Solid Waste & Recycling October / November 2016

Canada’s magazine on collection, hauling, processing, and disposal • October / November 2016

REPURPOSING WITH PURPOSE Also this issue: NetZero Abbotsford Slag Recycler Uses Dust Suppression Canon Depots for the Circular Economy Ontario’s Renewable Natural Gas Market

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Contents Features

12 Cover Story: Repurposing with Purpose Industrial match-maker makes a buck repurposing the obsolete.

Canada’s magazine on collection, hauling, processing, and disposal

14 A Culture of Compost

OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2016

VOLUME 21 | NUMBER 4

Consider opportunities in and barriers to composting across the value chain.

14

Technology 16 NetZero Abbotsford

Simple technology and community outreach bring composting facility full circle.

18 Slag Recycler Uses Dust Suppression Cannon to Meet Air Quality Regulations

Canadian company squashes fugitive dust emissions.

16

20 GMAP Tests Green Business in Toronto

City of Toronto’s green market accelerator is a virtuous cycle.

Recycling 22 Modular Depots

Depots for the circular economy—one block at a time.

18

25 Away-From-Home Recycling

Schools perceived as major players in increasing recycling rates.

27 Eco-friendly Cleaning, Almost Zero Packaging Waste

Why toss bottles in perfect condition?

Energy 28 Developing the Renewable Natural Gas Market in Ontario

22

Government programs set to launch progress in RNG market.

29 Worldwide Extraction of Materials Triples in Four Decades Rising consumption brings dire need for planet-friendly solutions, study.

Departments & Columns 4 From the Editor 7 Op-Ed 30 Technology

31 Policy and Law 32 Mergers 33 Around the World

28 35 Waste Watch 38 Advertiser Index

FROM THE EDITOR Jessica Kirby, Editor Solid Waste & Recycling

The SW&R team Lara Perraton, Group Publisher lperraton@pointonemedia.com Jessica Kirby, Editor 877.755.2762 • jessica.kirby@pointonemedia.com

Always Learning Since entering this industry a relatively short time ago I have been privy to some discussion and reading about the expansion of the traditional 3Rs to include a more robust, closedloop economy of waste management.

A chart submitted by columnist and author David McRobert last issue is one proposed framework that illustrates a full breadth of acceptable options, ranks them (loosely) by preference, and points to a full item lifecycle that doesn’t always end in the landfill.

An essential component of expanding the R system (or any inclusive waste management system, really) is the Repurpose principle, which is more than just Recycling. Rather than breaking down an item or material to make a new item or material, repurposing simply means using one thing that has reached the end of its intended life to fill needed space in a new life.

Interestingly, when I researched the business of repurposing in Canada, the bulk of the discussion hinged on building restoration. There was little to speak of in large scale operation, though I am sure such places must exist. An outfit out of the US that does business in Canada is featured in this issue as an interesting case study of what is possible. Check it out on page 12.

This issue of Solid Waste & Recycling will be distributed at Waste & Recycling Expo Canada, and while I will leave the show’s welcome message to Arnie Gess on page 6, I do encourage you to visit us at booth 1515 and say hello. We are excited to meet more of the people who 4 » Solid Waste & Recycling

make the waste sector interesting and dynamic.

I attended a day of Coast Waste Management Association’s conference in October and came away, as always, with fantastic ideas, industry contacts, and big questions I can’t wait to investigate. As most regular readers know, Point One Media only took over SW&R this past January, so I am perpetually grateful for the education I receive each time I attend an event like this, and for the people I meet who share information about their corner of the sector.

Each speaker I watched at the CWMA conference was engaging and enlightening, and brought with him or her the issues most important in a given sector. While I will write in detail next issue about some of the topics discussed, I will say here one of my overarching observations of the industry was the vibrance, commitment, and enthusiasm of its representatives. From government agencies to volunteer-run non-profits, the organizations in this industry are on fire with some truly engaged and amazing individuals capable of real change. It is inspiring.

Moving forward I would like to feature in these pages interesting people, companies, and organizations— people and places doing truly new and interesting things to keep the industry dynamic and progressive. Please email me to table any suggestions.

Until next time .... ●●

Christina Tranberg, Advertising Sales 877.755.2762 • ctranberg@pointonemedia.com

contributing writers Mark Borkowski Malcolm Brodie Shane Buckingham Timothy Byrne Rosalind H. Cooper Isabelle Faucher Jennifer Green Christopher Jones Mike Lewis Melisa Luymes John Mullinder John Nicholson Meghan Robinson Catherine Rust Paul van der Werf

cover photo Charles Jaffe

Published bi-monthly by Point One Media, Inc. Solid Waste & Recycling P.O. Box 11, Station A Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K4 CANADA t: 877.755.2762 • www.solidwastemag.com Solid Waste & Recycling provides strategic information and perspectives on all aspects of Canadian solid waste collection, hauling, processing, and disposal to waste managers, haulers, recycling co-ordinators, landfill and compost facility operators, and other waste industry professionals.

While information contained in this publication has been compiled from sources deemed to be reliable, the publisher may not be held liable for omissions or errors.

Contents ©2016 by Point One Media Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or duplicated without prior written permission from the publisher.

Printed in Canada. Postage paid at Simcoe, ON. Return postage guaranteed. Canada Post Canadian Publications Mail Sales Product Agreement #40719512.

Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: Solid Waste & Recycling Circulation Department P.O. Box 11, Station A Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K4 e: circulations@pointonemedia.com From time to time we make our subscription list available to select companies and organizations whose product or service may interest you. If you do not wish your contact information to be made available, please contact us by email at info@solidwastemag.com or by phone at 1.877.755.2762 Solid Waste & Recycling is a registered trademark of Point One Media Inc. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Periodical Fund of the De­part­ment of Canadian Heritage.

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OP-ED

Welcome to Waste & Recycling Expo Canada By / Arnie Gess We are very excited to open our 19th edition of the Waste & Recycling Expo Canada / Municipal Equipment Expo Canada back in our home base of Toronto.

With 2 events in 1, there will be many extra opportunities to explore and analyze the latest innovations and also connect with colleagues. As always, we open the door to building new relationships and solidifying old ones. Our show draws exhibitors and attendees alike from across the globe, from Canada and the United States to Europe, Asia, and many other countries abroad.

view of the industry’s inner workings.

Afterwards, we will kick off the event with the Canadian Waste to Resource Conference by hosting the Opening Gala Reception, Tuesday, November 8. Exhibitors and attendees will enjoy a fun-filled evening with good music, food, and drinks. In addition to the many exhibitor hosted events, the Ontario Waste Management Association will present the Executive of the Year Dinner, a top-notch function to celebrate the industry’s biggest, brightest, and most accomplished industry professionals.

The dinner will take place on Wednesday, November 9.

Offering a plethora of networking opportunities, jump in the day before the show and get in on the Waste Sector Facility tours where you get a birds-eye

A big thank you goes out to our industry association and media partners, who have continued to support the show throughout the years. We are also

Editor’s Pick: Solosocks Combat Textile Waste Textile recycling is a hot topic in the waste management sector these days, as municipalities and consumers struggle to devise creative, engaging ways to make sure used clothing, bedding, and other fabric materials stay out of the landfill.

URU Design has come up with a solution to solve one of the world’s greatest mysteries and vicariously reduce the amount of tossed textiles with Solosocks—single but similarly patterned sets of five or seven socks

6 » Solid Waste & Recycling

worn in a mix and match, grab and go, up and at ‘em configuration of style.

These Danish-made, organic beauties are unisex and come in a rainbow of awesomeness that shines through the recyclable packaging.

Lose one? Bust a toe through? Dog ate a couple? No need to toss the lonely mate—just reach in the drawer to create another match made in heaven. Don’t act like you’re not impressed: visit www.solosocks.dk ●●

honored to have once again partnered with the Ontario Waste Management Association as they open their doors to the Canadian Waste to Resource Conference. This co-operation creates a week of gaining new insight and higher learning with more than 35 workshops covering topics from waste diversion and organics to resource recovery.

Most importantly, we welcome our new and returning visitors and a special thank you to all the companies that have chosen our platform to showcase the industry’s best. We wish each of you a successful week of product discovery, education and networking.

We will see you next year in Niagara Falls, October 25–26, 2017. ●●

OP-ED

Ontario government conducting radical overhaul of property assessment process for landfills

By / Shane Buckingham, OWMA Director of Communications

Changes to landfill property assessments sets troubling precedent for waste management sector, broader economy The Ontario government is conducting a radical overhaul of how it assesses property values for landfills and taxes them. The changes, once fully carried out, will lead to higher costs for Ontario residents and businesses while setting a troubling precedent that could cause a ripple effect throughout the waste management sector, the Ontario economy, and even other jurisdictions.

In Ontario, properties have always been assessed using a cost approach, which bases a property’s worth on the depreciated value of any buildings on the site plus the value of the land. The level of taxation applied to the property is then based on a tax rate set for similar businesses. This simple, transparent, and predictable approach is wellestablished and widely used across North America.

Now, the Finance Ministry wants to upend this practice by moving to an income-based approach for valuation and introducing a specific tax class for landfills.

As part of this new tax class, finance officials will set tax ratios, or ranges, that can then be used by local governments to adjust tax rates for landfill sites to whatever they perceive as “fair.”

This change removes the objective basis for property assessment and unnecessarily politicizes the taxation process. The result could be several unintended consequences.

First, tax ratios could be used as a political tool to impose higher tax rates on landfill properties and stop the development of sites that communities require for safe disposal. This development is concerning because Ontario already does not have

The same changes the government is making for landfill properties today could be applied to similar industrial and commercial properties tomorrow.

That could mean transfer stations and recycling facilities are next, or even mines and factories.

enough landfill capacity to handle the province’s waste.

Second, roughly 30 per cent of Ontario’s waste is already sent to the United States for disposal. If the taxation level for landfills can be arbitrarily increased based on a political whim, many companies may choose to ship even more waste south of the border to reduce costs and remain competitive.

And it may come as a surprise. After all, the government waited months to notify the waste management sector that it would be overhauling the property assessment process after it had accepted every single recommendation to do so in a report prepared by PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Third, higher property taxes will only add to the growing financial burden that many Ontario companies are already facing, including those in the manufacturing and natural resources sectors that own and operate landfill sites.

Thankfully, many different industry groups have become aware of this situation and have written to the Premier and the Finance Minister to tell the government to back away from these changes.

But tax ratios are just part of the government’s planned changes. The Ministry of Finance also plans to remove the right of appeal for landfill owners.

Letters raising concerns with the Finance Ministry’s plans have been sent to the government by the Canadian Fuels Association, Canadian Steel Producers Association, Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers Association, Ontario Chamber of Commerce, and Ontario Stone, Sand and Gravel Association.

The government has agreed to make financial data submissions to the Municipal Property Assessment Corporation mandatory while stripping property owners of their right to appeal this agency’s decisions.

These are particularly troubling developments for the waste management sector, but all businesses in Ontario should be concerned about any government actions that remove the right to due process.

For more information or to get involved, contact the OWMA at www.owma.org. ●●

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solidwastemag.com » October / Novemberr 2016 » 7

OP-ED

Plastic lobby tells a big whopper, continues to smear paper bags As whoppers go, this is a big one. The plastics lobby wants you to believe that only seven per cent of plastic shopping bags are thrown away in Montreal: “Zero Waste – Close to It,” it proudly claims. What a stretch.

The claim is blatantly misleading and dishonest. What the plastics lobby has done is combine a re-use estimate with a recycling estimate to come up with an impressive 93 per cent total.

The problem is almost two-thirds of that total is bags re-used for household garbage or pet waste. Yes, bags that will shortly be in the dump or roaming the streets as litter.

To claims that “only seven per cent of the bags (in Montreal) are thrown away” and “bag waste management is very close to zero waste” when in fact almost 70 per cent of them end up in landfill, is blatantly misleading. This claim shifts all of the environmental burden off of shopping bags and onto garbage bags.

