Man-made cellulosic fibres

synthetics, or even innovative types of man-made fibres such as leather from pineapple leaves (piñatex) or appleskin.

Man-made cellulosics (MMCs) or regenerated cellulosic fibres are artificially fabricated, but from a natural source. They are derived from cellulose, which is an essential part of the cell wall of plants. The use of chemicals in the production process is the main cause for criticism of these fabrics.

Viscose is made from wood cellulose or pulp, and fabricated in a chemical process. As it does not need as much water or energy as cotton to grow, the usage of viscose has doubled over the last 30 years. It is a biodegradable fibre from a regenerative source, even though its sustainable sourcing is sometimes questioned given the immensely increased demand.

This fibre is made out of beechwood, and processed similarly to viscose. The fabric is more durable than viscose, and low-maintenance. From a European perspective it is more sustainable than cotton, as it comes from mostly dry regions, so beechwood can be grown locally and does not need as much water.

Lyocell, also known under the brand name Tencel, is also made out of wood cellulose (eucalyptus, oak or birch), and biodegradable. The fabric can be decomposed within several months though special micro-organisms. The argument for sustainability through geographic advantage also applies to lyocell. Moreover, the wooden material of cellulosic fibres (re)grows quickly, and does not need irrigation or the use of pesticides.