áĄááąááŹáášááśáŻ á§ááŹá ááᯠá áš á ááš á á á ᜠᯠá áᎠḠá ááá ᯠá áš á áᚠḠáá ᯠḠááᚠḠáąáááá ᯠáżáá á ᚠḠáąáťááŹááš áą ááąááżáᎠáąááááŤáášáąááźááááŻáášáááŻáášá¸áá˝áášáˇ áąáááśááŻááášáááŻáášá¸ááşáŹá¸á ááášááášáˇ ááááŻááš ááášá¸áááŻá¸ááášá¸áąááááźááš áááŻáášáááŻáášááśá á§ááŹáá áášááááśáŻáááŽá¸áá ášááŻááᯠááášáąááŹáášáááš á áŽá áĽášáąááťááášá¸áááš ááááŻáášáťááášáá°áąááŹáášááŤáášá¸ááşáŹá¸ á áźáŹá áá°ááááááşáŹá¸ááᯠáááááŻáášááşáášá áŽá¸áąá ááááźáášá ááááš á¤á áŽááśáááášá¸ áąážááŹáášáˇááášááşááš áťááášááŹáááŻáášááśá ááŻááááĄáááŽá¸ááŹá¸ááśáŻá¸ áááŻáąááŹáááŽá¸ áá˝áŹááášá¸ ááśáŻá¸áááşáášááŻáášá¸ááźáŹá¸áááŻáášááášáťáá ášááŤááášá á ááŻááášá¸ááŽáááŻááŽááŹ(ááá)ááşáášááášá¸ááášáˇ áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻ ááᯠáąááşáŹáášáťáá´áżáááłáááášá áááŻáášáááŻáášááśáááŻááš CITIC Group ááŻáá¸ááŽá ááŹááášáá°ááášáąááŹáášááášáťáá ášááášá ááášááá˝áĄááşááášááźááš áĄáąáá˝áᥠááášáááŻáášá¸áąáááá˝áášáˇ áĄáŹáááááááŻááá˝ áááŻáášááášááŹááášáˇ áąáááśáááš ááąáá¤áŹááşáŹá¸áĄááźááš áááťáŹáˇ(áá)ááŻáąáťááŹááš áĄáááŽá¸ááŹá¸ááśáŻá¸ áąááááš áááášááášá¸áá ášááŻááᯠáááŻáášáááŻáášááśá ááąáá¸áá˝áźáášá¸ááźááš ááášáąááŹááš ááşáášááá˝ááášá áááŻááťáááš CITIC ááŻáá¸ááŽáááš ááŽáááŻááŽáᏠááá áá˝áášáá˝áşáŹá¸ááášáˇ áąááşáŹáášáťáá´-áááŻááš áĄáťááášáááŹá¸ááášá¸ááᯠáá˝á áš(á á) BOT ááąááŹáá° ááŽááşáášáĄá ááášáąááŹáášááášáťáá ášááášá á¤áááŹá¸ááášá¸ááᯠáąááŤááš ááŻáášáťááášá¸áťááášáˇ áĄáááľáááááŻááľááŹáá˝ áťááášááŹáááŻáášááśááᯠáťááášááášá¸ááźáŹá¸ááášáˇ áááŻáášáááŻáá ááŻáášááźáášáąáá¸ááášá¸áąážááŹáášá¸ááᯠáááŻáááŻááĄááášáąáťáááźáášáá° áąááşáŹáąááźááąá ááášáťáá ášááášá áĄáąáá˝ááąááŹáášáĄáŹáá˝ááźááš áááŻáášá áĄážááŽá¸ ááŹá¸ááśáŻá¸á áŽááśáááášá¸áťáá ášáąáᏠáááŹá¸ááášá¸áá˝áášáˇ áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻáááŻá áĄááźááš ááášá¸áá˝áŽá¸áťááłáášáá˝áśáááááŹááá˝áŹ(áá )áá˝á ášáĄááźáášá¸ áĄáąáááááášáąáááᏠ(ááá) ááŽááŽááś ááá˝ááášáťáá ášááášá ááŤáášáąááźááááŻáášáááŻáášá¸áá˝áášáˇ áąáááášáááášááášá¸ááášáąááŹáášáťááášá¸áááŻá á ááášááŹáąáťááĄáąáťááŹáášáĄááşáŹá¸ áááášá¸áááŻáášááśááááááŻááááŻáťáá ášáąáááąá áá˛áˇáżááŽáťáá ášááášá áááŻááşááášááźáášááášá¸ áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻ ááášáąááŹáášáááš áĄááźá áš áĄááášá¸ááśáŻá¸ áąááááśáąááşá¸ááźáŹáąááŤáášá¸ (áá)áááš á áąáťááŹáášá¸áąááźáááśáááášáˇ áĄáąáťááĄáąááá˝áášáˇ ááášáááŻáášáąáááżááŽáťáá ášááášá áąááááśáťááášáá° áĄááşáŹá¸á áŻáá˝áŹ áąáááśáááŤááŻá áášááśáŻáá˝áášáˇ áááąáłá áášááśáŻáááŻááá˝ ááźáášááá˝ááŹááášáˇ áĄáááášááášáˇ á áźáášááá ášáá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááášááášá¸ááşáášáá ášááášá¸ááááşáŹá¸á áĄááąááášáááŻá ááŻá¸ááááš áááášá¸áťáá ášáąáážáááášá áááŻááąááŹášááášá¸ á áŽááśáááášá¸áá˝áášáˇááášáááŻáášááášáˇ áááášá¸áĄááşáášáĄááášááşáŹá¸ááᯠáąááááśááşáŹá¸ááśáááŻá áĄáááąáá¸áťááášááąááťááášá¸ ááśáŻá¸ááááá˝áąáá áťááášááŹáááŻáášááśááźááš á¤áá˛áˇáááŻááąáᏠá áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠáĄáąááŹááš ááášáąáá ááąááŹáášááźáášáᎠáťááášáá°áá°ááŻáá˝áášáˇ áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášááᯠáĄááŹáĄááźáášáąáá¸áááŻáášááášáĄááźááš áááŻáášááŹááááşáąáᏠáĽááąáááşáŹá¸ááᯠáťáááŹáášá¸áááš áĄáąáá¸ááááŽá¸ áááŻáĄáášáąáááášá ááááŻáášáˇáąáááśáąá áŹáášáˇážáááˇášáąáá¸áĄááźá˛ááá˝ááŻáášáąááááš (ááŽááášááŹ-áááá)
áżáá á ᚠḠáąáťááŹááš á áś áą áááąáᏠáąááşá¸áááš áą ááťáááš á á° á áşáŹá¸ áąááşáŹáášáťáá´áżáááłáááášáááš áťááášááŹáťááášáĄáąááŹáášááášáąáá ááááŻáášáťááášááášáá˝áŹááášááá˝á፠ááášá áá˝áźáášá¸ááĄááşáášáĄááášá¸áá˝áŹ á áášááŹáá°áááŻáášááśáĄááźáášáĄá áŹá¸áąááŹáášááá˝áżááŽá¸á ááášááá˝áášá¸áąáťá áá°áĽáŽá¸áąááá˝áŹ ááá,ááá ááášáááá˝ááášá áąááşáŹáášáťáá´áżáááłáááášááźá áš áťáá ášáąááşáŹáášá¸áĄáášá¸áĄááŻáášááşáŹá¸áĄááźááš áąááŤááşáŹá¸ááŤááášá áá˝áźáášá¸áąááťááášáá°ááşáŹá¸á áĄááááĄááášáąááźá¸ááášá¸áąááşáŹáášá¸áá˝áŹ ááášáᏠá ááŻáášááşááłá¸áąáá¸áá˝ááˇáš ááŤá¸ááášá¸ááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áťáá ášááášá áááşááášá á¤áąáááááš áąáĄá¸ááşáášá¸ ááášáżááááš áąáᏠáąááşá¸ááášáąáááá ášáᯠáťáá ášáá˛áˇáąááŹášááášá¸ áááŻáĄá፠áąáááááŹáááŤáášáąááźááá˝áášáˇ áąáááśáááŻáášáááŻáášá¸ á áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áąážááŹáášáˇ áąááááś áá˝áźáášá¸áąááťááášáá°ááşáŹá¸á áá°áááááá˝áŹ ááśáŻáżááśáłáá áĄáťááášáˇáĄááááá˝áąááŹáˇááŤá á áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áąážááŹáášáˇ ááášááŹáąáťááááášá¸áááŻáášááśááá á ááŤá¸ááášá¸ááŻáášááášá¸ ááşáŹá¸ ááşáášááŻáášá¸ááŹáááááŻááąážááŹáášá¸ áąááááśáťááášáá°ááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ ááťááŹá¸áąáááŹááşáŹá¸ááŻáááąááźááąáťááŹáášá¸ ááźáŹá¸áááášáááááš áťáá ášááŹáááŤááášá Kyauk Phyu SEZ
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áąááşáŹááš áť áá´áĄáᰠḠá ᎠḠá០Ꮰá¸áąáá¸áᜠᯠá Ꭰá áś á á á ᚠḠáááá ááŻáá˝á áš ááŽááášááŹááá˝áášáˇ áááá ááŻáá˝á áš áąááąááááŤááŽááááŻáááźááš áááŻáášáá˝áášáˇ áťááášááŹáááŻááááš áąááşáŹáášáťáá´ á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááášá¸áááŹáááźáśáżáááłá¸áááŻá¸ááášáąáá¸ááśáŻ ááášáąááŹáášáąáá¸áĄááźááš ááŹá¸ááášááá áŹáá˝áźáášáááŹááşáŹá¸ááᯠááąááŹáá°ááášáá˝áášáąáá¸áááŻá¸áá˛áˇážá ááášá áťááášááŹáááŻáášááśá áĄááşááłá¸ááŹá¸á áŽááśáááášá¸áá˝áášáˇ á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸ááźáśááżáááłá¸áááŻá¸ááášáąáá¸ááášáááŽá¸ááŹá áá˝áášáˇ ááąááŹáá°ááŹá¸áąááŹáĄáááŻá፠ááŹá¸ááášáá á áŹáá˝áźáášáááŹááşáŹá¸áĄá CITIC Group ááŻáá¸ááŽá áąáááášáááášááášá¸áá ášááŻá áááŹá¸ááášá¸á áąáááŹáĽášááźáášá¸áá˝áášáˇ á áášááááśáŻ ááşáŹá¸ááŤááášááášáˇ áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻáá ášááŻááᯠááášáąááŹáášááášáťáá ášááášá CITIC Group á ááášáąáĄáŹáášááś ááŻáá¸ááŽáá ášááŻáťáá ášáąáᏠCITIC áąááŹáášááŻáášáąáḠááŻáá¸ááŽááŽáááááš(CITIC Construction Company Limited)áááášá¸ á á ášááášáá˝áášáˇááášá áášáąáááášáˇ áťááášááŹáˇ áá°á¸ááŻáá¸áᎠáá˝áášáˇ á áŽááśáááášá¸ááźáášáá°á¸áąááŤáášáąááŹáášááźáášááŻáášáááŻáášááášáĄááźááš ááťááŹá¸á áŹááşáłáášááşáŹá¸áááŻááášá¸ ááąááŹáá° ááášáá˝ááš ááŹá¸áżááŽá¸áťáá ášááášá CITIC áąááŹáášááŻáášáąáḠááŻáá¸ááŽá ááááłááášáąááˇááŹááşáášáĄá áĄáá°á¸á áášááááśáŻá áááĽáŽá¸ááášá¸áá˝áŽá¸áťáá˝áłáášáá˝áśáááĄááźááš áĄáąááááááš áąáááᏠ(á.á) ááŽááŽááśáááŻáĄáášááášáťáá ášáżááŽá¸á áá˝á ášáąááŤáášá¸ (áá ) áá˝á ášáĄááźáášá¸ááźááš á áŻá áŻáąááŤáášá¸ ááášá¸áá˝áŽá¸áťááłáášáá˝áśáá áááŹááá˝áŹ áĄáąááááááš áąáááᏠ(áá.á) ááŽááŽááśááá˝ááášáťáá ášááášá á áášááááśáŻáĄááźááš áąáťááąáááŹ(ááá) ááŻááášá¸ááŽáááŻááŽááŹ(á§á ááááá) áá˝áášáˇ ááášá¸áááŻá¸ááášá¸ áąáááášá¸áĄááźááš áąáááşáášáá˝áŹáťáááš á ááŻááášá¸ ááŽáááŻááŽáᏠ(áá) áááŻáĄááśáŻá¸áťááłááźáŹá¸ááášáťáá ášááášá
áżáá áł ááťááąááᏠ⢠ááŽááŤáááš(áááá)ááŻáášááŻáášááášáˇááŤáášáĄáŹá¸áąáá¸á áášááśáŻ (áąááŹáášá áŹááášá¸áťáá ášáááŻáąáááťáááŹá¸áťááášá¸áááá˝)á ⢠á áášááááśáŻ áąááááŻá¸áąááá ášáá˝áášáˇ áĄáá ášáĄáąážáá¸á áźáášáá áášááśáŻá ⢠áá°áąáá§ááááŹááşáŹá¸áá áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸áĄááşáášáĄááşáŹáąáááŹááşáŹá¸ááąáá¸ááśáŻ ááşáŹá¸ááąááşáŹáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝ááˇášáááŽá¸ááźáŹá¸ááŹáąáá¸áąáááŹááşáŹá¸á
RAMBREE ISLAND
áąááŹááš á á ᯠá áą áá¸áᯠá áš á áᚠḠ(áá á áᯠá áᚠḠáá ᯠá Ꭰá Ꭰá áŹ) ⢠áąáááĽášááźáášá¸áááŻá¸ááşá˛áááá ⢠ááášááşáááš(ááá,ááá) ááá˝áąáᏠááŻáášááášááąáá¤áŹáááŽá¸ááşáŹá¸ áááŻáášááášáááŻáášááášáĄááźááš ááášááşááášááášá¸ (áá á)ááśáááŻááš ááášááá˝ áąááŹááŻáášááášáááŻáášááş áááášááášá¸á ⢠ááášááášáááášááášá¸á ⢠áááŹá¸ááášá¸ áá˝áášáˇ ááŻáášááášááşáááš (áá) ááášá¸áááŻáąáá˝áŹáášáááŻáášááášáˇ ááŻáášáąáá˝áŹáášá§ááááŹá
5 km
City Cluster Logistic Cluster Logistic Cluster Industrial Cluster Industrial Cluster Reserved Area Reserved Area (future expansion)
á ááš á á á ᜠᯠ᧠áá á áŹ(áᎠá á ᯠá Ꭰá Ꮰáá) áąáááśááşáášá áášááśáŻ áá˝áášáˇ áąáááśááŤááŻá áášááśáŻ
