The Africa Studio Design to Build: Housing for the Malamulo Hospital Philadelphia University Fall 2013
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Precedent
Pruitt-Igoe Housing Project Architect Misoru Yamasaki St. Louis, Missouri, USA 1954
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http://rustwire.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Cohn01.jpg
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Precedent
Quinta Monroy Housing Architect Elemental Design Iquique, Chile 2004
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http://parq001.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/1154836985_elemental_01.jpg
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To be successful, housing must respond to multiple communities and constituencies, and satisfy a broad range of private to public design issues.
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Project
A prototype for housing of doctors and medical students in rural Africa. The clients desire a prototype housing solution for visiting doctors and medical students. A case study site has been chosen in Malamulo, Malawi to house medical practitioners for the Malamulo Hospital.
Aerial view of hospital and site 5
Why? Africa’s rural communities lack permanent medical practitioners. In the rural community of Malamulo, the directors of the local hospital seek housing for visiting doctors and medical students from the University of Malawi in Blantyre. The Malamulo Hospital has a 129,000 person catchment area from two surrounding districts who are among the poorest in Africa. Only four full-time physicians (two Malawi-trained & two US-licensed) comprise the staff serving the hospital’s 275 bed capacity. The hospital relies upon interim assistance from local and international donors, most importantly visiting medical volunteers. Unfortunately, the hospital struggles to recruit long-term visiting doctors and faculty, partially due to inadequate housing.
Malamulo Hospital 6
How do we design in a distant context for unknown users?
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Challenges
Satisfying the Constituents
Clients: Designing a prototype for a cost-effective, long-term solution. Non-profit organizations support the funding of the project. Their finances are often sparse with a somewhat inconsistent inflow. They require a thoughtful building that is environmentally responsive, affordable, and results in high user retention.
Community: Designing in a foreign country without a site visit. Native Malawian families dwell in the neighborhood surrounding the site. The design solution should be contextually appropriate and should encourage a harmonious relationship between the hospital associates and the Malamulo community. Its construction should adhere to the native building culture, employing local contractors, utilizing local construction techniques, and presenting an appropriate aesthetic and typology.
Users: Designing for unspecified users including medical professionals & students of varied cultural backgrounds. The users are the visiting medical practitioners who will be the residents of the completed housing solution. The residents are individuals of multiple backgrounds and will also likely include doctors’ families. Though their daily life will be spent working long days with little free time, it is important they have comfortable spaces to relax alone, to cook and eat, and to socialize with housemates, neighbors, and the community.
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How do we provide housing for doctors and students at the Malamulo Hospital?
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Challenges Two Users Groups
Doctors + Faculty: Room for Four Inhabitants per Unit
In some cases, doctors will come with families. Other times, they may need room for guests. Faculty may also share units with colleagues. These users will spend up to 5 years in this housing.
One Unit
This unit needs two bedrooms, two bathrooms, kitchen, and living room. It should be comfortable without the need to actively heat or cool. They need to be secure without security measures feeling imposing.
Buildable
With accessible materials and local builders. The cost must correlate with recently built duplex units.
Medical Students: Multiple Inhabitants per Unit
Students will spend several months in this housing and will be sharing bedrooms and bathrooms. Spaces must be comfortable, meeting students’ expectations of housing in their typical urban environments. It must be organized efficiently with space for studying and for relaxing in community.
Ability to Phase
As client funding fluctuates and need increases over time, this scheme should consider phasing. This would allow Malamulo Hospital to host some students with relatively low upfront cost and grow their student housing as needed.
Buildable
With accessible materials and local builders. The cost must correlate with recently built duplex units, as it breaks down per person.
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Successful housing uses contextual materials and methods through innovative and responsive design techniques.
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Local Construction Methods Malamulo, Malawi Lifestyle
In contrast to Northern cultures, the Malawian life style is outdoor-oriented. Malawians spend the majority of their time outside and usually only enter buildings to cook and rest.
Typology
The majority of dwellings in Malamulo are small, modest residences. Malawian families tend to share houses of a single room. Kitchens are usually detached from the house due to the excessive heat created from cooking in this hot climate. Most houses contain porches called khonde. Roofs are usually singleor doubled-pitched.