It is also false accounting. Think of all those used corrugated boxes in your garage or basement holding stuff they didn’t deliver in the first place. Are we going to count them as “re-use” now, as the plastics folks are doing, so that we can claim that virtually no corrugated boxes go to landfill? In fact, if we did what the plastics people are doing for bags and added the re-use number for corrugated to the recycling number for corrugated in Ontario households (98 per cent), poof, we’d be over 100 per cent easily. Yeah baby, we’re even better than zero waste!

The recycled percentage is also questionable.

It’s for plastic bags collected, not actually recycled.

Ask the operator of a material recovery facility how many plastic bags have to be removed from their machinery and 8 » Solid Waste & Recycling

sent to landfill, or a paper recycling mill how much plastic film ends up as residue and has to be dumped at their expense, and you’ll start to get more accurate numbers.

And, of course, facing bans on bags in various cities, the plastics industry can’t resist having a go at plastic alternatives such as reusable bags and paper bags. It’s been doing this for a while, mainly through a website that’s rather ironically called “all about bags.”

Well, not quite all about bags. Its special section on litter somehow neglects to mention the fact that bags end up in our rivers, lakes, and oceans.

And it gives an entirely false impression of paper bag production and environmental performance in Canada.

There are also some major holes in the waste management comparison it tries to make. For starters, a typical paper bag carries more goods than a plastic bag (a fact recognized by life cycle experts). So you can’t crunch numbers based on the assumption that one paper bag will replace just one plastic bag.

It’s more than that. And this, of course, changes any calculations of greenhouse gas impact.

Nor can you assume that all banned plastic bags will be replaced by paper bags. In reality, bans on plastic bags seem to achieve major reductions in plastic bag usage (straight reduction) and a significant increase in reusable bags. We don’t see new paper bag mills springing up everywhere.

In the same vein, the net cost of recycling plastic film in the recycling system is more than six times the cost of recycling paper bags in a corrugated bale. So there are huge avoided costs (savings) that have to be taken into account when plastic bags are replaced.

By / John Mullinder, Executive Director, PPEC And then there’s the so-called life cycle studies that the plastics industry loves to promote. As we have pointed out before, most of these are old, of varying quality and relevance, and, perhaps most significantly, incorporate no actual data on paper and plastic bag production in Canada. Assumptions and conclusions based on studies of how French, Spanish, Italian, Turkish, Malaysian, and Chinese paper and plastic bags were made up to 20 years ago, are of little value to us in Canada today.

The high amount of sawmill residues and renewable energy (carbon-neutral biomass) used to make bag material in Canada is not taken into account in the life cycle studies being promoted by the plastic folks. So making claims that solid waste management costs in Montreal and elsewhere will skyrocket and greenhouse gas emissions soar if plastic bags are replaced by paper bags, is spurious, to say the least.

Until these key paper production issues (the use of sawmill residues and renewable energy) and the impact of marine litter are factored into LCAs, we are not, however, going to claim that paper bags are “environmentally friendlier” (a phrase the Competitions Bureau cautions against using anyway).

But we will continue to point out the false claims, the misrepresentations, and yes, the big whoppers, made by our less principled competitors. ●● John Mullinder, executive director, PPEC, writes regularly in print and online on environmental and sustainability issues impacting the Canadian paper packaging industry.

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OP-ED

A multifaceted food fight

Reducing Canada’s staggering levels of food waste would yield huge benefits and help us catch up with competitors We were pleased to see SW&R’s call for a national food waste strategy in its coverage of the private member’s bill recently before the House of Commons, The Fight Against Food Waste Act (“The Push for A National Food Strategy,” September 13, 2016).

Why? Two reasons, mainly. First, it is the time of Thanksgiving, and like others we are reflecting on the essential value of nutritious food and how this underpins our personal health, communities, and economy. Second, our National Zero Waste Council, a leadership initiative of governments, businesses, and non-government organizations committed to preventing waste, has been campaigning on this issue, and recently made a formal submission to the federal government advocating for a National Food Waste Reduction Strategy.

As SW&R noted, in Canada alone, at least $31 billion worth of edible food is thrown away every year. Commercial food businesses and institutional food service operations send some 165,000 tonnes of nutritious food to Canadian landfills annually. The social, economic, and environmental costs associated with this practice not only damage our society, they undermine the ecological and financial sustainability of communities nationwide.

Like other pervasive problems, the fight against food waste calls for action on many fronts. We therefore propose a multi-faceted approach with five key elements: 1) Setting a national reduction target

food

waste

2) Stimulating increased donations of food to charities through a tax incentive

10 » Solid Waste & Recycling

3) Through the Canada Food Inspection Agency, reducing confusion over “best before,” “use by,” “sell by,” and “expiry” dates 4) Investing in R&D to trigger innovation in food-and-energy recovery technologies 5) Partnering with our Council in an unprecedented public awareness campaign that helps Canadians understand how reducing food waste also reduces carbon pollution— helping tackle climate change.

Making progress on this type of strategy will involve many partners from business, governments, academic and research organizations, NGOs, and community organizations. In fact, our strategy builds on policies advanced by a number of provinces and local governments: • Tax incentives to encourage food donations by farming operations in Quebec, Ontario, and BC • Updated guidelines for food donations for both donors and distribution agencies published by the BC Centre for Disease Control • Organic waste disposal bans introduced by Halifax, Nanaimo, and Metro Vancouver and a similar province-wide ban proposed by Quebec • Consumer-awareness campaigns aimed at changing behaviour in York Region and Metro Vancouver.

We believe the time to act is now.

Canadians are increasingly aware of the issue and other countries are taking action. Earlier this year, France and Italy passed strong legislation banning the disposal of edible food by major retailers and the European Union has

By / Malcolm Brodie National Zero Waste Council made food waste prevention a central part of its Plan for a Circular Economy.

Closer to home, the US government has created tax incentives to boost corporate donations of food. In September, 2015 the Department of Agriculture and Environmental Protection Agency set an ambitious target to reduce food waste by 50 per cent by 2030. In December, Congress began considering a Food Recovery Act, which clarifies the meaning of date-labelling, and advances a wide range of measures aimed at reducing waste from farm to fork. In June, the US Conference of Mayors gave strong backing to a multifaceted approach in support of the federal food reduction targets, calling on all levels of government and the private sector to play a role.

In Canada, municipalities are showing similar concern. On September 16, the Federation of Canadian Municipalities formally endorsed the National Zero Waste Council’s proposal that the Government of Canada offer a tax incentive for food producers, suppliers, and retailers to donate greater amounts of nutritious food.

The FCM decision was triggered by similar resolutions passed over the last year by more than 20 local governments, including Halifax, Montreal, Laval, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, and Metro Vancouver.

It is heartening, then, to see leaders across Canada begin to address this problem—and as they do, they can count on the leadership of the National Zero Waste Council. ●● Malcolm Brodie is chair of the National Zero Waste Council and Mayor of Richmond, BC.

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COVER FEATURE

REPURPOSING WITH PURPOSE By / Jessica Kirby • Photos courtesy of Repurposed Materials Inc.

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

Top, left: Billboard vinyl “repurposed” as a hay tarp. Bottom, left: Gyn floor “repurposed” as conference room flooring. Right: Conveyor belt “repurposed” as a snow plow deflector

S

pread over five warehouses in the US and a solid customer base in North America, Damon Carson is doing his part to support the circular economy, while paying the bills. Need a boat bumper? Try old fire hose. Off shore commercial fish-farm cages floating off? Weigh them down with ski lift cable. Cattle thirsty? Round up some mining truck tires and make ponds. The possibilities are endless when materials are brought back to life with repurposing outfits like Carson’s Repurposed Materials, headquartered in Colorado.

Carson said he is in the industrial thrift store business. He entered the waste management industry years ago with a traditional collection company that served Breckenridge and Vale ski resorts. He sold the business and went on to repair and repurpose carnival ride cars and coin-operated children rides, without realizing yet the seeds of repurposing were planted.

In one of his first repurposing deals, he was approached by a commercial painter looking for billboard vinyl to use as drop cloths. After some sleuthing, Damon bought 20 of them for $20, and turned them around for a $600 profit. At this point he had no grand vision for creating a business, but he was beginning to realize the possibilities.

“It was an eye opener to see the materials sent to landfill that still had plenty of life left in them,” he said.

Carson’s work is both financially and environmentally motivated. The company now hosts five warehouses across the US and continues to grow, with no shortage of market activity for Carson’s wares, even in Canada. Everything from

12 » Solid Waste & Recycling

billboards and commercial-size loads of fabric makes its way north, primarily on on the purchasing side of things.

A television cable company called to offer four-inch-thick and four-feet-square precast concrete pads originally used in subdivisions under the cable boxes. They have holes in them to accommodate conduit that is run to the homes, and they’d been sitting at the warehouse for ten years.

Carson accepted the pads at no cost to the company and moved all 40,000 lb to his warehouse. Three weeks later a trucking company in Wyoming bought every single one of them to weigh down trucks travelling through windy areas with light loads.

“Here is a waste stream in one industry that became a real asset to another,” said Carson. “I would never have thought of that as a repurposing idea, but when the trucking company owner saw those pads as a way to keep his trucks from blowing over, he saw something that solves a real problem.”

Carson lists his available materials and buy-sell opportunities in a newsletter, which is distributed to approximately 150,000 North American sources. “It goes to the corn farmer in Iowa, the cranberry farmer in Ontario, the forestry operator in BC, and the oil and gas guy in Edmonton,” says Carson. “So, we have this waste stream from a mine, for instance—say rolls of rubber conveyor belt which, in its first life moved copper and was 3/4-inch thick.

“When it gets to 1/2-inch thick, here is a 36-inch-wide, 500-foot-long available material—we never know when

COVER FEATURE the wheat farmer in Saskatchewan or the salmon fisher in Newfoundland is going to use it to solve a problem.”

“I eat cranberries every Thanksgiving but I’ve never been to a cranberry bog,” he said. “So, I have no idea what problems they are solving but if they see it as a way to dam up cranberry bogs, we can help each other.”

This is when it takes a diverse and wide-spread audience to drive the business—everyone view the materials differently and has the potential to spot opportunity in Carson’s wares.

Carson tries to circle back on the buyers’ intentions and publish them in the newsletter to help inspire other ideas for his materials. The marine biology department at the University of Hawaii recently purchased two firehose lengths from Carson, and he emailed them to find out how they would be used.

“I haven’t heard back yet, but if they are using it as a lifting strap to lift sick whales out of the ocean, I would definitely put something like that in the newsletter because it might inspire new ideas for repurposing.”

Recently, a client on the mailing list had three semi-loads of marble powder they were looking to offload for free, provided Carson had the means to move it, and this is a huge component of the business—materials are often procured for free, cheap, or the cost of transportation because he is doing the seller a favour when they avoid transportation costs and tipping fees.

“The offer is sometimes, you can have it if you can move it,” says Carson. “Some call and offer $10,000 worth of something for $9,000, and some things, to the seller, are worthless.

“I liken what we do to the industrial or macro version of a garage sale.”

Carson bought 15,000 feet of firehose from the City of Chicago for less than $1,000. Carson has sold around half of it for $0.50 per foot, bringing in a nice profit, and the City saved around $350,000 on hauling and dumping fees.

Turf is a big item—schools and sports training facilities are often buyers (and sellers) but other companies are also moving it—home builders, for instance, who are using it to stage non-landscaped properties.

Carson’s 10,000-square-foot warehouse hosts a variety of materials including steel cable, gymnasium floors, and conveyor belt. A walk through will also turn up vinyl sheets used as pond liners, boat covers, and backyard movie screens; street sweeper brushes used for cattle back scratchers; and vats of harvest berry fragrance, which is still up for grabs.

The repurposing business is really about problem solving and

the best deals occur when a material obsolete in one industry becomes useful in a brand new market. Fifteen thousand feet of old firehose with a pinhole in is completely worthless in the firefighting industry, but that doesn’t mean a dock owner in Halifax can’t use it as a dock bumper to protect incoming vessels. “In that case, it might be obsolete to the fire department, but that doesn’t mean it is obsolete to the world,” he said.