⢠áá ášáá˝á ášáá˝áşááš áąáááś ááášááşáááš (áá) ááášá¸ ááášáá áášááŻáášááŻáášááášá ⢠áá ášáá˝á ášáá˝áşááš áĄáŽáááášá¸ ááášááşáááš (áááááá) ááŻáášááŻáášááášá ⢠ááťááŹá¸áąáᏠáąáááśááŤááŻááŻáášááŻáášáá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸( áá ášáá˝á ášáá˝áşááš ááášááşáááš (á.á )ááášá¸ ááŻáášááŻáášááášá) ⢠ááŤáášáąáťáážáááŹááááŹáááŤáášáąááźááááš áá˝áášáˇ ááťááŹá¸ááŻáášáá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸ (áá ášáá˝á ášáá˝áşáášááášááşáááš (á)ááášá¸ááᯠááŻáášááŻáášááášá)
Gas pipeline Oil pipeline Road Mangrove forest
áąááąážááŹáášá¸ááášáąááŹáášáá á áášáá á á ᯠá áš áášá¸ááşáŹá¸ ( á á ááŻááášá¸ááŽáá áŻá á ᎠáŹ) ⢠áąááááźáášá¸ááąáá¤áŹáááŻáášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠááášáąááŹáášáááąáá¸áááš áá˝áášáˇ ááąáá¤áŹáąááŹáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠáąááŹáášá¸ ááşááášáĄááźááš ááąáá¤áŹááşáášá¸ áá˝á ášááŻáááŻááášáąááŹáášááášá
áᯠá áš á á ἠá ᚠḠáᯠá áš á ᯠá áš á á á ááš á á áᯠá áš á áᚠḠááşáŹá¸(áá á áᯠá áᚠḠáᎠá á ᯠá Ꭰá áŹ)
áááą áł á ááš á á á ᯠá áš á áᚠḠááşáŹá¸ (áá á áᯠá áᚠḠáᎠá Ꭰá Ꭰá áŹ) ⢠áá ášáá˝á ášáá˝áşááš ááś áá˝áášáˇ áááá ááášááşáááš(á )ááášá¸ááŻáášááŻáášááášá ⢠áá ášáá˝á ášáá˝áşááš ááášá á áášáżááŽá¸áááąáł ááášááşáááš (áááááá)ááŻáášááŻáášááášá
⢠á ááŻáášááşááłá¸áąáḠáá˝áášáˇ áąáááźáášáá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááąááşáŹáášááşáášáááᏠáá˝áášáˇ áá ášááşáŹá¸á ⢠áĄááášáĄáááášááááąáłááááášá áááášááąááŹášáąááŹášááŹá¸áĄá ááášáĄ áááŻáášá¸ áá˝áášáˇ áá˝áşáášá á ášáá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸á
ááşáááš á ᯠá Ḡá Ꭰá áŤáááš á ááš á ááš á á áááá áąáá˝áŹáášá¸áááŻáášá¸ááźááš áťááášááŹáˇáĄááŻáášáááŹá¸áąáá¸ááášáááŽá¸ááŹá ááŻááášáááŽá¸ áĽáŽá¸áťááášáˇáááášá¸á áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáááśáŻá áŽááśáááášá¸ááźááš ááşáááš áĄáášááşáášááŽááŹááŻáá¸áᎠNippon Koei Co., Ltd. ááŤááášááášááášáąáááááᯠááášááŻáášáżáááłááĄá áášá¸áĄáąáá¸áá ášááŻá áąááźá¸áąááźá¸ááášáťáááźáŹá¸ áá˛áˇááášáááşááášááŻáá¸ááŽáááš á ááŻáášááşááłá¸áąáá¸áá˝áášáˇ áá°áąáá§ááááŹááşáŹá¸áĄááźááš áĄáááááŻáášáąááŹáášááášáťáá ášááášá áááŻááąááŹášááášá¸ Nippon Koei(áąáĄáŹáášáąáťáááśáŻ)ááŤááášááášááášáąááááááš CITIC Group ááşáá˝ááŹá¸áááˇášá áŽááśáááášá¸ áĄá áŽáĄá áĽáš(á áŹááşáášáá˝áŹ á áááŻááááŤ) áá˝áášáˇ ááášá áášááááá˝áááŹá¸ áááŻáááášá¸áááŻááš ááášá áášááááá˝ááŤá ááášáááŻáááášááśáŻ ááášá áášáąáááá˛á ááááš ááşááášááŻáá¸ááŽá áŽááśáááášá¸ áąááˇááŹáááĄááźááš ááášáá°á áąááźáąážáá¸áąááŹáášááśáá˛áˇááᲠá ááášáˇáááášá¸áĄááşáášáĄááášááşáŹá¸ááᯠá áŽááśáááášá¸áąáááá˝ áťááášáá°áá°ááŻá áĄááášááášáá°ááĄááźá˛ááĄá áášá¸ááşáŹá¸ áááŻááááŻááš áááŻáášááśáąáá¸ááŤááŽááşáŹá¸áĄáŹá¸ áĄáááąáá¸ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áááášáťáá ášááášá
City Cluster Logistic Cluster Industrial Cluster Gas pipeline Oil pipeline Mangrove forest
áąááşáŹááš áť áá´-ááᯠá áš áááŹá¸ááᚠḠáá˝ á ᚠᡠá áŹá¸ááᚠḠá áŽááśáááášá¸ááźááš áąááşáŹáášáťáá´áżáááłááá˝ áááŻáášáááŻáášááśáąááŹáášáááŻáášá¸á áá°ááášáťááášáááš áá°ááŽáááŻá ááášááźáášááášáˇ ááŽáááŻááŽááŹ(ááá)áá˝áášáá˝áşáŹá¸ááášáˇ áááŹá¸ááášá¸áá ášááŻááŤááášááášá áááŹá¸ááášá¸áĄááźáášáťááášááŹáˇ áááŹá¸áááŻááąááŹáášáąáá¸ááášáááŽá¸ááŹááá˝áášáˇ áááŻáášáááŻáášááś Railways Engineering Corporation áááŻáá áá˝á ášáĽáŽá¸ááąááŹáá° ááŹá¸ááášááá áŹáá˝áźáášáááŹááᯠáááá-ááŻáá˝á ášá á§áżááŽáááźááš ááášáá˝áášáąáá¸áááŻá¸áá˛áˇážá ááášá áááŹá¸ááášá¸áááš áĄáášá¸á ááášá¸áá°á¸á ááąááźá¸á áááąáąáá¸á ááŹá¸áááḠáá˝áášáˇ áá°áááš áżáááłáááşáŹá¸áááŻá áťááášááášá¸ ááźáŹá¸ááášáťáá ášááášá áĄáąááááááš áąáááᏠááŽááŽááşáś (áá) ááŻáášááşááášáˇ á¤áááŹá¸ááášá¸ááᯠáááá ááŻáá˝á ášááźááš ááášáąááŹáášáąááŤáášááŻááš áżááŽá¸á áŽá¸ááášá áŽá áĽáš ááŹá¸áąáááášá ááŹá¸ááášááá áŹáá˝áźáášáááŹáĄá áááŻáášáááŻáášááśáááš áááŹá¸ááášá¸ááᯠáąááźáąážáá¸ááááš áąááŹáášááŻáášáżááŽá¸ ááŹá áŻáá˝á ášááááš (áá˝á ášáąááŤáášá¸á á)ážááŹáąáĄáŹáášáá áĄááśáŻá¸áťááłááźáŹá¸ááášáťáá ášááášá ááąááŹáášáááŻáášá¸áá˝ áááŻáááŹá¸ááášá¸áĄáŹá¸ áťááášááŹáĄá ááŻá¸áááśáááŻá ááá˛áąáťááŹáášá¸áąáá¸ááášáťáá ášááášá áĄáááŻááŤááŹáá áááŹá¸ ááášá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááášááášá áĄááŻáášáĄáááŻáášáąááᏠááşááŹá¸áąáá¸ááá ἠáá˝áášáˇáááŹáąááźáąážáá¸áááŻáášááŹááá áĽáĄáá áááŻáááᯠáááŻáášááŻáá¸ááŽááşáŹá¸ááášáá˛ááᏠáááášá¸ááşáłáášááŹá¸ ááášáťáá ášááášá áĄáťááášáááŹá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ áá ášááŹááŽ(ááá)ááŽáááŻááŽááŹáťááášáááášá¸áťááášáˇááŻáášáąááŹáášá¸áżááŽá¸á ááŻáášááášááşáááš(áááá) ááášáá°áááŻááąááŹáášáááŻáášááášáťáá ášááášá ááááš ááááááŻáá˝á ášááźááš áá˝á ášáááŻáášááśááąááŹáá°ááášáá˝áášáąáá¸áááŻá¸ áá˛áˇáąáᏠááŹá¸ááášááá áŹáá˝áźáášáááŹáĄá áąááşáŹáášáťáá´áá˝áášáˇáá°áᎠáĄážááŹá¸ áĄáąáá¸áąáťáḠááŹá¸ááášá¸ááááŽá¸áá ášááŻááᯠááášá¸ áąááŤáášááŻáášááášáĄá áŽáĄá áĽášááşáŹá¸ ááá˝áąááżááŽáťáá ášááášá áááŻáááŹááźááš ááŹá¸ááášá¸áąááŤáášááŻáášááášáˇ ááášá¸áąážááŹáášá¸áĄáááĄááşááᯠáááááá˝ááąáá¸ááŤá
Kyauk Phyu
Rail way:
ááᯠá áš á áĄááᚠᡠṠážááŹáᚠᡠṠááşáŹááš áť áá´áĄáᰠḠá ᎠḠá០፠á¸áąáá¸áᜠᯠá á ᯠá ááš áą ááŹááš á áşááš á áŹáᲠáááá ááŻáá˝á ášááźááš áááŻáášáááźá áá°ááşáášáąááŹáášá¸á âáááťáŹááśáŻá¸áťááášáážááášâ áąážááźá¸áąážááŹášááśáťááášáˇ áááŻáášáááŻáášáĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻááşáŹá¸ áááťáŹáˇáááŻáášááśáĄáá˝áśááááŻá¸ááźáŹá¸ ááŹáąá áááš áááŹááşá´ááŹáá ášááášááᯠááşáá˝áášáá˛áˇááŤááášá áááŹááşá´áᏠá áĄáááááášááźáášááşáášááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ áááŻáášá ááŻáášá áášáá˝áášáˇ ááášáąááŹáášáá ááşáŹá¸áĄááźááš áąá áşá¸ááźáášáá˝áŹáąááźááášá áááŻáášááŻáášáá áĽáášá¸ ááśáááášááşáŹá¸ áąá áşá¸ááźáášááášááášáá˝ááˇáš áááŻáášá áááŻáášááśáťááŹá¸ááášá¸áá˝áŽá¸áťáá˝áłáášáá˝áśáá áááŻá¸áááš ááŹáąá ááášáááŻááťáá ášááŤááášá áááá-ááŻáá˝á ášááźááš áááŻáášáá˝áášáˇáĄáŹááŽááśáááŻáášááśááşáŹá¸ ážááŹá¸ ááźáášááźáášá áźáŹááŻáášááźáášááźáášáˇááąááŹáá°á áŹááşáłááš (Free Trade Agreement) áááŻááášáá˝áášáąáá¸áááŻá¸áá˛áˇážáááŤááášá áá áŹááşáłáášá áááŻáášáá˝áášáˇ áĄáŹááŽááśáááŻáášááśááşáŹá¸ážááŹá¸ááźááš á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸ááŻáášááźáášááááášááśáŻá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠááášááŽá¸áąáḠáá˛áˇááášá áąááşáŹááťášáá´á áŽááśáááášá¸áááš áĄáąáá˝ááąááŹáášáĄáŹáá˝ááźááš áááŻáášá áááááśáŻá¸áąáᏠáĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻ á áŽááśáááášá¸áá ášááŻáťáá ášááááźáášá á áŽááśáááášá¸ ááááłááášáąááˇááŹáá áĄááááŻááá˝áşááš áááŻáááŻáášáĄááźááš áĽáŽá¸á áŹá¸áąáá¸ááŻáášááŻáášááášáˇ á áášááááśáŻááŻáášááŻáášáá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áĄááźááš áĄáŹááŽááśáąá áşá¸ááźáášáááŻáĄááá ááášááźáášááŹá¸áąáááášá áąááşáŹáášáťáá´áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻááᯠáááŻáášáááŻáášááśáááŻá áááŹá¸ááášá¸á áąáááááš(á áš)áááŻáášáááŻáášá¸áá˝áášáˇ áąáááśáááŻáášáááŻáášá¸ áááŻááťááášáˇ ááášááźáášááášáťáá ášáżááŽá¸ áááŻáášáááŻááĄááźááš áĄáááľáááááŻááľááŹáááŻá áááŹááşá´ááŹáąáťááŹááš ááášáąááŤáášáááŻáááŻááášá¸áááá˝ááźáŹá¸ ááááźáášá áťááášááŹáťááášáááŻáťááášááşááš áááŹááááśááŹááá˝ááˇáš ááŻáášáá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠááźáášáá°áąááşáŹáąááźáá áźáŹááášáááŻááááŻáášáťááášá¸áááášá¸ áááŻáášáááŻááĄááźááš ááŹáááŹáąáááášážááŹá¸áááŻáťááášááášá¸áąáááąáᏠááŽáááŻááŽááŹ(áááá)áá˝áášááşáŹá¸áąááŹáááŽá¸(áááŻááááŻááš) ááąáá¤áŹáťááášáˇ áá ášááášááášá ááŻáášáąááŹáášá¸ááąááŹáááŽá¸ááᯠáąáá˝áŹáášáá˝áŹá¸áááŻáášááášáťáá ášááášá áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻá áąáááśá ááŤááŻá ááśáá˛áˇáááŻá áąáᏠáááŹááááśááŹáááşáŹá¸áááŻááášá¸ ááášáá áášááŻáášááŻáášááášáťáá ášááášá ááá˝áááášáˇ ááá ášá áááášááşáŹá¸ááąááŹášáąááŹášááŹá¸áĄá áááš áĄáááŻáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝ááˇáš áĄáŽááášáááźáášá¸áá áš áá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áááŻá፠ááášááášáˇááŻáášááŻáášááášáťáá ášááášá
