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Samuel Beckett.………………….…….. 3 Robert Boyle…………………….……… 5 Pierce Brosnan………………….……… 7 Michael Collins…………………………. 10 Cu Chulainn………………………….…. 12 Enya……………………………………... 13 Colin Farrell………………………….….. 15 Bob Geldorf………………………….….. 16 Richard Harris……………………….….. 19 John Joly………………………….……... 21 James Joyce……………………….……. 22 Robbie Keane…………………………... 23 Clive Staple Lewis……………………… 24 Thomas Moore…………………….……. 28 Liam Neeson……………………………. 30 Hugh O’Flaherty………………………… 32 Maureen O’Hara………………………… 33 Peter O’Toole……………………….…… 35 Mary Robinson………………….……….. 36 Tony Ryan……………………….………. 37 Saint Brendan…………………………… 39 George Bernard Shaw………….………. 41 Bram Stoker……………………….…….. 43 Jonathan Swift………………….……….. 45 The Corrs……………………….……….. 47 William Thomson……………...………….49 U2……………………………….………… 50 Duke of Weillington………….………….. 52 Oscar Wilde………………………..…….. 54 W. B. Yeats……………………….……… 56
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Samuel Beckett was born on Good Friday, April 13, 1906, near Dublin, Ireland. Raised in a middle class, Protestant home, the son of a quantity surveyor and a nurse, he was sent off at the age of 14 to attend the same school which Oscar Wilde had attended. Looking back on his childhood, he once remarked, "I had little talent for happiness." Beckett was consistent in his loneliness. The unhappy boy soon grew into an unhappy young man, often so depressed that he stayed in bed until mid afternoon. He was difficult to engage in any lengthy conversation--it took hours and lots of drinks to warm him up--but the women could not resist him. The lonely young poet, however, would not allow anyone to penetrate his solitude. He once remarked, after rejecting advances from James Joyce's daughter, that he was dead and had no feelings that were human. During World War II, Beckett stayed in Paris. Beckett was the first of the absurdists to win international fame. His works have been translated into over twenty languages. In 1969 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He continued to write until his death in 1989, but the task grew more and more difficult with each work until, in the end, he said that each word seemed to him "an unnecessary stain on silence and nothingness."
More information: http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc7.htm
Selected works: 3
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OUR EXAGMINATION ROUND HIS FACTIFICATION FOR INCAMINATION OF WORK IN PROGRESS, 1929 WHOHOSCOPE, 1930 PROUST, 1931 MORE PRICKS THAN KICKS, 1934 ECHO'S BONES, 1935 MURPHY, 1938 MOLLOY, 1951 MALONE MEURT, 1951 L'INNOMMABLE, 1953 EN ATTENDANT GODOT, 1952 WATT, 1953 NOUVELLES ET TEXTES POUR RIEN, 1955 FIN DE PARTIE, 1957 THE UNNAMEABLE, 1958 FROM AN ABANDONED WORK, 1958 BRAM VAN VELDE, 1958 ACTE SANS PAROLES, 1958 KRAPP'S LAST TAPE, 1959 ALL THAT FALL, 1959 HAPPY DAYS, 1961 COMMENT C'EST, 1961 WORDS AND MUSIC, 1962 ACTE SANS PAROLES II, 1963 CASCANDO, 1963 PLAY, 1964 IMAGINATION MORTE IMAGINEZ, 1965 ASSEZ, 1966 BING, 1966 FILM, 1967 VA ET VIENT, 1967 - Come and Go
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NO KNIFE, 1967 EH JOE, 1967 L'ISSUE, 1968 SANS, 1968 BREATH, 1970 PREMIER AMOUR, 1970 - Ensi rakkaus (suom. Ulla-Kaarina Jokinen, Seppo Polameri) SÉJOUR, 1970 LE DÉPEUPLER, 1971 BREATH AND OTHER SHORT PLAYS, 1972
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ABANDONNE, 1972 THE NORTH, 1972 NOR I, 1973 STILL, 1974 MERCIER ET CAMIER, 1974 Mercier ja Camier (suom. Tarja Roinila) ALL STRANGE AWAY, 1976 GHOST TRIO, 1976 THAT TIME, 1976 ROUGH FOR THEATRE I, 1976 ROUGH FOR RADIO I, 1976 ROUGH FOR RADIO II, 1976 FOR TO WEND YET AGAIN AND OTHER FIZZLES, 1976 FOUR NOVELLAS, 1977 ... BUT THE CLOUDS..., 1977 MIRLITONNADES, 1978 COMPANY, 1979 ALL STRANGE AWAY, 1979 NOHOW ON, 1981 ROCKABY, 1982 OHIO IMPROMPTU, 1982 A PIECE OF MONOLOGUE, 1982 MAL VU MAL DIT, 1982 - ILL SEEN ILL SAID WORSTWARD HO, 1983 WHAT WHERE, 1983 NACHT UND TRÄUME, 1983 THE COLLECTER SHORTER PLAYS OF SAMUEL BECKETT, 1984 QUAD, 1984 CATASTROPHE, 1984 COMPLETE DRAMATIC WORKS, 1986 HOMMAGE À JACK B. YEATS, 1988 TELEPLAYS, 1988 LE MONDE ET LE PANTALON, 1989 STIRRING STILL, 1989 DREAM OF FAIR TO MIDDLING WOMEN, 1992 SAMUEL BECKETT: THE COMPLETE SHORT PROSE, 1929-1989, 1995 NOHOW ON: THREE NOVELS, 199
Robert Boyle was born in 1627 in Lismore Castle, in County Waterford, Ireland, as the seventh son and fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork. He was only eight and three quarters years old when, following the death of his mother, he was sent to Eton College in England, of which his father's friend, Sir Henry Wotton, was then provost. After spending over three years at the college, he went to travel abroad with a French tutor. Nearly two years were passed in Geneva. In 1641 Boyle learnt Italian in preparation for visiting there. In September of that year Boyle and his tutor were in Venice, then by the beginning of 1642 they were in Florence. Boyle returned to England from the Continent in mid 1644 with a keen interest in science. His father had died the previous year and had left him the manor of Stalbridge in Dorset, together with some estates in Ireland. From that time, he devoted his life to scientific research, and soon took a prominent place in the band of inquirers, known as the Invisible College or Oxford who devoted themselves to the cultivation of the "new philosophy". In 1663 the Invisible College became the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, and the charter of incorporation granted by Charles II of England, named Boyle a member of the council. In 1680 he was elected president of the society, but declined the honour from a scruple about oaths. In 1668 he left Oxford for London where he resided at the house of his sister, Lady Ranelagh, in Pall Mall. In 1689 his health, never very strong, began to fail seriously and he gradually withdrew from his public engagements, ceasing his communications to the Royal Society. His health became still worse in 1691, and his death occurred on December 30 of that year, just a week after that of the sister with whom he had lived for more than twenty years. He was buried in the churchyard of St Martin's in the Fields, his funeral sermon being preached by his friend Bishop Burnet. In his will, Boyle endowed a series of Lectures which came to be known as the Boyle Lectures.
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Important works 1660 - New Experiments Physical-Mechanical: Touching the Spring of the Air and their Effects 1663 - Considerations touching the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy (followed by a second part in 1671) 1663 - Experiments and Considerations upon Colours, with Observations on a Diamond that Shines in the Dark 1665 - New Experiments and Observations upon Cold 1666 - Hydrostatical Paradoxes 1666 - Origin of Forms and Qualities according to the Corpuscular Philosophy 1669 - A continuation of his work on the spring of air 1670 - Tracts about the Cosmical Qualities of Things, the Temperature of the Subterraneal and Submarine Regions, the Bottom of the Sea, &c. with an Introduction to the History of Particular Qualities 1672 - Origin and Virtues of Gems 1673 - Essays of the Strange Subtilty, Great Efficacy, Determinate Nature of Effluviums 1674 - Two volumes of tracts on the Saltiness of the Sea, the Hidden Qualities of the Air, Cold, Celestial Magnets, Animadversions on Hobbes's Problemata de Vacuo 1676 - Experiments and Notes about the Mechanical Origin or Production of Particular Qualities, including some notes on electricity and magnetism 1680 - The Aerial Noctiluca 1682 - New Experiments and Observations upon the Icy Noctiluca 1682 – A further continuation of his work on the air 1684 - Memoirs for the Natural History of the Human Blood 1685 - Short Memoirs for the Natural Experimental History of Mineral waters.