Detached Kitchen
Materials
Bricks, often formed on site, are the most common buildings material. They are either sun-dried or kiln-fired. Plaster is available to cover interior and exterior walls. Concrete is rather expensive and therefore reserved for floor slabs. Steel window and door fittings can be purchased on main roads. Roofs are commonly constructed of thin corrugated metal sheets or clay tiles. Wooden beams or local gum poles support the roof. Additional materials may be transported from larger cities such as Blantyre, but it is very costly.
Window and door frame market
Local construction 12
Local Building Culture Typical construction methods
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Construction Analysis What did we extract?
70mm 100mm
230mm
Standard Brick Dimensions
Prefabricated Door Frame
Site Transportation
Gum Pole
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Vernacular Housing Neighboring House
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Vernacular Housing What did we extract?
North-facing windows
Front porch connects to the community
Passive cooling through large north-facing overhang
Semi-public garden
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Comparative Data Existing Duplexes Program
There are two duplexes, each have two joined units containing two bedrooms, a kitchen, dining room, lounge, bathroom, laundry room, powder room, and two khondes.
Size and Price
Each duplex accommodates four individuals, eight people all together. The four units each contain 88 square meters (950 square feet) at $256 per square meter ($24 per square foot) for a total of $22,500 each. Altogether, the project offers 1,160 SQ M (3,800 SQ F) and costs a total of $90,000.
Understanding
These duplexes lack a well-rounded approach to context, thermal comfort, and innovative construction techniques. They do not facilitate any social relationships between one another, nor with the surrounding community. The rooms are very closed off and private while offering little to no comfortable spaces for the residents. Additionally, they do not actively employ passive systems such as natural ventilation or rainwater collection.
2
7m
2
11m
2
12m
2
21m
2
16m
2
84m
2
5m
2
2
2
8m
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Comparative Precedent Existing Duplexes
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Comparative Precedent What did we extract?
No personalized outdoor space No backup systems
Burglar bars
No semi-public outdoor space No passive cooling strategies
Inefficient use of space Inability to adapt to user preference
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Surrounding Context
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The Malamulo Hospital
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Successful housing creates a comfortable environment for its users.
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The Climate
Designing for thermal comfort
temperature measurement is color coded into meaningful temperature bands: cool is the darkest grey (50°F to 65°F), comfortable is dark grey (65°F to 75°F), warm is light grey (75°F to 85°F), hot is the lightest grey (85°F to 100°F)
Seasonal Changes
Malawi experiences three seasons: a cold, dry season; a hot, dry season; and a warm, rainy season. The weather is warm and wet from December to April with up to 845mm of rainfall. The environment is cold and dry from May to August, and hot and dry from September to November.
Sun
Malawi is located in the southern hemisphere, only about 1,800 km from the equator and therefore the sun generally maintains a high position in the north side of the sky. Throughout most of the year the sun reaches a height of 54 to 74 degrees in the north, however in the summer it reaches a height of 82 degrees in the Southern sky.
Hot + Dry Season
Rainy Season
Cold + Dry Season
6 pm Hot
Ventilating
12 pm
Warm Shading
Wind
Predominant winds flow from the east, northeast and southeast, picking up speed in the warmer months, and can reach speeds up to 28km/h.
Comfortable Cool
6 am
Impermeable
Diagram
A full year of hourly temperature reports with the days of the year on the x-axis and the hours of the day on the y-axis. The hourly temperature measurement is color coded into meaningful temperature bands: cool is the darkest grey (50°F to 65°F), comfortable is dark grey (65°F to 75°F), warm is light grey (75°F to 85°F), and hot is the lightest grey (85°F to 100°F).
