Outlook Hindi October 2011

Page 1

$1=@JO 2011

LeD;# OZbf\M K^[L3Z 3< BbMZO\

L^EM 15

JeQ# $F^>; HZ[3JBZF\ [IEL

I<8O ,T" WZL[M3 XQ8Q 3< LZ[W3 H[23Z %(=Q]3-,L?;%O, WTM

WZC LP# FMZ KZOB JFZBa F, ,LJ\,

• UXQZ X;MZ3N? 3F Ha8\DZ OZ: • %?TZA\ 3< [WIZ[OU Wa z3Z CZ $[E$XA • OZ:JCZF 3F D75a LP H][QW 3< $[B


<<$"vWO;-B\WO DO 3F H_dQ HO>>

TV_ 3, $"3 10

+EZF W"HZD3# [TFeD LaXBZ +3ZU3# LXEFTO HaO; W"HZD3# F\QZK [L3 HOZLU_DZBZ# [TFTD;H Le&2Z ,We[W,= W"HZD3# OT\>) UZX WXZM3 W"HZD3# 5\BZ3\ 2HOEU"W W"HZD3# OZ:aU O7:F I<8O W"HZD3# %3N^Z HZOE 3Z[UT +L]4 W"TZDDZBZ# LF\VZ KEQZ / 3>LZO H"3: 9?:Z&F# [TLQ WO3ZO (%=` ?ZMOE1=O) Oe9XB 3>LZO OZM, $[FQ 3>LZO OE4N3F# Ue9OB Ie=e Wa1UF# FOQ) [JIY= (9??=; Ie=e ,9?=O), [:Ba>) 5]?BZ (8\I Ie=e$ZIO), [2K]TF [BTZO;, 9DFaU HOJ, [FOZQZ [2HZ>; ,W. O[^B (3e2x?Fa=O), :eEZ [W"X $[E3ZO; (Ie=e 9OW8_) W"HZD3<M ,1:\1M^9=T# LFe: 3>LZO W"DK_# $Q3Z 5]?BZ [J:FaW 3ZMOQM# +a[W?Q=# W]OEU WaETOZ: TZ&W +a[W?Q=# F\O: OfQ\ (W3>aQaUF) :FOQ LbFa:O# 3J\O 4hO (3gH_.), W][ILBZ 5]?BZ (FgC_.), OZ:aFTO; 8fEO; (TaJ=), JT|H OZT (JP5Q^z), LfWL\ JF:? 6eV ('J=), (LZ 3\[FTZWF (8a>F'), %Oe:3MZ OZ: (W3>aQaUF WZ(C), J\.,W. :fXO (WAW) FaUFQ XE?# 9XLNU] HN?EM ([J:FaW ?ETQHLP=), ,Qa1W :eWaI (9O=EQ), 3][B3Z D;TZF ('N? ,7? LZ3O9=75) $[JW=Q= :FOQ LbFa:O# 8aBF J]9JOZ:Z, L]3FU Q4FHZQ, :eFQ WaEW LbFa:O# $[F"DMZ JaF:?, :\. OLaU W\[FMO LbFa:O# $":\B [2TaD;, 8aBFZ Uah\, DEUOZ: :WTZQ, 5eHZQ.3F. $DMO, 3ZwB3< ;Z, 3>QD;H 3e>ZO;, H"3: WZXF\, OZ:P) 3>|H, W":M FZO75, UUN3 D;[^B, LbFa:O# %U\V $Oe&Z, $[FTF 5:aQ\, ,L. W]F\Q OZ:^ , [TFeD :eU\, +EZF 3ZMOQM# ,.J\.-10 WIDO:"5 ,>1QaT, F' 9DEQ\-110029 W"HZD3<M 3ZMOQM# ,.J\.-6 WIDO:"5 ,>1QaT, F' 9DEQ\-110029 =EQ\IeF # 46867200, IH1W # 26191420 $ZX3< 3F [Q, H^9BZ9 yourhelpline@outlookindia.com WZLZ>M H^9BZ9 queries@outlookindia.com $>M 3ZMOQM# =EQ\IeF# L]"J'# 67382222, IH1W # 67382233, 3eQ3ZBZ# 40085012, IH1W # 22823593, 8a>F'# 28582251-52, IH1W # 28582250, JP5Q^O# 25582806-07 IH1W # 25582810, XGDOZJZD# 23371144 IH1W # 23375676, W"HZD3 [TFeD LaXBZ %(=Q]3 H[AQ[U"5 (&79?MZ) +Z. [Q. 3< BOI Wa LXEFTO HaO; MZOZ DG[F3 KZJ3O (,L.H\. [+"=W_), J\-220, IFW-2, Fe,?Z-201305 ((_O +DEU) Wa L]9)B 1O ,.J\.-10 WIDO:"5 ,>1QaT, F' 9DEQ\ Wa +3Z[UBj