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Pierce Brendan Brosnan (born May 16, 1953) is an Irish-American actor, film producer and environmentalist. After leaving school at 16, Brosnan desired to be an artist and began training in commercial illustration at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, but later attended drama school in London for three years. Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele. Brosnan portrayed the fictional secret agent James Bond in GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day. He also provided his voice and likeness to James Bond in the 2004 video game James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing. Since leaving the role, he has starred in films such as Evelyn and Seraphim Falls. In 1996, he also formed, along with Beau St. Clair, a Los Angeles-based production company named Irish DreamTime. He was married to Cassandra Harris until her death, and is now married to Keely Shaye Smith. He became a naturalized United States citizen in 2004. In his later years, he has also been known for his charitable endeavours. His current projects are Mamma Mia!, The Thomas Crown Affair 2,
Caitlin and The Big Biazarro. His 1st wife, Australian actress Cassandra Harris (died 1991), was a "Bond girl", portraying Countess Lisl in For Your Eyes Only. She was previously married to Dermot Harris, brother of the actor Richard Harris. There is a whale watching station dedicated to 7
her in Malibu Bluffs Park (California). He has 3 children with Cassandra -- Sean (born 1983) and stepchildren Charlotte (born 1971) and Christopher (born 1972) -- and 2 sons, Dylan Thomas (born 1997) and Paris Beckett (born 2001), with his 2nd wife, former TV correspondent/soap actress Keely Shaye Smith, whom he married in August 2001. He has two grandchildren, Charlotte's daughter Isabelle Sophie (born 1998) and son Lucas (born 2005).
Filmography Year
Title
Role
1980
The Long Good Friday
1st Irishman
The Mirror Crack'd
Actor playing 'Jamie'
1986
Nomads
Jean Charles Pommier
1987
Taffin
Mark Taffin
The Fourth Protocol
Valeri Petrofsky/James Edward Ross
The Deceivers
William Savage
Noble House
Ian Dunross
1989
Around the World in 80 Days
Phileas Fogg
1990
Mister Johnson
Harry Rudbeck
1992
The Lawnmower Man
Dr. Lawrence Angelo
Live Wire
Danny O'Neill
Mrs. Doubtfire
Stuart Dunmeyer
Death Train
Michael 'Mike' Graham
Love Affair
Ken Allen
1995
1988
1993
1994
1996
Night Watch
Michael 'Mike' Graham
GoldenEye
James Bond
Mars Attacks!
Professor Donald Kessler
The Mirror Has Two Faces 1997
1998
1999
Alex
Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe Tomorrow Never Dies
James Bond
Dante's Peak
Harry Dalton
Quest for Camelot
King Arthur
The Nephew
Joe Brady
Grey Owl
Archibald "Grey Owl" Belaney
The World Is Not Enough
James Bond
The Thomas Crown Affair Thomas Crown
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2001
The Tailor of Panama
Andrew Osnard
2002
Die Another Day
James Bond
Evelyn
Desmond Doyle
2004
After the Sunset
Max Burdett
Laws of Attraction
Daniel Rafferty
2005
The Matador
Julian Noble
2007
Seraphim Falls
Gideon
Butterfly on a Wheel
Tom Ryan
Married Life
Richard Langley
The Thomas Crown 2008 Affair 2 Thomas Crown
2009
LINKS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierce_Brosnan http://klast.net/bond/pb_bio.html
TRAILERS http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=FKx_14vJNZg&feature=related http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=8COXJSYpuMg&feature=related http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=a04PKhxY_4E http://youtube.com/watch?v=YGOpwMNRL78
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Mamma Mia!
Sam Carmichael
Caitlin
John Malcolm Brinnin
The Big Biazarro
Ace White
Michael Collins was an Irish revolutionary leader and politician who was also actively involved in the fight for independence, and who led the pro-Treaty forces against the anti-Treaty IRA under Éamon de Valera. Collins was arrested for his part in the 1916 Easter Rising. He became a respected member of the Sinn Féin party while in prison, and in 1919, after his release, he was made the Minister of Finance for the Aireacht1, and he took over the day-to-day running of the government when de Valera went to America in search of international recognition and financial support for the newly declared Irish Republic. Collins offered another fledgling nation – Russia – financial support in the form of a 'National Loan', in return for official support and the Russian Crown Jewels as collateral.
Irish War of Independence The Irish War of Independence, also called the Anglo-Irish War, lasted from January 1919 to July 1921. Michael Collins was the Director of Intelligence of the former Volunteers, now officially called Óglaigh na hÉireann2, and unofficially the Irish Republican Army. He organised guerrilla tactics against the British forces.
Anglo-Irish Treaty After the Anglo-Irish War, the president of the Dáil Éireann 3, Éamon de Valera, sent Michael Collins as the head of the treaty delegation to Britain, the members of which had the power of plenipotentiaries, although unofficially they had been expected to refer with de Valera before signing any treaty. The British Prime Minister, Lloyd George, issued Collins an ultimatum, and to avoid war, as Collins knew the IRA did not have enough ammunition to continue fighting a war against Britain, the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 6 December without de Valera's knowledge or permission. The Irish Free State was formed, as a Dominion of
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Britain, with executive authority ultimately vested in the King, but exercised by the Dåil Éireann 4. Michael Collins argued the Treaty gave Ireland 'the freedom to achieve freedom'.
Provisional Government Collins became the Prime Minister of Ireland. The IRA also split, with those who supported Collins 5 forming the nucleus of the new National Army, and those who opposed the treaty becoming the anti-Treaty IRA or the 'irregulars'.
Irish Civil War The irregulars took control of the Four Courts Building in Dublin, and Michael Collins, threatened with British invasion and occupation, reluctantly started shelling the Four Courts building on 28 June, 1922. Seven hundred years of historical documents were lost in the ensuing battle, and the civil war was begun.
Legacy Michael Collins died in an ambush on 22 August, 1922 at the age of 31. He left a legacy as an idealistic young man who inspired and led a nation to independence. He was immortalised in the film Michael Collins starring Liam Neeson.
http://michaelcollins.warnerbros.com/cmp/biography.html
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Cu Chulainn is one of the most famous and beloved Irish heroes. Although originally named Setanta, which means "small one," his name was changed because of his unparalleled strength and courage in both life and battle. Son of the sun god, Lugh and the daughter of the great druid Cathbad, Dechtire, the young hero grew up to be a healthy, happy, handsome young man. Although, it was predicted that he wouldn't live long and would remain small of stature and weak, nothing could be further from the truth. The young man proved early on his value, his integrity, and his bravery. When he killed the mad dog of a local smithy at the age of seven, he volunteered to take the dog's place and protect the man's property until a suitable replacement could be located. Cuchulainn received military training, in spite of the fact that everyone laughed at him when he expressed his desire. Because he wasn't the typical muscular soldier that his people were used to, they feared he would not be able to succeed in that job. In order to prove them wrong, Cuchulainn went to learn his skills from Scathach, a famous Irish female warrior. The match proved good for both Cuchulainn and Scathach. She came to love the scrappy young man who wouldn't give up, no matter the cost. Before unleashing her protĂŠgĂŠ onto the world, Scathach gifted him with and enchanted javelin. It is said that the magic of the javelin gave the hero extraordinary powers; transforming him into a killing machine with a battle cry that drove his enemies insane. In his altered state, it is said that Cuchulainn could not tell his friends from his enemies nor could he be easily controlled. In fact, the only way to calm him was to throw him into water. Only then did his blood cool and his countenance return to the serene, handsome hero that the Irish people knew and loved. More information:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAchulainn
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Enya Biography:
Eithne Patricia Ní Bhraonáin known as Enya - was born in 1961, 17 May, and spent her childhood in Gweedore .There are nine brothers and sisters. Enya has four brothers and four sisters, several of whom formed the band An Clann As Dobhar in 1968. She is an Irish singer and songwriter. In 1980, Enya worked with Clannad, the band composed of her siblings Máire (Moya), Pól, and Ciarán and twin uncles Noel and Padraig Duggan. She followed with another hit album, Shepherd Moons, which sold ten million copies and earned Enya her first Grammy Award. In
1992,
a
re-mastered
version of the Enya album was released as The Celts including a longer, modified version of "Portrait", which was re-named as "Portrait (Out of the Blue)". Four years after Shepherd
Moons, she released the Grammy-winning The Memory of Trees (1995). Singles released from the album were "Anywhere Is" and "On My Way Home". In November of 2005, a new album, entitled Amarantine, was released. It won the Grammy Award for Best New Age Album for 2007, Enya's fourth. In 2006, Enya released several Christmas-themed CDs with newly recorded material. On October 10, 2006, Sounds
of the Season was released containing six songs Enya was awarded the World's Best-Selling Irish Act award at the World Music Awards in London on 19 November 2006
Albums 13
Enya (1987) 1m sales. Watermark (1988) 10m sales. Shepherd Moons (1991) 11m sales. The Celts (1992) 6.7m sales. The Memory of Trees (1995) 9.8m s Paint the Sky with Stars (1997) 8.5m sales. A Day Without Rain (2000) 15m sales. Amarantine US6 (2005) 6.2m sales
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Websites: •
www.enya.com
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enya
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http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0258216/
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http://www2.netdoor.com/~jallison/enya/
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http://members.aol.com/karina255/enya/
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http://www.angelfire.com/ny5/davesworld56/EnyaMidis.html