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
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The Climate
The Hot + Dry Season: Sept - Nov
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Hot+Dry Season West
North
90째 75째 60째 45째 South
6 A.M.
East
6 P.M.
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The Climate
The Rainy Season: Dec - April
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Rainy Season West
North
90째 75째 60째 45째 South
6 A.M.
East
6 P.M.
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The Climate
The Cold & Dry Season: May - Aug
98
Cold+Dry Season West
North
90째 75째 60째 45째 South
6 A.M.
East
6 P.M.
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The Site
16°10’9.03”S / 35°, Elevation 860m
banana tree
58m
mango tree
mango tree
Malamulo, Malawi:
papaya tree
western view of the rolling hillsides and mountain range in the distance
steep slope begins at this point of the site
27m
The site available for construction is roughly a half hectare plot in a rural neighborhood of modest single-family and duplex housing serving the hospital and local community. The site is on a north-facing hillside in the southern hemisphere with pastoral mountain views to the northwest, and contains mature papaya, banana, and mango trees along its perimeter. Environmental and climatic contexts include high levels of solar exposure, significant rainfall in the rainy season, challenging drainage issues, and lush fertile soils.
papaya tree
main path and entrance to the site.
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Site to Hospital Route 16°10’9.03”S / 35°
Site
Malamulo Hospital
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Site Attributes Panorama
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Site Attributes What did we extract?
Neighbors
Views to the West
Mango Trees
Banana Trees
Papaya Trees
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Site Images
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Successful housing satisfies users, clients, and community by enabling experiences ranging from private moments to public engagement.
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Constituent Research User Consultants
CLIENTS Amy Keenum, client representative Meetings with our client representative led to an understanding of the goals for this project. We were able to identify the need for two schemes- doctor housing and student housing. Our team gained a greater understanding of the need for housing, as it will lead to a greater rate of doctor / faculty retention for Malamulo. The client representative provided quantitative date about the hospital and its staff, as well as qualitative information about the difficulties and joys of living at Malamulo Hospital.
USERS Alex Vinograd, user representative The user representative provided significant insight into the life of a doctor working in a rural sub-Saharan community. Her anecdotes and reflections led the team to a much greater understanding of how spaces are used, how doctors relate with patients and community members, and how important it is to have a place to call home.
NEIGHBORS Residents of the Malamulo community The goal for this project is to make a positive impact for local residents as it hosts doctors and students who can interact and develop relationships with their community.
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Constituent Considerations
How do we satisfy the constituent design forces?
How do we satisfy the constituents?
The project seeks to find a balance between the needs of the clients, users and community. The design intent is guided by these various needs.
CLIENT Funders
Cost Low maintenance Marketability Recruiting
Successful Housing
USERS Doctors & Faculty Medical Students
Comfort
Cultural Cohesion
NEIGHBORS Malawian Community
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Constituents Clients
The finances of the project funders are often scanty and infrequent. They need a prototype for a scheme that is cost-effective, durable, maintainable by the locals, and results in high user retention.
Funders
Financial Viability
low maintenance low overhead costs low construction costs marketability
happy doctors places for family living positive community reception
unique experiences places for study happy students
Malamulo Hospital
High User Retention
Educational Experience
Loma Linda and U of Malawi
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Constituents Neighbors
The design should encourage a harmonious relationship between the hospital associates and the residents of the Malamulo community. The design solution needs to adhere to the native building culture, employ local contractors, utilize local construction techniques, and present an appropriate aesthetic and typology.
Local Residents
Supports Local Economy not taxing to local resources
uses local workers
familiar/local materials doesn’t displace nodes/paths doesn’t obstruct views outdoor relationship boundaries of controlled space familiar scale
Patients & Families
Respect for Context
doesn’t disrupt atmosphere
provides space for interaction Community Interaction
Long-Term Doctors
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Constituents
Users: Doctors & Medical Students The users daily lives will be spent working long days with little free time, it is important they have comfortable spaces to relax alone, to cook and eat, to study and to socialize with house mates, neighbors, and the community.