32. %QZ [J:FaW J3AQ %(=Q]3-,L?;%O, WTM^A

8 OZ:F\[B# KZ:HZ LP W"3=

22 WTZQ# (;W]3 JZQ3 [Q"5ZOZL

12 JXW# I8DE LP INW\

24 4e:-4JO# [WIZ9OU 3Z $WO

16 OZ:JCZF# [6OE 5XQeB

26 WTM^A # 5^"5\ 5]9&MZ,7

18 OXJM# 83Z8RE 3Z $"EaOZ

58 [FTaU# ):O J=eOFa 3< :]5B

+EZFL"2\ HD 3F (CL\DTZO 3e Qa3O 4!8BZF IQWIQ LP I8W\ INW\ D75a 1O 5]LU]D5\ 3Z JTZQ UXQZ 3< LfB HO $K\ K\ HODZ

3TO 9?:Z&F# [TFTD;H Le&2Z, 9ZMZ# W":M OZTB

$1=@JO, 2011 LZX 3F [Q, +3Z[UB

%(=Q]3 MZF\ WL$ DC[I=3eA ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 1

&7WZI 3F &7B:ZO LP ,3 %9DTZW\ 3Oe&Q 3< :L\F [JE?O 3e [LQ\

JeQFa 3F J:ZM (H[JC[B LP $GTQ L9XQZ WNWD (Le5 3F [Q, LDD 3e BbMZO :ZHZF


< KZ:HZ > 3< Be (>XQFa [TF&BZH^T_3 &F3ZO 3OBa y, LfQT\ 3F 38EQ HO H&; UgQ 0'FZ HW"D [3MZj &W ,3 HQ 3e 3HLOQ LP E&ZE& 3HD 3O [QMZ 5MZ 1O W"3= 3< &W 6&; LP L]WQLZFQ 3e %3[V_B 3OFa 3< LeD; 3< 3e[UU 3e w[FMZ 3F WL^ HQ= [DMZ 5MZj LfQT\ Fa 4]D 3F %XB XeFa 3< KZTFZ :BZ'j (>XQFa 3XZ, AXLZOE W"J3ZOQ 3F L]BZ[J3 [3W\ W"B MZOZ [3W\ [UIM 3e =eH\ DEFa 3Z LBQJ %U\TOD DEFZ XG 1O LVFa (>XQ XZ[D`3 w%0" 3F WZC =eH\ D; C\ [3 (>XQ 2002 D75a 3Z EAJZ 9=&ZFa LP WIQBZ [LQaj Qa[3F :J LVFa (>XQ =eH\ D; Be (>XQFa 5]:OZB\ LP 3X [DMZ [3 LV =eH\ FX" HXFBZj =eH\ LP (>XQ &JQZL F:O %MZ, (WLP [9H\ WDKKZTFZ (>XQ F:O FX" %'jB (>XQFa MX K\ 3XZ [3 5]:OZB 3F L]2ML"2\ &WWa HXQa [T[K>F WL]DZMQ 1O EZ[L_3 WL^XQ Wa XO BOX 3< =e[HMN JT\3ZO 3OBa 1O HXFBa OXE XWj (~BL >MZMZQM 3F %DEU 3e [UOeEZM_ LZFFa 3< UHC 4ZFa TZQa LeD; Fa $HFa (HTZW 3Z %Me:F OZI7;M JBO HO $HF\ FaB_;T ^LBZ 1O HZ=@ BCZ HZ=@ 3F JZXO $HFa +[BM7[MMQ 3e $HF\ BZ3B [D4ZFa 3F [Q, X; [3MZj H^T_ 3R);M L"2\ U"3O [W"X TZ6aQZ 3XBa XW, A:J 3FO=3 1O (_OZ4"? 3F De KZ:HZ' L]2ML"[2MQ 3e _I= %8OA 3F 3ZOA X=ZMZ :Z 8]3Z XG, [3W\ U\V_ KZ:HZ' OZI7;M FaBZ 3F _I=Z8ZO [TOeE\ $[KMZF 3e UZMD X; 3e' %DO KZT [LQ W3BZ XGjB LeD; Q"Ja WLM Wa ,3 $TWO 3< BQZU LP Caj :J %?TZA\ 3< OCMZ2Z 3< 6eVAZ 3F X75ZLa LP [3W\ Fa (F3< 0O 0MZF FX" [DMZ Be (>XQFa U\V_ $DZQB 3F IHWQa 3F JXZFa LXZ;LZ 3< UbQ\ LP B\F [DFQ 3Z (HTZW U]| 3O [DMZj LeD; 3F &W (HTZW 3Z $WO MX OXZ [3 (>XQ KZT\ +EZFL"2\ 3F |H LP HaU [3MZ :ZFa Q5Z 1O %?TZA\ 3Z FZL [3FZOE Xe 5MZj %?TZA\ Fa FZ5H]O LP MX T1BGM DE3O KQa X; +EZFL"2\ HD 3< (CL\D -TZO; Wa [3FZOZ [3MZ Xe Qa[3F TX XZO LZFFa TZQa [UJ^ WeOEF (JZ,7) 1O $:]_F L]"?Z

9ZMZ# [:BP) 5]?BZ

LeD; (HTZW 3Z BZL;ZL

B\F 9DF JZD EL_5]z0" 3< Lf:^D5\ LP (HTZW Be&Ba 5]:OZB 3F L]2ML"2\ FOQ) LeD; FX" XWj _I=Z8ZO 3F [4QZI OCMZ2Z 3F JXZFa TX OZI7;M :FBN[23 5>J"EF 3F WXMe[5MQ 3e KOeWa LP :|O QP5aj KZ:HZ 3F WZLFa K\ ,3 J&Z W"3= MX XG [3 LeD; OZI7;M :FBN[23 5>J"EF 3F 6=3 DQQ 3< HW"D FX" XG"j &W[Q, (>XQ (CL\DTZO JFZMZ :ZFZ K\ HZ=@ 3F [Q, ,3 J&Z W"3= HbDZ 3O W3BZ XGj (EO 3FO=3 LP T\,W Ma[DM]O?HZ 1O (_OZ4"? LP OLaU He4[OMZQ A[FU"3B 3e L]2ML"2\ HD Wa X=ZFa 3e L:J^O XeFa 3F JZD ;ZO4"? LP K\ KZ:HZ W"3= 3F DfO Wa 5]:O OX; XGj OZ7M LP ,3 JZO [IO WO3ZO [5OZFa-JFZFa 3< W]5J]5ZX= U]| XZa 5' XGj GfWa L]2ML"2\ $7Z]_F L]"?Z 3< WO3ZO HO +;M^ BfO HO 3Za' 4BOZ F7ZO FX" % OXZ XG, Qa[3F K\BO X; K\BO WJ 3>9 >;3 FX" 8Q OXZ XGj WO3ZO La" UZ[LQ DQZa", ;ZO4"? L][1B LZa8O, 7ZFBZ DQ (M^) 1O 2Q ;ZO4"? J=@?Q=KW M^[FMF 3F WZC-WZC KZ7ZHZ 3Z K\ ,3 E&Z W_Z H[OGZB_F 3F &W 4aQ La" UZ[LQ XGj 3MZOX WZQ La" WZB L]2ML"2\ DE4 8]3F &W OZ7M La" ,3 JZO [IO OZ7ZF\[B3 $[JCOBZ 3< 7ZL\F BbMZO 3< 7ZZ OX; XGj L]"?Z [GZOZaE\ (F3< 3ZM_ UbQ\ 9ZMZ# WeLFZC WaF Wa 4ZWa FZOZ7Z XWj MX; 3ZOA XG [3 HXQa MUGNB [W>XZ 1O [IO [F[U3NB D=Ja $HF\ X; HZ=@ 3< WO3ZO 3F [4QZI $FUF 3O 8]3F XWj WXMZa5\ DQ ;ZO4"? L][1B Le8O 3F B\F [GZEZM3 K\ K^4 X&BZQ 3O 8]3F XWj ;ZL]Le W]+\LZa [UJ^ WZaOEF OZ7M WL>GZM W[L[B 3< J=;M[O75 W[L[B 3F $0M^ 7Z|O XW, Qa[3F (F3F HZW J=;M[O75 FX" XGj [5OBa JGZZJ<M 3F 3ZOA K\ GZX (BFa W["M FX" XWj 10 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

● H][QW

T ,W%OH\ 3F 12 X:ZO :TZF BbFZB W\W\=;T\ 1O 35 XJB8Z[QB 3HLOQ 3< H^OE 3ZM_"L HO F:O ● %Me:F 3Z +J"EF 5]:OZB WO3ZO 3F W^8FZ [TKZ5 3F [:CLa ● H^OE OZ7M Wa Qe5Q 3e 3ZM_"L JCQ B3 QZFa 3F [Q, OZ7M H[OTXF 3< 600 JWP (HQAE ● $XLDZJZD LP F5O [F5L 3F 60 J3AQQ, 50 3gQa:Q 3F 9Z2Q 3< KZ5\DZO; 3F [FDNU ● L"8 3F H\9E JFa UMF3^ LP ?QZ7LZ =;T\ 1O WeIZ 3< GMTJCZj ,3 $JCZM\ J=@[?Me K\j ● 50