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A native of Dublin, Ireland, Colin Farrell began turning heads in Hollywood when he starred in Joel Schumacher's Tigerland (2000), the story of American soldiers taken to the backwoods of Louisiana in 1971 to play war games in preparation for their first tour of duty in Vietnam. He garnered a Best Actor Award from the Boston Society of Film Critics for his portrayal of Bozz, a roughneck Texan recruit who helps his boot-camp buddies avoid Vietnam combat. Farrell also starred alongside Kevin Spacey in Thaddeus O'Sullivan's Dublin gangster movie Ordinary Decent Criminal (2000). It was Spacey who suggested him for the part after catching Farrell's riveting performance in the play "In a Little World of Our Own" at the Donmar Warehouse in London. Born on May 31, 1976, Farrell studied acting at the Gaiety School of Drama in Dublin and had established himself as a recognizable talent back home with a starring role in the BBC series "Ballykissangel" (1996) and Deirdre Purcell's miniseries Falling for a Dancer (1998) (TV), in addition to a featured role in Tim Roth's directorial debut, The War Zone (1999). After "Tigerland", Farrell took on the role of Jesse James in American Outlaws (2001). Farrell then had a starring role in Phone Booth (2002), reuniting him with director Schumacher. He also co-starred with Bruce Willis in Hart's War (2002), which was shot on location in Prague, Czech Republic. Along the way Farrell has managed to work with legendary directors such as Steven Spielberg in Minority Report (2002). All this has happened for Colin by the age of 25, making him one of Hollywood's A-list young actors. Farrell had a number of small parts in various TV shows and movies, until 2000, when he was cast in the lead role of Private Roland Bozz in Tigerland, an American film directed by Joel Schumacher. Farrell's next American films, American Outlaws (2001) and Hart's War (2002), were not commercially successful, but his 2003 films, including Phone Booth, S.W.A.T. and The Recruit were well-received box office successes. 15
Personal life Bob Geldof was born 5 October 1951 in DĂşn Laoghaire, Dublin, in the Republic of Ireland.His father, Robert, was the son of a Belgian immigrant. At the age of 41 Geldof's mother, Evelyn died having suffered a hemorrhage. He also has two older sisters, Lynn and Cleo. Geldof was study in Blackrock College, near Dublin. Geldof's wife was Paula Yates. Yates was a rock journalist, presenter of the cutting-edge music show The Tube, and most notorious for her in-bed interviews on the show The Big Breakfast. Geldof met Paula when she became an obsessed fan of the Boomtown Rats during the band's early days. They got together as a couple in 1976 when Yates travelled by aero plane to Paris, to surprise him when the band was playing there. Before they married, the couple had a daughter, Fifi Trixibelle Geldof, born March 31, 1983. After 10 years together, Bob and Paula married in June 1986 in Las Vegas with Simon Le Bon (of Duran Duran) acting as Geldof's best man. The couple later had two more daughters, Peaches on 1989, and Pixie on 1990. In 1994, Yates left Geldof for Michael Hutchence. Geldof and Yates divorced in May 1996 and Yates moved in with Hutchence. Geldof went to court and obtained full custody of his three 16
daughters and has since become an outspoken advocate of fathers' rights. After Paula Yates's death from an overdose in 2000, Geldof became the legal guardian of Tiger Lily Hutchence, believing it best that she be raised with her three half-sisters. Geldof lives in the Davington area of Faversham in Kent with his French actress girlfriend Jeanne Marine.
Career Bob Geldof was the leader of the Boomtown Rats, an Irish "new wave" band of the 1970s and '80s. The group was started in 1977. They had a string of hits in the United Kingdom and broke through to international popularity with the 1979 single "I Don't Like Mondays."All six members were originally from Dún Laoghaire, Republic of Ireland. They realized 6 albums in 9 years. In 1984 the career of the Boomtown Rats was over. They never became a legendary band, but for a time in the late seventies, they were the biggest band in England. Discography with the Boomtown Rats: •
The Boomtown Rats (1977)
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A Tonic For the Troops (1978)
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The Fine Art of Surfacing (1979)
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Mondo Bongo (1981)
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V Deep (1982)
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In the Long Grass (1984)
Geldof left the Boomtown Rats in 1984, to launch a solo career and release his autobiography, which was a best-seller. His first solo records sold reasonably well and spawned the hit singles "Love or Something" (co-written with Dave Stewart of Eurythmics) and "The Great Song of Indifference". He also occasionally performed with other artists, such as Thin Lizzy and David Gilmour of Pink Floyd. A performance of "Comfortably Numb" with David Gilmour is documented in the 2002 DVD David Gilmour in Concert. Geldof has also worked as a DJ for XFM radio. In 1998, he erroneously announced Ian Dury's death from cancer, possibly due to hoax information from a listener who was disgruntled at the station's change of ownership. The event caused music paper NME to call Geldof 'the world's worst DJ'. Along with U2's Bono, he has devoted much time since 2000 to campaigning for debt relief for developing countries. His commitments in this field, including the organisation of the Live 8 concerts, kept Geldof from producing any more musical output since 2001's "Sex, Age & Death" album.
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After Live 8, Geldof returned to his career as a musician by releasing a box set containing all of his solo albums entitled "Great Songs of Indifference - The Anthology 1986 - 2001" in late 2005. Then, he intent play concerts, but he doesn't sold more tickets and he doesn't play concerts. Geldof played the central character Pink in the film of Pink Floyd's The Wall, and made a cameo appearance as himself in the Spice Girls' pop music satire Spiceworld. He appeared in Mick Jagger's 2001 documentary, Being Mick, also as himself. He also starred in the 2007 short film 'I am Bob' in which he loses a look-a-like contest (even after singing the Boomtown Rats' hit I Don't Like Mondays.) Discography when he was solo •
Deep In The Heart Of Nowhere (November 1986 )
•
Vegetarians Of Love (13 August 1990)
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The Happy Club (20 April 1993)
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Sex, Age & Death (1 May 2002)
Charity concerts In the fall of 1984, Geldof watched a BBC documentary on Ethiopian poverty and was inspired to organizing 40 British pop musicians. He contacted music personalities from the U.K. and the U.S. to make a recording, "Do They Know It's Christmas," under the name Band Aid; the goal (80 million dollars) in benefits were sent to Ethiopia, for victims of starvation in Africa. In 1985, he organized two enormous Live Aid concerts, again featuring some of the most popular acts in modern pop music, and donated the proceeds to charity. Geldof was given an honorary knighthood in 1986 and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. For the rest of the decade, Geldof continued his fight against world hunger, specifically African famine. He joined Wyclef Jean, Bono and others such as Bryan Ferry, Jimmy Page, Stereophonics and Sean "Puffy" Combs for NetAid in October 1999. Three stadium concerts, which took place in New York, London, and Geneva, were simulcasted live on the Internet, radio, and television, staging a multimedia event that aimed to help end world poverty. In the new millennium, Geldof returned to music for 2002's Sex, Age and Death. In 2005 he helped organized another day of mega-concerts, called Live 8, urging leaders of the G8 nations to forgive African debt and increase aid to the continent. Live 8, with concerts in 10 cities around the world, was held on 2 July 2005. 18
Born: 1 October 1930 Where: Limerick, Ireland Awards: 2 Oscar, 1 BAFTA, 1 Emmy Nominations, Won 1 Golden Globe Died: 25 October 2002
Early life and career The fifth of eight children was born in Limerick City, Ireland, the son of Ivan and Mildred (nĂŠe Harty) Harris, who owned a flour mill. He was schooled by the Jesuits at Crescent College. A talented rugby player, he was on several Munster Junior and Senior Cup teams for Crescent, and played for the well-respected Garryowen Football Club. He might have become a provincial or international-standard rugby player, but his athletic career was cut short when he contracted tuberculosis in his teens. He remained an ardent fan of Munster provincial rugby team until his death, attending many matches, and there are numerous stories of japes at rugby matches with fellow actors and rugby fans Peter O'Toole and Richard Burton. After recovering from the disease he moved to London, wanting to become a director. He could not find any suitable courses and enrolled in the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art 19
(LAMDA) to learn acting. While still a student, Harris rented the tiny "off-West End" Irving Theatre, and directed his own production of the Clifford Odets play Winter Journey (The Country Girl). The show was a critical success, but a financial failure, and Harris lost all his savings on the venture. As a result, he ended up temporarily homeless, sleeping in a coal cellar for six weeks. After completing his studies at the Academy, Harris joined Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop. He began getting roles in West End theatre productions, starting with The Quare Fellow in 1956, a transfer from the Theatre Workshop. For the last seven years of his life he stayed at Hotel du Vin in Tunbridge Wells. When he was taken out of the hotel to the ambulance, before he died, he remarked to some American Tourists “It was the food that did it for me".
Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Harris Tiscali
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John Joly (November 1, 1857 – December 8, 1933) was an Irish scientist, possibly most famous for his development of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. He is also known for developing techniques to accurately estimate the age of a geological period, based on radioactive elements present in minerals. Joly was born in Holywood House, Bracknagh, County Offaly, Ireland. He entered Trinity College, Dublin, to become a graduate in engineering in 1882 and later become Professor of Geology there. In his career he wrote over 270 books and scientific papers. In 1884 he patented a method of colour photography. He died in Dublin, Ireland.