Comfort
privacy thermal comfort tactility user adjustability low maintenance security shade
adjustability
adequate lighting collaborative space quietude
School Experience
having clean laundry
community barbeques working at desk watching the sunset morning tea a goodnights sleep tending the gardens hot shower reading a good book napping in shade having friends over at night conversation studying with classmates familiar meal
Home Experience
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Constituents User moments
watching the sunset watching the sunset
crying on someone’s shoulder crying on someone’s shoulder
barbeque for the community watching barbequethe for sunset the community
hot shower after a long day cryinghot onshower someone’s aftershoulder a long day
barbeque for the comm
morning tea morning tea
working at desk working at desk
having friends over at night morning tea over at night having friends
tending the gardens working at desk tending the gardens
having friends over at n
having clean laundry having clean laundry
napping in the shade napping in the shade
a good night’s sleep having a goodclean night’slaundry sleep
studying with classmates napping in thewith shade studying classmates
a good night’s sleep
familiar meal with family and friends conversation with neighbor hot shower after a long dayand friends familiar meal with family
kicking a ball with neigh
reading a good book watching sunset reading athe good book
conversation with neighbor crying on someone’s shoulder conversation with neighbor
kicking a ball with neighbor kids reading good book barbeque the community kicking aafor ball with neighbor kids
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Conceptual Experience Doctors Housing
CONCEPTUAL EXPERIENCES | DOCTORS During the design process, user activities are evaluated based on the degree of privacy and sociability appropriate for various tasks. This process aims COMMUNAL to guarantee that the users will have comfortable spaces suitable for various many people involved activities.
Barbeque for the community
Familiar meal with family and friends PUBLIC
PRIVATE
The users desired activities are considered, and organized in terms of their privacy levels
Kicking a ball with neighbor kids
Working at desk Having friends over at night
Conversation with neighbor Watching the sunset
Morning tea Crying on someone’s shoulder A good night’s sleep
Reading a good book
Hot shower after a long day
Tending the gardens Napping in the shade Laundry
PERSONAL
one or two people involved
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Spatial Experience Doctor’s Housing
SPATIAL EXPERIENCES | DOCTORS
Appropriate levels of privacy and sociability are determined for different parts of the program. Program is designed around user activities. COMMUNAL
barbeque for the community
kicking a ball with neighbor kids
Semi-public outdoor space
Kitchen Office working at desk
Shared khonde
having friends over at night reading a good book Living room
Personal khonde
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
familiar meal with family and friends
conversation with neighbor
watching the sunset
morning tea crying on someone’s shoulder Bedroom a good night’s sleep
tending the gardens napping in the shade having clean laundry
hot shower after a long day Bathroom PERSONAL
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Adjacencies of Spaces Doctor’s Housing
Relationships are found between programmatic spaces that will foster appropriate environments for different user activities.
Office
Kitchen Semi-public outdoor space
Living room
Shared khonde Bathroom
Bedroom
Personal khonde
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Spatial Organization Doctor’s Housing
Semi-public outdoor space
Kitchen Kitchen Bathroom
Office
Bathroom Office
Bedroom Bedroom Shared khonde Bathroom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Bedroom
Living room
Personal khonde
Living room
Personal khonde
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Spatial Organization
Bedroom
Living room
Living room
Bedroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
Office
Office
Kitchen
Shared
Personal khonde
Bathroom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Doctor’s Housing
Bedroom
Personal khonde
Semi-public outdoor space
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Spatial Diagram Doctor’s Housing
Bedroom
Living room
Living room
Bedroom
Bedroom
Personal khonde
Bathroom
Kitchen
Bathroom
Kitchen
Office
Office
Semi-public outdoor space Shared Khonde
Semi-public outdoor space
Bathroom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Personal khonde
Semi-public outdoor space
Semi-public outdoor space
Semi-public outdoor space
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Plan
Doctor’s Housing
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Section
Doctor Moments The design provides appropriate spaces suitable for various activities, and allows the users to live comfortably.