J\8-J\8 La" (F3Z 5]JWZ 7Z|O K&3BZ XG, Qa[3F D@WOE X; [DF GZX HQ= 7ZZBa XWj ;ZL]LZa 3F DZa [GZEZM3Q, 7ZZa $7Z]_F L]"?Z WO3ZO La" L"2\ K\ XW, Fa ,3-DZa $GZWOZa" HO 7Z|O 3XZ [3 &W WO3ZO 3< (& [DW"JO B3 X; XG, Qa[3F JZD La" GZa K\ 8]H XZa 5,j WO3ZO 3Z B\WOZ 6=3 7ZDM^ K\ $7Z]_F L]"?Z 3F [4QZI [GZV GZLF Wa JZ7Z FX" % OXZ XGj H^GO L"2\ W]EZ 8fEO; HZ=@ 3< 3[CB (Ha^Z 3Z OZaFZ OZa OX; XW, BZa D@WOE FaBZ JZa?`-[F5L 3Z J"=GZZOZ FX" XZaFa Wa FZOZ7Z XWj L]"?Z 3H[JFa= La" HZ=@ 3F ,3LZ2 +[B[F[E OZ7ZZ H\=O $HFa [XWZJ Wa (;HZD 1O %HDZ +J"EF [GZKZ5 8QZ OXE XWj ;ZO4"? 3F OZ7ZF\[B3 XQ3Za" La" 88O XG [3 $7Z]_F L]"?Z WO3ZO 3< (Q=; [5FB\ U]| XZa 5' XGj ;ZO4"? [GZ3ZW LZa8O 3F $0M^ 1O OZ7M 3F HXQa L]2ML"2\ JZJ^QZQ LON?; 3XBa XW [3 $7Z]_F L]"?Z WO3ZO $HFa X; 7ZZQ La" I8W 5' XGj &W3F [DF $J [5FB\ 3F OX 5, XWj [GZEZFWKZ La" [GZH^ 3F FaBZ OZ7Za") +WZD [W"X 3XBa XW [3 $7Z]_F L]"?Z WO3ZO Fa ,3 WZQ B3 3FGZQ $HF\ OZ7ZF\[B3 OZa=; Wa"3<j OZ7M 3F [GZ3ZW 3F [Q, &WFa 3Za' 3ZL FX" [3MZj &W[Q, &W WO3ZO 3Za X=FZ X; XZa5Zj ● WZC LP ON8\ Wa UZ[QF\ LXQ)


< H2 > X; MX We8FZ 8Z[X, [3 (WFa 3J^Q 3O [QMZ XG Be TX W~Z Xe 5MZ XGj XO &7WZF LP ,3 UbBZF 1O XO UbBZF LP ,3 &7WZF XeBZ XGj Qa[3F OZ:F\[Be UZMD [WIa $HFa JZOE LP We8Ba XWj

[:W GM[1B 3e $HFa [3, HO TZ3' U[LbD5\ XeB\ XG TX (W3F 8aXOE Wa K\ ;Q3B\ XGj $5O (WFa LZF [QMZ [3 TX W"WD LP XLQa 3Z DeV\ XG Be (W3< HbOT\ 3OFZ [JE3>Q WX; FX" XGj INW\ Be (Wa DEF\ X; 8Z[X,j

X:ZO;JZ5, ;ZO4"?

[T:MTZ&Z, %"! +DEU

D;H3 3>LZO [W"X

LZI< 3F [Q, 3J^QFZLZ

%B"3TZD; MZ &7WZF

%(=Q]3 [WB"JO LZX 3F $"3 LP $I:Q 5]z 3< 3XZF\, :aQO 3< :]JZF\ H';j $I:Q Fa KQa X; LZF [QMZ Xe [3 TX 5]FX5ZO XG, Qa[3F 1MZ [WIa &WWa (W3Z $HOZE 4;L Xe :ZBZ XG? (W3Z MX 3J^QFZLZ 3X" F 3X" :aQ LP [JBZ, WZB-%> WZQ 3F $XWZW HO Xe5Zj Xe W3BZ XG (WFa We8Z Xe [3 [:W :aXZD 3< JZB 3O TX Ja5]FZXQ 3Z 4^F JXZFZ 8ZXBZ XG TX >;3 FX"j JZB :e K\ Xe Qa[3F KZOB 3< :FBZ &7WZI 8ZXB\ XGj Te= 3< OZ:F\[B HO (F Qe5Q 3< 3>JOF\ >Mf9ZTO FX" 3OF\ 8Z[X,, [:>XQFa DEU 3< 5[OLZ 3< O^Z 3<j (W3F 3J^QFZLa 3e &BF\ %WZF\ Wa FX" [QMZ :ZFZ 8Z[X,j F

$I:Q 3F 3J^QFZLa 3< 3XZF\ H';j DEU $I:Q 3< INW\ HO De KZ5Q LP J"= 5MZ XGj 1MZ MX >;3 XG [3 3e' GM[1B $HOZE 3J^Q Qa MZ W:Z 3F [Q, Q"JZ T1B 5]:ZO Qa Be (Wa LZI 3O DEFZ 8Z[X,? Xe W3BZ XG &BFa WZQ :aQ LP H[OTZO Wa vO OX 3O (W3Z LF WZI Xe 5MZ Xej Qa[3F (WFa :e $HOZE HXQa [3, XW (F 5]FZXQ 3Z 1MZ Xe5Z? [:F H[OTZOQ 3F Qe5 W"WD XLQa LP UX;D y, XW (F3F DD` 3F JZOE LP 3fF We8a5Z?

T_"DZ 3>Q3A? H]Aa, LXZOZI7

3J^QZ Be 1MZ 3OQ

[WB"JO 3F $"3 LP $I:Q 3< [5OXQ 4]Q!j ,3 :aQO Fa (W3F WZC [DF [JBZ, 1O We8Z [3 TX Fa3 &7WZF XGj TX Fa3 XeBZ Be (W3Z -WZ X7WBa y, Ie=e F XeBZ :e Qa4 3F WZC XGj

H]OJ3DB H2 3aA\# [F"D3 [FMOE UADQ 3Z _L 3J B3 W]XEQ TX;D 3Z Qa4, A1MZ =@=E5Z WZLZ[:3 &7:\[FM[O75 3Z _LB Qa4 H' 3O Q5Z [3 (>XQFa $HF\ J]9J 3e vWOE 3< 3ZLMZJ\ 3F WXZOE 9e& [DMZ XGj HXQ\ JZB Be MX [3 WZLZ[:3 &7:\[FM[O75 1MZ WLZ:UZJ2 Wa JT\3DB UAD XG, [:W3Z +Me5 (>XQFa $"EZF]3OA 3F [XWZJ Wa 3O [DMZ XGj (_O +DEU 3F [H9Qa [TEZFWKZ 8]FZT LP MX UAD L\[?MZ Fa JTM" LZMZTB\ 3< 3ZLMZJ\ 3F IQJT|H 5'Z CZj LZMZTB\ Fa 'ZLLA 1O $>M T5_ 3e LF] 3< [J5&; y' W"BZF 3X 3O $HFZ HXQZ 8]FZT %"Ja?3O 3< $F]MZM\ JBZ 3O :\BZ CZj JZD LP TX; 'ZLLA 1O $>M T5_ $5Qa 8]FZTQ LP WeUQ &7:\[FM[O75 3Z [XJWZ JF 5,j 1MZ $59Z F Xe [3 UADQ 3F _L