Work: Joly's major geological work was in the field of geochronology. He first tried to estimate the age of the Earth by using Edmond Halley's method of measuring the degree of salinity of the oceans, and then by examining the radioactive decay in rocks. In 1898 he assigned an age of 80–90 million years to the Earth, later revising this figure to 100 million years. He published Radioactivity and Geology in 1909 in which he demonstrated that the rate of radioactive decay has been more or less constant through time. Joly also carried out important work on radium extraction (1914) and pioneered its use for the treatment of cancer. His inventions in physics included a constant-volume gas thermometer, a photometer, and a differential steam calorimeter for measuring the specific heat capacity of gases at constant volume.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Joly
http://www.answers.com/topic/john-joly?cat=technology
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James Joyce was an Irish writer and he was considered one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, on 2nd of February 1882. His father was John Stanislaus Joyce and he worked in politic and tax collection. His mother was Mary Jane Murray, she was ten years younger than her husband and she was a pianist. When James Joyce was six years, he entered in Jesuits at Clongowes Wood College. Five years later he entered at Belvedere College in Dublin. In 1898 he entered at University College. He began writing lyric poems and his first publication was “When We Dead Awaken” in 1900. After his graduation in 1902 he went to Paris, where he worked as a journalist, teacher and other jobs. He returned to Ireland on 1903 when his mother was dead. On 1909 he opened a cinema in Dublin but this affair failed. Then he worked a teacher, journalist and lecturer. On 1914 he published “Dubliners”, on 1016 he published “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man”. On 1922 he published “Ulysses”, it was his best novel, and 1939 he published “Finnegan’s Wake”. This are some of his novels. James Joyce was married in 1931 with Nora Barnacle and he continued writing. They had two son. He traveled a Zürich, where he died on th
13 of January, 1941. Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce http://www.online-literature.com/james_joyce http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/jjoyce.htm http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/authors/about_james_joyce.html 22
ROBBIE KEANE
Republic of Ireland's record goalscorer, having eclipsed Niall Quinn's 21 international strikes with a penalty in a World Cup qualifier against Faroe Islands in October 2004. He was made captain by new manager Steve Staunton at the end of February 2006 and marked the occasion of his first game as skipper in the 3-0 win over Sweden at Lansdowne Road. His impressive goalscoring exploits at Wolverhampton Wanderers persuaded Coventry City to part with ÂŁ6million for his services in 1999 before Inter Milan signed him one season later in a ÂŁ13million deal. However, limited opportunities saw his spell in Italy last just six months, with Leeds signing the livewire striker on loan in December 2000, making the switch permanent at the end of that season. A 1998 UEFA Under-18 Championship winner with Ireland, he was joint-top goalscorer in his first season with 13 strikes before topping the Club's goalscoring charts outright the following year with 16. He bettered that with 17 goals in a successful 2004-05 campaign where he also broke that Irish record. However, his season ended in pain when he was forced off - after scoring - in the World Cup qualifier against Israel in June 2005. Robbie enjoyed a fine season in 2005-06 and it was the view of many that he played the best football of his career in the second half of the campaign, having gone through a frustrating spell in the opening months while Mido and Jermain Defoe Mosty shared the striking duties. He went on to better the tally last season, scoring a career-best 22 goals and formed a lethal partnership with Dimitar Berbatov, despite missing six weeks of the season with a knee injury. http://www.goal.com/es/Giocatore.aspx?IdPersona=2120&SEOPlayerName=Robbie+Keane http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/players/first_team/robbiekeane.html 23
Biography Lewis was an author, a scholar of English literature and a famous Christian apologist. Clive Staples Lewis was born in Belfast, Ireland, on November 29, 1898. His father was Albert James Lewis (1863 – 1929), an advocate and his mother was Flora Augusta Lewis née Hamilton (1862 – 1908).He had one older brother, Warren Hamilton Lewis (Warnie). At the age of four, shortly after his dog Jacksie was hit by a car, Lewis announced that his name was now Jacksie. Jack, the name by which he was known to friends and family for the rest of his life. At six his family moved into "Little Lea", in the Strandtown area of East Belfast. Lewis was initially schooled by private tutors before being sent to the Wynyard School in Watford, Hertfordshire, in 1908. The same year, when Jack was 10, his mother died of cancer. The school was closed. After Wynyard closed, Lewis attended Campbell College in the east of Belfast about a mile from his home, but he left after a few months due to respiratory problems. As a result of his illness, Lewis was sent to the health-resort town of Malvern, Worcestershire, where he attended the preparatory school. In September 1913 Lewis enrolled at Malvern College where he remained for one year.It was there that, at age fifteen, he became an atheist, abandoning the Christian faith of his childhood., 24
becoming interested in mythology and the occult.After leaving Malvern he moved to study privately with William T. Kirkpatrick, his father's old tutor and former headmaster of Lurgan College. As a young boy, Lewis had a fascination with anthropomorphic animals, falling in love with Beatrix Potter's stories and often writing and illustrating his own animal stories. Lewis loved to read, and as his father’s house was filled with books.He was wonderstruck by the songs and legends of what he called Northernness, the ancient literature of Scandinavia preserved in the Icelandic sagas. He was interested in Greek literature and mythology. Lewis went on to receive a scholarship to University College, Oxford, in 1916. Lewis took a hiatus from study after the outbreak of WWI, enlisting in the British Army in 1917. On May 20, 1925, Lewis was appointed Fellow and Tutor in English Literature at Oxford University, where he served for twenty-nine years until 1954. During his time at Oxford, Lewis went from being an atheist to being one of the most influential Christian writers of the 20th century. Lewis was married late in life at age fifty-eight to Joy Davidman Gresham, an American writer fifteen years his junior. They married in 1956, two years after Lewis accepted the chair of Medieval and Renaissance Literature at Cambridge, where he finished out his career. After a four-year fight with bone cancer, Joy passed away in 1960. Lewis continued to care for her two sons, Douglas and David Gresham. C. S. Lewis died at his home "The Kilns" on November 22, 1963. His grave is in the yard of Holy Trinity Church in Headington Quarry, Oxford. Warren Lewis died on Monday, April 9, 1973. Their names are on a single stone with the inscription "Men must endure their going hence."
Works He's a very famous writer. He invented stories for childrens, adults, teenagers,... C. S. Lewis gained international renown for an impressive array of beloved works both popular and scholarly: literary criticism, children's literature, fantasy literature, and books on theology. Cosmic: 1. Out of the Silent Planet (1938) 2. Perelandra (1943) 3. That Hideous Strength (1945) Chronicles of Narnia 1. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) 2. Prince Caspian (1951) 3. The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (1952) 4. The Silver Chair (1953) 5. The Horse and his Boy (1954) 6. The Magician's Nephew (1955) 7. The Last Battle (1956) 25
Novels •
A Pilgrim's Regress (1933)
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The Screwtape Letters (1942)
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The Abolition of Man (1943)
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Beyond Personality (1944)
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The Great Divorce (1945)
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Vivisection (1948)
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Till We Have Faces (1956)
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Spirits in Bondage (1919) (writing as Clive Hamilton)
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Dymer (poems) (1926) (writing as Clive Hamilton)
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Miracles (1947)
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The Four Loves (1960)
Non fiction •
Allegory of Love (1936)
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The Personal Heresy (1939) (with E M W Tillyard)
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Rehabilitations (1939)
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The Problem of Pain (1940)
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Broadcast Talks (1942)
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The Weight of Glory (1942)
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Mere Christianity (1952)
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English Literature in the Sixteenth Century (1954)
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Surprised by Joy (1955)
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Reflections On the Psalms (1958)
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Shall We Lose God in Outer Space? (1959)
Short stories •
The Adventures of Eustace (1952)
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The Dark Island [from The Voyage of the Dawn Treader] (1952)
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Ministering Angels (1955)
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The Chronicles of Narnia The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of seven fantasy novels for children and is considered a classic of children's literature. Written between 1949 and 1954 and illustrated by Pauline Baynes, the series is Lewis' most popular work having sold over 100 million copies in 41 languages. It has been adapted several times, complete or in part, for radio, television, stage, and cinema. The series has been published in several different orders, and the preferred reading order for the series is often debated among fans; though Douglas Gresham has stated that Lewis preferred that they be read in "Narnian chronology", not the order in which they were published (Drennan 1999). The books contain many allusions to Christian ideas which are easily accessible to younger readers; however, the books are not weighty, and can be read for their adventure, colour and richness of ideas alone. Because of this, they have become favourites of children and adults, Christians and non-Christians. In addition to Christian themes, Lewis also borrows characters from Greek and Roman mythology as well as traditional British and Irish fairy tales. Lewis reportedly based his depiction of Narnia on the geography and scenery of the Mourne Mountains and "that part of Rostrevor which overlooks Carlingford Lough" (Guardian Unlimited 2005). Lewis cited George MacDonald's Christian fairy tales as an influence in writing the series. The Chronicles of Narnia present the adventures of children who play central roles in the unfolding history of the fictional realm of Narnia, a place where animals talk, magic is common, and good battles evil. In the majority of the books, children from our world find themselves transported to Narnia by a magical portal. Once there, they are quickly involved in setting some wrong to right with the help of the lion Aslan, the central character of the series. Aslan is commonly considered a character resembling God by creating Narnia and always being kind, giving, and just.
