light displays; making gifts for everyone; the anticipation and opening of my own gifts; the wonderful breakfasts and staying all day in new jammies; visiting Grandma and Grandpa over the break (which meant SNOW!!); watching Christmas classics; listening to and singing Christmas carols. It was wonderful. Since becoming a Christian, though, a light of revelation has gone on. I now know the real reason Christmas is my favorite time of year. The reason can be found in the New Testament book of Luke where we hear the faithful account handed down by eyewitnesses, and investigated by Luke himself, and written down beautifully in consecutive order “so that you (we) may know the exact truth”. We learn about the days of King Herod; how the birth of John the Baptist was foretold; how righteous Zacharias and Elizabeth were miraculously blessed in their old age and given the privilege of being the parents of John, the one that would “go as a forerunner before Him… to turn the hearts of the fathers back to the children, and the disobedient to the attitude of the righteous, so as to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.” In Luke we are reminded how Jesus’ Birth was foretold ages before and then fulfilled; how the angel Gabriel “was sent from God to a city in Galilee called Nazareth, to a virgin engaged to a man whose name was Joseph, of the descendants of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary”. We are told Mary was fearful and confused and how the angel calmed her and said, “Do not be afraid, Mary; for you have found favor with God. And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name Him Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David; and He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and His kingdom will have no end.” Mary’s response is understandable. “How can this be, since I am a virgin?” To which Gabriel responded, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; and for that reason the holy Child shall be called the Son of God. And behold, even

Revelation

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“My soul exalts the Lord, and my spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior. For He has had regard for the humble state of His bondslave; for behold, from this time on all generations will count me blessed. For the Mighty One has done great things for me; and holy is His name. And His mercy is upon generation after generation toward those who fear Him. …”

Bible history records it all happened just as the angel said it would: John the Baptist was born and his father, Zacharias, was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying: “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, For He has visited us and accomplished redemption for His people, … has raised up a horn of salvation for us… As He spoke by the mouth of His holy prophets from of old… And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High; For you will go on before the Lord to prepare His ways; To give to His people the knowledge of salvation by the forgiveness of their sins, because of the tender mercy of our God, with which the Sunrise from on high will visit us, to shine upon those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.” Then it came about that Caesar Augustus called for a census to be taken of all “the inhabited earth”. Joseph went to the city of David—Bethlehem, “because he was of the house and family of David, in order to register along with Mary, who was engaged to him, and was with child. While they were there, the days were completed for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son; and she wrapped Him in cloths, and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. In the same region there were some shepherds staying out in the fields and keeping watch over their flock by night. And an angel of the Lord suddenly stood before them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them; and they were terribly frightened. But the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for behold, I bring you good news of great joy which will be for all the people; for today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. This will be a sign for you: you will find a baby wrapped in cloths and lying in a manger.” And suddenly there appeared with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God and saying, “Glory to God in the highest, And on earth peace among men with whom He is pleased.” When the angels had gone away, the shepherds hurried Your dream home deserves to Mary and Joseph, and the baby in the manger. When an experienced builder— they had seen it for themselves they shared what the Chilton Custom Homes angels had said. “And all who heard it wondered at the can do the job! things which were told them by the shepherds. But Mary treasured all these things, pondering them in her heart.” • New builds… And the message went out to others, too! Luke tells us • Home Remodels and Additions about my favorite, an old man named Simeon. Simeon WE BUILD studied the prophecies and prayed for help for his people 360 HOMES! for a very long time. The Holy Spirit revealed to him that Your lot or ours… www.chiltoncustomhomes.com he would not see death before he had seen the Lord’s LICENSED • BONDED • INSURED – LIC. #CHILTCH35JL Christ. So he rushed to the temple (where he was led by the Holy Spirit) and saw Jesus! “…then he took Him into his arms, and blessed God, and said, “Now Lord, You are Northwood Park Funeral releasing Your bond-servant to depart in peace, According to Your word; For my eyes have seen Your salvation, Home & Cemetery which You have prepared in the presence of all peoples, A Funeral Home • Mausoleum • Cemetery Light of revelation to the Gentiles, and the glory of Your Cremation & Memorial Services, Traditional Funerals ls The ONLY Glass Front Niches in Clark County! people Israel.” Simeon saw the Promise of the birth of a Savior come 16407 NE 15th • Ridgefield, WA 360 true and it brought him rest and peace, hope and happiness! When I was young, Christ had not been revealed to Woodland Funeral Home me. Christmastime was my favorite time of year for Traditional Services & Cremations 360225-8441 worldly reasons. Yet, all of creation cried out to me and 828 Goerig St. • Woodland, WA