CITIC Group áᯠá Ḡá ᎠCITIC Group áááš áááŻáášáááŻáášááśá áĄáááŽá¸ááŹá¸ááśáŻá¸áąáᏠáááŻáášááśá áśáŻááŻáá¸ááŽáááŽá¸ááşáŹá¸áĄáááš áá ášááŻáťáá ášáżááŽá¸ áááá ááŻáá˝á ášááźááš ááášáąááŹáášáá˛áˇáąáᏠááŻáá¸ááŽáá ášááŻáťáá ášááášááááá-ááŻáá˝á áš áááŹáąáá¸áá˝á ášááźááš CITIC Groupá áááŹááášáąááźáá˝áŹ áĄáąáááááášáąáááᏠ(áá) ááŽááŽááśááá˝áá˛áˇáżááŽá¸á áááťáŹáˇ(ááá )ááŻáąáťááŹááš áĄáááŽá¸ááŹá¸ááśáŻá¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáḠáąááŹášáááŻáąáá¸áá˝áášá¸áá ášááŻáĄáťáá áš áááťáŹáąááşáŹáš Fortune ááá˘ááášá¸á (Fortune á áá) á áŹááášá¸ááźáášááášáá˝áášááŹá¸ááášá CITICá áĄáááááŻáášáąááŹáášáąááŹááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ áąááźáąážáá¸áááŻáášááŹááášáąááŹáášááááşáŹá¸á ááŻáášáá áĽáášá¸ááášá¸áá˝áŽá¸áťáá˝áłáášáá˝áśááá á áŽááśáááášááşáŹá¸ áąááŹáášááźáášááá á áźáášá¸áĄáášáá˝áášáˇáááŹááááśááŹáááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸á áĄáąáťáááśáĄáąááŹáášáĄáĽáŽá¸ááşáŹá¸á ááášáá° áááŻááąááŹáášáąáá¸ááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ áá˝áášáˇ á áášáá áĽáášá¸ááŻáášááŻáášáá áááŻááťáá ášážáááášá CITIC áąááŹáášááŻáášáąáááŻáá¸ááŽáááš CITIC Group á áĄáťááášáˇáĄá áááŻáášáááŻáášááŹá¸áąáᏠááŻáá¸ááŽááźá˛ áá ááŻáĄáááš áá ášááŻáťáá ášáżááŽá¸ áĄáŹááááá áąááŹáášáĄáąááááá áĄáąáá˝ááĄááášáááŻáášá¸áá˝áášáˇ áĄáŹáá˝áĄááášáááŻáášá¸ áąáááááŻáááźááš ááŻáášáááŻáášáá˝áşáášáá˝áááášá
Nippon Koei áᯠá Ḡá Ꭰá Ꭰá á á ááš Nippon Koei ááŻáá¸ááŽááŽááááášáááš ááşááášáááŻáášááś áĄáášááşáášááŽááŹáĄáááŻáášááášááś ááŻáá¸ááŽáá ášááŻáťáá ášááášá á¤ááŻáá¸áᎠáááš á áźáášá¸áĄáášá áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ á áŽááśáááášá¸áĄáąáťáááśáĄáąááŹááĄáĽáŽá¸ááŻáášááášá¸áááŻáááᯠáĄááááąááŹáášááşááŻáášáááŻáášáąá ááášá Nippon Koei áááš áááá ááŻáá˝á ášáááášááááš áťááášááŹáťááášááá˝ áĄáťááášá¸ááźáŹá¸ááźáášáᏠá áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áťáá ášážáááášáˇ ááŹááášá¸á áá˛ááźáŹá áááá¤áŹáᎠáąáááŹáᏠá áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ áá˝áášáˇ ááťááŹá¸áąáᏠá áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áĄááźááš á áŽááśáááášá¸ááááłááášáąááˇááŹá¸ááááşáŹá¸ááᯠáťááłááŻáášááŹáá˛áˇááášá
áᰠḠááąáá¸ááᚠḠáᯠá Ḡá Ꭰ( Htoo Trading Company) áá°á¸ááąáá¸ááášá¸ááŻáá¸áᎠ(Htoo Trading Company)áááš áťááášááŹáááŻáášááśááŹá¸áááŻááš áá°á¸ááŻáá¸áᎠ(Htoo Group of Companies)á ááášáąáĄáŹáášááśááŻáá¸ááŽááźá˛áá ášááŻáťáá ášááášá ááŻáá¸ááŽáá áŽáĄáŽá¸áĄááŻáá˝áášáˇ ááášá¸ááášá¸ááşáášá¸ááŤáááŻáášááŹáá˝áŹ áĽáŽá¸áąáááťáá ášááášá áąáááááš áááášá á ášáąááŤáášá¸áąááŹááš áĽáŽá¸ááášá¸áąáááá˝áášáˇ áąáĄáŹáášáááášáąááŹášáĽáá á áá°ááąááááášá¸ áááŻááá˝áášáˇ ááŽá¸á áášáá°áá ášáąááŹáášáťáá ášááášá áá°á¸ááąáá¸ááášá¸ááŻáá¸ááŽáááš áąááťááášáąááŹášáżáááłáááášáąááŹáášáąáḠááŻáášááášá¸ááźáášááášá¸ ááŤááášááášááášáá˛áˇááášáˇáĄáťááášá ááťááŹá¸ááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áťáá ášáąáᏠá ááŻáášááşááłá¸áąáá¸á ááášáá°áááŻááąááŹáášáąáá¸á áááąáł áá°á¸áąáááąáá¸á áąááŹášááášáá˝áášáˇáááŽá¸ááźáŹá¸ááŹáąáá¸ááŻáášááášá¸ á ááášáááŻááááŻááášá¸ ááŻáášáąááŹáášáąáááášá áá°ááąááááášá¸áááŹá¸ áąáĄáŹáášááášááášá¸áá˝áŹááášá¸ áá°á¸ááąáá¸ááášá¸ááŻáá¸ááŽá ááŤáááŻáášááŹáĄáťáá ášááŻáášáááŻáášáąáááášáˇáĄáťáááš áá°á¸ááŻáá¸áᎠ(HGC)ááźáášááášá¸ ááŤáááŻáášááŹááŻáášáĄááźá˛ááááš áá ášáąááŹáášáťáá ášáąááąáááášá
áá° á á˝ áł ááááşáŹá¸ááşááš á ᎠḠáťááᚠḠáĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻáááŻááášáąááŹáášáťááášá¸áááš ááášááá˝áąááŤáášááŻáášáąááąáᏠáááŻááš-áťááášáᏠáąáááś áá˝ááˇáš ááŤáášáąááźááááŻáášáááŻáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áááš áĄááąááŤáášá¸ááşáŹá¸á áźáŹ áááŻá¸ááşááłá¸ááşáŹá¸áááŻáťáá ášáąáááąá ááááźáášá á§ááŹáá áášááááźáśááżáááłá¸áááŻá¸ááášáááťáá ášáąáááťááášá¸áááš ááášáááŹá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááśá፠ááášááşáŹá¸á áá°áááááĄááźááš áĄááŹá¸áĄááŽá¸áááášáťáá ášááŹááŤááášá áááŻááąááŹášááášá¸ á áŽááśáááášá¸áĄááźááš áááŻáąááááśááášáááŹá¸ ááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááśááŤááášááşáŹá¸ááᯠááááłááášáĄáááąáá¸á áąááźá¸áąááźá¸áááŻáášááášááááşáŹá¸ááťááłááŻáášáá˛áˇážáááŤá
áááš á áŹáąáťááá á ᚠḠáá ᯠá áš á á˝ áł áá˝ á ᚠᡠá ááš á ០ᏠááşáŹá¸áĄáŹá¸áąáááŹáąáťááŹáᚠḠáąáá á áá˝ áł á áŽááśáááášá¸áąáťáááśáŻáĄá á áŽááśáááášá¸áá˝áŹá ááŻááášá¸ááŽáááŻááŽááŹ(ááá)ááşáášááášá¸ááášáťáá ášááášá áááŻááąážááŹáášá¸ áąááááśáąááşá¸ááźáŹ (áá) áąááşáŹášááášá áá˝áášáˇ áąááşáŹáášáťáá´áżáááłáááá˝ áá°áąáááášááźáášáá ááášááąáááááŻááá˝áŹ áĄááášá¸áĄáááź áąáťááŹáášá¸áąááźáááśáááášáťáá ášááášá á áŽááśáááášá¸áąážááŹáášáˇ ááášááŹáąáťááĄáąáťááŹáášáĄááşáŹá¸ ááśáŻá¸ááśáá¸ááźáŹá¸ááášáťáá ášáżááŽá¸ áąááááśáťááášáá° áąááŹáášáąááŤáášá¸ááşáŹá¸á áźáŹáááŻááá˝áŹ á áŽááśáááášá¸ááááŻáášáááŻáášáááŻá¸ááşááłá¸ ááşáŹá¸ááᯠááášáááŻáášááŹáááášáťáá ášááášá áááŻááąááŹášááášá¸ á áŽááśáááášá¸ááášáąááŹáášáąáá¸áá˝áášáˇá áášááşáĽášá¸á áąááááśáťááášáá°áá°ááŻá áąááááś áĄá ááŻá¸ááĄáŹááŹáááŻáášáááŻáááᯠááááłáááš áááášá¸áąáá¸áťááášá¸á áááŻáá°áááŻááá˝áášáˇ áąááźá¸áąááźá¸áááŻáášááášáťááášá¸ á ááášáááŻááááŻááťááłááŻáášáá˛áˇážáááŤá áááŻáášáááŻáášá¸ á áŽááśáááášá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááá˝áášáˇááášá áášáąáááášáˇ á áŽááśáááášá¸ áĄáąáťáááśáĄáąááŹáášáĄáĽáŽá¸ááşáŹá¸ ááášáąááŹáášáááš áĄááźáášááášá¸ áĄáááŻá¸áááš ááášááŹáąáťáá§á áąááŹáášáąááŤáášá¸ááşáŹá¸á áźáŹ áááášá¸áááŻáášááśáááŻáášááżááŽáťáá ášááášá áááášá¸áááŻáášááśááášááŹáąáťááĄááşáŹá¸á áŻáá˝áŹ áĄááášá¸áĄáááźáááášá¸ áááŻáášááśáá˛áˇááťááášá¸áťáá ášááŤááášá âááááąááŹáˇ áá˝áźáášáąááŹášáˇááášáąáťáááᯠáááášá¸áá°áááŻááááŻáżááŽá¸ááąááŹáá°ááŽááşááš áá ášáᯠááášáá˝áášááŹáááŻá¸áááŻáášá¸áááŻá áá˝áźáášáąááŹášá ááááŻá¸áá°á¸áááŻááťááášá¸áááŻááš ááášá ááŤáąááá˛áˇ ááášáá˝áášááááŻá¸áááŻáááá˝áááš ááşáášááşáášá¸ááášá¸ááášáááŻá áá˛áąááźá MOGE áá˛á CNPCááášááášá¸áąááźáąáá˝ááá˝áŹáááš áá˝áźáášáąááŹášáˇááᯠáżáááášá¸áąáťááŹáášážá ááášá
ááŤáąážááŹáášáˇáá˝áźáášáąááŹáš
ááášá¸áąááźá¸á ááŹááášá¸áááá˝ááŹáąážááŹáášáˇ
áąážááŹááš áąážááŹááš áá˛ááᲠááášáá˝áášáááŻá¸áąáá¸áááŻáášáááášáâ ááŻááąáá¸áá˝áźáášá¸áá˝ áááš áááŹá¸áá ášáąááŹááš áąáťááŹážááŹá¸áąáááášá(ááááŻáášáˇáąáááśáąá áŹáášáˇážááášáˇ áąáá¸áĄááźá˛á áĄáášááŹááşá´á¸á áąááá áááá)
âáąáááááŽá¸áááŻáášáá˛áˇáąáťááĄááźááš áąáá˝áşáŹášáąážáá¸ááášááášáťáá ášáá˛áˇ áťááášááŹááşáášáąááź (ááá,ááá) áááŻáᲠááąáá¸ááášá ááşáášáá˛áˇááášááášááᯠááášáąááŹáˇááááš áááŻááŹáá˛áááááá°á¸á ááá˛áˇáąááźáááášá¸ ááŻáá¸ááŽáááášá¸áá°ááźáŹá¸áá˛áˇ áąáťáááášáááŻá¸áá˛á ááśáŻá¸ááśáŻáá ášááśáŻáąááŹáášáá˛ááá˝ááášá ááşáášáá˛áˇáąáá˝áşáŹášáąážáá¸áąááźááᯠáąááŹáˇ áĄááşáášáˇááşááš áĄá ááŻá¸áááášááášá¸áąááźá áąáááááŽá¸áąáťáááᯠááťááŹá¸áá°áąááźááŹááášááášáżááŽá¸ ááŻáášáá°ááźáŹá¸ážáááášâ áᯠááááŹáˇ ááźáŹá ááášáąáťááĄáááášá¸ááśááąáᏠáĄáááš(áá)ááášá áááášá¸á áááŽá¸áá ášáĽáŽá¸áąáťááŹáťáááŹá¸ááášá(ááááŻáášáˇáąáááśáąá áŹáášáˇážááášáˇ áąáá¸áĄááźá˛á áĄáášááŹááşá´á¸á áąááá áááá)
âáąáá˝áşáŹášáąážáá¸áąááźáąáá¸ááŹáąááźá
ááášáąáťááá˛áááŹáááášáááŻá¸áá˛á
ááááŻáášááŽáá°á¸á
áá°áááŻááąáá¸áá˛áˇ
áąááźáąááźáá˛á áĄáťááŹá¸ááášáá ášááźáášáááŻááášá¸ ááášáááŻááááá°á¸á áá ášáąááŹáášáá˝ áá°áááŻá ááášáąáťááąááź ááᯠááśáŻá¸ááśáá¸áááśáááŻážáááŤáá°á¸á áá°áááŻáááŻáášáąááá˛áˇááśáŻá áśáąááźá ááŤáááŻááá˛ááááááŻáá ášáťáá˝áłáášáááš áąáááŹáá˛á áĄáá°áá°áťáá ášáąáááášá ááąááşáŹáášááśáŻá¸ááᯠááŽááášáąáťááąááźáá˛ááᲠááŻáášá¸ááášááŹážáááŹááŤá áĄáᯠááŽáąáťááąááźáááá˝áááŻáááá˝áááš áąáá˝áááášááášáááŻááŻáášáżááŽá¸ ááášááášáááášáááŻááŹáąááŹááš ááááąááŹáˇááŤáá°á¸á âáᯠáąááááśáááš áááŹá¸áá ášáĽáŽá¸ááąáťááŹáťáááášá (ááááŻáášáˇáąáááś áąá áŹáášáˇážááášáˇáąáḠáĄááźá˛á áĄáášááŹááşá´á¸á áąááá áááá)