Links http://www.cslewis.org/ http://www.cslewisinstitute.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._S._Lewis http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/l/c-s-lewis/ http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/l/c-s-lewis/ http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=lGEx9H7c36c Trailer Official The Chronicles Of Narnia: Prince Caspian: http://es.youtube.com/watch? v=kccPKhUcDDo Trailer The Chronicles Of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrove:http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ9t3Xs8Sgc
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Born in Aungier Street in Dublin, Ireland over his father's grocery shop, his father being from an Irish speaking Gaeltacht in Kerry and his mother, Anastasia Codd, from Wexford. He studied at Trinity College, which had recently allowed entry to Catholic students and studied law at the Middle Temple in London. It was as a poet, translator, balladeer and singer. His work soon became immensely popular, one of his works were The Harp That Once Through Tara’s Halls, Believe Me If All Those Endearing Young Charms, The Meeting of the Waters and many others. His ballads were published as Moore's Melodies in 1846 and 1852.
However, Moore was far more than a balladeer. He had major success as a society figure in London, in 1803 was appointed sign in to the Admiralty in Bermuda. From there, he travelled in Canada and U.S.. It was after this trip that he published his books, Epistles, Odes, and Other Poems, which featured a paean to the historic Cohoes Falls called Lines Written at the Coho, or Falls of the Mohawk River, among other famous verses.
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He finally settled in Sloperton Cottage at Bromham, Wiltshire, England, and became a novelist and biographer as well as a successful poet. He received a state pension, but his personal life was dogged by tragedy including the untimely deaths of all of his five children within his lifetime and the suffering of a stroke in later life, which disabled him from performances.
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William John "Liam" Neeson was born on 7 of June 1952 in Ballymena, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. He is a Irish actor. He was nominated to the Oscar and to the Globe of Gold. His father is a guardian, his name is Barney Neeson. Her mother was a cooker, Kitty Neeson. First, was a boxer and broke the nose. He studied in the Queens University of Belfast. He wanted to be a teacher, but he decided to work in the theatre. he first film that he took in part was “Excalibur” in 1981. The director of the film was John Boorman. In 1993 he was nominated to the Oscar, the Globes of Gold and the BAFTA as better actor, by his distinguished performance in the paper of “Oskar Schindler” in “The list of Schindler”, of Steven Spielberg. In 1993, he won the BAFTA, at the better actor in “The list of Schindler”. In 1994, he married to Natasha Richardson. They have two children, Micheál and Daniel. In 1998, he won the Globes of Gold and BAFTA, at the better actor in “The miserables”. In 1999 he acted in the film Star Wars with the paper of the gentleman and teacher Jedi Qui-Gon Jinn. In 2000, he acted with Sandra Bullock in the film “White perfect”. In 2002, he worked in the film “K-19 The Widowmaker” where he interprets a Russian submarine Captain with Harrison Ford.
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His films are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Lincoln (2009) (announced) .... Abraham Lincoln The Other Man (2008) (filming) .... Peter The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008) (post-production) (voice) .... Aslan Fallout 3(2008) (VG) (post-production) (voice) Taken (2008) .... Bryan Xavier (2006) (TV) .... Narrator Seraphim Falls (2006) .... Carver The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) Batman Begins (2005) (VG) (voice) .... Henri Ducard "The Simpsons" .... Father Sean (1 episode, 2005. Kingdom of Heaven (2005) .... Godfrey de Ibelin Kinsey (2004) .... Alfred Kinsey Patrick (2004) (TV) (voice) .... Narrator Love Actually (2003) .... Daniel Gangs of New York(2002) .... 'Priest' Vallon "Liberty's Kids: Est. 1776"(2002) TV series .... John Paul Jones (unknown episodes) K-19: The Widowmaker (2002) .... Mikhail Polenin Martin Luther (2002) (TV) (voice) .... Narrator
Videos:
http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=pNgJoi9cb9I Star Wars http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=zhTHS7sjTls K-19 The Widowmaker http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=kx5lX7WsqO8 Interview at Liam Neeson http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=tcidZHPZ2BY&feature=related Other interview at Liam Neeson
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Hugh O’Flaherty, known as "the Pimpernel of the Vatican" was born in Cahirciveen, Ireland, on 28 of February 1898. He studied theology at the Killarney seminary. He traveled to Rome in 1922 and finished his studies and was ordained priest on 1925. He stayed to word this year at Holy See. He was served the Vatican in Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo and Czechoslocvakia. And in 1934 he recived the title of Monsignor. He was famous because he was a Catholic priest and he saved about 4000 Allied soldiers and Jews in the Vatican during the World War II from the hands of the Nazis. He died on 30th of october, 1963.
Links: http://www.catholicireland.net/pages/index.php?nd=68&art=490 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O’Flaherty http://www.terracetalkireland.com/profiles/hugh.
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Maureen O'Hara (born Maureen FitzSimons on August 17, 1920 in Ranelagh, County Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish film actress and singer. Her parents were Charles Stewart Parnell FitzSimons (a Catholic) and Marguerita Lilburn (a Protestant) in Ranelagh, County Dublin, Ireland not long before partition. Her father was part owner of Irish football club Shamrock Rovers. She played the passionate heroines with a highly sensible attitude. She often worked with the director John Ford and longtime with his friend John Wayne. She is fluent in Irish and used this in her films The Long Gray Line, The Quiet Man, and Only the Lonely.
Filmography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
My Irish Molly (1938) Kicking the Moon Around (1938) Jamaica Inn (1939) The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939) A Bill of Divorcement (1940) Dance, Girl, Dance (1940) They Met In Argentina (1941) How Green Was My Valley (1941) To the Shores of Tripoli (1942) Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942) The Black Swan (1942) Immortal Sergeant (1943) This Land Is Mine (1943) The Fallen Sparrow (1943) Buffalo Bill (1944) The Spanish Main (1945) Sentimental Journey (1946) Do You Love Me (1946) Sinbad the Sailor (1947) The Homestretch (1947) Miracle on 34th Street (1947) The Foxes of Harrow (1947) Sitting Pretty (1948) A Woman's Secret (1949) The Forbidden Street (1949) Father Was a Fullback (1949) Bagdad (1949)
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Comanche Territory (1950)
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Tripoli (1950) Rio Grande (1950) Flame of Araby (1951) At Sword's Point (aka Sons of the Musketeers) (1952) Kangaroo (1952) The Quiet Man (1952) Against All Flags (1952) The Redhead from Wyoming (1953) War Arrow (1953) Malaga (1954) The Long Gray Line (1955) The Magnificent Matador (1955) Lady Godiva of Coventry (1955) Lisbon (1956) Everything But the Truth (1956) The Wings of Eagles (1957) Our Man in Havana (1959) The Deadly Companions (1961) The Parent Trap (1961) Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation (1962) McLintock! (1963) Spencer's Mountain (1963) The Battle of the Villa Fiorita (1965) The Rare Breed (1966) How Do I Love Thee? (1970) Big Jake (1971)
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Only the Lonely (1991)
Maureen O’hara’s Videos:
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http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=VomLRPZGGdo
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http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=zFdgIpMPZaI
External Links:
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http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/Maureen_OHara/193355
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http://www.whosdatedwho.com/celebrities/people/dating/maureen-ohara.htm
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http://www.thebestlinks.com/Maureen_O__27__Hara.html
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Biography: O'Toole was born in 1932, with some sources giving his birthplace as Connemara, Ireland, and others as Leeds, in West Yorkshire, England, where he also grew up. O'Toole himself is not certain of his birthplace or date, noting in his autobiography that while he accepts August 2 as his birthdate, he has conflicting birth certificates in both countries, with the Irish one giving a June, 1932 birthdate. O'Toole is the son of Constance Jane (née Ferguson), a Scottish-born nurse, and Patrick Joseph O'Toole, an Irish bookmaker. In a BBC Radio interview in January 2007, O'Toole said that he had studied women for a very long time,had given it his best try, but knew "nothing". In 1960, he married Welsh actress, Siân Phillips, with whom he had two daughters, Kate O'Toole, born 1961 (an awardwinning actress and resident of Clifden, Ireland) and Patricia; the couple divorced in 1979.