Tending the gardens
Morning tea
Barbeque for the community
Having clean laundry
Having friends over at night 46
Conceptual Experience Students Housing
The users desired activities are considered, and organizedCONCEPTUAL in terms of theirEXPERIENCES | STUDENTS privacy levels COMMUNAL
many people involved
Barbeque for the community
Kicking a ball with neighbor kids
Familiar meal with family and friends PUBLIC
PRIVATE
Studying with classmates
Having friends over at night
Conversation with neighbor Watching the sunset
Morning tea Crying on someone’s shoulder A good night’s sleep
Reading a good book
Hot shower after a long day
Tending the gardens Napping in the shade Laundry
PERSONAL
one or two people involved
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Spatial Experience Students Housing
CONCEPTUAL EXPERIENCES | STUDENTS Appropriate levels of privacy and sociability are determined for different parts of the program. Program is designed around user activities. COMMUNAL
barbeque for the community
kicking a ball with neighbor kids
Semi-public outdoor space Shared living room studying with classmates
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
familiar meal with family and friends Shared kitchen and dining
having friends over at night reading a good book
Khonde watching the sunset
conversation with neighbor
Morning tea crying on someone’s shoulder Bedroom a good night’s sleep
tending the gardens napping in the shade laundry
hot shower after a long day Bathroom PERSONAL
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Adjacencies of Spaces Student Housing
Relationships are found between programmatic spaces that aim to guarantee the building will foster appropriate environments for different user activities.
Shared living room Semi-public outdoor space
Bathroom
Shared kitchen and dining
Bedroom
Khonde
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Organization of Spaces Student Housing
Semi-public outdoor space
Bedroom Bathroom Bathroom
Bedroom
Bathroom Bedroom
Shared living room Bathroom
Khonde
Shared kitchen and dining Khonde
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Organization of Spaces Student Housing
Bathroom Bathroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Khonde Bathroom
Shared kitchen and dining
Bedroom
Khonde
Shared living room
Semi-public outdoor space
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Plan Diagram
Bathroom
Bathroom
Student Housing
Bedroom
Bedroom Khonde
Semi-public outdoor space
Shared dining
Bathroom
Bedroom
Khonde
Shared living room
Shared kitchen Laundry
Khonde
Bathroom
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Plan
Student Housing
53
Section
Student Moments The design provides appropriate spaces suitable for various tasks, and allow the users to live comfortably.
Conversation with neighbor Having clean laundry
Morning tea Having friends over at night Studying with classmates
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Balancing all constituent and design priorities.
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Design Development Considerations
The design has developed the following guiding principles in order to satisfy the client, users and the community.
Rainwater Capture Collect and utilize rainwater on site for potable water and irrigation
Vegetation Incorporating local vegetation and gardens
Energy Maximize day lightning and minimize electricity use with sustainable techniques
Contextualization Understand the existing population as well as vernacular building technology, building program, and materials.
Innovation Understanding local materials and practices to develop innovative solutions
Comfort Balancing the expectation of the user including independence and privacy, with integrating a communal feel, and thermal comfort of people living there
Efficiency Making the community self sufficient by incorporating efficient systems to the units as a whole
Systems Understanding local materials and practices to develop innovative solutions 56
Doctors Housing
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Doctors Housing A Typology To engage doctors and hospital faculty with meaningful living situation, this project seeks to create a sense of home using varying degrees of privacy and community. As the built form responds to the climatic conditions of the site, it becomes a comfortable and cool space to inhabit. As its organization creates space for solitude and for community, it allows users to rest as they need and socialize as they want. The two houses site on the site in a way that encourages movement and community between them, creating space for gathering and eating. Between four units and two kitchens, there are opportunities to spend time with neighbors but also to be in quiet personal space. As private spaces, like bedrooms, are buffered by semi-private spaces, like living rooms, they become places of retreat from busy days at the hospital.
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Site Plan
Context and Site Organization
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Doctors Housing A Typology
a. low planted gardens b. high planted gardens 1. porch 2. gravel patio 3. drainage trench 4. gravel entrance path 5. gravel laundry area
gravel laundry area bathrooms bedroom living room/kitchen bedroom gravel entrance path porch drainage trench gravel patio
drainage trench low planted gardens porch drainage trench high planted gardens low planted gardens
A. bedrooms B. bathrooms C. living room/kitchen
a b 1
3
5 A
B
B
C a
A
2 b 3
a
4 60
Doctors Housing A Typology gravel laundry area bathrooms bedroom living room/kitchen bedroom gravel entrance path porch gravel patio drainage trench
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Doctors Housing A Typology
drainage trench high planted gardens porch drainage trench low planted gardens
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Floor Plan Doctor’s Housing
The design consists of two units connected by a covered, outdoor dining space. Each unit has two bedrooms, two bathrooms, a kitchen and a space for laundry.
