Cell Therapy - Technologies, Markets and Companies

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Cell Therapy - Technologies, Markets and Companies Published on September 2011

Report Summary This report describes and evaluates cell therapy technologies and methods, which have already started to play an important role in the practice of medicine. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is replacing the old fashioned bone marrow transplants. Role of cells in drug discovery is also described. Cell therapy is bound to become a part of medical practice. Stem cells are discussed in detail in one chapter. Some light is thrown on the current controversy of embryonic sources of stem cells and comparison with adult sources. Other sources of stem cells such as the placenta, cord blood and fat removed by liposuction are also discussed. Stem cells can also be genetically modified prior to transplantation. Cell therapy technologies overlap with those of gene therapy, cancer vaccines, drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Pharmaceutical applications of stem cells including those in drug discovery are also described. Various types of cells used, methods of preparation and culture, encapsulation and genetic engineering of cells are discussed. Sources of cells, both human and animal (xenotransplantation) are discussed. Methods of delivery of cell therapy range from injections to surgical implantation using special devices. Cell therapy has applications in a large number of disorders. The most important are diseases of the nervous system and cancer which are the topics for separate chapters. Other applications include cardiac disorders (myocardial infarction and heart failure), diabetes mellitus, diseases of bones and joints, genetic disorders, and wounds of the skin and soft tissues. Regulatory and ethical issues involving cell therapy are important and are discussed. Current political debate on the use of stem cells from embryonic sources (hESCs) is also presented. Safety is an essential consideration of any new therapy and regulations for cell therapy are those for biological preparations. The cell-based markets was analyzed for 2010, and projected to 2020.The markets are analyzed according to therapeutic categories, technologies and geographical areas. The largest expansion will be in diseases of the central nervous system, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Skin and soft tissue repair as well as diabetes mellitus will be other major markets. The number of companies involved in cell therapy has increased remarkably during the past few years. More than 500 companies have been identified to be involved in cell therapy and 281 of these are profiled in part II of the report along with tabulation of 268 alliances. Of these companies, 160 are involved in stem cells. Profiles of 68 academic institutions in the US involved in cell therapy are also included in part II along with their commercial collaborations. The text is supplemented with 51 Tables and 11 Figures. The bibliography contains 1,050 selected references, which are cited in the text.

Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENTS 0. Executive Summary 23 1. Introduction to Cell Therapy 27

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>> Get this Report Now by email! Introduction 27 Historical landmarks of cell therapy 27 Interrelationship of cell therapy technologies 29 Cells and organ transplantation 29 Cells and protein/gene therapy 30 Cell therapy and regenerative medicine 31 Cells therapy and tissue engineering 31 Therapy based on cells involved in disease 32 Advantages of therapeutic use of cells 32 Cell-based drug delivery 33 Cells as vehicles for gene delivery 33 Red blood cells as vehicles for drug delivery 33 Advantages of cell-based drug delivery 33 Limitations of cell-based drug delivery 34 2. Cell Therapy Technologies 35 Introduction 35 Cell types used for therapy 35 Sources of cells 35 Xenografts 36 Cell lines 36 Immortalized cells 36 Blood component therapy 36 Therapeutic apheresis 36 Leukoreduction 37 Platelet therapy 37 Basic technologies for cell therapy 38 Cell culture 38 Observation of stem cell growth and viability 38 Companies involved in cell culture 39 Cell sorting 40 Flow cytometry 40 A dielectrophoretic system for cell separation 41 Adult stem cell sorting by identification of surface markers 41 ALDESORTER system for isolation of stem cells 42 Dynabead technology for cell sorting 42 Molecular beacons for specific detection and isolation of stem cells 42 Multitarget magnetic activated cell sorter 43 Nanocytometry 43 Scepter' cytometer 43 Companies supplying cell sorters 43 Cell analysis 45 Cell analyzers 45 In vivo cell imaging 45 Measuring cell density 45 Single-cell gene expression analysis 46 Preservation of cells 47 Innovations in cryopreservation 47 Packaging of cells 47

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>> Get this Report Now by email! Insulin-producing cells derived from UCB stem cells 223 iPS cells for diabetes 224 Isolation of islet progenitor cells 224 Pancreatic progenitor cells Expansion in vitro 224 Pancreatic stem cells 225 Stem cell injection into portal vein of diabetic patients 225 Dendritic cell-based therapy for type 1 diabetes 226 Vaccine for diabetes 226 Gene therapy in diabetes 226 Viral vectors for gene therapy of diabetes 226 Genetically engineered dendritic cells 227 Genetically altered liver cells 227 Genetically modified stem cells 227 Companies developing cell therapy for diabetes 228 Concluding remarks about cell and gene therapy of diabetes 229 Cell therapy of gastrointestinal disorders 230 Inflammatory bowel disease 230 Cell therapy for liver disorders 230 Types of cells and methods of delivery for hepatic disorders 231 Bioartificial liver 232 Limitations of bioartificial liver 232 Stem cells for hepatic disorders 233 Deriving hepatocytes from commercially available hMSCs 234 Implantation of hepatic cells derived from hMSCs of adipose tissue 234 MSC derived molecules for reversing hepatic failure 234 Cell-based gene therapy for liver disorders 235 Transplantation of genetically modified fibroblasts 235 Transplantation of genetically modified hepatocytes 235 Intraperitoneal hepatocyte transplantation 235 Genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells 236 Use of iPSCs derived from somatic cells for liver regeneration 236 Clinical applications 236 Future prospects of cell-based therapy of hepatic disorders 237 Cell therapy of renal disorders 237 Bioartificial kidney 237 Cell-based repair for vascular access failure in renal disease 238 Mesangial cell therapy for glomerular disease 238 Stem cells for renal disease 238 Role of stem cells in renal repair 239 Bone marrow stem cells for renal disease 239 MSC therapy for renal disease 240 Cell therapy for pulmonary disorders 240 Delivery of cell therapy for pumonary disorders 240 Intratracheal injection of cells for pulmonary hypoplasia 240 Role of stem cells in pulmonary disorders 240 Lung stem cells 240 Lung tissue regeneration from stem cells 241 Role of stem cells in construction of the Cyberlung 241

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