Websites: •Wikipedia •Reel Classics •Theatre, Musicals and Actors web •Tiscali •www.nndb.com
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M
ary Robinson was the first female president for
Ireland. She was president in 3 the Desember of 1990 to 1997. Mary Robinson was the first women. She resigned the presidency four months ahead of the end of her term of office to take up her post in the United Nations. She has been Honorary President of Oxfam International since 2002, she is Chair of the International Institute for Environment and Development and is also a founding member and Chair of the Council of Women World Leaders. Robinson is also one of the European members of the controversial Trilateral Commission. She is vice president of the Club of Madrid. In politics and society has received the necklace Hussein Bin Ali of Jordan, the Freedom Award from the Max Schmidheiny Foundation of Switzerland), Promoting Peace Prize Félix Houphouët-Boigny of UNESCO, the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development (2000) 2004 2006. She attended international sports events, met the Pope and, to the fury of the People's Republic of China, met Tenzin Gyatso (the 14th Dalai Lama). She famously put a special symbolic light in her kitchen window in Áras an Uachtaráin which was visible to the public as it overlooked the principal public view of the building, as a sign of remembering Irish emigrants around the world. The daughter of a west of Ireland doctor, Mary Robinson became Reid Professor of Constitutional and Criminal Law at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1969 at the age of 25. The only girl in a family of five, she attended Mt. Anville, an exclusive Catholic girls' boarding school in Dublin. She married Nicholas Robinson, a Dublin solicitor, and they had three children.
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Boise State University Idaho
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Fulbright association
Anthony Ryan was born on 2 February 1936 in Thurles, Republic of Ireland. He was a founder of Guinness Peat Aviation (GPA) and co-founder of Ryanair with Christy Ryan and Liam Lonergan. In 1985, he joined with Christy Ryan and Liam Lonergan for a modest project that in his first year only had an airplane of 15 posts to join the cities of Waterford (southeast of Ireland) and London. At the next year, he opened another route between Dublin and the British capital, with the objective of breaking flights between both islands that Aer Lingus and British Airways. On October 2007 he died with 71 years of a long illness. At the time of his death he owned 16% of Tiger Airways, a discount carrier based in Singapore which was founded in December 2003.
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Ryan was believed to have a personal fortune ranging between €800m and €1bn. He held honorary doctorates from several universities, includingTrinity College,Dublin, the National University of Ireland,Galway and the University of Limerick. Born in Thurles, Country Tipperary, Ryan's initial fortune came from GPA, the Commercial Aircraft Sales and Leasing company which he set up in 1975 with $50,000. The company grew to be worth $4 billion at its peak but its value dramatically collapsed in 1992 after the cancellation of its planned IPO. Ryan made €55m from the sale of AerFI (the successor to GPA) in 2000. Ryan was a tax exile who lived in Monte Carlo , but also owned a stud farm near his home in Newmarket, Co. Tipperary. He was the 7th wealthiest individual from Ireland in the Sunday Times Rich List 2007 with €1,503 mn(£1,010 mn).
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Life Saint Brendan of Clonfert or BrÊanainn of Clonfert (c. 484 – c. 577) Called "the Navigator", "the Voyager", or "the Bold" is one of the early Irish monastic saints whose legends reflect their history. He was born in Ciarraighe Luachra, near the present city of Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, in 484; he died at Enachduin, now Annaghdown, in 577. He was baptized at Tubrid, near Ardfert, by Bishop Erc. For five years he was educated under St. Ita, "the Brigid of Munster", and he completed his studies under St. Erc, who ordained him priest in 512. Between the years 512 and 530 Saint Brendan built monastic cells at Ardfert, and at Shanakeel or Baalynevinoorach, at the foot of Brandon Hill. It was from here that he set out on his famous voyage for the Land of Delight. He is chiefly renowned for his semi-legendary quest to the Isle of the Blessed. The Voyage of St. Brendan could be called an immram (Irish voyage story). He was one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. Saint Brendan's day is celebrated on May 16 in the Roman Catholic Church and within the Anglican Communion, and on January 15 in the Eastern Orthodox Church. The old Irish Calendars assigned a special day for the "Egressio familiae S. Brendani", on 22nd March. St Aengus the Culdee, in his Litany, at the close of the eighth century, invokes "the sixty who accompanied St. Brendan in his quest of the Land of Promise". Naturally, the story of the seven years' voyage was carried about, and, soon, crowds of pilgrims and students flocked to Ardfert. Thus, in a few years, many religious houses were formed at Gallerus, Kilmalchedor,
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Brandon Hill, and the Blasquet Islands, in order to meet those who came for spiritual guidance to St. Brendan.
Important things Having established the See of Ardfert, St. Brendan proceeded to Thomond, and founded a monastery at Inis-da-druim (now Coney Island, County Clare), in the present parish of Killadysert, about the year 550. He then journeyed to Wales, and thence to Iona, and left traces of his apostolic zeal at Kilbrandon (near Oban) and Kilbrennan Sound. After a three years' mission in Britain he returned to Ireland, and did much good work in various parts of Leinster, especially at Dysart (Co. Kilkenny), Killiney (Tubberboe), and Brandon Hill. He founded the Sees of Ardfert, and of Annaghdown, and established churches at Inchiquin, County Galway, and at Inishglora, County Mayo. His most celebrated foundation was Clonfert, in 557, over which he appointed St. Moinenn as Prior and Head Master. St. Brendan was interred in Clonfert.
Links http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02758c.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan
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George Bernard Shaw
Biography George Benard Shaw was born in Dublin,in 1856. His early family life was not very happy. George was unhappy at school, and instead of going to Trinity College like his contemporany Oscar wilde. He left school to take and office job at the age of fifteen. In London, he worked for a few more years as a clerk but began to educate himself, studying a wide range of subjects in the Reading Room of the British Museum. In the 1880s, he began to make a living journalist and critic. In 1898 he married with Charlotte Payne-Townshend. Their marriage appears to have been mostly celibate, but they lived happily together. In 1906 they settled in the Hertfordshire village of Ayot Tt. Lawrence, where they lived together until. Charlotte's death in 1943. He died at Ayot St. Lawrence in 1950. Plays He wrote music and drama criticism, and publishing critical essays. Shaw wrote over 50 plays, which belonged to the mainstream of European theatre rather than the more local Irish school developed in the Abbey Theatre in Dublin under the guidance of WB Yeats. Many of the works are 41
dramatized essays on the subjects of individual responsibility or freedom 5. of spirit against the confomist demands of society. Shaw wrote over 50 plays, and he continued to write them even in his 90s. He was awarded 9. the Nobel prize for Literature in 1924. He began to write plays in 1885, and among his early successes were Arms and the Man (1894), Candida (1897), and The Devil's Disciple (1897). There followed Man and Superman (1905), Major Barbara (1905), The Doctor's Dilemma (1906), and several others, displaying an increasing range of subject matter. Later plays include the ‘religious pantomime’ Androcles and the Lion (1912), and the ‘anti-romantic’ comedy Pygmalion (1913), adapted as the musical play My Fair Lady, in 1956 (filmed, 1964). After World War 1 followed Heartbreak House (1919), Back to Methuselah (1921), and Saint Joan (1923). Links
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http://www.literaturecollection.co m/a/george-bernard-shaw/
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/hub/A5 73842
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg e_Bernard_Shaw
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http://www.biography.com/search /article.do?id=948
Life Abraham "Bram" Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish writer of novels and short stories, who is best known today for his 1897 horror novel ‘Dracula’. During his lifetime, he was better known for being the personal assistant of the actor Sir Henry Irving and the business manager of the Lyceum Theatre in London, which Irving owned. He was born in 1847 at 15 Marino Crescent in Fairview, a coastal suburb of Dublin, Ireland. His parents were Abraham Stoker and the feminist Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornely. Stoker was the third of seven children. Abraham and Charlotte were members of the Clontarf Church of Ireland parish and attended the parish church (St. John the Baptist located on Seafield Road West) with their children, who were both baptised there. Stoker was ill until he started school at the age of seven — when he made a complete and astounding recovery. Of this time, Stoker wrote, "I was naturally thoughtful, and the leisure of long illness gave opportunity for many thoughts which were fruitful according to their kind in later years." After his recovery, he became a normal young man, even excelling as an athlete (he was named University Athlete) at Trinity College, Dublin (1864 – 43
1870), from which he graduated with honours in mathematics. He was auditor of the College Historical Society and president of the University Philosophical Society, where his first paper was on "Sensationalism in Fiction and Society". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Stoker
Bram Stoker Books/Novels The Primrose Path, 1875 Under the Sunset, 1882 The Snake’s Pass, 1890 The Watter’s Mou’, 1895 The Shoulder of Shasta, 1895 Bram Stoker’s Dracula, 1897 Miss Betty, 1898 The Mystery of the Sea, 1902 The Jewel of Seven Stars, 1904 The Man (The Gates of Life), 1905 Lady Athlyne, 1908 The Lady of the Shroud ,1909 The Lair of the White Worm (The Garden of Evil), 1911 http://www.classic-literature.co.uk/bram-stoker/
‘Dracula’ Dracula is the most important Bram Stoker’s book. http://books.google.es/books? id=sn9W2cLuhxYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=dracula&sig=FvefSHUhtuhP4M KTfQmRlyd3sZ4#PPP1,M1 This is the final scene from Francis Ford Coppola’s film of Dracula. http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=ugbOR40eoCw
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His life Jonathan Swift was born at No. 7, Hoey's Court, Dublin, and was the second child and only son of Jonathan Swift and his wife Abigail Erick. His father was Irish born and his mother was born in England. Swift arrived seven months after his father's untimely death. Most of the facts of Swift's early life are obscure, confused and sometimes contradictory. It is widely believed that his mother returned to England when Jonathan was still very young, leaving him to be raised by his father's family. His uncle Godwin took responsibility for the young Jonathan, sending him with one of his cousins to Kilkenny College. In 1682 he attended Dublin University (Trinity College, Dublin), receiving his B.A. in 1686. Swift was studying for his Master's degree when political troubles in Ireland surrounding the Glorious Revolution and forced him to leave for England in 1688, where his mother helped him get a position as secretary and personal assistant of Sir William Temple at Moor Park.