H\.H^:Z

W"B][QB Qa4

A:F LZFW 3Z La6 5:_FB H'Zj $:AZ Fa :e $Q4 :5Z' (W3F %5a WO3ZO 3e ;]3FZ X; H&Zj &W -[BXZ[W3 :\B HO OT\>) UZX Fa JyB X; W"B][QB Qa4 [Q4Z XGj $J $59Z Xe [3 WO3ZO K\ &BF\ X; W"B][QB 3ZM_TZX; 3O (F QZ4Q Qe5Q 3< LF 3< JZB WL;a :e $:AZ Fa JyB HXQa X; WL; Q\ XGj WZC X; [WB"JO $"3 LP $F]: Q5]F 3< 3[TBZ H';j UZFDZO 3[TBZ 3F [Q, E>MTZDj

DEUJ"E]

(_L F5O, F' 9DEQ\

&79?MZ K\ W&3 HO

$1WO F' H\'; 3e 3eWFa TZQa (>XQ GM"3M LP A&7[?MFB 3XBa XWj 1MQ[3 Ta J]:]5U 3< BOX KZOB\M 3XQZFa LP W"3e8 3OBa XWj [WB"JO $"3 LP A:F LZFW 3Z La6 5:_FB H' 3O Q5Z [3 KZOB\M 3F WZC A&7[?MFB K\ W&3 HO (BO %, Caj MX DE4 3O MX Be

:ZQ LP ,3 BOX 3Z [B[QJL F HbDZ [3MZ :Z,j

[U+Z

;]";]F^", OZ:JCZF

3aA\# W]O LP W]O OZ5-JaOZ5 %(=Q]3 [WB"JO $"3 LP vODU_F 1O %3ZUTZA\ LP [TTZD HO 5\BZ3\ 3< [OHe=` H' 3O Q5Z [3 DEU LP 3e' [TKZ5 [TTZDQ Wa $9@BZ FX" XGj vODU_F ,T" %3ZUTZA\ LP XLaUZ )78a HDQ HO $HFQ 3< KB? 3< :ZB\ XGj -WZ UZMD &W[Q, [3 WO3ZO $HFa H^ 3F Qe5Q 3e X; TXN O4FZ 8ZXB\ Xej +WZO KZOB\ 3< $0M^ L_AZQ HN?E 3Z ;]3ZT K\ WO3ZO 3< 0O XG :J[3 +WZO KZOB\ JTB"2 ,:PW\ XeF\ 8Z[X,j :J -W\ 3XZ[FMN WZT_:[F3 |H Wa JZXO %B\ XW Be J]OZ Q5BZ XGj $J K\ J&Z :FWL^X XG :e &F DNT-Ha8Q 3e FX" :ZFBZ 1O %"4 L^"D 3O WO3ZO HO [TFTZW 3OBZ

2 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

WZ[JB Xe X; 5MZ [3 5NE\ :\ 3F W;MZ$X 3Z +KZT %: K\ XGj D[^A $,<3Z LP 105 WZQ HXQa L5FQZQ 5NE\ Fa 5NE\ :\ 3e WDK%$X UAD [DMZ CZj [:W3Z $C_ XG, $59E 3ZM_j [:Wa 5NE\ :\ Fa W]EZO 3O W;MZ$X 3O [DMZ CZj $J MX W;M 3Z %$X 3XN Qa :Z,5Z, MX DE4Fa TZQ\ JZB XGj

$Ue3 LEXe2Z

OZ:Z 5Z?`F, F' 9DEQ\

WN8 3e F %"8

WZ[X;M-W"J3D[B LP [WB"JO $"3 LP $W5O T:ZXB WZXJ 3< X7W\ 1O FZOZ:5\ 3F WZC X7W 1O X7W 3F W"HZD3 OZ:a>) MZDT HO [3MZ 5MZ WZO5[K_B %3QF 1O $F]: Q]5]F 3< 3[TBZ0" 3F WZC IA\FTO FZC OEA] 3e MZD 3OBa y, (F3< Qa4F\ 3Z H[O8M 1O 3XZF\ 3e 9e& 3O 3>9 K\ $59Z FX" Q5Zj LX;Fa LP ,3 %(=Q]3 [F3ZQFa LP =;L 3e ,3 LZX 3Z WLM [LQBZ XGj [IO K\ H[23Z LP HBZ FX" 1MZ-1MZ JaLBQJ KO [DMZ :ZBZ XGj F\QZK [L3 :\ :e XQ8Q L8ZBa OXE XW, Q5Z [3 &W JZO XQ 8QZ OXE XWj Qa[3F (>XQ XQ 8QZFZ K\ FX" %MZj 3XN 3< JZB 3XN Wa :e& D; (>XQFaj $5O MX; XZQ OXZ Be :e %(=Q]3 WZ?BZ[X3 CZ, JZD LP LZ[W3 y% 1O $J &Wa

XGj &W[Q, 3L Wa 3L (F Qe5Q 3F [Q, X; WX; WO3ZO 3e 0MZF O4FZ 8Z9X, :3 -Wa [TTZDQ 3Z :>L FX" Xej %(=Q]3 3e $"DzF\ 4JO DEFa 3F [Q, E>MTZDj &W\ JXZFa HBZ 8QZ [3 W_Z 3F [Q, 3HWZ W"6V_ 8QBZ XGj

O75QZQ JLe9OMZ OZ:JCZF

3aA\# XZ[:O :TZJ Ma DE4e 3HWZ 4aQ KZOB\M +:ZB"2 3< [T?7JFZ DE[4,j W"WDZ;L3 +:ZB"2 +AZQ\ XeBa y, K\ W"WD 3F WDJMQ 3e WTO[E3 W"UM 3< DC[I= Wa DE4Z :Z OXZ XGj vWO; 0O $+:ZBN[23 W"JCZ,7 :bWa (~BL >MZMZQM, 8]FZT %Me5, KZOB\M WaFZ %[D 3F +[B KZOB 3F Qe5Q 3F LF LP $J K\ WCLZF XGj :J[3 Ma W"JCZ,7 $[FTO[8B XWj W]E\O LeXF W"5Q L]:@IOF5O, (_O +DEU