ááŤá¸ááᚠḠá§áá á áŹááşáŹá¸áĄáąáááá ᯠḠááşáłá Ḡáááš áą ááŹááš á á˝ áł á áášááááśáŻáĄááźááš ááŻáášááášáááášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááášá¸áááŻá¸ááášá¸á áášááááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ ááášáąááŹáášáąááťááášá¸á ááášá¸áááŻá¸ááášá¸áąáááášá¸ á§áááᏠáĄááášá¸ááśáŻá¸ á ááŻááášá¸ááŽáááŻááŽáᏠáá ááášáááᯠáááŻáášáááŻááš áááŻá¸ááşááłá¸ááášáąááŹáášáááá˝áááááźáášáťáá ášááášá ááášááşááášáááááááá ááá˝áąáᏠááŻáášááášááąáá¤áŹáááŽá¸ááşáŹá¸ á áĽášááášááťááášááášááźáášáąááŹáášáá˝áášáááá˝áášáˇ áąáááášáááášááášá¸ááášá¸áąážááŹáášá¸áá˛ááá˝ áąáááášááŤá¸ááášá¸ ááŻáášááášá¸áááŻááąážááŹáášáˇ áąááááźáášá¸ááááŻáá˝ááąááąáᏠáĄáąáá¸á áŹá¸ááŤá¸ááášá¸ááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ ááşáášááŻáášá¸ááŹáááŻáášáąáťáááá˝ááášá ááąáá¤áŹááşáŹá¸ áá˝áášáˇ á áášááááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝ áĄáááášááášáˇá áźáášááá ášáá áĽáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ áá ášááášá¸ááááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹááášá¸ ááŤááşááłá¸á ááášááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ áąááááźáášá¸ áááŹá áąááá áá ášáááŻáááᯠáĄááąááŹáášáťááłáąáááááźáášá áąáááááŹáááŤáášáąááźááá˝áŹáąááźáá°á¸áąáááááá˝áášáˇ áááąáŹáąááşáŹáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠáááŻáášá¸ááźá˛áżááŽá¸ ááášáąááŹáášáá˛áˇááąáᏠáąááąáĄáŹáášáááŻáášáááŻáášá¸ ááášáąááŹáášáąáá¸ááŻáášááášá¸áááŻááąážááŹáášáˇ ááŤá¸ááşááłá¸á ááášááşáŹá¸ áááášáąááŹááźáŹá¸áá˛áˇááżááŽá¸ áąááááś ááśááŤááášááşáŹá¸á ááŤá¸ááášá¸ááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áááŻááášá¸ áááášááášááŹá¸áťáá ášáá˛áˇáąáááášá âáąáááášáááášááášá¸ á áááŻáááášáąááŹáášáááášá¸ááááš áááášáááᯠááźáášááźáášááášáááš ááŤá¸ááášá¸ááźáášáˇáááá˝ áąááŹáˇáá°á¸á á áŽááśáááášá¸ááááŻáášááášá ááŤá¸ááášá¸ááźáášáááŻáášá¸ áťááášááŹááşáášáąááźá(á)áááášá¸á(á)áááášá¸áááąáĄáŹáášáĄáťáááš áááášá áááŤáááŤááşáášáąááźá áááášá¸áááąááŹáášáááášá áĄááŻáááŻáááš ááŽáááŻá¸áąááŹáášáĄáááŻáášáááŻáášáá˛á áąááŹáˇááášá ááŽáááŻáášá¸áááŻáááš ááášáááŻáá˝ áąáá˝áááášááášááášáááŻáááááŻááášáąááŹáˇáá°á¸âáᯠááąáá¸áá˝áźáášáá˝ ááśááŤáááš áá ášáĽáŽá¸áąáťááŹážááŹá¸ ááášá (ááááŻáášáˇáąáááś áąá áŹáášáˇážááášáˇáąáá¸áĄááźá˛á áĄáášááŹááşá´á¸áááźáášáááááá)
áĄáᯠá ᚠᥠáá ᯠá ᚠᥠááź á ᚠᡠᥠáąáá¸áááš á á° áą á០ᥠááź á áš á ᲠáĄáá°á¸á áášááááśáŻá áąááááźáášá¸ áĄááŻáášáĄáááŻáášáá áš (ááá,ááá)áąááşáŹášááᯠááášááŽá¸áąáá¸ááášáᯠCITIC á á áŽááśáááášá¸ááááłááášáąááˇáᏠááááźáášáąáááťáááŹá¸ááášá áááŻáąááŹášááášá¸ á áášááááśáŻá áášááááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áĄááźááš áááŻáĄáášááášáˇ ááŻáášááášá¸áá˝áźáášá¸ááşáášáááá˝áášáˇ áááťáŹáĄááá˝áś áááŻáášááŻáá¸ááŽááşáŹá¸á áĄááŻáášáááŹá¸áá˝áŹá¸ááášá¸ááášáááŹá¸áá ááśáŻá áśááşáŹá¸áááŻážááášáˇáá˝áşááš á áášááááśáŻáĄááźááš áĄááŻáášáááŹá¸áĄááşáŹá¸á áŻáá˝áŹ áąááşáŹáášáťáá´áťááášááá˝ áąááááśáááŻáášáąááŹáá°ááşáŹá¸ááŹáťáá ášáąáááááźáášá áĄááŻáášáĄáááŻáášááášá¸ááŽá¸áąáá¸áááá˝áášáˇá áášááşáĽášá¸á áááŻááš-áťááášáᏠáąáááśáá˝áášáˇ áááŹááááŻáášáááŻáášá¸ááášáąááŹáášááá áĽáááŹáťááááŻáášáżááŽáťáá ášááášá áąáááśáá˝áášáˇáááŹáááŤáášáąááźááááŻáášáááŻáášá¸á áŽááśáááášá¸á áááŻáášááĄáááľáá áá˝áášáˇáťááášááŹáťáááš áĄááášáááŻáášá¸áá˝ áĄááŻáášáááŹá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠáĄááášáˇáťááášáˇáĄááŻáášáĄáááŻáášááşáŹá¸ áąáá¸áąáááşááášááźááš áąááááśááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ ááŻáášááá áŹááášá¸ááŤá¸áąáᏠááášááá˝áášá¸áąáá¸ááŻáášááášá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááášá¸áąááŤáášááŻáášáąáá¸ááŻáášááášá¸áá˛áˇáááŻááąáᏠááŹááŽááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááźáášáᏠááŻáášáááŻáášáąáážááááášá áááŻááťáááš ááášááŹáąáťáááşáŹá¸ááşáášá áŽá¸ ááśáŻá¸ááśáá¸áááąážááŹáášá¸ áąááááśááźáŹááŹá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ áĄááášááŽá¸ááşáášá¸áááŻáášááśááşáŹá¸áááŻá áąááźááąáťááŹáášá¸ áĄááŻáášáááŹá¸ááşáŹá¸áĄáťáá áš ááźáŹá¸áąááŹáášáżááŽá¸áĄááŻáášááŻááš áááŻáášáąáážááááášá âáá˝áźáášáąááŹášáááŻááá˝áŹ ááŹáá˝ááášááŻáášá ááŹáĄááŻáášáááŻáááŻá áááá˝áąááŹáˇáá°á¸á ááŤáąááŹáášáá°áááŻáá áá˝áźáášáąááŹášáááŻááĄááźááš áĄááŻáášáĄáááŻáášáááá˝áąáá¸áááŻáĽáŽá¸á áŹá¸áąáḠááŻáášáąáá¸ááŹáąááźáááá˝áá°á¸á áąááááśáąááźáááš ááťááŹá¸áąáááŹáááŹáá˛áˇáá°áąááźááᯠáĽáŽá¸á áŹá¸áąáá¸áĄááŻáášááášáááŹáąááźááᯠáąááźááąááááášá áĄááŻáášáááŹá¸ áá ášáąááŹáášáá˛á áá ášáąááááŹááŻáášáĄáŹá¸áááŻááášááášá¸ áťááášááŹááşáášáąááź áá ááááşááš (áĄáąáááááášáąáááᏠá.á)áąááŹáášááŹááá˝ááášá ááŽáąááźáá˛á ááááŹá¸á ᯠáĄááźááš áááášá¸áá ášááášáąááŹáášááášá áŹá¸áááŻááááá°á¸á áá˝áźáášáąááŹášáááŻáááášáąáťááąááźáąáááá˝áŹááŹáżááŽá¸ áĄáąááŹáášáĄáĽáŽá¸áąááź ááášáąááŹáášáąáááŹááᯠááášááśá ááášáááŻááááŻááŹáᏠáąááŹášáąááŹášáˇáááŻááášááŤááášá áżááŽá¸áąááŹáˇ áá˝áźáášáąááŹášáááŻááá˝áŹ ááááášááášáąáá¸áĄááźááš ááášáˇáąááŹášáąááŹáášá¸ááźáášáá˛áˇáĄááŻááš áááŻáááŻá ááŹááášáá˝áááá˝áá°á¸âáᯠáąáááśáá˝áášáˇááŤáášáąááźáá áŽááśáááášá¸áąážááŹáášáˇ ááášááŹáąáťá ááśáŻá¸ááśáá¸ááśáááŻáášááąáᏠááášáááŹá¸áá ášáĽáŽá¸áąáťááŹáťáááŤááášá(ááááŻáášáˇáąáááś áąá áŹáášáˇážááášáˇ áąáá¸áĄááźá˛á áĄáášááŹááşá´á¸á áąááááááá)
áąááὠᏠá¸ááŤá¸áťáááš á ááš á á˝ áł áá ᯠáá ᯠá á ᯠá á ᯠḠááŤá¸áąá áťááᚠḠáąááşáŹáášáťáá´áżáááłáááášá áąááááśáťááášáá°ááşáŹá¸áááš áá˝á ášá áĽášáá˝á ášáááŻáášá¸ áąáťááŹáášáąááźáááŹáᎠááŻáášááŤááŽá¸áá˝áŹ áąááťááášááášááááŤáášááᯠáááŻá¸áááŻá¸ááŤá¸ááŤá¸ ááášáááŻáášáąáážááááŤááášá áĄáá°á¸ááťááášáˇ á¤áá˛áˇáááŻá áąááá˝áŹá¸ááŤá¸áťááášááášááááŤáášááᯠááááŹá¸á áŻááźááš áąáááášááąááááš áĄááŻáášáááŻááŻáášáááŻáášáááášáˇ áĄááşááłá¸áááŽá¸ááşáŹá¸á ááśážááááŤááášá áąááşáŹáášáťáá´ááźááš ááášáąááŹáášááášá áŽá áĽášáąáááášáˇ á áášááááśáŻ ááŻáášááášá¸áá˛áˇáááŻááąáᏠá áášááááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áááš áąááááąááŹáĄááśáŻá¸áżááŽá¸ ááŻáášáąááŹáášááąáᏠááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áťáá ášááŤááášá áąááşáŹáášáťáá´ áĄáá°á¸á áášááááśáŻáááš áá ášáąáááá˝áşááš áąáááşááłáááŹá ááŻáááŽáᏠ(á.á)ááášá¸ááášá (áááŻááááŻááš) áá ášáá˝á ášáá˝áşááš ááŻáááŽáᏠ(áááá) ááášá¸ááášáááᯠáĄááśáŻá¸áťááłááááźáášáᯠááášááá˝áášá¸ááŹá¸ááŤááášáá¤áťááááŹáááš ááášááášá¸ááşáášááá˝ á ááŻáášááşááłá¸áąáťáááşáŹá¸ááᯠáááŻá¸ááşááłá¸ ááášáąááŹááš áąá ááášáˇáĄáťáááš áąááááśáťááášáá°áááŻáá áąááááá°á áá°áááááááŻááášá¸ áááŻá¸áááŻá¸ ááŤá¸ááŤá¸ áááááŻáášáąá ááášáťáá ášááášá
áĄááą á áŹááš áť áá áš áą á ááᡠᚠáąáááś á áŤáᯠá ááš á á˝ áł áᯠá áš á áᚠḠáá˝ á ᚠᡠáááą áł á ááš á á˝ áł áᯠá áš á áᚠḠááşáŹá¸ áąáááśááŤááŻááŻáášááŻáášááşáŹá¸ááŻáášááŻáášááá áĄáŽáááášá¸ááŻáášááŻáášááá áąáááśááŤááŻáá˝ááˇášááášá áášáąáááášáˇááŻáášááŻáášááşáŹá¸ ááŻáášááŻáášáááááśáá˝áášáˇ ááśááá ááŻáášááŻáášáá á áąáᏠááŻáášááŻáášáááťáá ášá áĽášááşáŹá¸ááᯠCITIC Group á á áŽááśáááášá¸ ááááłááášáąááˇááŹááşáášááźááš áĄáąáá¸á ááášáąáááťá ááŹá¸áťááášá¸áááá˝ááŤá áĄáááášááášáˇá áźáášááá ášáá áĽáášá¸á áá ášááášá¸áááá˝áášáˇ ááąááŹášáá áĄááąááŹáášáťáá ášáąá ááá áąáᏠáżáááášá¸áąáťááŹáášáááĄááąáááš áĄááşáŹá¸áĄáťááŹá¸ááᯠááááłááášáťááášáąáááąááŹášááášá¸ CITIC ááŻáá¸ááŽááąááŹášááášá¸áąááŹáášá¸á áťááášááŹáĄá ááŻá¸áááąááŹášááášá¸áąááŹáášá¸ áááŻá¸ ááşáłáá¸ááášáąááŹáášááááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇá áášááşáĽášá¸á ááááłááášáąááˇááŹááášá¸á á ášááááşáŹá¸ ááťááłááŻáášáá˛áˇážáááŤá