That said, the material goes out with the fair assumption it will be used for reasonable purposes. “Firehouse wasn’t designed to climb Mount Everest,” he said. “We will tell what it was and you decide if it is a good climbing rope for Mount Everest.”

Occasionally the team turns away material, but only if it poses a safety or storage problem. Utility companies, for instance, are perpetually offering up wooden spools and the market for them is weak.

“Even if they deliver them for free, if I can only sell them for $2 each and they take up so much room, it isn’t worth it,” said Carson. “But if I could solve that problem [of what to do with them], I would be retired.”

Though retirement is a ways off, Carson is definitely holding a lucrative piece of the economic pie. Repurposed Materials did about $2.5 million in sales this year, a diverts around five million pounds of materials annually.

Despite the 50-75 per cent savings Damon and others in the repurposing business can offer sellers, finding new uses for old items is still passed over for the landfill far too often. The landfill is convenient, and it is simpler to call the waste hauler than it is to find buyers on one’s own dime, said Carson.

“On the buyer side, we have a first world country problem where we like to buy new,” he added. “If you want a royal blue t-shirt, you can get something like it at a used clothing store, or you can get exactly what you want new. It is our culture of convenience because either shirt will do the job, but we are the first world and we want royal blue.”

Moving forward, Carson will stay aimed for growth and do what he can to change our disposable culture of convenience.

A blind manufacturer had a high volume of polyester it purchased from Japan for a new product that didn’t end up gaining traction in the market. A lighting design company in Toronto just purchased all 30 semi-permeable rolls for an installation at a light festival.

“The customer in Toronto isn’t in the window blind industry, nor does the window blind maker know about light design in Toronto,” said Carson. “We are the industrial matchmaker.” ●● solidwastemag.com » October / November 2016 » 13

FEATURE

A Culture of

Compost

By / Melisa Luymes

© Can Stock Photo Inc. / apopium 14 » Solid Waste & Recycling

Photo © Can Stock Photo Inc. / mldover55

T

he Compost Council of Canada held its 26th Annual Organics Recycling Conference in Niagara Falls this September, bringing industry stakeholders together to address both opportunities and barriers to composting across the value chain.

question and compared statistics across 29 countries in Europe and 98 municipalities in Ontario to find out.

She looked for correlations between various data related to management and infrastructure, along with political and socio-economic factors.

While some municipalities are successfully diverting large amounts of organics from landfill, many have not yet taken the leap to create the infrastructure. There is still a tremendous opportunity to recycle organic waste in Canada.

In Europe, she found the factors that drive successful waste diversion are income levels, “pay as you throw” policies, landfill fees, and incineration taxes. In Ontario the driving factors are different, and she found that income levels and landfill fees do not play a contributing role. In Ontario, the most significant contributors to waste diversion are infrastructure, “pay as you throw” policies, bag limit policies, and population densities.

Why are some areas composting and others not? Jillian Treadwell, a Masters student at McGill and conference speaker, asked the same

FEATURES “Basically, I found that economic incentives drive waste diversion from landfill,” says Treadwell. “This may be similar to our assumptions, but up to this point there hasn’t been much research to back up these assumptions.”

She suggests policymakers look to successful municipalities as models and she notes that, in Ontario, Guelph is making outstanding progress. She also encourages municipalities to compile better data that will help us better understand how to improve waste diversion rates.

Treadwell admits that certain factors are simply unable to be measured and evaluated, most especially the effort put towards compost education and environmental awareness. In any given community, leadership can make all the difference in shifting culture and practice.

Four conference speakers shared stories from their communities across the United States. Linda Bilsens is from the Institute for Local Self-Reliance, an American non-profit that provides leadership on composting programs, among others, by documenting and promoting model programs and providing assistance for communities to adopt programs themselves.

Bilsens argues that recycling organic waste is not only better for the environment, it is better for the economy because it creates more jobs.

She cites data from Maryland that shows that for every one job created at a waste incineration facility, that would be two jobs at a landfill site and four jobs at a composting facility, and they also factor in six jobs downstream in using the composted material.

“Start simple and be diversified,” Bilsens advises, as she reasons that building a massive composting facility makes a program quite vulnerable.

Instead, she cites New York City’s three-pronged approach to encouraging

They used to collect bags with a beat-up pickup truck ... they now have a commercial hauler collecting 20-30 tonnes of food scraps for them each week, and the program continues to grow. home composting, composting for community gardens, and food scrap collection across the city.

Examples come from all across the world. “Austria is about the size of Maine when flattened out and the country has 450 municipal composting sites,” says Bilsens, noting that these municipalities partner with farmers to do the composting as well.

Daniel Ash is an urban homesteader in Buffalo, New York and he formed a cooperative with other urban farmers in the city, named Farmer Pirates. One of the many things that the Farmer Pirates do is collect food scraps from 100+ Buffalo residents and compost them within the city to build the soil quality on their farms.

“There isn’t much incentive for people or businesses to divert waste in the state of New York,” Ash continues. “Our tipping fees are very low, only $25 a tonne.”

“Still, people are getting it,” says Ash, as their customer collection base grows even without strong marketing for their composting service. While they used to collect bags with a beat-up pickup truck, they now have a commercial hauler collecting 20-30 tonnes of food scraps for them each week, and the program continues to grow.

Amy Freeman of Edible Flint tells a similar good news story from Michigan.

With massive depopulation in the city, housing lots have been demolished and left vacant. Communities in Flint are transforming these lots into urban gardens and growing their own food.

This is what has been driving the composting program in the city.

In 2011, the city distributed 800 composting bins in the city, describes Freeman, but it was only after an educational campaign two years later that the program started to take off.

In 2013, they received a grant and started ten community gardens with a three-bin compost unit at each site.

They have since begun collaboration with hospitals in the city, a women-led garden, and vermicomposting sites.

Athena Lee Bradley is the projects manager at the Northeast Recycling Council and works to set up composting programs in the region, along with educational outreach on composting and food waste. “You need to rely on advocates in the area,” she says, “and really love your haulers. They are crucial to making composting programs work.”

Bradley also credits Vermont’s statewide, “pay as you throw” policy implemented in 2015. “It is the number one way to get compost happening in your community,” says Bradley. “Trash is down, recycling is up, and food donations are also up.” Clear signage and standardized symbols for what is compostable and recyclable is also very important for public uptake, she says.

These stories demonstrate the power of even a single individual to increase waste diversion rates in a community.

Positive leadership can complement the economic incentives and infrastructure that drive waste diversion rates, for a sustainable closed-loop economy. ●●

solidwastemag.com » October / Novemberr 2016 » 15

TECHNOLOGY

Spotlight On: NetZero Abbotsford By / Jessica Kirby Photos courtesy of NetZero Abbotsford

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bbotsford’s NetZero Waste compost facility is bringing environmental stewardship, education, and industry progress full circle with compost facilities, sales, and educational programs.

Facility director Mateo Ocejo spent a decade in the environmental industry – most recently with AECOM, formerly known as Earth Tech Canada – guiding a diverse range of clients in designing and implementing cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and publicly accepted diversion strategies. His particular focus has been compost program structure and in-vessel facility design.

At NetZero Abbotsford, the Gore Cover System reduces odour by 90–97 per cent, reduces bio-aerosol emissions by more than 99 per cent, and requires less than one KWH/ton and three square feet/ton of space. The system allows a standard aerated static pile to become an in-vessel system through the use of the patented membrane cover, removing the regulatory requirement for an enclosed facility. The membrane laminate 16 » Solid Waste & Recycling

technology key to the system is similar to that of the GoreTex fabrics used for outerwear and footwear. The system has been installed in more than 150 plants world wide, providing an ideal environment for microbial activity. The Gore Cover System offers a simple, outdoor, in-full-view operation and reduces maintenance costs associated with mechanical systems.

Classified an in-vessel composting system, the Gore Cover System’s advantage is in its simplicity—it offers reduced stage treatment and handling requirements (each heap is only moved twice) According to NetZero Abbotsford, the system’s positive aeration means it requires less than 1kWh of electricity per tonne of compost. The Gore Cover 2Hp blowers are on for approximately two minutes of every ten, in comparison to negative aeration systems, which requires 24/7 blower activity to prevent negative odours.

TECHNOLOGY

Competitive project startup capital and operation expenses mean organics disposal fees can be offered well below landfill waste tipping fees.

As the company demonstrates first hand, competitive project start-up capital and operation expenses mean organics disposal fees can be offered well below landfill waste tipping fees.

Educational and fundraising programs are an extension of NetZero Abbotsford that bring its services and environmental message to the community.

The Spuds in Tubs program developed by Agriculture in the Classroom, provides 44 grade six classes in the region with hands-on gardening projects. NetZero Abbotsford provides buckets of compost students use to grow potatoes and get a feel for the concept and practical requirements of growing food.

“This is some of our best stuff,” said Ocejo. “They can almost watch it grow daily. We are hoping to expand this program as it is a way we give back to the community.”

K-12 classes are also welcome to tour the facility and get a deeper look at composting and the full circle process.

Operators Training Program for students from communities across Canada. The training covers operational, environmental, technical, and legal processes involved with large scale compost facilities, as well as specific tasks and concepts including feedstock recovery; curing, screening, and refining; storage and bagging; marketing; and, safety.

Students come away with the ability to work at or run composting facilities in their communities.

Ocejo is passionate about the industry because it is a growing field that offers an abundance of answers to issues the world faces and will continue to face as population and development expand.

“People need to find solutions for recycling food waste,” he said. “Landfills are the third largest source of methane emissions, so if we can take all that stuff producing methane out of the landfill we can make fertilizer out of it, rather than using fossil fuels.” ●●

“We do this so kids know where their food comes from and the basics of how to produce food,” said Ocejo. “We are trying different programs, like ‘Ketchup and Fries’ where they grow potatoes and tomatoes together.”

NetZero Abbotsford also hosts a week-long Compost

solidwastemag.com » October / November 2016 » 17

TECHNOLOGY

The container was reinforced with a steel frame and modified to mount a steel tower topped by the DB-60.

Slag Recycler Uses Dust Suppression Cannon To Meet Air Quality Regulations By / Mike Lewis, Dust Control Technology Photos courtesy of Tervita

18 » Solid Waste & Recycling

A

Canadian environmental solutions firm operating a slag recycling plant in California is using industrial atomized mist technology to contain fugitive dust emissions and control runoff to satisfy strict state air quality regulations.

with a modified shipping container in an innovative design that stabilizes the unit and protects electronics. The result is a drastic reduction in fugitive dust emissions, improved regulatory compliance, and better community relations.

Tervita Corporation, based in Calgary, Alberta, was tasked with controlling dust while conserving water in an area known for high winds, Rancho Cucamonga, CA. The firm accomplished that goal by integrating a tower mounted DustBoss® DB-60™

In 2012, the Gerdau Corporation chose Tervita to take over operations of the slag processing plant, servicing the company’s long steel mill located approximately 0.25 miles (0.4 km) away. Facing a transition that required updated equipment in a strict regulatory

TECHNOLOGY environment, Tervita managers worked closely with the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) and local leaders to create an air quality management plan that made the operation compliant and more efficient.

Tervita receives approximately 300 tons (272 mt) of material a day in 10 to 14 “heats” (dump truck loads), which are offloaded into a 200-footdeep by 100-foot-wide (61 meters x 30.5 meters) storage area separated into two sections. Nearly a third of the temperature of the surface of the sun, newly delivered slag – approximately 2500 to 3000 degrees F (1,370 to 1,650 degrees C) – is wetted, cooled, mixed, and cured by a combination of water, front loader, and time.

“When we installed the new state-ofthe-art crusher, we streamlined the recycling process into a faster operation that is dust-free because of the bag house filtration system,” said Carson Swartz, operations supervisor for Tervita. “But the storage and cooling area was a big issue. Whether offloading, churning, or moving the slag to the crusher, it’s constantly being disrupted, causing a lot of dust.”

Prior to installing the DB-60, the company tried using the moveable sprinkler irrigation system left in place by the previous operators. Tervita found that the sprinkler system only saturated the surface material, which caused large amounts of runoff and did not properly address the fugitive dust.