< H2 > UTDZX 5_X XW (F3< XZQB 3HW\ XG, MX WK\ :ZFBa XWj

QiL\ FZOZMA +EZF

EL_UZQZ 3X=, 9XLZ8Q +DEU

3>+CZ HO K\ OZ:F\[B

2bLZ[W3 3OFZ H&E5Zj

BZO3FFTO ULO

4&5H]O, H[F8L J"5ZQ

9X7D; 3< [8"BZ

[X7D; [DTW 3F $TWO HO %(=Q]3 Fa K\ %[4O $HF\ [8"BZ DUO X; D;j A9X7D; Wa 3LZ' [IO K\ (W3< [8"D;B Qa4 (W W;M 3e WZLFa QZBZ XG :e :ZFBa Be WK\ XW, Qa[3F LZFBZ 3e' FX" XGj 3>9 Qe5Q 3Z LZFFZ XG [3 H8ZW WZQ JZD [X7D;, JN3QZ, [X'^ 1O LZQZT\ :bW\ KZVZ,7 4;L Xe :Z,75\ MZ 4;L XeFa 3F 35ZO HO XQ5\j XZQN[3 &WWa WXLB XeFZ 3[>F XG [IO K\ [X7D; 3< :bW\ wD`UZ Xe OX; XG (WWa Q5BZ XG [3 3X" MX K[TIMTZA\ TZ3' W8 F Xej 7MZDZ [8"BZ &W JZB 3< XG [3 H2-H[23Z,7 K\ %:3Q [X7D; 3< [8"BZ 3F [Q, 14 [WB"JO 3Z OZJBZ DE4B\ XWj 3L Wa 3L %(=Q]3 Be J\8 LP K\ MX [8"BZ DUO W3BZ XGj

+KZB 3>LZO F' 9DEQ\

$59Z [T3EH

OZ:aU O7:F 3Z Qa4 A(HQQ Wa DZX W"J3ZOB H' 3O HBZ 8QZ [3 MX K\ DZX W"J3ZO 3Z ,3 3ZO5O BO;3Z XGj MX WJBZ K\ XG 1O &WWa HMOTOA 3e F]3WZF K\ FX" Xe5Zj :Z[XO W\ JZB XG, (HQa Q3&; 3F L]3ZJQa 3L 3ZJ_F ?Z' 21WZ&? (;W[:_B 3OBa XWj DZX W"J3ZO 3< &W F' [T[E 3e WK\ :5X $LQ LP QZFa 3Z +MZW 3OFZ 8Z[X, 1MQ[3 XO :5X [J:Q\ Be OXB\ FX" XGj 1O :XN HO [TL]B

Ja[DQ\ 3F $"B5_B LF\VZ KEQZ 3Z Qa4 A?Z3A HO 3ZF^F 3e Qa3O $&E W"5>FB H' 3O L[XQZ0" 3< wD`UZ HBZ 8Q\j MX :ZF 3O JaXD %F8M_ y% [3 [H9Qa 15 TVU LP 2500 L[XQZ0" 3< X;MZ 3O D; 5' &W3F JZT:^D ?Z3A 3ZF^F JFZFa LP DEO; Xe OX; XGj MX [WXOZ DEFa TZQ\ JZB XG [3 3e' [3W\ &7WZF 3e ?Z3A 6e[VB 3O (W3e LZO W3BZ XGj J2\ [TLU_ HO XEQZ 3OFa TZQQ 3e 1MZ MX L]KZ J2\ Wa :]&Z y% FX" Q5BZ?

H\.3F. OGFZ

3>HTZ&Z, :CL^-3FL\O

WJWa $Q5

'LZFDZO; Wa JZB 3X; :Z, Be 3' H[23Z0" 3e LaOZ 3XFZ ([8B FX" Q5a5Z, 1MQ:3 %: 3< H[23Z,7 :e 9X7D; LP [F3Q OX; XW +ZM# OZ:F\[B3 (>ZH>3, J&JeQa Qe5Q 3F (E=EH]Q=E JMZF, :IEL\ X[JBMQ 3F JeE? W\F, $X-F^2 %9D +3Z[UB 3O $HFa $ZX3Q 3e >5 OX; XWj Qa:3F %(=Q]3 Fa &F WJWa $Q5 OZJBZ $[2BMZO 3O O4Z XGj WZ9X[;M3 4JOQ, W?BO75, 3XZF\, 3[TBZ, FOL5OL, %QZ X[JBMQ Wa WZ^Z;3ZO, 3Z=@`F 1O &F WJWa J&; JZB, $59; KZVZ 3F WZC W"HZD3<M AXQ8QBj 1MZ 3XFaj XN, [WB"JO $"3 Ce&Z 3L z[83O Q5Zj :IO K\ Q]5]F 3< 3[TBZ,7 H'3O LF 3e 4]U\ y'j Q5ZBZO $59; 3XZF\-3[TBZ,7 +3Z[UB 3OFa 3F [Q, JEZ' 1O U]K3ZLFZ,7j

WfMO>U]

1O =@=Q -W\ OJLP

OJLP [3W\ 3F [Q, K\ JyB LX;TH^A_ XeB\ XWj Qa[3F $DZ-,-[:"D5\ LP AOJLP Be&; XW XLFaB H'3O JyB $59Z Q5Zj Je; (>ZFa TZQ\ L]"DOZ DET\, 75 3< (& LP HD3 :\BFa TZQ\ +3ZUe DZD; 1O :Z5O UbQ\ 3e Qe3[+M JFZFa TZQ\ JW"B\ [JI= 3Z W"6V_ 3Z[JQa BZO;I XGj H]zVQ 3F ,3Z[E3ZO 3e Be&Fa TZQ\ &F L[XQZ0" 3e FLFj

3F.?;. WeLZF\ ;ZJ]%, L0M +DEU

69&MZQ\ %"W^

%(=Q]3 3F $5JB $"3 LP A4fI 3Z 4]DOZ 4aQB 9OHe=` Fa [IO (F DD@Q\ MZDQ 3e BZ:Z 3O 9DMZ, :e XZDWQ 3F JZD Q"Ja WLM B3 :aXF LP OX3O 3OZXFa 3e L:J^O 3OB\ XWj XLZOE MXN XO XLQa 3F JZD ,3 :bWZ WO3ZO; JMZF %BZ XGj &W JZO K\ XLaUZ 3< BOX L]2ML"2\, 5_XL"2\ 1O +EZFL"2\ 3F TX; [6Wa[H=E JMZF %,j L_B3Q 1O 6ZMQQ 3e L]%T:a 3Z LOXL Q5Z 9DMZ 5MZj &F3F JMZF %"W^ 3L HQ9Ba XW, FL3 7MZDZ Q5ZBa XWj

4&5H]O, H[F8L J"5ZQ

JDQ 5, K5TZF

,3 :ZLZFZ CZ :J ?g1=OQ 3e K5TZF WL;Z :ZBZ CZj Qa[3F JDQBa WLM LP QZQ8 1O [FI>=OBZ 3F 3ZOA &>XQ MLOZ: 3XFZ 7MZDZ >;3 Xe5Zj [WB"JO $"3 LP [DMZ Qa4 A$J 3XN :Z,7 LO;: &QZ: 3F [Q,B H' 3O Be -WZ Q5Z LZFe ?g1=O; HaUZ $J 5Q\ LP LNW 3Z GMZHZO 3OFa TZQa 3WZ&MQ 3< BOX Xe 5MZ XGj 3>9 ?g1=OQ Fa 8"D zHMa 3F [Q, $HFZ 'LZF [5OT\ O4 [DMZ XGj -Wa ?g1=OQ 3e 3&; Wa 3&; W:Z D; :ZF\ 8Z[X, BZ[3 3e' 1O -W\ [6FfF\ XO3B