The writer Swift left Temple in 1690 for Ireland because of his health, but returned to Moor Park the following year. The illness, fits of vertigo or giddiness — now known to be Ménière's disease — would continue to plague Swift throughout his life. During this second stay with Temple, Swift received his M.A. from Hertford College, Oxford University in 1692. Then, in spite of gaining a better position through Temple's patronage, Swift left Moor Park to become an ordained priest in the Established Church of Ireland and in 1694 he was appointed to the prebend of Kilroot in the Diocese of Connor, with his parish located at Kilroot, near Carrickfergus in County Antrim. In February 1702, Swift received his Doctor of Divinity degree from Trinity College, Dublin. That spring he traveled to England and returned to Ireland in October.
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Maturity During his visits to England in these years Swift published A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books (1704) and began to gain a reputation as a writer. This led to close, lifelong friendships with Alexander Pope, John Gay, and John Arbuthnot, forming the core of the Martinus Scriblerus Club, (founded in 1713). Before the fall of the Tory government, Swift hoped that his services would be rewarded with a church appointment in England. However, Queen Anne appeared to have taken a dislike to Swift and thwarted these efforts. The best position that his friends could secure for him was the Deanery of St. Patrick's, Dublin. With the return of the Whigs, Swift's best move was to leave England and he returned to Ireland in disappointment, a virtual exile, to live "like a rat in a hole".
Works Swift was a prolific writer, famous for his satires. The most recent collection of his prose works (Herbert Davis, ed. Basil Blackwell, 1965-) comprises fourteen volumes. A recent edition of his complete poetry (Pat Rodges, ed. Penguin, 1983) is 953 pages long. One edition of his correspondence (David Woolley, ed. P. Lang, 1999) fills three volumes. Swift's first major prose play, A Tale of a Tub, demonstrates many of the themes and stylistic techniques he would employ in his later work. It is at once wildly playful and funny while being pointed and harshly critical of its targets. In 1690, Sir William Temple, Swift's patron, published An Essay upon Ancient and Modern Learning a defense of classical writing. Gulliver's Travels, first published in 1726, is Swift's masterpiece. As with his other writings, the Travels was published under a pseudonym, the fictional Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon and later a sea captain.
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The Corrs created themselves in 1991 to try to get in the movie The Commitments. Jim, Sharon, and Caroline got a small part as musicians, while Andrea got a speaking part as Sharon Rabbitte, sister of the main character. It was while they were trying out for this movie that they were noticed by their manager, John Hughes.Their music has been released through 'Atlantic Records', a music company.Their first album, Forgiven, Not Forgotten, was most popular in Australia. They then did another albym called Talk On Corners, which was very popular in Ireland and Britain.
Albums released: • • • • •
Borrowed Heaven 2004 VH1 Presents: The Corrs, Live In Dublin 2002 The Best Of The Corrs 2001 In Blue 2000 The Corrs Unplugged 1999 47
• •
Talk On Corners 1998 Forgiven, Not Forgotten 1995
External links: http://www.thecorrswebsite.com/index2.htm http://www.thecorrs.org http://thecorrs.com/
Important prizes
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1993 Best Newcomers (CARA Awards) 1996 Best New Irish Act (IRMA Awards) 1997 Better international album (Prizes Friend) 1997 Better Irish band (INEA Awards) 1998 “Premios platino” for Forgiven not Forgotten and Talk On Corners 1998 Better album for Talk On Corners (Q Awards) 1998 Better international album (“Premios Amigo”) 1998 Better international band (“Premios Amigo”) 1998 Best New Artist Clip for Dreams (Billboard Music Video Awrads) 1999 Popular Music (INEA Awards) 1999 Better international group (Brit Awards) 1999 Better actual song for What Can I do? (Ivor Novello Awards) 1999 The Worlds Best Selling Irish Band (World Music Awards) 1999 Better Irish band (Heineken Hot Press Rock Awards) 1999 Better perfomance in direct for Lansdowneroad (Heineken Hot Press Rock Awards) 1999 Better feminine artist Andrea Corr (Heineken Hot Press Rock Awards) 2000 London's Favourite International Group (Capital FM's London Awards) 2000 Better pop group (Singapore Radio Music Awards) 2000 Best Kept Secret (VH1 Music Awards) 2001 Better international group (NRJ Music Awards) 2001 Concert Capital Award (Capital FM's London Awards) 2002 Best Irish Musician Caroline Corr (Irish Music Awards) 2002 Rory Gallagher Musician Award (Hot Press Music Award) 2002 Better pop song for Breathless (BMI Pop Award) 2003 Best International Pop Act (Irish world Awards) 2004 Better Irish performance (Big Buzz Awards) 2005 Better Irish band (Big Buzz Irish Entertainment Awards) 2005 Special mention of the jury (“Premios Ondas”) 2005 Member of the Excelencie order of the British Empire 2007 TC Raymond Academy Awards 2000 - Biggest Leaf
Some songs: ‘Summer sunshine’: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aM-63y_SPIs ‘When the stars go blue’: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XV_dbCF1jOA
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Life : William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin. Born: 26 June 1824 Belfast, Antrim Ireland. Died: 17 Desember1907 (age 83) Largs Ayrshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. The identity of William Thomson's mother is unknown. She died when he was only six years old. His father, Dr. James Thomson, was a teacher of mathematics and engineering at Royal Belfast Academical Institution and the son of a farmer. James received little youthful instruction in Ulster; at the age of 24, he commenced study for half the year at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, while working as a teacher back in Belfast for the other half. On graduating, he became a mathematics teacher at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. He married Margaret Gardner in 1817 and, of their children, four boys and two girls survived infancy. William and his elder brother James were tutored at home by their father while the younger boys were tutored by their elder sisters. James was intended to benefit from the major share of his father's encouragement, affection and financial support and was prepared for a fashionable career in engineering. However, James was a sickly youth and proved unsuited to a sequence of failed apprenticeships. William soon became his father's favorite.
Works: He is widely known for developing the Kelvin scale of absolute temperature measurement. The title Baron Kelvin was given in honors of his achievements, and named after the River Kelvin, which flowed past his university in Glasgow, Scotland. He also had a later career as an electric telegraph engineer and inventor, a career that propelled him into the public eye and ensured his wealth, fame and honors. He was an Irish mathematical physicist and engineer. At Glasgow University he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its modern form. Bibliography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Kelvin
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U2 are a rock band from Dublin, Ireland. The band consists of Bono (vocals and guitar), The Edge (guitar, keyboards and vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar) and Larry Mullen, Jr. (drums and percussion). U2 formed in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency. By the mid-1980s, however, the band had become a top international act, noted for their anthemic sound, Bono's impassioned vocals, and The Edge's textural guitar playing. Their success as a live act was greater than their success at selling records until their 1987 album, The Joshua Tree, increased the band's stature "from heroes to superstars," according to Rolling Stone. U2 responded to the dance and alternative rock revolutions, and their own sense of musical stagnation by reinventing themselves with their 1991 album Achtung Baby and the accompanying Zoo TV Tour. Similar experimentation continued for the rest of the 1990s. Since 2000, U2 have pursued a more traditional sound that retains the influence of their musical explorations. U2 have sold more than 170 million albums worldwide and have won more Grammy Awards than any other band. In 2005, the band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility. Rolling Stone Magazine listed U2 at #22 in their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. Throughout their career, as a band and as individuals, they have campaigned for human rights and social justice causes, including Amnesty International, the ONE Campaign, and Bono's DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa) campaign. 50
Studio albums • • • • • • • • •
• •
Boy (1980) October (1981) War (1983) The Unforgettable Fire (1984) The Joshua Tree (1987) Rattle and Hum (1988) Achtung Baby (1991) Zooropa (1993) Pop (1997)
All That You Can't Leave Behind (2000) How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2004)
Compilation and live albums • • • •
Under a Blood Red Sky (1983) The Best of 1980–1990 (1998) The Best of 1990–2000 (2002) U218 Singles (2006)
Bono writes the lyrics for almost all U2 songs, often rich in social and political themes. His lyrics frequently allude to a religious connection or meaning, evident in songs such as "Gloria" from the band's album October and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", from The Joshua Tree album. During the band's early years, Bono was known for his rebellious tone which turned to political anger and rage during the band's War, The Joshua Tree and Rattle and Hum eras. Following the Enniskillen bombing that left 11 dead and 63 injured on 8 November 1987, the Provisional IRA paramilitaries threatened to kidnap Bono. IRA supporters also attacked a vehicle carrying the band members. These acts were in response to his speech condemning the Remembrance Day Bombing during a live performance of "Sunday Bloody Sunday". The singer had been advised to cut his onstage outburst from the Rattle and Hum film, but it was left in.