Managers at Tervita heard from colleagues in the steel industry about the use of atomized mist technology at another slag recycling operation. The company strategically placed a 20-footlong by 8-foot-wide by 8.5-foot-tall (6 m x 2.4 m x 2.5 m) shipping container in the storage and cooling area. Working with DCT technicians, the container was reinforced with a heavy-duty steel frame and modified to mount a 12-foot (3.65 meters) tall steel tower topped by

The air quality management plan involved a new crusher and a DustBoss® 60 (DB-60) atomized mist dust suppression system.

the DB-60 equipped with a 359 degree oscillation system, making the total height from the ground approximately 28 feet (8.5 meters). Inside the container, a touch screen panel is mounted on the wall that allows operators to control the elevation, oscillation arc, booster pump pressure, fan output, and water volume. Many of these functions can also be modified outside the container by remote control.

Since the water used by Tervita for dust suppression is non-potable, it is first sent through an in-line 30 mesh, 595-micron filter before being delivered to the booster pump, where the water pressure is raised from 10 PSI (0.68 BAR) up to 160 PSI (11.03 BAR), with a potential maximum of 250 PSI (17.23 BAR).

Pumped through a 1.5-inch (38.10 mm) hose to a circular brass manifold, the water is forced through 30 atomizing spray nozzles, which fractures it into millions of tiny droplets. The mist is then propelled by a powerful 25 HP electric fan that produces 30,000 CFM (849.50 CMM) of airflow through a specialized cylindrical barrel design.

Atomized droplets are launched in a 200-foot-long (60 meter) cone at an adjustable 0 to 50 degree angle, covering a total area of 125,000 square feet (11,613 square meters) when using the full 359 degree oscillation.

Atomization introduces more droplets into the air than hoses or sprinklers,

using a fraction of the water volume.

Because the mist is propelled by a fan rather than water pressure, the DB-60 uses only about 25 GPM (94.5 lpm) to cover the area, as opposed to an industrial irrigation sprinkler system that can require up to 500 GPM (1,893 lpm) to adequately service the same area. Not only do the atomized droplets capture airborne particles, once they land they also quench the storage piles, offering surface suppression with far less runoff and product loss.

Due to the use of atomized mist, the facility has dramatically reduced the volume of water needed for dust management, making more water available for other parts of production in the plant, thus promoting sustainable overall usage for the entire facility.

With fugitive dust levels compliant to SCAQMD regulations, Tervita achieved the goals set for the project and successfully applied a new technology that could be used in other locations and applications.

“As much as we run the machine, we’ve been impressed by how well it’s held up,” Swartz added. “Since the installation, the couple of times we’ve called DCT, they were very responsive and even came out to visit just to see the setup. Their service matches the quality of the equipment.” ●●

solidwastemag.com » October / Novemberr 2016 » 19

TECHNOLOGY

City of Toronto’s Green Market Accelerator is a Virtuous Cycle By / Christopher Jones Communications & Marketing Consultant Economic Development and Culture

T

he City of Toronto is supporting clean tech companies and green startups with a new program that makes City resources and infrastructure available for product testing and pilots.

to those properties and facilities for product testing is a win/win for the City and the product developers.”

The new Green Market Acceleration Program (GMAP) provides local firms and companies wishing to locate in Toronto with an opportunity to collaborate with the City in order to accelerate the development and commercialization of made-in-Toronto green technologies.

GMAP is co-managed by the Toronto Office of Partnerships (TOP) and Toronto Economic Development & Culture (EDC). TOP vets the submissions and confers with EDC to establish candidate suitability. Then Economic Development takes the lead in liaising with the company and the City division overseeing the property that the applicant seeks to utilize.

“Toronto is a hotbed for startups particularly in the technology and green space,” says Peter Remedios, policy and partnership advisor with the Toronto Office of Partnerships.

“But there’s a big chasm between developing a prototype and actually selling that product or service. Startups, in particular, are very limited in terms of their testing options.”

“Prior to creating GMAP we’d been approached to help with project pilots but there was no mechanism in place that allowed us to get onside,” explains Remedios. “Now that there’s a Council-approved mechanism in place with GMAP, we can partner with these businesses and allow them to demonstrate the value of their product or service.”

That’s where GMAP comes in. “The City of Toronto has a great variety of infrastructure and properties,” says Remedios. “Everything from parks to buildings to solid waste containers, the variety is staggering. Providing access

Remedios stresses that GMAP is not a funding program – green companies need to cover all costs – but the resources the City brings to bear have real value and can add clout as companies build a story for their product launch.

Peter Remedios (left) and Rob McMonagle are managing the City of Toronto’s new GMAP progam.

“The City doesn’t have the resources to fund startup companies and that’s not the intention,” says EDC green sector advisor, Rob McMonagle. “We want companies that are pre-commercial and ready to hit the market; they just need a testing ground to prove their product or service. If the company is truly in that space, they should have the funds to make this happen.

“We’re open and willing to consider virtually any product or service that is within the green sphere,” concludes McMonagle. “Green, for the purposes of this program, is anything from improving the environment to reducing electricity use, reducing our carbon footprint, cutting down fewer trees, whatever it might be. The benefit to the City is that it helps promote prosperity, jobs, training, development opportunities. So it’s a virtuous cycle.” ●●

City of Toronto GMAP and Solid Waste Sector As waste management gains traction in both the political and environmental arenas, the waste management industry is responding with innovation.

Here are some innovative avenues of that might qualify for Toronto’s GMAP. 1. Anaerobic digestion – ways to improve the process or utilize the methane gas.

20 » Solid Waste & Recycling

2. Zero waste – ways to utilize the City’s waste stream as a resource for others to use.

3. Waste to fuel – testing new processes to create biofuels from solid waste whether it be in solid, liquid or gas form.

4. Source separation of waste – testing new processes or systems to separate different waste types at the source.

5. Sorting technologies - testing new ways to take a mixed waste stream and divide it into reusable, separate waste streams.

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RECYCLING

Modular Depots for the Circular Economy— One Block at a Time By / Paul van der Werf Photos courtesy of Modulo-béton

Modular HHW Depot in Niagara Region

T

he waste and recycling depot is a fixture of Canadian waste management, used for both non-hazardous and hazardous waste streams. They continue to evolve, from a few bins scattered around a muddy yard, to more organized, above grade, built facilities. As we start moving towards a more circular economy, it is important that their design be given considerable forethought, to create facilities that are comprehensive, easy to use, and importantly, will attract residents and businesses for return visits.

Modular residential drop off solution for Rigaud, Quebec.

Modern depots today are often a combination of an engineering, earthmoving, and paving exercise to provide depot users with an above grade platform where they can toss their various materials into waiting bins below. Depots tend to be one-offs, and largely a function of the site specific geographies of where they are being built. Unlike other facilities where waste management activities take place, there are essentially next to no proprietary depot technologies or systems.

The exception is Modulo-béton, a modular (and movable) patented recycling depot technology that was introduced to 22 » Solid Waste & Recycling

RECYCLING

Modular residential drop off solution for Rigaud, Quebec.

Canada in 2012. Most simply pre-cast load-bearing (locally manufactured) concrete building pieces and ramps are assembled into custom “one of a kind” above grade depots.

Aside from having to follow the laws of physics, the building piece installation is only limited by one’s imagination. Depot users basically drive on the “roof” or platform and drop their various materials into waiting bins below. The space below the platform is entirely usable and can be used for storage, MHSW depot, offices, a re-use centre, and so on.

The technology has started to make inroads in some smaller Quebec communities and for HHW receipt in Niagara Region.

Saint-Rémi, Québec Site

The Modulo Eco-Centre in Saint-Rémi (population ca. 7,700) was built in October 2014. It consists of 27 blocks, which provide a driving platform of about 300m2, a single inbound and outbound ramp, and accommodation for eight roll-off bins around its perimeter. The site was completed within three months of contract award. The depot currently offers free collection of compostable materials, cardboard, household hazardous waste, electronics, bulky items (e.g. furniture), and tires. The centre also accepts yard/garden waste, construction and demolition waste, and renovation/other materials waste, although there is fee for these materials.

ending up in the landfill. The Eco-Centre accepts five types of materials including dry building materials, treated wood/ plywood, bulky metal (e.g. appliances), non-metallic and non-reusable bulky items (e.g. carpet), and asphalt shingles.

The site is staffed with an attendant and is currently seeing about 300 visits/week.

“Its flexibility, ability to improve, and ability to enlarge the Eco Centre made this approach a no brainer for us,” said

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Rigaud, Québec Site

The Modulo Eco-Centre in Rigaud (population ca. 7,600) was established in 2016. The facility is set up similarly to the Saint-Rémi site with capacity for eight roll-off bins around its perimeter, but with separate inbound and outbound ramps.

It can be challenging for small towns to offer their residents something substantial when it comes to depots. This Eco Centre gives the citizens of Rigaud an outlet, where there was previously none, for various waste streams that had been

Visit us at www.balconinc.com Or email us at info@balconinc.com solidwastemag.com » October / November 2016 » 23

RECYCLING

The Region expects to receive up to 35,000 vehicles and 800 tonnes of HHW material annually between the two facilities.

Rigaud Mayor Hans Gruenwal Jr. “Not to mention it was much less costly than other options.”

Ultimately, the decision was made because it made environmental sense but also to reduce waste disposal costs.

They have made full use of the available space under the eco centre platform. “We are presently using it for storage of some recyclables, such as electronics, that we receive throughout each day,” said Gruenwal.

Niagara Region Household Hazardous Waste Drop-off Depots

More recently the technology has been expanded to include purpose-built household hazardous waste (HHW) depots, two of which were recently installed in Niagara Region at the Humberstone Landfill and the Thorold Public Works Yard.

The same blocks and building principles are used to construct these facilities, except the output is a number of connected rooms where the various types of HHW material can be received, sorted, bulked, and safely stored, prior to

transporting from the site to an approved processor. The facilities were built to meet demanding specifications, which included MOECC, various fire codes, and CSA (electrical) requirements. Both include staff kiosks and a drive-thru area for residents. What this has done for the Region is allowed it to move away from 14 days per year of dedicated HHW event days, to facilities that are now open year round. The Region expects to receive up to 35,000 vehicles and 800 tonnes of HHW material annually between the two facilities.

As Niagara Region’s Bob Vanyo observes, “For our needs, this technology was flexible in terms how it could be configured and, in addition to the fire and safety features required at these types of facilities, offered some unique design features such as a canopy, which serves its purpose [of protection of the natural elements], yet lets in [natural] light, energy efficient lighting, and wide doors that facilitate easy in and out access for storage and removal of HHW.” Modulo facilities in places like the Netherlands have taken these concepts and combined the recycling depot and HHW depot in one location. That is, the “roof” of facilities are used as a driving deck for those want to recycle various items, while the space below is used a HHW depot. ●● Read more at Modulo-béton http://www.modulo-beton.com/en.

Paul is the owner of the environmental consultancy 2cg. He is also a PhD candidate at Western University and developing strategies to prevent food from becoming food waste.

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嘀椀猀椀琀 眀眀眀⸀瀀攀琀攀爀戀椀氀琀⸀挀漀洀 昀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀

24 » Solid Waste & Recycling

Away-From-Home Recycling: Schools Perceived As Major Players By / Isabelle Faucher, Managing Director Carton Council of Canada

A

recent consumer research study conducted by the Carton Council of Canada found that extending Canadians’ good recycling habits beyond the home is challenging for most. As kids prepare to head back to school, parents look for ways to streamline the routine and tackle the dreaded lunchbox preparation. It’s therefore no surprise that juice boxes, for example, are one of parents’ favourite items for an easy and healthy thirst quench. The more difficult part is ensuring that these beverage packaging end up in the recycling bin instead of the waste bin once our little ones have emptied them.

The research examined attitudes and behaviours pertaining to away-from-home recycling. In total, 59 per cent of the 2,000 respondents said it was either “much more difficult” or “somewhat more difficult” for them to recycle when they’re not at home.

We did not question the respondents on the reasons why awayfrom-home recycling was deemed more difficult, but here is a complement of information that you may find interesting.