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Elevations Doctor’s Housing
South Elevation
North Elevation
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Elevations
Doctor’s Housing: Communal Kitchen Elevation
Communal Kitchen Closed
Communal Kitchen Open 65
Section
Doctor’s Housing
1m
4m
1.3m
2m
2m
.8m
.5m
overhang
living room
hallway
eating area
kitchen
pantry
overhang
Transverse Section through Kitchen and Living Room 66
Exterior Perspective Doctor’s Housing
67
Interior Perspective Doctor’s Housing
68
Interior Perspective Doctor’s Housing
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Circulation Diagrams Doctor’s Housing
Residents enter each home through the shared dining space. The design is made up of two private houses, each containing semi-private outdoor space. They share a semi-public dining space that is outdoor, yet covered.
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Operability Diagrams Doctor’s Housing
The living rooms of each home offer the possibility of opening and connecting to the shared dining space. This allows the users to control privacy and sociability.
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Comparative Data Doctor’s Housing DUPL E X
DOCT OR S’ HOUSI NG
OVERA LL
PRIVATE
SHARED
INDOOR
OUTDOOR
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Systems
Doctor’s Housing December
Rainwater Harvesting To calculate how much municipal water will be needed every year, it is important to understand the roof area, the amount of rainfall, maximum consumption per month, and maximum storage capability. The months where the resident will be using more water than collecting are May, June, July, August, September and October. The months that the tanks will be completely empty are July, August, September and October. Our calculations show that it is necessary for the house to tap into municipal lines for an estimated 45,000 liters of water per year which is 41 percent of the total water usage per year.
January 100
November
February
75 50 25
March
October -1%
Square Meter of Roof – 443sq.m Max amount of potable water used per month – 9,000 Liters Maximum storage capability – 13,200 Liters
-167%
April
September
-116%
-59%
August
May -58%
July
-99%
June
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Rainwater Site Plan
Storm water Management / Rainwater Catchment Systems 1. 2. 3. 4.
3,300L underground cistern Brick trenches Solar hot water heater Borehole and tank stand
1
2
3
4
74
Septic Site Plan
Waste / Black-water Management 1. 2. 3. 4.
Black-water piping 6,600L septic tank Distribution box Percolation piping
3
2 1
4
75
Water Systems Section
Rain Water _ Potable Water _ Grey Water _Black Water 1. Rainwater falls off roof 2. Rainfall is collected in trench and filtered through large grate 3. 3,300L underground cistern stores rainfall 4. Water is then pumped into filter
7
5. Water run through a triple filtration system 6. Water line penetrates building and follows gumpole structure 7. Water line follows the central, vertical wall to roof plane where solar hot water heater is located
8 6
10
8. Water is heated in solar hot water heater
9
9. Water follows structure back into the building above the bathroom
11
10. Water line splits for shower and sink 11. Shower line
12
1
12. Sink line 13. Greywater filter 14. Greywater used in toilets
5
15. Waste exits building
14
15
13
16. Waste to septic tank
2
16 3m
1.3m
2m
1.6m
Bedroom
Hallway
Bathroom
Overhang
3 4
76
Water Systems Plan
Rain Water _ Potable Water _ Grey Water _Black Water
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Potable Water Storage Tank Optional Structures for Tank Specifications
Decking Joists (“C� purlin) Main bearer
Girter
Brace
B
C
A
Main
D E
Tank Size
3,785 Liters
7,460 Liters
A 600mm 600mm B 1,295mm 1,752mm C 1,832mm 2,476mm D 550mm 550mm E 75mm 75mm Anchor plates
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Structural Brick Pier Bedroom: Load Bearing Condition .5 m on center corrugated metal roofing insulated sandwich panels
gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin)
softboard ceiling fixed to subframing to be painted
1m overhang
finish plaster 20mm-50mm tile floor concrete screed floor 100mm wire reinforcing
wire mesh reinforcing
damp proofing (DPM) sand blinding
garden: 0.6m edge of garden soldier course