%Qe3 3f[U3 Ja5^WOZM, [JXZO

4 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

3OFa 3< [XCLB 3OFa Wa 5]OE: 3OEj

$L_BZ HN?EM 9DEQ\

UZFDZO O8FZ

M]TZ +[B[I>B 3[T $F]: Q]5]F 3< WL3ZQ\F DEU 3R9)B $+3Z[UB O8FZ,7 H'3O LF +W>F Xe 5MZj B\F Q6] 3[TBZ0" LP 3[T MZOZ T\O OW LP ?@Ja ,3 DEUK1B [WHZX; 3< W\LZ HZO EE3Ba 5eQQ 3F J\8 :eU 3F WZC J"v3 CZLa JZQ"<&Z-W\ I>B? O4 Q]'3Ba, OQ5Ba 9D4ZFZ BCZ OZI7 O^Z LZFW 3F WZC UZWF 3F :2L 9D4ZFZ JyB LZwL3 [82A OXZj &WWa 9DQ BZO-BZO y%j XZ[UMa LP OX OX; 3[BHM %9DL :Z[BMQ 3F (JZO-(>FMF 3F +MZW (HONB DEU LP QZQI<BZUZX; :[FB (;H\&F 3F (DZXOA 9D4Ba OXE XWj :Q, :"5Q, :L\F 3< O^Z 3OBa :^;Ba [WHZX; DEU 3F [Q, 9DQ ,T" DEX WLwHB 3O :"5 :\BBa XW, Qa:3F WIFD 3Z5:Q 3F :ZQ ,T" FZ59O3 [FMLQ 3< :9=QBZ Fa (F T\OQ 3e W]O[^B OXBa K\ :\[TB 3XN 9e&Z? KZOB\M [WHZ9XMQ 3F :]F^F ,T" 3[T 3< +[BKZ 3Z %KZOj AOJLP Be&; XW XLFaB U\V_3 Qa4 H'3O L:Z %MZ 1O LF 5XOZ&MQ 3e 9@ 5MZj IA\FTOFZC OEA] 3< O8FZ WOZXF\M Q5\j

:\.,W 5XQeB :MH]O, OZ:JCZF

$59; [8i\ [Q4P

XO JZO XLP $HFa HZ>3Q 3F @EO WZOE H2 [LQBa XWj H2Q 3< [T[TEBZ DE4 BM [3MZ 5MZ [3 B\F 3a[AMQ, AXZ[:O :TZJB, AW]O LP W]OB 1O A[F"D3 [FMOEB LP ,3-,3 H2 3e H]OJ3DB [3MZ :Z,5Zj XZ[:O :TZJ H2 TX Xe5Z :e L]KE HO 8]=;Q\ JZB 3XE 1O W]O LP W]O %(=Q]3 =;L 3e WXQZBa y, XfWQZ J'Z,j [F"D3 [FMOE 3aA\ LP XLZO; W"HZD3<M WZL[$MQ HO W"B][QB WLZQe8FZ TZQa H2Q 3Z JTZ5B [3MZ :Z,5Zj -W"HZD3


< -B\WO XQ8Q >

F\[B5B W:_O; FX" Be [WMZW\ %IB 3N

F\QZK [L3

$aW, W"M]1B +5[BU\Q 5>J"EF 1O &F3F FaB_;T TZQ\ 3R) WO3ZO 3F W"JCZFQ LP 8Z3A [F3QFa U]| Xe 5, XWj 8Z3A F\[B5B 5&J[&MQ 3< W:_O; 3F [Q, [F3QP Be J['MZ Qa[3F %HW\ [WMZW\ 4^" OE:\ 3F [Q, [F3QP Be WO3ZO 3F [Q, :ZFQaTZj Ma 8Z3A 1MZ 3OBa XW, MX Be K[TIM JBZ,5Z, Qa[3F WO3ZO 3F F\[B5B MZ[F OZ:EL_ LP 5&J&;ZQa Be WZI [D4 OXE XWj HXQa WZF HO 8'E 8Z3>0" 3< B@B\Uj [JE3>Q XZQ 3F B\F (DZXOA QPj &W TV_ 25 LZ8_ 3e [T_ L"2\ +AT L]4:? 3< $F]L[B Wa [T_ L"2ZQM 3F ,3 $[E3ZO; Fa +EZFL"2\ 3ZMOQM 3e ,3 H2 Ka:Z CZj H2 3F $F]WZO $J 5_XL"2\ 1O L]4:? 3F H^T_ [T_ L"2\ H\. [8D7JOL 8ZXBa Be 2:\ JHa17L 6e=ZQZ Oe3 W3Ba Caj (F3F $E\F [T_ L"2ZQM 2007 3F U]z%B\ LX;FQ B3 JHa17L 3< F\QZL\ HO :eO DE OXZ CZ Qa[3F JZD LP @;QZ H& 5MZj XZQN[3 OZ:F\[B3 3ZOAQ Wa +EZFL"2\ LFLeXF [W"X 1O 3N$aW HZ=@ 3F 3' FaBZ0" Fa [8D7JOL 3e WZT_:[F3 BfO HO %FTJB [3MZ XG Qa[3F &W +3OA Wa JHI= XG [3 2:\ LZLQa LP [8D7JOL 3F $E\F [T_ L"2ZQM 3< K^[L3Z Wa TB_LZF [T_ L"2\ +AT L]4:? W"B]I= FX" XWj H2 3>9 LZX H]OZFZ XG, XZQN[3 W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO %TaDF 3F :[OMa $K\ WZLFa %MZ XG 1O &Wa W]'L:ML JTZL\ Fa W]+\L 3e=` LP [8D7JOL 3F [4QZI HaU [3MZ XGj [8D7JOL HO %HOZ[E3 LZLQZ JFBZ XG MZ FX", MX Be WTe_~ >MZMZQM BM 3OE5Z Qa[3F +3OA LP +AT L]4:? 3Z WZO5[K_B LfF JBZBZ XG [3 (F3Z OZ:F\[B3 8Z3A [8D7JOL 3< 0O BFZ XGj vWOZ (DZXOA Ke:F 3F $[E3ZO LZLQa LP W]+\L 3e=` LP 5O;J\ OE4Z HO XZQ X; LP DZ[4Q Me:FZ %Me5 3F XQIFZLa 3F 5&J&;ZQa 3Z XGj &W XQIFZLa LP UXO LP 32 zHMa +[B[DF MZ[F 965 zHMa +[BLZX 1O 5NTQ LP 26 zHMa +[B[DF MZ[F 781 zHMa +[BLZX B3 48_ 3OFa TZQa 3e X; 5O;J LZFZ 5MZ XGj $COB 8ZTQ HO B\F zHMa 1O 5a$ HO De zHMa +[B[DF 48_ 3OFa TZQZ GM[1B X; 5O;J XGj &W DZL LP ,3 GM[1B 3e [WIa 136 $ZL 8ZTQ 1O 166 $ZL 5a$ X; [LQ W3BZ XGj &W\ BOX DZQ HO +[B[DF ,3 zHMZ 48_ 3OFa TZQZ GM[1B 5O;J LZFZ :Z,5Z, [:BFa LP [WIa 20 $ZL DZQ %,5\j W[A:MQ 3Z LZLQZ K\ -WZ X; JaB]3Z XG [:F HO 1.8 zHMa +[B[DF 48_ 3OFa TZQa GM[1B 3e 5O;J 3XZ :Z,5Zj vE HO 2.3 zHMa 48_ 3OFa TZQZ GM[1B [FE_F 3XQZ,5Zj &W 3<LB HO [WIa 85 [LQ\Q\=O vE [LQ W3BZ XGj H^OE LX;Fa LP %H 112 zHMa &cEF HO 48_ 3OQ Be X; 5O;J