People are most likely to say that they find it most difficult to recycle their food and beverage cartons when they are on the street (selected by close to 4 in 10). Most of the other potential locations examined in the survey (e.g., workplace, malls, public transit) were selected as most difficult by 10 per cent per cent to 15 per cent of people.

It is important to keep in mind that some of the location options are more relevant than others (e.g., not everyone takes public transit or has a workplace, but everyone walks down the street or goes to malls). In this vein, we note that parents with children under 13 years of age, are much more likely to find it most difficult to recycle food and beverage cartons at parks or sports fields.

Schools are perceived as critical in encouraging kids to participate in away-from-home recycling. Because most children eat lunch at school, this is where many empty milk and juice cartons end up. Also, because schools help instill values, beliefs, and habits in young people, these institutions solidwastemag.com » October / November 2016 » 25

© Can Stock Photo Inc. / diego_cervo

RECYCLING

RECYCLING are ideally positioned to educate children about the benefits of recycling and how to do it.

Moving Forward In 2012, CCC sponsored the Recycling Council of Ontario’s Waste Free Lunch Challenge. As a complimentary initiative, one of the Council’s members commissioned a study to better understand the quantities of cartons currently being consumed in Ontario schools, and how they are being handled.

The CCC is currently gathering the necessary information to develop a long-term strategy to leverage the receptivity of children to become waste diversion ambassadors and to boost carton recovery in schools throughout the country. The Carton Council of Canada also developed tools such as educational posters and best practice guides to optimize carton recycling in schools, and make those available for any school interested.

Learn more at www.recyclecartons.ca ●●

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The survey revealed that virtually everyone believes schools should be recycling kids’ milk and juice cartons, even when the cartons are brought to school from home. In the opinion of 63 per cent of respondents, schools should make recycling a priority. In the eyes of the remainder of respondents, schools should recycle if it is “feasible for them” to do so.

Interestingly enough, the view of parents and non-parents on this question is the same.

In an effort to increase recycling in schools, the Canadian Beverage Containers Recycling Association (CBCRA) has worked to boost its Recycle Everywhere 101 Program in Manitoba. With support provided by the Carton Council of Canada, CBCRA aims to have all schools in the province participating in the program by the end of the year. In addition to providing participating schools with recycling bins and supporting resources, the program features an educational component for students that focuses on the good habits and benefits of recycling.

In 2012, CCC sponsored the Recycling Council of Ontario’s Waste Free Lunch Challenge. As a complimentary initiative, one of the Council’s members commissioned a study to better understand the quantities of cartons currently being consumed in Ontario schools, and how they are being handled.

The CCC is currently gathering the necessary information to develop a long-term strategy to leverage the receptivity of children to become waste diversion ambassadors and to boost carton recovery in schools throughout the country.

The Carton Council of Canada also developed tools such as educational posters and best practice guides to optimize cartonrecycling in schools, and make those available for any school interested.

With great and innovative initiatives like Recycle Everywhere 101, schools and communities can help grow access to recycling, even when one is away from home, so that it becomes part of everyone’s everyday routine.●● About the Carton Council of Canada The Carton Council of Canada is composed of the leading carton manufacturing companies in Canada, including Elopak, Evergreen Packaging, SIG Combibloc, and Tetra Pak. Formed in 2010, the Carton Council works to deliver long-term collaborative solutions in order to divert valuable cartons from disposal. Through a united effort, the Carton Council is committed to raising awareness, promoting best practices, and ensuring adequate policy measures with the ongoing goal of increasing carton recycling. For more information, visit www.recyclecartons.ca.

Manufacturing Parts and Service

26 » Solid Waste & Recycling

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2016-10-20 11:52 AM

RECYCLING

Eco-friendly Cleaning, Almost Zero Packaging Waste By / Catherine Rust

IF

you read my work enough, you know by now, that I hate waste. I hate that we have to throw out perfectly good packaging items such as spray bottles, glass jars, and cardboard shoe boxes. I reuse as many as I can but at some point, there is a limit. So, when I stumbled on Splosh through the Ellen MacArthur website, I saw a company after my own heart. Splosh makes eco-friendly household cleaners and has thought of every facet to minimize waste production along the way. Once you are set up with your first cleaning kit – first order includes the bottles – you order your refills via a website.

Angus Grahame, the founder of Splosh, talks on his website about how he came up with the idea: The Splosh story starts back in January 2010. I was standing in the Hay on Wye Co-Op car park throwing plastic bottles into a recycling container, and was struck by the thought that what I was doing was pretty silly. Ridiculous in fact. I was buying bottles for stuff like washing up and laundry products, my family were using them once, and then I threw them away—in perfectly good condition.

Angus set out to develop eco-friendly products and sell direct to consumer,

Do you have an interesting story idea or news item?

Contact our editor Jessica Kirby at 250.816.3671 or email jkirby@pointonemedia.com

bypassing the complex web of distribution and grocery store channels.

While there are plenty of non-toxic cleaners out there, most of them still ignore the packaging problem—which is huge. In most cases, eco-friendly cleaners are packaged in large bottles filled with cleaner 80-90 per cent of which is water. Regarding the packaging, it’s not guaranteed that the consumer will recycle it, and recycling still isn’t available everywhere. Further, the added water means less product is transported to the grocery store per shipment (larger, heavier containers than shipping concentrate alone), so more trucks are needed for more stock.

Adding water to the product at home significantly cuts the greenhouse gas emissions associated with transportation (think of concentrated orange juice versus “not from concentrate”).

Angus has made Splosh products as effortless as possible, including the size of the box used for shipping to the consumer; boxes are designed to fit perfectly into UK mail slots so no having to trudge off to the post office to claim your parcel, and shipping costs are included in all your orders.

The products and refills come in two different forms: some products are available in sachets that dissolve once

mixed with water. Other products arrive in pouches at full strength. Splosh has made the products as easy to use as possible. For the products that arrive in sachets, the website’s instructions are pretty simple: 1. Pop a sachet into your bottle.

2.

Add water and be amazed by some clever chemistry.

3. Wait a minute or two and you’re set to go.

In the case where plastic pouches are needed (as in the case of fabric softener), the liquid is simply emptied into the bottle it’s meant for. Pouches are meant to be sent back to Splosh for refilling and reuse (postage paid, of course!).

Plastic waste is an environmental disaster and we’re committed to reducing it to zero. For each product we’ve designed a refilling system that takes plastic out of the waste stream.

For example our pouches can be sent back for refilling and, at the end of their life, we manage their reprocessing into other products.

This is music to my waste phobic ears! ●●

Let’s talk trash! 2cg Waste Audits • Waste Diversion Planning • Stewardship Organics • Food Waste Reduction Paul van der Werf, M.Sc. 519-645-7733

@2cg @allfoodisfood

Waste Management Consulting Services

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solidwastemag.com » October / Novemberr 2016 » 27

ENERGY

Developing the Renewable Natural Gas Market in Ontario By / Jennifer Green Canadian Biogas Association Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) is defined as upgraded biogas sourced from agricultural bi-products, residential and commercial source separated organic materials, wastewater, and landfills. Currently the industry is in its infancy with one RNG project in Ontario in production and several more in various phases of development. Canada’s RNG resource base is approximately equivalent to 25 per cent of the country’s annual natural gas production.

Interest in the RNG market is continuing to grow. Farmers, agri-businesses, utilities, private sector companies, and municipalities are all looking for ways to be environmentally responsible and energy efficient. Developers are investigating RNG projects that inject directly into the pipeline to leverage existing infrastructure and storage capabilities and create lower-carbon, resilient energy systems. Others are considering the use of RNG as a transportation fuel for trucking fleets, to displace higher carbon intensity fossil fuels. Interest is also high because biogas is a proven and adaptable technology that has the potential to reduce GHG emissions by 30 MtCO2 per year or capable of attaining over 10 per cent of Canada’s GHG reduction target.

Given the potential for RNG to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, supportive policies to enable even greater RNG production have been sought by the Canadian Biogas Association (CBA), in partnership with the Canadian Gas Association, and other industry members. The CBA is leading an effort to educate Ontario stakeholders about 28 » Solid Waste & Recycling

Photo courtesy of Canadian Biogas Association.

RNG and to develop the RNG market in Canada in terms of supply and demand.

The RNG Outreach and Market Development project is supported by the Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO). Given that the RNG market is more developed in the US and RNG prices are higher (range from $15 to $30), it is imperative that the federal and provincial governments move quickly to implement policies that encourage a more rapid development of its RNG market and reasonable prices.

To accomplish this objective, the CBA has met with Ontario government ministries, including the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), the Ministry of Energy (MOE), and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) to share information and to determine program needs as it relates to long-term energy planning and climate change goals. CBA has also formed a RNG Working Group to bring together subject matter experts from the private and public sectors to discuss economic, policy, and technology barriers and opportunities to RNG development.

CBA is hosting a RNG workshop in the fall of 2016 to educate municipalities about RNG opportunities. The findings from these various forums will be summarized in a Ontario RNG Pathway report to the IESO. Through the Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) brought forward by MOECC and approved by the Ontario government in June 2016, Ontario is investing up to $100 million of cap and trade proceeds over four years to support the implementation of a

renewable content requirement for natural gas and provide support to encourage the use of cleaner, renewable natural gas in industrial, transportation, and buildings sectors. The government has been consulting with industry on the implementation of this requirement.

The province intends to work with the Ontario Trucking Association, Union Gas, Enbridge Gas Distribution, and others to establish a network of natural gas and low or zero carbon fuelling stations. The Ontario government will also work with utilities to ensure the biogas content of the fuel provided is increased over time to further lower the carbon footprint of this alternative fuel.

Ontario will also be investing approximately $20 million over four years to pilot solutions to reduce emissions from transportation and goods movement by promoting the use of renewable natural gas from the digestion of agricultural materials and food wastes. In addition, Ontario will invest up to $170 million over four years in a new Green Commercial Vehicle Program to provide incentives to eligible businesses that want to buy low-carbon commercial vehicles and technologies to reduce emissions, including electric and natural gaspowered trucks, aerodynamic devices, anti-idling devices, and electric trailer refrigeration.

Ontario has already committed to creating a $200 million Natural Gas Access Loan and a $30 million Natural Gas Economic Development Grant to help more communities, including rural and remote areas of the province, access Continued on page 38

ENERGY

Worldwide Extraction of Materials Triples in Four Decades, Intensifying Climate Change and Air Pollution Rising consumption fuelled by a growing middle class has seen the amount of primary materials extracted from the Earth triple in the last four decades, according to a new report by the United Nations Environment Programme-hosted International Resource Panel (IRP).

The dramatic increase in the use of fossil fuels, metals, and other materials will intensify climate change, increase air pollution, reduce biodiversity, and ultimately lead to the depletion of natural resources, causing worrying shortages of critical materials and heightening the risk of local conflicts, warns the report.

“The alarming rate at which materials are now being extracted is already having a severe impact on human health and people’s quality of life,” said IRP co-chair Alicia Bárcena Ibarra.

“It shows that the prevailing patterns of production and consumption are unsustainable.

“We urgently need to address this problem before we have irreversibly depleted the resources that power our economies and lift people out of poverty. This deeply complex problem, one of humanity’s biggest tests yet, calls for a rethink of the governance of natural resource extraction to maximize its contribution to sustainable development at all levels.”

The information on material flows contained in the new report complements economic statistics, identifies the scale and urgency of global environmental issues, and supports the monitoring of the progress countries are making towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The amount of primary materials extracted from the Earth rose from 22 billion tonnes in 1970 to a staggering

70 billion tonnes in 2010, with the richest countries consuming on average 10 times as many materials as the poorest countries and twice as much as the world average.

If the world continues to provide housing, mobility, food, energy, and water in the same way as today, by 2050 the planet’s nine billion people would require 180 billion tonnes of material every year to meet demand. This is almost three times today’s amount and will likely raise the acidification and eutrophication of the world’s soils and water bodies, increase soil erosion, and lead to greater amounts of waste and pollution.

The report also ranks countries by the size of their per-capita material footprints—the amount of material required for final demand in a country, an indicator that sheds light on the true impact of a country on the global natural resource base. It is also a good proxy for the material standard of living in a country.