gravel and brick rubble min 150mm thick
trench: 0.8m
interior wall height 35 bricks 3.5m
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Brick Wall with Transom Jalousie Bedroom: Non-Load Bearing Condition
corrugated metal roofing insulated sandwich panels bug screening at roof cavity 2x8 blocking gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin)
1m overhang
bug screening behind vent operable louver
garden: 0.6m edge of garden soldier course trench: 0.8m
interior wall height 35 bricks 3.5m
80
Window Type 1 and Transom Jalousie Bedroom: Non-Load Bearing Condition
corrugated metal roofing insulated sandwich panels bug screening at roof cavity 2x8 blocking gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin)
bug screening behind vent operable louver 3m overhang
925mm steel window frame leveling grout brick drip shelf rowlock
garden: 2.7m edge of garden soldier course trench: 0.8m
interior wall height 28 bricks 3m
81
Floor to Ceiling Brick
Living Room: Non-Load Bearing Condition
roof tie corrugated metal roofing insulated sandwich panels bug screening at roof cavity 2x8 blocking gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin)
aluminum gutter 2m overhang
garden: 1.8m edge of garden soldier course
interior wall height 28 bricks 3m
82
Window Type 2 with Transom Jalousie Living Room: Non-Load Bearing Wall
corrugated metal roofing insulated sandwich panels bug screening at roof cavity 2x8 blocking gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin)
bug screening behind vent operable louver 3m overhang
1,500mm steel window frame leveling grout brick drip shelf rowlock
garden: 2.7m edge of garden soldier course trench: 0.8m
interior wall height 28 bricks 3m
83
French Doors
Shared Space to Living Room Threshold
Gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin) French doors
Corrugated metal roofing insulated sandwich panels 2x2 timber framing (purlin) Gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin) Soft-board ceiling fixed to subframing to be painted Concrete lintel Wooden door frame
84
Operable Table Aperture Kitchen and Central Space Interaction
Gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin)
Corrugated metal roofing insulated sandwich panels 2x2 timber framing (purlin)
Slatted wooden panel
Gum pole 100mm 2x2 timber framing (purlin) Soft-board ceiling fixed to subframing to be painted Steel frame
85
Details
Foundation and 2-Wythe Wall Assembly 1. Brick Dimensions The typical brick dimension of brick is 230mm x 100mm x 70mm
3. Finish Plaster Recommended to be 20mm-50mm in thickness
2. Wire Mesh Reinforcing Recommended to be layed every fifth course
4. Mortar Joint Thickness The recommended joint thickness is 20mm
Tile floor Concrete slab Wire mesh reinforcing
Damp proofing (DPM) Sand blinding
Finish plaster 20mm-50mm
Wire mesh reinforcing
Gravel and brick rubble min 150mm thick
20cm
10cm 20cm Finishplaster plaster finish 20mm-50mm 20mm-50mm
50cm
Wire mesh wire mesh reinforcing reinforcing
86
Details
Steel Window and Door Hardware
Steel anchors secure the window frame to the wall construction
Window type 1 - 925cm height Window Type 2- 1,500cm height Glazing and silicone insert
Two-wythe brick 2 wythe brick 2 wythe brick 1 wythe brick 1 wythe brick concrete Concretelintel lintel concrete lintel
One-wythe brick
Steel angle
steel angle steel angle
Window sill 87
Details
Brick Pier Roof Connection
Corrugated roof / insulation Sandwich panel 100mm gumpole 2x2 nominal framing
88
Details
2-Wythe, Non-Load Bearing Wall Connection
Roof tie Corrugated roof and insulation sandwich panel
Bug screening 2x8 nominal framing
100mm gumpole 2x2 nominal framing
89
90
Student Housing
91
Student Housing Our housing proposal cuts down on size compared to the duplex, while providing compact, but functional space. One bedroom unit is for 2 people, who share a bathroom. The Communal Unit includes kitchen, dining, and lounge space that 6 people can share. We created a phasing plan suggesting that it would be cheaper in the long run for clients if they built initially one bedroom unit and one communal space. The other bedroom units could be added on over time when the client receives extra funding. This saves costs because you are not building a whole new living and kitchen space every time you build a new bedroom unit.