$HFa vWOE 3ZM_3ZQ LP LFLeXF [W"X WO3ZO LP OZ:F\[B3 DC[I= 1O W"TZD 3Z 6eO $KZT XGj WO3ZO 3F [T[K>F [TKZ5 1O $"5 $HFa H^TO$XQ 3F $F]WZO ,3BOIZ IHWQQ 1O HXQ3DL\ 3F +[B z;ZF [D4ZBa XWj

6 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

LZFa :Z,75aj Ma WJ %"3&E UXO LP OXFa TZQQ 3F [Q, XW :XN 49 zHMa LX;Fa LP 3e' L3ZF [3OZMa 1O %TZ5LF 3Z 48_ 3O3F Be [D4Z DEj Qa[3F &F LDQ LP :e 50 zHMa K\ 48_ 3O DE5Z TX 5O;J FX" LZFZ :Z,5Zj UXO LP [U^Z HO 99 HbWa +[B[DF Wa 7MZDZ 48_ 3OQ Be 5O;J FX" OXQ5a 1O WaXB HO +[BLZX 39.70 zHMa Wa 7MZDZ 48_ [3MZ Be K\ 5O;J FX" LZFa :Z,75aj MX XZJMZJHD XQIFZLZ $WQ LP H^O; :FBZ 3e 4ZL W]O^Z DEFa HO Le=Z 48_ 3OFa 3F J:ZM 3L 48_ LP 4ZL W]O^Z 3< 4ZFZH^[B_ 3F &OZDE Wa [DMZ 5MZ XGj &W XZJMZJHD %"3&EJZ:\ 3e F [WIa L\[?MZ 1O WZLZ[:3 3ZM_3BO0" 3< %Qe8FZ ;aQF\ H&; J[E3 LFLeXF [W"X 3F L"[2L"?Q, 3N$aW HZ=@ BCZ Me:FZ %Me5 B3 LP B^IZF L8 5MZj XQIFZLa 3F [4QZI O^Z L"2\ ,. 3F. ,7=F\ Fa +EZFL"2\ 3e H2 [Q4Z, $ZL\A [T3ZW L"2\ :MOZL OLaU Fa Me:FZ %Me5 Wa $HFa %"3&Q HO H]F[T_8ZO 3OFa 3F [Q, 3XZ 1O Me:FZ %Me5 B3 3F De WDJMQ [L[XO UZX ,T" $[K[:B WaF Fa W"TZDDZBZ WCLaQF J]QZ3O %Me5 3F XQIFZLa 3e %&E XZCQ [QMZj (>XQFa De =@3 UADQ LP 3XZ, AMe:FZ %Me5 Fa W]+\L 3e=` 3F &W WTZQ 3Z :TZJ X; FX" [DMZ [3 5O;J\ OE4Z 3< 3e' W\LZ JNEF\ K\ 8Z[X, MZ FX"jB &W $"D|F\ ;";ZTZB 3F JZT:^D 1MZ TB_LZF 3R);M UZWF 3Z MX 5&J&;ZQZ :ZO; OXE5Z? B\WOZ TZ3MZ# JN3QZDEU Wa B\JBZ :Q J"=TZOE 3F +JBZ[TB WL;fBa Wa FZOZ: LLBZ JF:? 3Z -F T1B HO +EZFL"2\ 3< MZ2Z LP UZ[LQ F XeFZj 4]D +EZFL"2\ 3e (F3F [3W\ WXMe5\ DQ 3F FaBZ MZOZ &WWa J&; 8e= 1MZ Xe W3B\ XG? +JBZ[TB WL;fBa LP JN3QZDEU 3e B\JBZ FD; 3Z 48 I<WD; HZF\ 1O H[F8L J"5ZQ 3e 52 I<WD; HZF\ DEFa 3Z +ZTEZF UZ[LQ CZj (_O; J"5ZQ 3F 8ZO [:QQ 3A8 [JXZO, >M^ :QHZ'5]&; BCZ (_O; 1O D[^A\ [DFZ:H]O 3< 3D[V H^O; BOX B\JBZ 3F 75 I<WD; :Q HO %EZ[OB XGj [WQ\5]&; UXO 3Z $[JB;T K\ &W\ HZF\ HO [FK_O XGj H&eW\ DEU Wa WLOW W"J"E 1O H^OE D[^A ,[UMZ 3F WZ;Z [T3ZW 3F [XB LP 3R) WO3ZO 3Z MX +JBZ[TB 3DL KQa X; WX; OXZ Xe, LLBZ JF:? 3e WLM HO [TFTZW LP FX" [QMZ 5MZj 3R);M L"[2L"?Q LP B_AL^Q 3N$aW 3F +[B[F[E [DFaU [2TaD; 3e +EZFL"2\ 3< JN3QZDEU MZ2Z 3F De [DF H^T_ X; WL;fBa 3Z 5Z@= [D4ZMZ 5MZ 1O LLBZ [JIO 5&cj H[F8L J"5ZQ 3F [XBQ 3e DE4Ba y, LLBZ JF:? 3e 3R) WO3ZO WLM HO 3>9 Tb3[EH3 %FTZWF DEB\ Be $59Z OXBZ 1O FB\:BF UZMD LLBZ %"eU 3Z OZ:F\[B3 8Z3A BZFa F [D4B!j WZI XG [3 $HFa vWOE 3ZM_3ZQ LP LFLeXF [W"X WO3ZO LP OZ:F\[B3 DC[I= 1O W"TZD 3Z 6eO $KZT XGj WO3ZO 3F [T[K>F [TKZ5 1O $"5 $HFa H^TO$XQ 3F $F]WZO ,3BOIZ IHWQQ 1O HXQ3DL\ 3F +[B z;ZF [D4ZBa XWj UZWF 3Z 5&J&;ZQZ WZI [D4 OXZ XGj $:AZ X:ZOE 3F :F Qe3HZQ %"DeQF Wa [FH=Fa LP K\ MX; 5&J&;ZQZ [D4Zj 8Z3A F\[B5B W:_O; 3F FX" XQ5a Be [WMZW\ 4^"OE:\ 3F 3ZL %,75aj ●