Europe and North America, which had annual per capita material footprints of 20 and 25 tonnes in 2010, are at the top of the table. By comparison, China had a material footprint of 14 tonnes per capita and Brazil 13 tonnes.

The annual per-capita material footprint for Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and West Asia is between 9 and 10 tonnes. Africa’s footprint is below 3 tonnes per capita.

Global material use has rapidly accelerated since 2000 as emerging economies like China undergo industrial and urban transformations that require unprecedented amounts of iron, steel, cement, energy, and construction materials.

Since 1990, there has been little improvement in global material

By / UNEP Newsdesk

efficiency. In fact, efficiency started to decline around 2000. The global economy now needs more material per unit of GDP than it did at the turn of the century because production has shifted from material-efficient economies such as Japan, South Korea, and Europe to far less material-efficient economies like China, India, and South East Asia. This has led to an increase in environmental pressure for every unit of economic activity.

The report “Global Material Flows and Resource Productivity” presents various ways the world can maintain economic growth and increase human development while reducing the amount of primary materials it uses to achieve this.

Decoupling escalating material use from economic growth is the “imperative of modern environmental policy and essential for the prosperity of human society and a healthy natural environment,” states the IRP, which is a consortium of 34 internationally renowned scientists, over 30 national governments, and other groups.

Decoupling, which will be necessary for countries to achieve the SDGs, requires well-designed policies. Investments in research and development, combined with better public policy and financing, will be essential. This will create significant economic opportunities for inclusive and sustained economic growth and job creation.

But increasing material efficiency alone is not enough. By lowering costs, greater efficiency will allow for higher economic growth and perhaps hamper efforts to reduce overall material demand. The IRP recommends putting a price on primary materials at extraction in order to reflect the social Continued on page 38 solidwastemag.com » October / Novemberr 2016 » 29

●● technology

Utilization of Ash from EFW Facilities

By / John Nicholson, M.Sc., P.Eng.

With the supposed move away from landfilling and the push toward the 3Rs, the 4R – energy recovery – has also received increased attention as a solution to managing the residual material in Canada.

but that doesn’t have to be the case.

There are several options for utilization of the bottom ash as feedstock in the manufacture of new products.

Some argue that the 2015 commissioning of the York Durham EFW Facility in Clarington Township (about a one-hour drive east of Toronto) was the turning point for renewed interest in energyfrom-waste (EFW) facilities in Canada.

That remains to be seen as other major municipalities, notably Vancouver, has put a hold on expansion of its EFW capacity.

In 2005, Eveline Jonkhoff from the City of Amsterdam Waste and Energy Company came to extoll of the virtues of EFW. She explained to a packed conference in Toronto how the Amsterdam facility, a public utility 100 per cent owned by the city, has been a success since start up in terms of economics, technology, and environmental performance. It also uses the bottom ash in the manufacture of bricks. In the Netherlands, legislation has targeted for bottom ash utilization to 100 per cent. Similar legislation exists in other countries across Europe.

One of the biggest obstacles to the building of an EFW facility is environmental permitting, which includes public review. The recalcitrance of local environmental activists to thermal management of municipal solid waste (MSW) only makes the process of building a facility all the more challenging. One of their complaints is that thermal treatment turns a solid waste problem into an air pollution problem and then a concentrated waste problem, in the form of ash, that still needs to be landfilled.

Thermally treating MSW results in two types of ash. Fly ash is light particulate that “flies” up the flue and needs to be captured in an air pollution control system before the off-gases are vented up the stack. The bottom ash consists of a mixture of glass, ceramics, sand and gravel, metals, and minerals and makes up approximately 5 to 15 percent of the volume of the incoming MSW. The fly ash typically contains heavy metals and needs to be managed as hazardous waste. The bottom ash is typically landfilled in North America

30 » Solid Waste & Recycling

European Lead

Besides utilizing bottom ash in the manufacture of bricks, it has also been used in road construction and as an ingredient in the manufacture of cement. Pre-treatment prior to reuse/ recycling of the ash includes screening, metal recovery, and weathering to ensure decreased organics and low leaching of critical components.

Canadian Developments The utilization of bottom ash in Canada is not as popular as Europe. Of the existing MSW incinerators in the country, none have committed bottom ash reuse and recycling programs.

The York Durham EFW facility currently landfills its bottom ash with a long-term goal of recycling it after metals are removed. The other major Ontario-based EFW facility, the Emerald EFW Facility in Brampton, also disposes of its bottom ash in a landfill, although the ash is used as a cover material. The Metro Vancouver

EFW facility, located in Burnaby, also landfills its bottom ash.

In Prince Edward Island, a start-up brick company is testing whether bottom ash can replace a portion of the cement used in the manufacture of bricks. Concrete is a mixture of sand, crushed rock, and cement. The company currently imports crushed rock and cement from off-Island so any on-island replacement has potential to save the company money.

Ali Younes, founder of the Prince Edward Island Brick Company, is committed to making more environmentally-friendly bricks. As a bonus, his company would be paid to take the bottom ash from the PEI incinerator.

Barriers to Implementation The major reason for reuse/recycling of bottom ash in Europe versus the landfilling approach in Canada is the high price of landfilling in Europe compared to Canada. In Europe, state legislated landfill taxes up to $200 per tonne skew the economics to the point that reuse/recycling makes financial sense. Furthermore, some parts of Europe lack natural aggregates for road construction, hence the willingness to utilize ash as a substitute.

Another major barrier to the utilization of bottom ash is quality control. The manufacturers of bricks and asphalt need to make their products to exact specifications, which means consistent composition of the feedstock.

EFW facilities can’t provide guarantees of consistency as it they don’t have control over their feedstock – MSW. ●●

●● policy and law

Manitoba’s New Stewardship Plans The Manitoba government is reviewing eight proposed new plans for recycling and collection of designated products.

Producer responsibility organizations have submitted the five-year product stewardship plans to cover the years 2017-2021 under the Waste Reduction and Prevention Act regulations.

Manitoba has a total of 12 industryled programs that handle collection, recycling, and disposal of materials designated by regulation. These programs divert 120,000 tonnes of designated materials from landfills and generate about $42 million in revenue annually.

The eight programs in respect of which new stewardship plans have been put forward are as follows: Household Hazardous Waste Stewardship Program, Packaging and Printed Paper Program, End-of-Life Electronics Stewardship Program, Tire Stewardship Program, Battery Stewardship Program, Manitoba Stewardship Program for Lead-Acid Batteries, Manitoba Medication Return Program, and Manitoba Stewardship Program for Mercury-Containing Thermostats.

Household Hazardous Waste Product Care Association of Canada currently operates the Manitoba Household Hazardous Waste Stewardship Program under an approved stewardship plan. The Program is funded by members who remit environmental handling fees based on quantities of products sold in or into Manitoba.

The new plan calls for an increase of 10 per cent in paint collection volumes over 2015 volumes by 2021. The program also aims to increase total collections for florescent lights by 2028 per cent over 2015 volumes collected by 2021. There is also an objective to

By / Rosalind H. Cooper establish 18 full-service collection sites by 2017 and 24 such sites by 2021. As of December 31, 2015, the program had 10 full-service collection sites.

The new plan has also set targets for consumer awareness of recycling.

Consumer awareness of paint recycling is set at 41 per cent and other household hazardous wastes at 48 per cent by 2017; 43 per cent and 50 per cent, respectively, by 2019; and, 46 per cent and 53 per cent, respectively, by 2021.

In 2014, consumer awareness of paint recycling was 36 per cent and other household hazardous waste was 43 per cent.

Batteries Call2Recycle Canada, Inc. is a nonprofit organization created and funded by battery and product manufacturers and has been operating the stewardship program in Canada since 1997, collecting and recycling primary and rechargeable batteries nationally. In 2011, Call2Recycle was appointed

by Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship as the agent for battery stewardship in Manitoba.

Since the program was officially launched, Call2Recycle has collected more than 275,000 kg of batteries in Manitoba and diverted them from the waste stream. The new Battery Stewardship Program aims to increase consumer awareness of battery recycling from 77–85 per cent by 2021 and to increase frequency of battery recycling from 44 per cent to 60 per cent by 2021. There is also intention to increase accessibility to recycling from 81 per cent to 90 per cent.

End-of-Life Electronics The Electronic Products Recycling Association, a not-for-profit association incorporated to manage recycling

programs across Canada, has operated a successful electronics recycling program in Manitoba since August of 2012 and has collected over 9,500 metric tonnes (over 1,200,000 devices) of waste electronics in Manitoba.

Under the program, stewards are responsible for ensuring that a fee is applied to new designated electronics items and remitting the funds to the program administrator. The new program intends to partner with other stewardship programs to collect program materials in remote and northern areas.

Medications The Household Hazardous Material and Prescribed Material Stewardship Regulation creates a set of requirements and criteria for two categories: pharmaceutical products and natural health products, both captured under the Manitoba Medications Return Program. Since 2011, the Health Products Stewardship Association has administered the program for prescriptions drugs, over-the-counter medications and natural health products sold for use in the province of Manitoba but limited to the “consumer/ residential” waste stream.

The program diverted about 19,000 kg of unused or expired medications in 2015 from landfills or waterways and the new plan aims to increase participation rate of retail pharmacies in the program from 80 to 85 per cent by 2021. There is also an objective to increase consumer awareness by 10 per cent by 2021.

Continued on page 38

solidwastemag.com » October / Novemberr 2016 » 31

●● mergers

Why a Due Diligence Review is Essential in a Business Acquisition When you consider acquiring a business, it is essential that you engage a professional with the necessary expertise and experience to perform a due diligence review (DDR). This will always significantly reduce your risk. In a recent discussion with James Phillipson, a founding principal of Mastermind Solutions Inc. he said, “I have, on many occasions, found sufficient evidence in the review process that resulted in my clients withdrawing from the deal. My findings convinced them of evidence of potential loss of their entire investment. In addition, there is often additional information that warrants an adjustment to the purchase price and the terms in the letter of intent.”

The letter of intent (LOI) sets out the key terms of the offer that includes the right to do a DDR. Even where the LOI is binding on the purchaser, a DDR is essential, as it provides the purchaser with a wealth of information about the business that reduces the risks in every acquisition and enables the purchaser to plan for the numerous aspects of the business they will soon be managing.

Your lawyers’ review of the legal documents and agreements should not be considered equal to or be replaced by a DDR. A DDR is much more comprehensive and reviews many strategic areas of the business.

What is included in a DDR? A comprehensive DDR will cover all aspects of the business that are likely to entail risk for the purchaser. The

By / Mark Borkowski

reviewer team leader will discuss with the purchaser the scope of the DDR, i.e., the aspects of possible concern that are to be covered or excluded. An extensive checklist will be utilized to ensure that nothing material is omitted.

It is not uncommon for purchaser’s staff to participate in the DDR. In some cases specific technical expertise is necessary to perform the review or, detailed information will be obtained to facilitate transition after closing. Also, the purchaser may want to include staff to manage the cost of the DDR. The DDR commences with obtaining a list of documents and other material that can be anticipated. During the process, the reviewer will review documentation and provide copies thereof for the purchaser’s lawyers and other specialists, in preparation for the agreement of purchase and sale. In addition, the reviewer will often adjust the normalized earnings that have been used in the calculation of the purchase price and refine any forecasts that have been prepared by the purchaser of future earnings, cash flows, working capital required, and other key metrics.

In my discussion with Phillipson he stated, “The savings in costs, combined with the benefits of having a list of issues that need to be managed, will exceed the cost of the DDR.” What happens when a DDR does not run smoothly?

The reviewer may find significant and unexpected issues that the vendor

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cannot quickly resolve. The purchaser will be provided with a report setting out the issues and the expected impact, along with possible steps to mitigate, e.g., renegotiate the purchase price or abandon the acquisition.