LINKS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bono#cite_note-ATU2comBonoBio-3 SONGS http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=YhWZ7bpfQag http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=TCkbabVQ3Ls http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=omFdpnSu57U
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Arthur Wellesley, the fifth son of the 1st earl of Mornington, was born in Dublin in 1769. After being educated at Eton and a military school at Angers he received a commission in the 73rd Infantry. Eventually Wellesley obtained the rank of captain and became aide-de-camp to the LordLieutenant of Ireland. In 1797 Wellesley was sent to India. With Napoleon gaining victories in Egypt, Wellesley was dispatched to deal with Tippoo Sahib of Mysore. As brigade commander under General George Harris he impressed his superiors throughout the Seringapatam expedition and was made administrator of the conquered territory.
Wellesley returned to England in 1805 and the following year he was elected as the MP for Rye in Sussex. A year after entering the House of Commons, the Duke of Portland appointed Wellesley as his Irish Secretary. Although a member of the government, Arthur Wellesley remained in the army and in 1808 he was sent to aid the Portuguese against the French. After a victory at Vimeiro he returned to England but the following year he was asked to assume command of the British Army in the Peninsular War. In 1812 the French were forced out of Spain and Wellesley reinforced his victory against the French at Toulouse. In 1814 Wellesley was granted the title, the Duke of Wellington. In 1818 the Duke of Wellington returned to politics when he accepted the invitation of Lord Liverpool to join his Tory administration as master-General of the Ordnance.
In 1828 Wellington replaced Lord Goderich as prime minister. The summer and autumn of 1830 saw a wave of riots, rick-burnings and machine-breaking. In a debate in the House of Lords in November, Earl Grey , the Whig leader, suggested that the best way to reduce this violence was to introduce parliamentary reform. The Duke of Wellington replied that the existing constitution was so perfect that he could not imagine any possible alternative that would be an improvement on the present system. In the speech Wellington made it clear that he had no intention of introducing parliamentary reform. When news of what Wellington had said in Parliament was reported, his home in London was attacked by a mob. Now extremely unpopular with the public, Wellington began to consider resigning from office.
Wellington retired from public life in 1846 but in 1848 he organized a military force to protect London against possible Chartist violence at the large meeting at Kennington Common. Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington died in 1852 and is buried in St Paul's Cathedral.
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Battles of Wellesley Period: 1794-1794
Period: December 1805 to February 1806
Region: Europe.
Region: Europe - Hanover
War of the First Coalition1793-97.
Rank: Commanded a brigade in the expedition to recapture Hanover.
Period: 1797 to 1805 Region: Iberian Peninsula: 1809-1813 Region: India Toulouse (1814) - victorious 1799 Seringapatan - victorious Period: 1815 Campaign against Tipoo Sultan Region: Europe (Waterloo- victorious). Rank: Colonel, with independent command.
Bibliography - www.napoleonguide.com/leaders_welling.htm - www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwellington.htm 53
Life: Oscar Wilde was born in October 16, 1854. Was a rich Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. His father was a doctor and travelled around the world, he founded St. Mark's Ophthalmic Hospital, in 1844. He was died at 1876. His mother became an a revolutionary writer. Emely, his little sister, died at an early age, from a sudden fever. Oscar was very affected. Before he married, William fathered three children. The first, Henry Willson, was born in 1838. The second and third were a girls. On May 29, 1884, he married Constance Lloyd. Constance was four years younger than Oscar. In 1981, Oscar met Lord Alfred 'Bosie’ Douglas, and they became lovers. Later, Alfred's father had accused him of homosexuality. Oscar Wilde died on November 30, 1900.
Works: Poetry -Ravenna (1878) -The Sphinx (1894) 54
-The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898)
Plays
-Vera; or, The Nihilists (1880)
-The Duchess of Padua (1883)
-Salomé (1893, first performed in Paris 1896)
-Lady Windermere's Fan (1892)
-A Woman of No Importance (1893)
-Salomé: A Tragedy in One Act: Translated from the French of Oscar Wilde by Lord Alfred Douglas with illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley (1894)
-An Ideal Husband (1895) (text)
-The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) (text)
-La Sainte Courtisane and A Florentine Tragedy Fragmentary. First published 1908 in Methuen's Collected Works
Prose
-The Canterville Ghost (1887)
-The Happy Prince and Other Stories (1888, fairy tales) [4]
-The Decay Of Lying (First published in 1889, republished in Intentions, 1891)
-Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories (1891)
-Intentions (1891, critical dialogues and essays)
-The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891)Photograph
-A House of Pomegranates (1891, fairy tales)
-The Soul of Man under Socialism (First published in the Pall Mall Gazette, 1891, first book publication 1904)
-De Profundis (1905)
-The Rise of Historical Criticism (published in incomplete form 1905 and completed form in 1908)
-The Letters of Oscar Wilde (1960) This was re-released in 2000, with letters uncovered since 1960, and new, detailed, footnotes by Merlin Holland.
-Teleny or The Reverse of the Medal (Paris, 1893) has been attributed to Wilde, but was more likely a combined effort by a several of Wilde's friends, which he may have edited.
Bibliography http://www.cmgww.com/historic/wilde/bio1.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Wilde 55
William Butler Yeats was born in Sandymount, County Dublin. His father, John Butler Yeats, was a descendant of Jervis Yeats, a Williamite soldier and linen merchant who died in 1712. Jervis' grandson Benjamin married Mary Butler, daughter of a landed County Kildare family. At the time of his marriage, John Yeats was studying law, but abandoned his studies to study art at Heatherley’s Art School in London. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen, came from a wealthy AngloIrish family in County Sligo who owned a prosperous milling and shipping business. Soon after William's birth the family relocated to Sligo to stay with her extended family, and the young poet came to think of the area as his childhood and spiritual home. Its landscape became, over time, both literally and symbolically, his "country of the heart". The Butler Yeats family were highly artistic; his brother Jack went on to be a highly regarded painter, while his sisters Elizabeth and Susan—known to family and friends as Lollie and Lily—became involved in the Arts and Crafts movement. Yeats grew up in a Protestant Ascendancy at the time undergoing a crisis of identity. While his family was broadly supportive of the changes Ireland was experiencing, the nationalist revival of the late 19th century directly disadvantaged his heritage, and informed his outlook for the remainder of his life. In 1997, his biographer R. F. Foster observed that Napoleon's dictum that to understand the man you have to know what was happening in the world when he was twenty "is manifestly true of W.B.Y." Yeats' childhood and young adulthood were shadowed by the marginalization of the Protestant community. The 1880s saw the rise of Parnell and the Home rule movement, the 1890s the momentum of nationalism, while the Fenians became prominent around the turn of the century. These developments were to have a profound effect on his poetry, and his subsequent explorations of Irish identity had a significant influence on the creation of his country's biography. In 1876, the family moved to England to aid their father, John, to further his career as an artist. At first the Yeats children were educated at home. Their mother entertained them with stories and folktales from her county of birth. John provided an erratic education in geography and chemistry, and took William on natural history explorations of the nearby Slough countryside. On 26 January 1877, the young poet entered the Godolphin primary school, which he attended for four years. He did not distinguish himself academically, and an early school report describes his performance as "only fair. Perhaps better in Latin than in any other subject. Very poor in spelling." Though he had difficulty with mathematics and languages, he was fascinated by biology and zoology. For financial reasons, the family returned to Dublin toward the end of 1880, living at first in the city center and later in the suburb of Howth. In October 1881, Yeats resumed his education at Dublin's Erasmus Smith High School. His father's studio was located nearby and William spent a great deal of time there, and met many of the city's artists and writers.
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It was during this period that he started writing poetry, and in 1885 Yeats' first poems, as well as an essay entitled "The Poetry of Sir Samuel Ferguson", were published in the Dublin University Review. Between 1884 to 1886, William attended the Metropolitan School of Art—now the National College of Art and Design—in Kildare Street. His first known works were written when he was seventeen, and include a poem heavily influenced by Percy Bysshe Shelley which describes a magician who set up his throne in central Asia. Other pieces from this period are a draft of a play involving a Bishop, a monk, and a woman accused of paganism by local shepherds, as well as lovepoems and narrative lyrics on medieval German knights. The early works were both conventional and according to the critic Charles Johnson "utterly unIrish", seeming to come out of a "vast murmurous gloom of dreams". Although Yeats' early works drew heavily on Shelley, Edmund Spenser, and on the diction and colouring of pre-Raphaelite verse, he soon turned to Irish myth and folklore and the writings of William Blake. In later life, Yeats paid tribute to Blake by describing him as one of the "great artificers of God who uttered great truths to a little clan".
Links: • •
Wikipedia www.online-literature.com
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