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ááᯠá áš á á ᯠá áš á áś á á˝ á Da Xie á ááš á á˝ áł áᜠᯠáááŻáášáááŻáášááśááźááš á áášááááśáŻááşáŹá¸áąážááŹáášáˇáťáá ášáąáááąá áąáᏠááášááášá¸ááşáášáá ášááášá¸áá ááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ ááášááášá¸ááşáášááá˝ áá°ááĄááźá˛ááĄá áášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝ááˇáš ááŹááááášááášá¸ááşáášááᯠááşáŹá¸á áźáŹ áĄááąááášáťááłáąáááášáᯠáááŻáášáááŻáášááśáááŹáááášááášá¸ááşááš áĄááźá˛áááşáłáášáááŻáášáťááášáąáᏠáĄá áŽááášááśá áŹááźááš áąáááťáááŹá¸ááášááááááŻáášááśáťááášáá° áá°ááŻáááášá¸ á áášááááśáŻááááŻá¸ááşááłá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠááşáášááşáášáťááášááťááášá ááášáááşááš ááášáááźáášáąáážááąááżááŽá áááá- ááŻáá˝á ášááźááš Da Xie áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻááᯠCity GroupááŻáá¸ááŽá á ááášáĄáąááŹááš ááášáąááááášáąááŹáášáá˛áˇááášá áá áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻááźááš áąááşáŹáášáťáá´áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻá ááášáąááŹáášááášá áŽá áĽáš áąááąáᏠáąáááśááŤááŻá áášááááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ ááŤááŻá áášááááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˛áˇáááŻá áĄááŽá¸áĄááŹá¸ááá˝áżáááłááąááááášá¸áááşáŹá¸áąááááźááš áąááŹáášáąááŤáášá¸ááşáŹá¸ á áášááśáŻáąáááŹáąáťááŹáášá¸áąááźááąáá¸áááš á áášáá ááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááŤááášáąáááášá áĄáťááášááźáŹá¸ááźáášáťáá ášáąáᏠáĄáááŻá፠Da Xie á áźáŹáąááŹáťááášáá°áááŻáá áááľáťááąááŹáášá¸áááŻáá áťáá ášááźáŹá¸áá˛áˇáżááŽá¸áąááŹááš áááŻáášáĄáŹááŹáááŻááš á áŽááśáááášá¸áááš áĄááŽá¸áĄááŹá¸ááá˝ áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášáá˝ááˇáš áá°ááááášááášá¸ááşáášáááŻá ááşáŹá¸á Dalian ááá˝ áąáááśááŤááŻá áášááśáŻááᯠáááášáá ášáááš áĄáááášá ááᯠááşáŹá¸á áźáŹá¸ááśáŻá¸ááśáá¸áąá áá˛áˇááŤááášá áĄááááťááááŹáá ášááŻáá˝áŹ á áášááááśáŻ áĄááźááš ááşáá˝áášáá˛áˇááááš ááááĄá á áŽá áĽášááŹá¸ááášáááš áąááááŹááĄááşáŹá¸áĄáťááŹá¸áááŻááśáŻá¸á áźá˛áá˛áˇ áťááášá¸áťáá ášáżááŽá¸á áááŻáĄááşááłá¸ááášáąážááŹáášáˇááášáá˝áşááš áąááááśáťááášáá°ááşáŹá¸ áąááá˝áŹá¸ááŤá¸áťááášááášáááá˝ááˇášááášáááŻáášáá˛áˇážááááášááááá -ááŻáá˝á ášááźááš áĄááŽá¸ áĄááŹá¸ááá˝ áąááşá¸ááźáŹá¸ááşáŹá¸áááš áąááááŽá¸áááĄááąááášáá˝áášáˇááášáááŻáášááŹááżááŽá¸ áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáááśáŻ áĄáťááášááášááźááš ááášáááźáášáááľáťáááźá˛áá ášáᯠáťááłááŻáášáá˛áˇážááżááŽá¸á áĄááášáĄáąááźá¸áááášáˇááşáááˇáš áąáááźáášá¸áąáááŻáášá áá ášááᯠáĄááśáŻá¸áťááłáááĄááźáášááášá¸ ááŻáá¸ááŽááşáŹá¸ááᯠáťááášá¸áťááášá¸áááš áááš áťáá ášááášáąáááášáá˛áˇážááąáááášá áąááŹáášáá ášáá˝á ášááášááĄážááŹááźááš áĄááŽá¸áĄááŹá¸ááá˝ááášááŹáąáťáááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ áťááášáá°áá°áᯠáąááááŻáášááŹáąáááŹááşáŹá¸áááŻá ááááŻááášá¸áááŹá ááŽáááŻááááš(ááá)áąááşáŹáš áááŻáááášáá áťáá ášááźáŹá¸áá˛áˇáąáááášá ááááŻááášá¸áąážááŹáášáˇ (á)ááŽááᯠááŽááŹáĄáąáá¸áĄááźáášá¸ááá˝áąáᏠáąááŹáášáá˛ááŽá¸áá˝áśááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹááášá¸ ááşáášá áŽáá˛áˇááąáááášá áááŻáááŻá áááŻáááášáááťáá ášááźáŹá¸áżááŽá¸ ááŤá¸ááášáĄááźáášá¸ááźááš áĄááŽá¸áĄááŹá¸ááá˝ ááźáŹááŹá¸(ááá)áĽáŽá¸áá˝áŹ ááááŻááášá¸áĄáááášááášáˇáááąážááŹáášá¸ ááá¸áąááťááášá¸á áąáĄáŹáˇáĄáśáťááášá¸á áĄáąáá¸áťááŹá¸ááŹá¸ááśáťááášá¸á áąáᏠáąááááŹááşáŹá¸áąážááŹáášáˇ áąáá¸ááśáŻáááŻáááźáŹá¸áąááŹáášáżááŽá¸ áąáá¸ááŻáááááşáŹá¸ááśáá˛áˇááąáááášá Da Xie áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáááśáŻá áĄáááŻááŤááááŻáááášáááŻáááášáááááášá¸áááŻáááášááşáášáżááŽá¸ ááášáááŻááá˝ááťáá ášááášáˇááášáťááášáˇ ááááŻááášá¸ ááŻáášááŻáášááááᯠáąááŹáášááśáŻá¸ááášááášááááŻáášáąáĄáŹáášáá ááášááášááŻáášááŻáášáąááá˛áˇááášá áááá ááŻáá˝á ášááźááš á áśáŻá áášá¸á á ášáąáá¸áááá ášááášááᯠáťááłááŻáášáá˛áˇáżááŽá¸ áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşááš áĄááşáłáá¸ááášáąááŹáášáááááŻáášáᏠá áśáŻá áášá¸áááĄá áŽááášááśá áŹáá ášááŻááᯠááŻáášáťááášáá˛áˇáᏠáááŻáĄá áŽááášááśá áŹá á áášááááśáŻáá˝ áąááŹáášááášáťáá ášáąááááŹááášáˇ áąáááśáá˝áášáˇááŤáᯠáááŻáááášáááĄááąááášáááŻáááŻáááášá¸ áąááşáŹáˇááşááźáŹá¸áąáĄáŹááš áťááłááŻáášáąááŹáášááźáášáá ááśáŻá¸ááááá˝áá˛áˇáᯠáąáááťáááŹá¸ááášá
á áś á áşá á áš á áś á á á ᚠḠáááš á ᲠᡠṠááá CITIC ááŻáá¸ááŽá ááááŻáááá¸ááŽá áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášáĽááąáááşáŹá¸áĄááŤáĄáááš áťááášááŹáťááášááźáášá¸áĽááąáááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ á áśááşááášá áśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ ááᯠáááŻáášááŹááşáášáˇááśáŻá¸ááášáᯠá áŽááśáááášá¸ááááłááášáąááˇááŹááááźááš áąáááťáááŹá¸ááášá áááŻááąááŹášááášá¸ áťááášááŹáˇááŤááŽááášá áááááᯠááášáááźááš áĄááášáťááłáťáááŹáášá¸áááŻáášáąáᏠáááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášáĽááąáááźááš áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášáá˝áášáˇ áťááášáá°áá°ááŻááᯠáĄááŹáĄááźáášáąáá¸áááŻáášááášáˇ áĄáąáá¸ááŤáąááŹáťáááŹáášá¸ááşáášááşáŹá¸ ááášá¸áá˛áˇáąáááášáááŻáąááźááááŤááášá áĽááąáááźááš áááááášááášá¸ááşáášá áá°ááááášááášá¸ááşááš áĄááşááłá¸áááš áąááŹáášáááááŻáášáᏠááśáŻá¸ááášáąááˇááŹáá áąááŹáášáá°áťááášá¸áĄááźááš áĄáąáá¸á áááš á áśááşááášáá áśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠááášáˇááźáášá¸áťáááŹáášá¸ááŹá¸áťááášá¸áááá˝áąááşá ááááš áťááášáá°áá°ááŻááᯠáááášá¸ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸ááášáˇ ááášá¸á áá ášááşáŹá¸á ááşááźáŹáąáḠáááŻááááŻááš áá°ááĄááźáášáˇáĄáąáá¸áááŻáášáᏠáĄááşááłá¸ááášáąááŹáášáá ááśáŻá¸ááášáąááˇááŹáááąááŹáášáá°áťááášá¸á áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášáĄáááşáłá¸ááášáąááŹáášáá áááŻáášáᏠáĄáá°á¸áąááˇááŹááśáŻá¸ááášááşáášáąááŹáášááśáá (Strategic Environmental Assessment)(áááŻááááŻááš) á áźáášááá ášáá áĽáášá¸ áá˝áášá¸ ááášá¸áąáá¸á áŽááśáąááŹáášááźáášáá ááŻáášáąááŹáášááşáášááşáŹá¸áááŻááášá¸ áĽááąáááźááš ááášáˇááźáášá¸áąáááťáááŹá¸áťááášá¸áááá˝áąááşá áááŻááťáááš áťááášááŹáááŻáášááś áĽááąáááźááš áĄá ááŻá¸ááá˝áášáˇ áááŻáášááśáťááŹá¸ááášáá˝áŽá¸áťáá˝áłáášáá˝áśáá°ááşáŹá¸áĄáąááťááášáˇ ááźááśáżáááłá¸áááŻá¸ááášáąáḠá áŽááśáááášá¸á áŹááşáłáášá áŹááášá¸ááŻááášáᏠáĄáąáá¸á áááš áĄááşáášáĄááášááşáŹá¸ááᯠáťááášáá°áá°ááŻáááŻá ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áááášáˇáᯠáťáááŹáášá¸ááŹá¸áťááášá¸ááá˝áááá˛áˇáááŻáá áá áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝ áááá˝áᏠáąáᏠáááŹááášáąááźááşáŹá¸áááŻááášá¸ ááŹáá°ááśááá ááŹááášáá°áááááŻááťááášáˇ ááźáášáˇááášá¸áťááášááŹá áźáŹ á áŽááśááášáááźá˛ ááŻáášáąááŹáášáąá ááášááźááš áżááŽá¸áťááášáˇá áśáŻáąáᏠááŻáášááśáŻá¸ááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááášá¸áááá˝ááŤá á¤áááŻá á áśááşááášá áśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááášá¸áá˛áˇáąááťááášá¸áááášá¸ áĄááşáášáˇááşáášáťáá áŹá¸ááááᯠááşáŹá¸á áźáŹáťáá ášáąáááąá ááŤááášá
áťáááš á á° á á° á ᯠá á ᯠᥠááŹáĄááź á áš áą áá¸áá ᯠá áš á áᚠᡠáĄáąáá¸ááŤáąááŹáťáááŹáᚠḠááşááš á áşáŹá¸ ááź á áš á ááš á ០Ꮰááá áł áááš á á á á á˝ á áŹá¸áááš á áŹá¸ááᚠᡠááąááŹáá° á Ꭰá á ( FPIC) ááášááášáˇááśáźááżáááłá¸áąáá¸á áŽááśáááášá¸áááᯠáá áŽááśáááášá¸áá ááášáᎠá áŽááśáááášá¸áĄá áŽáĄá áĽášááşáŹá¸áá˝áášáˇ áťááášáá°áá°ááŻáĄáąááááášáąááŹáášááŹááášáˇ á áŽááśáááášá¸ áĄááşááłá¸ ááášááşáŹá¸á áááášá¸áĄááşáášáĄáááš áĄáťááášáˇáĄá áśáŻááᯠáťááášáá°áá°ááŻáĄáŹá¸ áĄáááąáá¸ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áááášá áááŻáááŻá áťááłááŻáášáąáá¸áá˝áᏠá áŽááśáááášá¸áĄáąáá ááąááŹáá°ááźáášáťááłááşáášáá˝áášáˇá áášááşáĽášá¸á áżáááášá¸áąáťááŹáášáĄááşáášáááŻáášááśááááááá˝áᲠáťááášáá°áá°áᯠáĄáąááťááášáˇ áąááˇááŹááśáŻá¸ááášááąááźá¸áąááźá¸áááŻáášááášáťáá ášáżááŽá¸á á áŽááśáááášá¸áĄááźáášáááŻáĄáášááášáˇáąáťááŹáášá¸áá˛ááááşáŹá¸ áááŻááááŻááš ááášáááášááşááš ááşáŹá¸áááŻááášá¸ áąááŹáášá¸áááŻáááŻáášááášáťáá ášááášá FPICááᯠáááťáŹáˇááŻááááá˘ááŹáąááááŻáášá¸ááášá¸ááŹá¸ááşáŹá¸áááŻáášáᏠáĄááźáášáˇáĄáąáá¸áąážááťáᏠá áŹááášá¸ (UNDRIP) áá˝áášáˇ áááŻáášááśáááŹáąááźáąážáá¸áąááŹášáááŻáąáá¸áá˝áášá¸(IFC) áááŻááĄá áĄááášáťááłááşáá˝ááš ááŹá¸áťááášá¸áťáá ášááášá
á áᏠá á ááš á áᚠḠá áş áᚠᥠáá áş áłá¸ á ááš áą áᏠááš á á áá ᯠááš áᏠᥠáᰠḠṠáᡠáᏠáᜠᯠḠá ááš á áş ááš áą áᏠááš ááś á á (Strat egic Environment Assessment) á¤áťáááŹáášááşáášáááš á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááá°áááąáḠááá áĽááášááşáŹá¸ááŤááášááášáˇ áĄááśáŻá¸á áśáŻáááášá¸áżááśáłáááŻáášááášáˇ áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášáĄáááşáłá¸áááš áąááŹáášáááááŻáášáᏠáĄáá°á¸áąááˇááŹááśáŻá¸ááášááşáášáąááŹáášááśáá áá ášááášáťáá ášááášá á¤áąááˇááŹááśáŻá¸ááášááşááš áąááŹáášááśááá áá ášááźááš áĄáąááŹáášááášáąááááŹááášáˇ á áŽááśáááášá¸ááᯠáááŻáášááśáˇáĄááşááłá¸ááŹá¸áá°ááŤááąáá¸ááŹááşáŹá¸áá˝ááˇáš ááášá áášááŹá¸áżááŽá¸á á áŽááśáááášá¸áĄááźááš áĄá áŹá¸áááŻá¸ ááŻááášááášáˇáĄááŹááşáŹá¸ááᯠáąááˇááŹááááşáŹá¸áťááłááŻáášáťááášá¸áá˝áášáˇ áąááá˝áášááášááˇáśáááŻáášáżáá˛áťááášá¸áááŻáááᯠáĄáąáá¸ááá°áąááŹáášááźáášááŻáášáąááŹáášáťááášá¸ áááŻáááášá¸ááŤááášááášá