How the vendor responds to issues found can have a material impact on the result as the items accumulate. The risk of the DDR continuing for a longer period than anticipated usually has a much bigger impact on the seller. It is common for the vendor and their senior staff to neglect day-to-day operations of the business, as they attend to the issues that arise out of a DDR. A DDR that extends over a period will maintain a vigilant eye on the key performance indicators of the business and if they start slipping will provide fodder for the purchaser to renegotiate the purchase price to reflect those lower results and the increased risk to the purchaser.

Conclusion A DDR is an essential part of the process in acquiring a business. A professional reviewer will always find issues by digging through the records and using their business experience.

The result of the review will impact the purchaser by providing information to be used in finalizing the acquisition and facilitating a smooth transition and mitigating risk. ●● Mark Borkowski is president of Toronto-based Mercantile Mergers & Acquisitions Corporation.

Mercantile specializes in the sale of Canadian mid-market businesses. He can be contacted at www.mercantilemergersacquisitions.com.

●● around the world

ASCAN GEASER Buys Thirty-four New Waste Collection Vehicles from Geesinknorba Spain

By / Timothy Byrne

Ascan Geaser, the largest environmental services company in Cantabria and specialists in providing services for municipalities, has purchased 34 new waste collection vehicles from Geesinknorba Spain.

This fleet will service the ten-year waste, recycling, and street cleaning contract Ascan Geaser won from the municipality of Santander in 2013. The company was providing waste, recycling, street, and beach cleansing services for Santander for the previous eight years before winning the contract.

Santander is the capital of Cantabria and has a population of 300,000 people. The city is a busy port providing ferry links from northern Spain to other countries in Europe. Many tourists visit Santander each year producing, according to 2015 figures, 56,892 tonnes of non-recyclable waste, 3,288 tonnes of paper and cardboard, 1,812 tonnes of comingled ferrous and non-ferrous tin cans, dry recyclables and plastics, HDPE, PET, and TETRAPACK. The new fleet comprises 12 Rossi satellite waste collection vehicles, which feature seven Rossi QUBE units of 5.5m3 capacity, complete with compaction and bin lift, while five R205 models with 5.5m3 capacity have also been supplied without compaction. These are mounted onto 3.5 tonne twoaxle 4x2 Renault Master Euro 6 compliant chassis. Eleven of these units are equipped with a trunnion / bar lift to handle 360 litre and 1000 litre containers of DIN 30700 and DIN 30740 specifications. These vehicles will work night and day clearing waste deposited in bags and boxes, and some bulky wastes next to 2,200 and 3,200 litre side loader containers at communal collection points in the centre of Santander and the suburbs. One of these new Rossi units has no lifter fitted and has been supplied in open back mode for manual waste loading. The new Rossi QUBE and R205 units will also collect waste from 360 litre containers at some apartment buildings in the city where larger containers and larger vehicles cannot gain access. Once full, these units discharge into a Geesinknorba ‘N’ Series 15H25 rear loader, which acts as a mothership transferring the waste from the Rossi units to the waste treatment plant in Cantabria province.

tonne two-axle chassis with Euro 6 compliant engines. The chassis has been fitted with a MAN semi-automatic 12-speed transmission. One of these units will collect waste from markets and special areas where 360 and 1000 litre containers are deployed. A total of 100 360 and 1000 litre containers in combined sizes are used for this service. These units will work 24 hours a day on a three-shift cycle. The ‘N’ Series has a high compaction ratio of 6:1 so these new units will yield high payloads when collecting market waste and transferring waste from the smaller Rossi QUBE and R205 units. The ‘N’ Series units also have the SmartPack system fitted, which helps to reduce fuel consumption by 15 per cent.

Twenty AMS CL1 series side loaders were also purchased consisting of one CL1 - N unit of 15m3 capacity and mounted onto an Iveco Eurocargo 180E28 4x2 18 tonne two-axle chassis. This Iveco unit features a Euro 6 compliant engine of 280 horsepower and the Allison 3000 Series fivespeed automatic transmission. An AMS CL-N unit of 16m3 capacity was also purchased and mounted onto a MAN TGM 4x2 18-tonne two-axle chassis fitted with a MAN Euro 6 compliant engine of 320 horsepower and the MAN 12-speed semi-automatic transmission. Sixteen AMS CL1-N side loaders of 25m3 capacity mounted onto MAN TGS 6x2 tag axle three-axle 26 tonne chassis were also bought. These chassis feature the 320 horsepower Euro 6 series engine and the MAN 12-speed semi automatic transmission. Finally, two AMS CL1- E electric side loaders were purchased, mounted

Two ‘N’ Series 15H25 rear loaders were also purchased from Geesinknorba Spain. These are fitted with the L200 bin lift, which consists of a trunnion / comb lift to DIN 30700 / DIN 30740 specifications. One of these units has a detachable rave extension fitted to facilitate emptying by the fleet of Rossi QUBE and R205 satellite units. These new ‘N’ Series units have been mounted onto MAN TGM 4x2 18 solidwastemag.com » October / November 2016 » 33

●● around the world

ASCAN´s fleet is made up of totally low-emission compliant vehicles contributing to improving air emissions.

onto MAN TGS 6x2 tag axle three-axle 26 tonne chassis with MAN’s 320 horsepower Euro 6 series low emissions compliant engine and the MAN 12-speed semi automatic transmission. ASCAN GEASER decided to purchase two of the CL1-E electric side loaders off Geesinknorba Spain to use for collecting waste in the centre of Santander because of the units reduced CO2, Nox, and reduced noise emissions.

Eleven to twelve of the new AMS CL1 series side loaders operate nightly from 10 p.m. until 4 a.m. These collect non-recyclable waste from the city centre and, once full, deliver their loads of waste to the waste treatment plant once or twice nightly.

ASCAN also collects non-recyclable waste using the CL1 series side loaders from 4 a.m. for the outer suburbs then delivering it to Cantabria’s waste treatment plant. These vehicles finish their shift at 10 a.m. A side loader also works in the afternoon from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. collecting non-recyclable waste.

Three of the new AMS CL1 series side loaders are deployed collecting recyclable wastes e.g. mixed paper and cardboard, while one is deployed collecting HDPE and PET plastics, TETRAPACK, and ferrous and non-ferrous tin cans commingled. This starts at 6 a.m. and the dry recyclables collected are delivered to a recycling facility operated

by Urbaser SA for Cantabria for baling and shipment to processors.

To further optimize the productivity of the new waste collection service, ASCAN GEASER has deployed the use of a GIS sensor. When waste is deposited in the containers, the sensor calculates how much cubic air space the waste will consume, and then sends the percentage of bin capacity left per m3 to ASCAN GEASER and to the municipality. This system helps ASCAN GEASER optimize its waste collection service across Santander by designing new waste collection 34 » Solid Waste & Recycling

rounds from this data so only full containers are emptied, thus helping to reduce operational costs and the carbon footprint.

The NEC system is also used to deploy the whole of ASCAN GEASER´S fleet of waste collection and street cleansing vehicles. Management, as well as the municipality, can see how long waste collection and street cleansing vehicles are taking to carry out the service. If a breakdown (e.g. a puncture) occurs, the NEC system will relay this information to ASCAN and Santander municipality so that a solution can be found to complete the round. Thirty of ASCAN’s vehicles’ CO2 and NOx emissions are monitored using the NEC system with the data being provided to Santander municipality to demonstrate that ASCAN’s fleet is made up of totally low emission compliant vehicles contributing to improving air emissions across Santander.

Mr. Ruben Varela, chief executive officer of the environmental division of ASCAN GEASER explained, “ASCAN chose the equipment options from Geesinknorba Spain for the new waste collection service in Santander because it was innovative and designed with the emphasis of Smart Cities in mind. The new fleet of Rossi, ‘N’ Series and AMS CL1 side loader units has helped to provide a more sustainable waste collection system for the city of Santander. This, combined with the use of the NEC GIS system has helped to reduce costs as well as improve operational efficiency.”

Mr. Marco Antonio Casaos, technical director of the environmental division of ASCAN GEASER explained, “A long standing working relationship with Geesinknorba Spain had existed combined with a good delivery time for all 34 new waste collection vehicles supplied.”

Geesinknorba’s products are of a high quality and backed up with a three-year warranty, he added. Price was also a factor in choosing Geesinknorba Spain to supply the new fleet of waste collection vehicles for the new contract. ●●

RCA Event a Super Success By / Oliver Berger Every year the Recycling Council of Alberta (RCA) hosts its annual recycling conference. This year’s theme was League of Extraordinary Recyclers – Knocking out Waste and was held at the Jasper Park Lodge in Jasper, Alberta.

Captain Compost and Super Recycler graced the big screens all weekend keeping us inspired. People from all corners of the province including some outsiders from the rest of Canada came to share their super powers and stories of battles with waste.

We had many interesting speakers during the week. An adventurer photographer/writer Scott Parent presented with his daughter Thalassa their recent family story. They bought a five-acre property on Bruce Peninsula in Ontario and along with it: garbage.

The previous owner used parts of the land as a dumping ground for the locals.

The family of three was prepared for the challenge. They shared pictures of before and after, how they managed the waste, some of their creative repurpose projects, and most impressively how they rehabilitated some of the sensitive ecosystems in and around the property.

Now a family of five the Parents use the site as their homestead and also an educational tool for friends and neighbours.

There was also an interesting presentation by Waste Managers coming from Fort McMurray, Slave Lake, Bragg Creek, and Lethbridge areas. They spent some time describing what it was like to move the influx of waste created when a forest fire or flooding strikes your area. The quick and innovating thinking of these individuals, managing traffic, dealing with hazardous waste, diverting scam contractors, and most of all, coping with the emotions that come from these

●● waste watch events was one we all took many notes on. Some real superheroes here.

One more inspirational session was put on by Celia Lam, who has made it her life passion to educate people about the vast amounts of perfectly good food we waste. It is estimated by the UN that 1/3 of all the food supply cultivated and harvested is wasted. While nearly 800 million people are hungry, Celia could not sit around and do nothing about it. She spoke about her worldwide learning experiences in New York, Thailand, and Japan where different cultures introduced her to innovative ways of cooking with leftovers. She is the founder of From Root to Sky offering cooking courses, assisting with zero waste events, and showing the world how to use every part of the food we grow.

Speaking of food, the final gala dinner was not only delicious; it was also the collaboration of approximately 400 environmental ambassadors all dressed as their favourite super hero or heroine. I don’t think I have seen so many Batmans or Wonder Womans in one location, ever. We also witnessed some very appropriate guests including ‘The Incinerator,’ ‘David Suzuki,’ ‘Bill Nye the Science Guy,’ and the crowd favourite ‘Mega-Bag Man’!

Amidst the stunning view of the Canadian Rockies and ‘talking trash’ with all the amazing waste superheroes from around the country, we had a blast! ●●

EREF and SWANA to Collaborate on Research, Education, and Awareness The Environmental Research & Education Foundation (EREF) and the Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU)

that outlines the intent to conduct various collaborative efforts, including data aggregation and similar applied research efforts of mutual interest, joint fundraising activities to fund research efforts, increased collaboration regarding industry education, and enhancing the awareness of both organizations. The MOU will enable EREF and SWANA’s Applied Research Foundation (ARF) to support and complement each other’s efforts, with ARF focusing on applied research and its application to today’s solid waste management issues and EREF’s focus on more basic research conducted by some of the nation’s top universities.

“SWANA has a long history of serving the waste industry, including strong ties with municipalities, while EREF is one of the primary sources of research and education relating to sustainable waste management practices,” said EREF president and CEO Bryan Staley, Ph.D., P.E. “This MOU provides unique opportunities for both organizations to serve the industry in a more unified way.”

“The formal collaboration between EREF and SWANA will enhance the scope, credibility, and influence of both of our organizations,” said David Biderman, SWANA executive director and CEO. “Our missions complement each other and we look forward to a strong working relationship.

In particular, I am excited about the opportunity to jointly perform research on safety issues and leachate management.”

The research and data analysis expertise that EREF brings to the relationship has already provided support to SWANA’s Planning & Management Technical Division by informing the discussion on SWANA development of a policy related to calculating diversion/recycling rates.