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We followed our martinis with Cucumber Tapas from the appetizer menu ($8). The cucumbers were crisp and cold and the shrimp perfectly cooked and chilled. However the wasabi sauce and the radishes overshadowed the delicate taste of the dish. Next, my dining companion selected Savory Pork Tenderloin, served with mushroom risotto and bacon asparagus BY THE DIVA GASTRONOMIQUE ($12). He said the pork was tender, flavorful and moist and the mushroom risotto amazing. I selected Filet Mignon served with mashed potatoes and steamed broccoli, 4 oz. ($14) and a glass of 14 Hands Merlot ($5). My filet was cooked perfectly and just the right size. L O N G V I E W, WA Tapas Martinis and Wine also offers an extensive list of martinis and martini-like drinks for customers to try as well as a well-rounded wine and beer list. What we plan to try next time: The Antipasto Platter, creamy goat cheese, pickled green beans, Kalamata Olives, salami, pepperoni and a selection of crackers ($12) and Salmon, gently cooked in a sweet savory sauce served with pineapple salsa and bacon. Who doesn’t love salmon and bacon! ($14) The next time you plan to be in Longview on a light—cont’d from page 10 Friday or Saturday evening you must try Tapas, Martinis and Wine. Or why wait, testified about the Creator. My own selfishness, wickedness, and pride testified against this restaurant deserves a special trip to Longview just to try it. me. Down deep I knew there was something I seriously needed more than presents under Tapas, Martini’s and Wine (located in the Cadillac Island Casino),1125 the tree. I took some time, but it finally came. A light of revelation came. I needed saving Commerce Ave, Longview, Washington. (360)501-4328, Open Friday and and the Only One who could accomplish that happened to be Who we celebrate at Saturday only 4 p.m. to 10 p.m. Reservations are required. Christmastime. The Creator of all things humbled Himself, emptied Himself of all power, and was born to bring us hope, a light of revelation to us, salvation for all people, and a glory to and through God’s people, Israel. This is why Christmas is my favorite time of year. We celebrate our hope of salvation being born!!

ne of the newest restaurants in Longview, Washington, Tapas, Martini’s and Wine, is providing an exceptional level of dining sophistication. Although very reasonably priced, the ambiance and food remains very high quality. Open only two days a week, the caliber of this upscale restaurant with a totally modern vibe is usually found in larger cities. Dim lighting, gleaming corrugated metal on the walls, black & white photographs and gentle live music creates an intimate atmosphere. We found the entrance to the restaurant to be very low-key but once inside we were greeted by the maitre d’ and shown to our table and almost immediately attended to by our server. It was obvious the wait staff was there to please. What we tried: Taking a clue from the name of the restaurant we began with a martini. I chose the Lemon Drop martini and my dining companion chose the Lime Ginger martini, $9 each. Hardly the classic James Bond style martini but a nice change none the less, even though mine was a bit sweet for my taste.

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e are always surprised at what the Lewis River area has in store for us when we set out for a mornings bird trip. My dear friend Debby called and said she would pick me up at 8 a.m. and I was ready to go when she arrived. Birding by car is the only way to go when we have cold days. We can cover more area that way plus two sets of eyes see more birds. Starlings, crows and jays headed up our list and soon we were seeing lots of lbjs (little brown jobs). It took both of us to identify the juncos, golden-crowned sparrows, white-crowned sparrows, English sparrows and song sparrows. They were everywhere we looked. Robins were in the first field we came to, and many killdeer. It seems that when you see many you can say you saw a season of killdeers. Two red-tailed hawks were in the trees on the left side of the road. When we slowed down to get a good look they would fly forward to another tree. We finally got good looks at two red-tailed hawks. They seemed to stay with us as we drove along toward the dike. I was looking for the great egrets that Bruce and I had spotted recently. We counted over 31 of these 38-inch-tall white birds in the field that Debby and I had just passed but there were none there today. These beautiful birds have long black legs and feet and a long sharp beak. The egrets began to show up in the Bottoms a number of years

ago; first one, than five, and now by the dozens. When traveling in the past we always looked for them in the Sacramento Valley where they are abundant. I guess the climate change is bringing them up our way now. We finally saw the egrets towards the end of our trip and were thrilled to spot at least six of them. Next we wanted to find the Tundra swans formerly known as Whistling swans. I don’t know what entity changed the name but as I want to be correct I will call them the Tundra Swans. These 58-inch-tall birds have a wing span of six to seven feet, have big black feet, an all white body and a black bill with a tiny yellow basel spot that is difficult to see without binoculars. These swans breed from the Arctic coast south to the Alaska Peninsula and some on the barren grounds of Canada. It seems they winter on the east and west coasts of the United States. They can be found here in the Lewis River area during migration. We BiRDS—cont’d on page 9

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