áááŹááááš á áᚠḠááşááš á áá° á á á ááš á áᚠḠááşááš á ááşá០Ꮰáąáá¸áá˝ á ᡠᚠá á° á ᥠááź á ᚠᡠṠáá¸áá ᯠá áš á Ꮰáąáᡠá áŹáᜠᯠḠáááš á áşááš áąááŹááš á áś á á ( EIA,SIA,HIA ,and HRIA) á¤ááŻáášáąááŹáášááááşáŹá¸áá˝áŹ ááášáąááŹáášááŹááášáˇ á áŽááśáááášá¸áá ášááŻáąážááŹáášáˇáťáá ášáąááááŹááášáˇ áĄááşááłá¸ááşááłá¸áąáᏠáĄááşááłá¸ááášáąááŹáášáá ááşáŹá¸áĄáąáá ááźá˛áťááášá¸á ááášáťááŹááŹá¸áᏠáááĄáááŻááš áąááŹáášááśááŹá¸áąáᏠáąááˇááŹááśáŻá¸ááášááşááš áąááŹáášááśááááşáŹá¸áťáá ášááášá á áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááášáąááŹáášáááš áĄááášáťááł ááąááŹáá°ááŽááááşáŹá¸ááťááłááŻáášáᎠáĄááášá፠áąááˇááŹááśáŻá¸ááášááşáášááşáŹá¸ááᯠáąááŹáášááśáżááŽá¸ áťááášáá°áá°ááŻááśáááŻá áĄáááąáá¸ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áááášá áááŻáááŻááĄáááąáá¸ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áá˝áᏠááášáąááŹáášááŹááášáˇ áááŻá¸ááşááłá¸ááşáŹá¸ááᯠááŹááźáášáťááášá¸ áááŻááááŻááš áąááşáŹáˇááşááźáŹá¸áąáĄáŹááš áąááŹáášááźáášáťááášá¸áááŻáááᯠáťááłááŻáášáááŻáášáááš áťáá ášááášá
áĄážááś áť ááłáᯠá á áš á áź á ᚠḠááşááš á áşáŹá¸ áťááášááŹáááŻáášááśáá˛áááŻá áááŻáášááśáťááŹá¸ááášá¸áá˝áŽá¸áťááłáášáá˝áśááááşáŹá¸ áĄááśáŻá¸áĄááášá¸áťááášáˇ ááášáąááŹáášááŹáąáááášáˇáĄááźááš áťááášááŹáťááášáá°áá°ááŻáá˝ááˇáš áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášááᯠáĄáąááŹáášááťá° ááłáąá ááᚠᡠáąááá˝áá áš ááš ááśá ᡠá áᯠáżáš áá˛áąááŹááźáżááś áááłá¸áááŻá¸ááášáá á áşááłá¸ááᯠáĄáá°á¸áĽáŽá¸á áŹá¸áąáá¸ááŻáášáąááŹááš áááášá áąááşáŹáášáťáá´ áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻáá˛áˇáááŻááąáᏠá áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áááš áąááááśáťááášáá°áá°ááŻá áá°áááá áá˝ááˇáš áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşááš áááŻááĄááźááš áżáááášá¸áąáťááŹáášáááá ášááášáťáá ášááášá áťááášááŹáťááášááźááš á¤á áŽááśáááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˛áˇáááŻá áĄááŹá¸áá° áĄááąááášáťáá ášáąá ááášáˇ á áŽááśáááášá¸ áĄááşáŹá¸áĄáťááŹá¸ááá˝áá˛áˇáżááŽáťáá ášááášá áááŻááąážááŹáášáˇ áąáĄáŹáášáąáááťáá፠áĄáááśáťááłáááŻáášááźáášá¸ááşáášááşáŹá¸áĄáááŻáášá¸ áááŻáášááŹáąááŹáášááźáášáá ááťááłááŻááš áááŻáášááąááźá á áŽááśáááášá¸ááᯠááášááášáááŹá¸áááášáᯠááááŻáášáąáááśáąá áŹáášáˇážááášáˇáąáá¸áĄááźá˛áá áá ášáá ášááş ááśáŻážááášááŹá¸ááŤááášá ⢠CITIC ááŻáá¸ááŽáá˝áášáˇ áťááášááŹáĄá ááŻá¸ááááŻááááš á áŽááśáááášá¸áá˝áášáˇáááŻáášááášáˇáĄáąáá¸á ááášáĄááşáášááášááşáŹá¸ááᯠáťááášáá°áá°ááŻáĄáŹá¸ áĄáá áąáá¸ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áááášá áĄáá°á¸ááťááášáˇ áááááŻáášááśáá°ááĄááźá˛ááĄá áášá¸ááşáŹá¸ á ááášáááŻáášááášáˇ áááŻáášááśáąáá¸ááŤááŽááşáŹá¸ áá˝áášáˇ áĄááášááášáĄ ááźá˛ááĄá áášá¸ááşáŹá¸áĄáŹá¸ áĄáááŻááŤá áŽááśáááášá¸áĄááşáášáĄááášááşáŹá¸ááᯠááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áááášáťáá ášááášá ⢠á áŽááśáááášá¸áá ááášáᎠáááááŻáášááś áá°áĄááźá˛ááĄá áášá¸ááşáŹá¸ááśáá˝ ááźáášááášá áźáŹááááłááášááááá˝ ááŹá¸ááášááŹá¸ááášáˇ ááąááŹáá°ááŽááááᯠ(FPIC )ááᯠáąááŹáášá¸ááśáááášá ⢠áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşááš áĄáááşáłá¸ááášáąááŹáášáááááŻáášááŹáĄáá°á¸áąááˇááŹááśáŻá¸ááášááşááš (SEA)á áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášá áá°ááááášááášá¸ááşáášáá˝áášáˇ ááşááźáŹáąáá¸áááŻáášáᏠáĄááşááłá¸ááášáąááŹáášáá áąááˇááŹááśáŻá¸ááášááşáášááşáŹá¸ááᯠá áŽááśáááášá¸áá ááášáᎠáąááŹáášááś áżááŽá¸ áťááášáá°áá°ááŻááśáááŻá áĄáááąáá¸ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áááášá ⢠áąááááźáášá¸áááááŻáášááś áťááášáá°ááşáŹá¸áĄáąááťááášáˇ áááááááŻáá áĄááŻá¸áĄááášáááášááŹáąáťáááşáŹá¸ááᯠááášáá˝áášááŹá¸ááášáˇ áąáá˝áşáŹášáąážáá¸áąááźáĄáąáá á áźáášáááźáášááá áźáášáááźáášáááŻááášáááŻáááᯠáĄááášá¸áĄááşáášáááŻáášááźáášáá(áááŻááááŻááš) áżáááášá¸áąáťááŹáášááááşáŹá¸ áááá˝áąá ááᲠááźáášááášá áźáŹ áąááźá¸ááşáášáááŻáášááźáášáˇááá˝áąá áááášá ⢠áááŹáááášááášá¸ááşáášá áá°ááĄááźáášáˇáĄáąáá¸áá˝áášáˇ áá°ááááááŹááźáŹáąá áŹáášáˇáąáá˝áŹáášááááşáŹá¸ áťááłááŻáášááŹááźááš áááŻáášááśáááŹá áśááşááášá áśáááášá¸ áĄáááŻáášá¸áááŻáášááŹáąááŹáášááźáášáááášá ⢠áĄááŻáášáĄáááŻáášááášá¸ááŽá¸áąáá¸áąááá˝áášáˇá áášááşáĽášá¸á áąááááś áĄááŻáášáááŹá¸ áĄááśáŻá¸áťááłááááᯠááášáááŻáááášááśáŻ áĽáŽá¸á áŹá¸áąáá¸áąááŹáášááźáášááášá áááŻááŻáášááŹá¸ááşáŹá¸áĄáŹá¸ ááášáááŻáááášááśáŻ áąááˇááşáášáˇááášážááŹá¸áąáá¸ááášáááŻááášáááŻáááᯠááááááşááş áąáááťáááŹá¸áąááŹáĄá áŽáĄá áĽáš áááášááŹá¸ááá˝áááášá ⢠ááááášáąááźááşáŹá¸áááŻááášá¸ ááźáášáˇááášá¸áťááášááŹá áźáŹáááŻáášááźáášáżááŽá¸á áťááášáá°áá°ááŻááśáááŻá áĄáááąáá¸ááŻáášáťááášáąáá¸áááášá
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á§ááŹá áááŻáášá áášááááśáŻáááŽá¸á ááááŻáášááášá¸áááŻá¸ááášá¸áąááááᯠáżáááášá¸áąáťááŹáášáąááąááżáᎠáááŻáášáááŻáášááśá áĄáąááŹáášááášáąááááášáąááŹáášááášáťááášááášáąáááášáˇ á áášááááśáŻáááŽá¸á ááááŻáášáťááášááášááá˝ áąááááś áťááášáá°áąááŹáášáąááŤáášá¸ááşáŹá¸áááŻáá áá°áááááá˝áášáˇ áťááášááŹáˇááŻááááĄáááŽá¸ááŹá¸ááśáŻá¸áááŻáąááŹáááŽá¸áááŻááĄáŹá¸ ááášáááŻáááášááśáŻ áżáááášá¸áąáťááŹáášáąááááš ááᯠááááŻáášáˇáąáááśáąá áŹáášáˇážááášáˇáąáá¸áĄááźá˛áá áĄáá ášááŻáášáąááááŻáášáąáᏠâáĄááąááŹáášááśáŻâ áĄááášááá˝ áĄá áŽááášááśá áŹááźááš ááŻáášáąáááááŻáášááášá áťááášááŹáťááášáááŻáťááášááášá¸ááźáášááášá¸áąááąáᏠáąáááś áá˝áášáˇ áááŹáááŤáášáąááźááááŻáášáááŻáášá¸ ááŹááŽááášááşáŹá¸ áĄááŽá¸ááááŻááš ááźááš ááášáąááŹáášááášá áŽá áĽášáąáááášáˇ á ááŻááášá¸ááŽáááŻááŽáᏠ(ááá) ááşáášááášá¸ááášáˇ áąááşáŹáášáťáá´ áĄáá°á¸á áŽá¸ááźáŹá¸áąáá¸ááśáŻ áąážááŹáášáˇ áąááááśááşá¸ááźáŹáąááŤáášá¸ (áá)ááášááá áąáťááŹáášá¸áąááźáááśáááášáťáá ášááášá áĄáťááŹá¸áááášááźáášááášá¸ áąáááśááŤáᯠáá˝áášáˇ áááąáłá áášááááŻáášááášá¸ááşáŹá¸áá˝
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Danger zone Giant Chinese industrial zone threatens Burmaâs Arakan coast Chinaâs plans to build a giant industrial zone at the terminal of its Shwe gas and oil pipelines on the Arakan coast will damage the livelihoods of tens of thousands of islanders and spell doom for Burmaâs second largest mangrove forest. The 120 sq km âKyauk Phyu Special Economic Zoneâ (SEZ) will be managed by Chinese state-owned CITIC group on Ramree island, where China is constructing a deep sea port for ships bringing oil from the Middle East and Africa. An 800-km railway is also being built from Kyauk Phyu to Yunnan, under a 50 year BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) agreement, forging a Chinese-managed trade corridor from the Indian Ocean across Burma. Investment in the railway and SEZ, Chinaâs largest in Southeast Asia, is estimated at US $109 billion over 35 years. Construction of the pipelines and deep-sea port has already caused large-scale land confiscation. Now 40 villages could face direct eviction from the SEZ, while many more fear the impacts of toxic waste and pollution from planned petrochemical and metal industries. No information has been provided to local residents about the projects. It is urgently needed to have stringent regulations in place to protect the people and environment before projects such as these are implemented in Burma.
Published by Arakan Oil Watch/ December, 2012