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Site Plan
Student Housing
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Site Axon
a. low planted gardens b. high planted gardens
Student Housing
1. outdoor community space 2. gravel patio 3. planting beds 4. pergola A. bedrooms B. bathrooms C. living room D. kitchen E. dining room
bedroom bathrooms gravel patio dining room kitchen living room pergola outdoor public space planting bed
a b
b
planting bed low planted garden high planted garden low planted garden
A B 2
B
a
E
D C 1 3
3 3
b A
4
2
3
B
3
b
B
A b
a
b
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bedroom bathrooms gravel patio dining room kitchen living room pergola outdoor public space planting bed
planting bed low planted garden high planted garden low planted garden
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Conceptualization Student Housing
Comparative Data Co-Housing: Chart Title 6 People/ Unit
Phase 3: $ 12,379.29
$ 56,302.31 Phase 2: $ 10,505.82
Phase 1: $32,867.2
Housing Community Kitchen Circulation
1
2
3
Duplex: Chart Title
4 People/ Unit
Phase 2: $22,500
$45,000
1
Phase 1: $22,500
2
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Comparative Data Student Housing DUP L E X
STUDE NTS’ HO USING
OV ERA LL
PRIVAT E
SHA RED
INDOOR
OUT DOOR
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Phasing Scheme Student Housing
Phase 1
+ 98
Phase 1
+
Phase 2 99
Phase 1
+
Phase 2
Phase 3 100
Floor Plan Student Housing
16 m2 12 m2
4 m2
22 m2
13 m2
5 m2
20 m2
*cont.
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Elevation
Student Housing
Transverse Elevation of Communal Unit
Longitudinal Elevation Bedroom and Communal Unit 102
Elevations Student Housing
Transverse Elevation of Bedroom Unit
Longitudinal Elevation Two Bedroom Units 103
Sections
Student Housing
Transverse Section of Communal Unit and Bedroom Unit
Longitudinal Section of Bedroom and Communal Unit 104
Sections
Student Housing
Longitudinal Section of Two Bedroom Units
105
Perspective
Main Corridor of Circulation
106
Perspective
Communal Living Area
107
Renderings Perspective Bedroom
Bedroom interior
Private entry bedroom
108
Perspective Private Entry
109
Perspective Back Cisterns
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Wall Section Student Housing
corrugated metal roofing 2x2 timber framing bamboo screen
gum pole purlin 100mm dia.
wood framing
brick drip shelf soldier course
gum pole post 100mm dia. 900mm high planter box soil concrete screed floor 100mm wire reinforcing damp proofing (DPM) sand blinding
standard concrete mix
gravel and brick rubble min 150mm thick
sand or ash
700mm deep concrete footing
0
100
Bamboo clerestory 111
Wall Section Student Housing
vent extraction unit
roof tie .5 m on center
corrugated metal roofing 2x2 timber framing gum pole purlin 100mm dia.
wall mounting bracket
concrete lintel window window frame leveling grout brick drip shelf soldier course
electric fan enviro loo (composting toilet)
drying plate liquid overflow valve
0
1000 mm
Composting toilet wall section 112
Wall Section
corrugated metal roofing
Student Housing
2x2 timber framing .5 m on center
gum pole purlin 100mm dia. bamboo screen dropped ceilling bug screen behind the bamboo wood framing concrete lintel bamboo pergola
gum pole post 100mm dia.
finish plaster 20-50 mm
operable window window frame
leveling grout brick drip shelf soldier course soil
concrete screed floor 100mm
900mm high planter box
wire reinforcing damp proofing (DPM) sand blinding gravel and brick rubble min 150mm thick
concrete mix
500mm deep concrete footing
Dining room wall section
0
1000 mm 113
Wall Section Student Housing
gumpole post sleeve and bolted connection rebar tie concrete
Gum Pole Detail 114
Wall Section
corrugated metal roofing 2x2 timber framing
Student Housing
wood framing bamboo screen
gum pole purlin 100mm dia.
gum pole post 100mm dia.
bamboo frame to gumpole post bolted connection
concrete screed floor 100mm wire reinforcing damp proofing (DPM) sand blinding gravel and brick rubble min 150mm thick
gumpole to concrete connection
concrete footing
0
1000 mm Front Porch Detail 115
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