This effort was highlighted in a session entitled, “The Elephant in the Room: Calculating a Waste Diversion Rate” at

solidwastemag.com » October / Novemberr 2016 » 35

●● waste watch WASTECON® 2016, which included, along with EREF, representatives from the US EPA and Burns & McDonnell.

During this presentation EREF highlighted the latest research from its Data & Policy Program, which used a facility-based approach in each state to investigate and compare policy-derived recycling rates versus recyclable tonnages managed by MRFs and aggregator-type facilities.

EREF is a 501(c) class charity that funds and directs scientific research and educational initiatives for waste management practices to benefit industry participants and the communities they serve. For more complete information on EREF funded research, scholarships, its education program, and how to donate to this great cause, visit www.erefdn.org.

SWANA is an organization of more than 8,500 public and private sector professionals committed to advancing from solid waste management to resource management through their shared emphasis on education, advocacy and research. For more than 50 years, SWANA has been the leading association in the solid waste management field. SWANA serves industry professionals through technical conferences, certifications, publications, and a large offering of technical training courses. For more information, visit www.swana.org. ●●

Shred-Tech Exclusive Distributor for HAAS TYRON Shredders in North America brings HAAS Shredder to Canada Shred-Tech, headquartered in Cambridge, Ontario, has announced it has been named the exclusive North American distributor of Haas Tyron shredders. The company hosted an 36 » Solid Waste & Recycling

BHS to Build Oman Mixed Waste Recycling Systems

open house on September 27, 2016, to launch and demonstrate the shredder’s capabilities on September 29 2016 for the City of Guelph, Ontario.

At the city’s transfer station, the company used the Haas Tyron 2000XL slow speed, high torque shredder to easily reduce high volumes of wood waste and green waste for further processing and composting. The Haas Tyron is manufactured by Germanybased Haas Recycling Systems. The double-shaft, slow-speed shredder is capable of processing difficult materials, such as MSW, wood waste, pallets, tires, paper rolls, plastics, mattresses, white goods, construction & demolition waste, and E-waste, according to Shred-Tech.

The Haas Tyron 2000 Xl is available in capacities ranging from 25 tons per hour to 100 tons per hour depending on the application and material. Available options include stationary, trailer, or track mounting, hopper extensions, cross belt magnets, and water spray dust control. These shredders feature central lubrication, radio remote control, and a hydraulic system designed to work in extreme temperatures and conditions.

The shredder offers numerous advantages, Shred-Tech says, including the ability to process high volumes of mixed wastes with minimal dust generation with low maintenance / operational costs. ●●

The two systems will capture recyclables and produce refuse derived fuel Al Ramooz National LLC has selected Bulk Handling Systems (BHS) to provide two mixed waste processing facilities. The 220 ton per day (tpd) (Ibri, Oman) and 150 tpd (Buraimi, Oman) systems will treat municipal solid waste from the governorates of Al Dhahirah and Al Buraimi in northwest Oman. Both systems will startup in 2017.

In 2016 French company Veolia and partner Al Ramooz were awarded a seven-year waste management contract tendered by Oman Environmental Services Holding Company (Be’ah).

The contract includes the collection, transportation, and landfilling for 250,000 residents. To fulfill this contract, Al Ramooz National LLC takes charge of collection, material processing, and recovery. To maximize recovery and product quality, Al Ramooz National LLC selected BHS’s patented MSW process, combining screen, air, and optical separation technologies to capture recyclable commodities and to produce fuel.

“These two systems are an investment in the long-term sustainability of Oman,” said Al Ramooz chairman Ali Saleh Al Sahib. “BHS offered the most advanced and complete system to help us reach our goals, and we are especially excited to bring such a high level of technology to our process. We were able to collaborate on creative

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●● waste watch layouts to immediately maximize our recovery and value from the waste stream while simultaneously building in the flexibility to expand our processing capabilities in the future.”

“With these advanced systems Al Ramooz has demonstrated environmental leadership and a commitment to material diversion from landfill in Oman,” said BHS CEO Steve Miller. “Their leadership team was very transparent that the goal here is to recover recyclable commodities first and foremost and the technology is in place to do just that.” Featured is the BHS Metering Bin Liberator Class to open bags and provide the system a steady flow of material. BHS Tri-Disc™ screens extract organics and separate containers from fiber while Nihot Single Drum Separators segregate dry recyclables from bulkier items, such as wood and rock. NRT’s In-Flight Sorting® optical technology targets PET, HDPE, PP, and PVC. Cardboard, mixed paper, ferrous metals and aluminum are also recovered.

For more information, case studies, and specifications, please visit bulkhandlingsystems.com. ●●

New book details 30 years of Biffa growth and success Biffa Waste Services first came into existence in 1912 when the company was called Richard Biffa Ltd, writes Timothy Byrne, author of A Pictorial History of Biffa Waste Services dry and liquid waste collection vehicles.

The book reviews some of the most interesting eras in the development of the UK private sector waste management industry, in terms of vehicle and equipment innovation.

Richard

Biffa

Junior

joined

the

business in the late 1950s, and then in the 1960s introduced the use of skip loader vehicles for the collection of commercial and industrial waste.

The business grew from then, and in 1971 Biffa was acquired by British Electric Traction (BET) and became known as Biffa Waste Services. Biffa became a national waste management company, springing from roots in High Wycombe and London, to having dry and liquid waste service centres.

The ownership of Biffa by British Electric Tractions (BET), the development of Biffa’s Belgian subsidiary, and later on the acquisition of Biffa by Severn Trent Water PLC are also covered. It shows how Biffa became the UK’s leading waste management company, providing sustainable waste management solutions for both its commercial and public sector clients.

“I felt it was important to write a book covering Biffa’s developments during this period, to respect the people involved in Biffa Waste Services through this era of the company’s development,” says Byrne. “I also felt it was important to map the developments Biffa made over this era, for both the present and future generations of waste managers to refer to as a point of reference.”

Biffa Waste Services retained its head office at High Wycombe, as well as a dry and liquid waste service centre at High Wycombe. It then successfully developed a national network of controlled landfill sites, waste transfer stations, and hazardous waste treatment facilities.

A Pictorial History of Biffa Waste Services dry and liquid waste collection vehicles by Timothy Byrne is available direct from the author.

For more information, please contact garbage32@hotmail.co.uk. ●●

Richard Biffa Junior was also one of the founding members of the National Association of Waste Disposal Contractors (NAWDC), when the organization was set up in the late 1960s to maintain high quality standards in the waste industry, and to comply with pieces of legislation such as the Control of Poisonous Substances Act 1972 and the Control of Pollution Act 1974.

Timothy Byrne has been interested in waste transportation vehicles ever since he was four years old. He remembers all the national and regional waste management companies that existed from the late 70s to the year 2000.

Some of the waste management companies which Biffa Waste Services acquired over the late 1970s to the 2000s were also members of NAWDC. “My book covers the development of Biffa’s fleet of dry and liquid waste collection vehicles from the late 1970s to the 2000s,” says Byrne. “It contains the key acquisitions made by Biffa of UK waste management companies.

About the Author

He has an extensive collection of photographs and slides, illustrating dry and liquid waste collection vehicles, operated by companies including Biffa.

Bryne has a degree in Wastes Management from the University of Northampton, is a Chartered Waste Manager (MCIWM) through the Chartered Institution of Wastes Management, and is International Waste Manager certified by the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA).

He has worked in a variety of roles in the industry for many years, and currently works as an International Waste Management consultant.

His new book has been supported by Sid Sadique, chairman of NRG Fleet Services Ltd, a leading fleet management specialist in the UK.

solidwastemag.com » October / Novemberr 2016 » 37

●● advertiser index Developing the Renewable Natural Gas Market in Ontario

Continued from page 28

the necessary infrastructure to switch to cleaner renewable fuel sources.

As part of the CCAP initiatives, MOECC is in the process of drafting a renewable natural gas content requirement regulation; MOE is issuing a technical fuels paper; and, OMAFRA is developing the framework of its pilot program. MOECC’s Resource Recovery Management Branch is also

Worldwide Extraction of Materials Triples in Four Decades, Intensifying Climate Change and Air Pollution Continued from page 29

and environmental costs of resource extraction and use while reducing the consumption of materials. The extra funds generated could then be invested in R&D in resource intensive sectors of the economy.

Looking to the future, the IRP warns that low-income countries will require increasing quantities of materials to achieve the same level of development experienced by high-income countries.

This expanding demand for materials

working on the Waste Free Ontario Act. Once the strategy for the Waste Free Ontario Act is finalized, consultation on an Organic Action Plan will begin.

CBA is directly engaged and closely monitoring all these developments to ensure that government develops effective policy and programs that encourage the growth of the RNG industry.

There has never been a better time to embrace RNG and develop conditions where carbon sources are available, valued and optimized for energy and resource recovery. will possibly contribute to local conflicts like those seen in areas where mining competes with agriculture and urban development. ●●

Manitoba’s New Stewardship Plans Continued from page 31

Paper and Packaging

Multi-Material Stewardship Manitoba Inc. was formed by representatives of obligated stewards to develop, implement, and operate a diversion program for designated packaging and printed paper in the Province of Manitoba on behalf of its members.

The Packaging and Printed Paper

Visit www.biogasassociation.ca more information. ●●

for

The Canadian Biogas Association is the collective voice of Canada’s biogas sector, developing the biogas industry to its fullest potential through capturing and processing organic materials to maximize the utility and value inherent within that material. Our members span the entire value chain of the sector and consist of farmers, municipalities, and private sector owners and operators of biogas systems, technology suppliers and consultants, financial and learning institutions, utilities, and waste industry and organic residual generators.

Regulation was enacted in December 2008 under the Waste Reduction and Prevention Act and established requirements for a stewardship program for packaging made from paper, plastic, metal, or glass, and paper supplied for use in the Province of Manitoba.

The Packaging and Printed Paper Program Plan was developed in response to the Regulation and was approved by the Minister of Conservation in September 2009 for a five-year term. In October 2010, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed with the Canadian Beverage Container Recycling Association, which transferred responsibility for the beverage container recovery target. ●●

Advertiser Index Company

Phone

2cg Waste Management Consulting Inc.

519.645.7733 www.2cg.ca

27

Balcon Inc.

877.755.0311

www.balconinc.com

23

Bulk Handling Systems

866.688.2066

www.bulkhandlingsystems.com

11

CW Mill Equipment

800.743.3491 www.hogzilla.com

Freightliner

800.FTL.HELP

www.freightlinertrucks.com/worksmart 21

Mack Trucks

800.866.1177

www.macktrucks.com

Paradigm Software, LLC

410.329.1300 www.paradigmsoftware.com

32

Peterbilt

416.523.4497

www.peterbilt.com

24

Petro-Canada

800.668.0220

www.duronthetougherthebetter.com

9

Progressive Waste

855.242.9558

www.progressivewaste.com

OBC

Shred-Tech

800.465.3214

www.shred-tech.com

26

Van Dyk Recycling Solutions

203.967.1100

www.vdrs.com

IFC

38 » Solid Waste & Recycling

Website

Page

7 5

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it’s simple.

19,200 TOTAL AUDIENCE

+

enough said.

What makes us progressive?

CNG Vehicles

Homes, Cities, Businesses

CNG Vehicles

We are committed to our growing fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG) powered vehicles in many of our markets. About 30% of the fleet is powered by CNG.

We don’t just talk about the circular economy...

We’re helping to build it.

The new facility at our Lachenaie landfill in Quebec is converting landfill gas to pipeline-grade natural gas, the same type of gas that fuels our CNG trucks.

Material Recovery Facility

We have diverted millions of tons of material from landfill.

Gas-to-Energy Plant

Our landfills are recognized in our industry as being bestin-class facilities.

Who We Are Progressive Waste Solutions is one of Canada’s largest full-service, vertically integrated waste management companies, providing nonhazardous solid waste collection, recycling and landfill disposal services to commercial, industrial, municipal and residential customers. In 2016, we merged with Waste Connections, Inc., becoming the third largest solid waste management company in North America with a network of operations in 39 states, six provinces and the District of Columbia.

For more information, visit: www.progressivewaste.com

A subsidiary of Waste Connections, Inc.

Transfer Station

Landfill