Rural islanders of Kyauk Phyu under threat Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone is located on Kyauk Phyu Township of Burma’s Arakan State. Over 200,000 people live in the township. Farming and fishing are the main livelihoods in this quiet and rural area, which has numerous tidal channels and creeks. However, in the last few years the Shwe gas and oil pipelines project has disrupted local communities, with confiscation of farm lands and loss of fishing areas leading to migration from the area.
Kyauk Phyu SEZ
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The Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone In December 2009 and February 2011, China and Burma signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) for the construction of the Kyauk Phyu Economic and Technological Development Zone. Under the MoU with Burma's Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, CITIC Group will construct a Special Economic Zone, including expansion of a deep sea port, railway, airport and industrial areas. Its subsidiary CITIC Construction Company Limited has made further agreements to cooperate on this project with the Htoo Company, owned by military crony Tay Za. According to a feasibility study1 by CITIC Construction Company, the zone will require an initial investment of US$ 8.3 billion and a total US$ 89.2 billion over 35 years, using 120 Km² (30,000 acres) of land as well as 70 Km² of waterways.
City Cluster (28 km²)
KYAUK PHYU
- 2,000 MW power plant (unspecified fuel source), - Industrial water and sewage plants - Residential areas, business centres, hospitals, schools and tourist areas.
RAMREE ISLAND
Logistics Cluster (24 km²) - Airport expansion - 250 million-ton capacity wharf to accommodate 300,000-ton freighters. - Sea port - Railway and logistics park to store 10 million tons of goods.
5 km
City Cluster Logistic Cluster
Gas pipeline
Logistic Cluster Industrial Cluster
Oil pipeline
Reserved Area Industrial Cluster
Road
Reserved Area
Mangrove forest
(future expansion)
Industrial Cluster (40 km²) ⢠Oil refinery and petrochemical industries (12 km²) - Refined oil, 10 million tons/year - Ethylene, 800,000 tons/year - Other petrolchemical products, 1.5 million tons/year - Fertilizer, LNG etc, 3 million tons/year
⢠Metal Industries
(14 km²)
- Iron and steel, 5 million tons/year - Other refined metals, 300,000 tons/year
⢠Marine Service Industry (3 km²) - Two marine docks to service regional shipping traffic and dismantle old ships for sale of materials.
⢠Processing and manufacturing industries (11 km²) - Agricultural and aquatic products, gems and wood. - Textiles, metal, plastics, car parts and electrical appliances.
Japanese Engineering Company Involvement In October 2012, plans for the Special Economic Zone involving the Japanese engineering company Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. were presented by the Burmaâs Deputy minister of Labour Myint Thein at a meeting in Yangon. The focus of the plan is agro industrial and residential areas. Communities, civil society or political parties from the affected area have yet to be informed how or if the Nippon Koei plan (map below) relates to the original CITIC Group plan (on the previous page) and who has funded the study. 2
City Cluster Logistic Cluster Industrial Cluster Gas pipeline Oil pipeline Mangrove forest
China-Kyauk Phyu Railway and Highway The project includes an 800 km railway to connect Kyauk Phyu to Ruili in Chinaâs southern Yunnan province. The MoU was signed in April 2011 between Myanmarâs Rail Transportation Ministry and Chinaâs Railways Engineering Corporation. The railway will run through the cities Ann, Minbu, Magway, Mandalay, Lashio and Muse. The US$ 20 billion project was originally set for completion in 2015. 3 The MoU is based on a 50-year BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) agreement, under which the China will fund and construct the railway and operate it for half a century before handing it over to the Burma authorities. Revenues and control over allocation of jobs will be in the hands of Chinese entities during this period. High-speed trains carrying up to 4,000 tons of goods will run at speeds of up to 170 km per hour. There are also plans to construct a highway between Kyauk Phyu and Ruili in China, with an MoU between the two countries signed in 2010. However, there is no further information available about the exact route.
Kyauk Phyu
Rail way:
Why does China want the Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone? In 2006, Chinaâs president Hu Jintao outlined a new âgoing globalâ strategy, which included an increase in the number of Chinese Special Economic Zones globally. The main stated reasons were to find new markets for Chinese goods and services, build up Chinese brand names and increase Chinaâs foreign investments. A Free Trade Agreement between China and the ASEAN nations signed in 2010 created further incentives for trade between the nations. The Kyauk Phyu project will be Chinaâs largest SEZ project in Southeast Asia and according to the feasibility study, the ASEAN market will be targeted through âexport-orientedâ manufacturing and processing industries.
Construction of Chinaâs seaport at Maday Island, Kyauk Phyu Township.
The Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone will be connected to Yunnan through the rail link, the highway and the Shwe gas and oil pipelines corridor, providing China with strategic access to the Indian Ocean. By facilitating transport of natural resources and goods through Burma, China will save a 1,200 km detour through the Straits of Malacca, or one week shipping time. The SEZ is proposed to refine natural resources such as petrochemicals and iron, some of which will be further processed in new manufacturing industries including plastics, car parts and electronics.
Who is CITIC Group? CITIC Group is one of the largest multinational conglomerates in China, founded in 1979. In fiscal year 2009 it had annual revenues of over US$ 22 billion and ranked within the Fortune 500 largest corporations in the world. CITIC operates mainly in financial services, properties investment, project contracting, energy, infrastructure, transportation and machinery manufacturing. CITIC Construction Company is one of the 44 wholly owned subsidiaries of CITIC Group operating in Africa, South America, the Middle East and Central Asia.4
Who is Nippon Koei Co., Ltd? Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. is a Japanese engineering consultant company focussing on energy and infrastructure projects. The company has conducted a series of feasibility studies in Burma since 1981 on controversial projects such as Tasang, Yeywa and Tenasserim dams and other projects.
Who is Htoo Trading? Htoo Trading Company is a subsidiary of the Htoo Group of Companies (HGC), a Burmese holding company. Its CEO and managing director is Tay Za, who has close links with former junta leader Than Shwe and Thura Shwe Mann, speaker of Burmaâs lower house. Htoo Trading Company was involved in construction of Naypyidaw as well as other projects in agriculture, transportation, shipping, mining, hotels and tourism. Aung Thet Mann, son of Thura Shwe Mann, is a director of Htoo Trading Company and on the board of HGC.
Devastation of Livelihoods The construction of the Special Economic Zone will multiply the already unfolding impacts of the Burma-China oil and gas pipelines. Massive industrialization will have devastating consequences for tens of thousands of farmers and fishermen who have been neither informed nor consulted about the plans.
Land confiscation and relocation of villages According to project maps, the 120 km² zone could lead to the relocation of about 40 villages as well as parts of Kyauk Phyu town.This, in addition to the loss of large areas of farmlands, will directly affect tens of thousands of people. None of these communities nor local government officials have been informed or consulted about the project. Construction of the Shwe pipelines and associated infrastructure has already led to the confiscation of thousands of acres of valuable farmlands. Most of these confiscations were involuntary.
A farmer from Maday Island said, âI at first refused to sign the agreement paper for confiscation of my farm land. However police threatened to arrest me immediately in front of officials from MOGE and CNPC if I didnât sign the agreement paper. So I had to sign it as there was no choice.â(Arakan Oil Watch interview, May, 2010)
A 60-year-old woman who lost her rice fields in Radana village said, âI have received 600,000 kyats (US $ 700) as half of the compensation for my land. I donât know when the other half will come. I only got compensation for one third of my land taken by the company. Compensation for the other parts were taken by corrupt officials by naming other people as co-land owners.ââ (Arakan Oil Watch interview-May 2012)
Another villager said, âThe compensation did not equal the real value of the land. We canât buy another plot of land with that money. No one wants to lose their land. What they did to us is sinking our life. We made our living with this land and now we donât know how to continue our life anymore.â (Arakan Oil Watch interview, May, 2012)
Impact on fisheries The construction of wharfs and coastland industries for the zone will directly impact a minimum of 70 Km² of coastal waterways. The frequent traffic of up to 300,000-ton freighters and deep sea fishing in the corridor leading into the deep sea port will likely destroy the local small-scale fishing industries. Toxic wastes and pollution from shipping and industries will threaten fish stocks and the local ecology. Exploration of the Shwe gas fields and construction of an undersea pipeline, which involved dynamiting coral reefs, have already depleted fish populations and restricted access to fishing grounds for local fisherfolk. A fisherman from Maday island said, âSince they started building the seaport, I havenât been able to fish freely like before. Before the project, I could make 100 to 200,000 kyat (US$ 120-240) profit and sometimes I even made 500,000 kyat (US$ 600) in one fishing trip. Now, I can barely make money to cover the fuel cost, and canât make a living any more.â (Arakan Oil Watch interview, June 2012)
Jobs for whom? CITICâs feasibility study claims that the SEZ will bring over 100,000 new jobs to the area in the first phase. However, the skill levels required for the industries in the zone and the hiring patterns of Chinese companies globally will mean that most of the labour pool is likely to come from outside Kyauk Phyu. The construction of Chinaâs oil and gas pipelines already illustrates this: local people were able to obtain only low wage and temporary work clearing land and constructing roads while skilled jobs were given to workers from China, India and central Burma. In addition, due to the loss of farmlands, many villagers were forced to migrate to work in neighboring countries. A local farmer who has lost his farm land to oil and gas project said, âThey donât prioritize us for jobs even though we have nothing left to work on. Outsiders are offered jobs rather than local villagers here. Workers can only get 1,500 kyat (US$ 1.8) per day. It canât buy enough food for the family. It is difficult to accept that they are constructing buildings in our lands but we canât get a proper job to earn a living.â (Arakan Oil Watch Interview, May 2012)
Exacerbating water scarcity Communities in Kyuk Phyu face chronic water shortages at the end of every dry season. This particularly impacts women as they are the traditional gatherers of water. Industrial complexes such as those planned in Kyauk Phyu use huge amounts of water. It is estimated that the SEZ would use approximately 3.6 million cubic metres of fresh water per day, or 1,314 million cubic metres per year.5 This would affect the surrounding farmlands and put critical strain on the daily lives of local communities.
Photo: AOW
Toxic petrochemical and metal industries CITIC Group’s feasibility study provides no detailed information about planned processing stages in the production of petroleum products, ethylene, and related petrochemical products as well as production of iron and steel. Despite the threat of toxic waste, pollution and accidents, neither CITIC nor the government has conducted any impact assessments.
Petrochemical products, such as refined oil, ethylene and chemical fertilizer
Air pollution from smoke stacks, including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide; waste water, including ammonia, cyanide and heavy metals, contamination of ground water; fire and explosions of flammable toxic chemicals; oil spills
Iron and steel
Air pollution from smoke stacks, including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide; waste water, including ammonia and cyanide, contamination of ground water; large amounts of slag waste and dust, which can contaminate ground water.
AFP In July 2010, explosions at oil pipelines at Dalian Xingang Oil port in China caused an oil spill that spread over 430 km2 within a week.6 The facilities were managed by the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), which also manages the Kyauk Phyu China port pipelines. Chinese government officials reported that 1,500 tons of crude oil spilled into the sea, but no assessment on the impact of the spill on fish and sea birds was ever carried out.
Lessons From Other Industrial Zones Map Ta Phut - Thailand The Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone will be five times larger than the controversial Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate in Thailandâs eastern province of Rayong. Built in 1988, Map Ta Phut includes a deep sea port and the largest centre of petrochemical industries in Thailand. Environmental organizations and local communities have fought to close down the factories due to extremely high cancer-related deaths - 2,000 since 1990 serious pollution of shallow well water, water shortages and air pollution. Numerous accidents have taken place in Map Ta Phut over the last decades, most recently in May 2012 when explosions and a fire broke out in a petrochemical factory, killing 12 and injuring 129 people.The next day a chemical leakage in another nearby factory hospitalized 138 workers. Due to public pressure, petrochemical industries cannot further expand in Thailand, which has led to relocating these harmful industries to Burma through the development of the Dawei Special Economic Zone.
âSome industries are not suitable to be located in Thailand⌠This is why they decided to set up there.â Former Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva, referring to Thai investments in Dawei
Mangrove Forest Under Threat The zone threatens to devastate Burmaâs second largest mangrove forest, which lines the coastal areas of Kyauk Phyu and neighbouring Ramree Township. The mangroves provide a crucial habitat for a large number of marine species as well as protection from natural disasters such as cyclones and tsunamis.There is a high risk that toxic waste from petrochemical and other industries will cause irreparable damage to the sensitive mangrove ecosystem.
Dawei - Burma Influenced by the growth of economic zones in China, Burma’s former junta leader General Than Shwe finalized plans for Special Economic Zones in Kyauk Phyu, Thilawa and Dawei before handing over the administration to a new government. Construction of the Dawei SEZ in southeastern Burma has advanced the furthest. Over 30,000 people will be forced off their lands to make way for the 250 kmĂË zone, and more lands will be lost to make way for a six-lane highway into Thailand. In response to the forced evictions and plans for the high polluting industries, affected communities have voiced their concerns through public protests and a series of letters to local and central government. However, local authorities have been powerless to resist the interests of the central government and foreign investors. In January 2012, in response to the communities’ protests, Thein Sein downsized a planned 4,000 MW coal-fired power plant to 400 MW, but other protests continue against the construction of an oil refinery and the confiscation of land to make way for roads and water reservoirs.
Da Xie - China Industrial zones in China are causing high levels of pollution, posing risks to the environment and surrounding communities, stated a report by the China Environment Federation.7 These negative impacts are increasingly causing public protests by affected people. In 1994 the CITIC Group developed the Da Xie Special Economic Zone, including port facilities as well as petro chemical industries similar to those planned in Kyauk Phyu. The controversial project caused damage to the environment and livelihoods of surrounding communities. A major issue was that the Da Xie industries required much more water than originally planned, leading to serious local water shortages.
In September 2011, Chinese authorities ordered a petrochemical plant in Dalian to shut down immediately after tens of thousands of protesters marched through the streets of a nearby city, demanding the factory be relocated.
In 2005, nearby villagers staged a protest outside the SEZ in response to flooding of the surrounding areas, and blamed the companies for poor drainage systems. A year later, over 100 kg of liquid chlorine leaked into the surrounding farmland and communities, destroying crops up to a kilometer away. Within five days of the accident, 678 villagers from the surrounding area had visited hospital reporting dizziness, coughing and skin irritations as a result of the leakage. Complaints were also made that the Da Xie SEZ management had withheld information about the leakage and continued production for three days as if nothing had happened. Following an investigation in 2007, an Environmental Impact Tracking Evaluation report stated risks further chemical leakage and oil spills had still not been mitigated.8
No adequate standards or mechanisms CITIC claims in its feasibility study that it will follow the laws and standards of Burma, including its environmental laws. However, an environmental law passed by Burma’s parliament in March 2012 lacks many crucial provisions for protection of people and the environment, including specific standards for how Environmental and Social Impact Assessments should be carried out. It also does not include any mechanisms for public disclosure, Health or Human Rights Impact Assessments, Strategic Environmental Assessments or clear waste management procedures. Moreover, Burma does not have laws that force government or foreign investors to publicly disclose contractual details of development plans, nor does it have adequate mechanisms to ensure that revenues are managed accountably and transparently. This would fuel corrupt practices.
Important provisions for community protection Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC): Before any development project commences, affected communities must be given full information about project plans and impacts on their lives. They can then analyze and discuss, without coercion, whether to give consent to the project, and to demand any necessary changes or conditions to the plan. FPIC has been adopted by the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) as well as the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): This is a comprehensive strategic environmental assessment which can include economic and social issues. It links to national policies, examines alternatives and stresses sustainability. It should precede an EIA. Environmental, Social, Health and Human Rights Impact Assessments (EIA, SIA, HIA and HRIA): These are separate assessments analyzing different impacts of a planned project. These assessments should be completed and disclosed to affected communities for input before projects are approved, in order to prevent or minimize any negative impacts.
Endnotes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CITIC Group, Myanmar Kyauk Phyu Port Industrial Zone Preliminary Feasibility Study, May 2011 Nippon Koei Co,Ltd, Kyauk Phyu SEZ Development concept, March, 2012. The Nation, August 29, 2011, www.nationmultimedia.com/home/Construction-of-China-Burma-railway-could- -start-in-30163951.html
Fortune Global 500, July, 2012, www.money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/snapshots/10772.html Health Impact Assessment and Trans-border Investment, Healthy Public Policy Foundation, 2012 Boston.com, July 21, 2010, www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/07/oil_spill_in_dalian_china.html The China Green News, 1 Oct, 2011, http://eng.greensos.cn/ShowArticle.aspx?articleId=1098 Yu Hou/Tian-zhu Zhang, Developing Fears, International Institute for Asian Affairs, Newsletter No. 50, 2009
All photos and maps are by Arakan Oil Watch unless where referenced
Recommendations In light of massive increased interest of foreign investors in Burma, we must prioritize sustainable and healthy development that puts the people of Burma and its environment first. Projects such as the Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone threaten the lives of impacted communities and the environment, setting a dangerous precedent for other similar development projects in Burma. Arakan Oil Watch therefore believes that the project should be suspended until the following recommendations have been fulfilled:
⢠CITIC and the government of Burma must disclose detailed project information to the public, in particular to affected communities as well as related political parties and civil society organisations. ⢠Affected communities must give Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) before project commencement. ⢠Thorough Strategic Environment Assessments (SEA) as well as Environment, Social, Health and Human Rights Impact Assessments (EIA, SIA, HIA and HRIA) must be implemented and disclosed to the public before project commencement. ⢠Local affected people must have a choice to decide whether to give up their homes and land for agreed upon compensation, without coercion or threats. ⢠Protection of environment, human rights and livelihoods must follow international standards and allow independent monitoring by civil society organizations, including testing of pollution and waste in affected communities. ⢠There must be a plan detailing how the use of local labour will be prioritized and local personnel trained to benefit from job creation. ⢠Financial streams must be transparent and publicly disclosed.
www.arakanoilwatch.org / Contact: info@arakanoilwatch.org
Date: December 17, 2012 Press Release by the Arakan Oil Watch
Giant Chinese Industrial Zone threatens Burmaâs Arakan coast A new report by Arakan Oil Watch called âDanger Zoneâ exposes how a planned Chinese industrial zone is threatening the livelihoods of tens of thousands of people in Arakan State as well as Burmaâs second largest mangrove forest. The 120 sq km Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone, planned around the terminals of the transBurma natural gas and oil pipelines, will evict up to 40 villages, while many fear the impacts of toxic waste and pollution from petrochemical and metal industries. Chinaâs construction of the pipelines and a deep seaport has already caused large-scale land confiscation in Kyauk Phyu. The US$109 billion project involves Chinaâs CITIC Group, Japanâs Nippon Koei and Burmaâs Htoo Trading, but no comprehensive project plans have been presented by the government to affected communities or local politicians. âWhat is the government thinking â handing over our pristine coastlands to foreign companies to turn into a toxic industrial zone?â said Jockai Khaing, Director of Arakan Oil Watch. The project also includes an 800 km railway and highway from Arakan State to Yunnan, expanding the pipeline corridor across Burma. China will build and operate the railway for 50 years before handing over control to Burmaâs government. âChinaâs projects will uproot tens of thousands of people in Arakan State and spark conflict. Burmaâs government and investing companies should learn from what is happening at the Monywa copper mines,â said Jockai Khaing. Arakan Oil Watch is calling for community consultations, stringent regulations, and laws to protect the people and environment before projects such as the Kyauk Phyu Special Economic Zone go ahead. ### See report at www.arakanoilwatch.org. Contact: +66 (0) 82 184 1335 Email: info@arakanoilwatch.org