< KZ:HZ > 9ZMZ# [:BP) 5]]?BZ

(HTZW 3F DfOZF FOQ) LeD; 3F WZC QZQ3DIA %?TZA\

L]4O y, LeD;, L"D %?TZA\ OZbf\M FaB_;T 3< DZTaDZO; 3F JZT:^D 5]:OZB L]2ML"2\ 3< OZX LP 3' Oe&E 3>LZO H"3: ,T" %O.3F.[L3Z

FZ

5H]O LP OZI7;M JTM"WaT3 W"6 +L]4 Wa L]QZ3ZB 3F JZD KZOB\M :FBZ HZ=@ 3F T9OI> FaBZ QZQ3DIA %?TZA\ :J JZXO [F3Qa Be LF 3>9 Je[;Q CZj &W[Q, J];a LF Wa X; (>XQFa 3XZ [3 W"6, HZ=@ 1O DEU Fa (>XQ +EZFL"2\ HD Wa 7MZDZ [DMZ XGj %?TZA\ 3F &W JMZF Wa MX WZI Xe 5MZ [3 XG [3 W"6 $J (>XQ +EZFL"2\ HD 3F (CL\DTZO 3F BfO HO FX" DE4FZ 8ZXBZ 1O &W\ 3F WZC 5]:OZB 3F L]2ML"2\ FOQ) LeD;, Qe3WKZ LP [TH^ 3< FaBZ W]VLZ JTOZ: 1O OZ7MWKZ LP [TH^ 3F FaBZ $zA :a=Q\ 3< 0O WJ3< [F5ZXQ [=3 5' XG"j XZQN[3 LeD; 3F (HTZW 3F DfOZF W"6 Fa (F3Z [:BFZ 5]A5ZF [3MZ (BFZ %?TZA\ 3Z K\ FX" y%j Qa[3F W"6 +EZFL"2\ HD 3F KZ:HZ' (CL\DTZO 3F FZL HO [3FZOZ [3, y, XWj W"6 +T1BZ OZL

LZET 3XBa XW [3 +EZFL"2\ HD 3F (CL\DTZO 3Z LZLQZ KZ:HZ 3Z XG 1O 3>9 K\ BM KZ:HZ X; 3OE5\j Qa[3F LeD; 3e KZT\ +EZFL"2\ 3F |H LP HaU [3MZ :ZFa Q5Z XGj KZ:HZ $K\ &W HO 3>9 4]Q3O JeQFa 3e BbMZO FX" XG Qa[3F HZ=@ 3F $"DO MX 88O U]| Xe 5' XG [3 +EZFL"2\ HD 3< Df& Wa %?TZA\ $Q5 XWj $J KZ:HZ F, FaB_;T 3< BQZU LP XGj &WLP FOQ) LeD; 3< DZTaDZO; WJWa L]4O XGj [TFT [X7v H[OVD 3F $"BOOI7;M $0M^ $Ue3 [W"6Q Fa Be MXN B3 3X [DMZ [3 DEU 3e LeD; Wa JyB (CL\DE" XWj 5]:OZB D75Q LP 4ZW3O ,XWZF :ZIO; 3< X;MZ LP [TUaV :N8 =;L 1O >MZM[L2 OZ:^ OZL8")F 3< [OHe=` 3F %EZO HO FOQ) LeD; 3e $[KM]1B JFZFa MZ F JFZFa 3Z IHWQZ [F8Q\ $DZQB HO 9e&Fa 3F W]+\L 3e=` 3F %DEU 3< 1Q\F [8= 3F |H LP W"[D3E GMZ2MZ 3F WZC $EHW"2M3 WL]DZM 3< JT\3ZM_BZ XZ[WQ 3OFa 3F [Q, HN8 [WBZOZ UbQ\ LP $FUF 3OFa 3Z JTN5 8 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

3OFa TZQa LeD; Fa %5ZL\ Qe3WKZ 8]FZT LP +EZFL"2\ HD 3F DZTaDZO 3F BfO HO U[1B +DU_F K\ [3MZj $F]LZF XG [3 5]:OZB [TFT[TLZQM 3F $"BOOI7;M WKZ5ZO 3R) LP %Me[:B (F3F 57 6"=E 3F WDKKZTFZ (HTZW HO 9X 3Oe& 3< %JZD; TZQa &W OZ7M 3e 50 3Oe& Wa 100 3Oe& zHMa B3 3Z 48_ TXF 3OFZ H&Z Xe5Zj OZI7[XB ,T" %;LU][J 3F FZL HO &W (H"L 3F +8ZO-+WZO 3F [Q, DEU 3F B3O;JF WK\ OZI7;M 1O JCZF\M KZVZ0" 3F $4JZOQ LP De [DF Wa 7MZDZ WLM B3 Q5ZBZO H^OE H>Fa 3F [TeZHF [D, 5,j +DEU KO Wa X:ZOQ Qe5Q 3e QZMZ 5MZ 1O (F3F [Q, L]@B JW WaTZ 3F $QZTZ Ke:F 3< GMTJCZ 3< 5'j &W 48?Qa %Me:F Wa (F3F :FW"H3a $[KMZF 3F [Q, [TUaV |H Wa %L"[2B W^I< T"U 3F ,3 LfQT\ 3e 3>9 +Z?B FX" y%j 3HOZ [:Qa 3F BZWOZ Wa %, &LZL\ UZX; WbMD L"8 HO %, 1O LeD; 3e $HF\ =eH\ (BZO3O HXFZFa 3< 3e[UU


< JXW >

I8DE LP

INW\

>MZMZQM 3F 5[QMZOQ Wa JZXO L_;M]D7? 3F H^ 1O [TH^ LP 5XOZB\ JXW LF\VZ KEQZ

OZ

I7H[B Fa INW\ 3< W:Z HZ, OZ:\T 5NE\ 3< X;MZ 3F B\F V?3"23BO0" 1O L[F"DO:\B [W"X [JhZ HO JL XLQa 3F DeV\ 4Z[QJBZF\ %B"3< D[T"DO [W"X K]EQO 3< DMZ MZ[83Z 1MZ 4Z[O: 3< [3 L_;M]D7? H^EOQ 1O &W3< L]4ZQIB 3OFa TZQa >MZM[TDQ ,T" LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>FQ 3F J\8 >MZMZQM Wa JZXO DQ\QQ 3< JXW U]| Xe 5'j INW\ [TOeE\ >MZM[TDQ ,T" LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>FQ 3< DQ\Q XG [3 WLZ: Wa $HOZE 4;L 3OFa 3F [Q, :|O; FX" [3 $HOZE\ 3e 4;L [3MZ :Z, 1MQ[3 6]=-6]= 3O (& 3HD, LfB Wa K\ J&; W:Z XG Be vWOE H^ 3Z B3a XG [3 $HOZE\ 3e L_;M]D7? &W[Q, [DMZ :Z, BZ[3 3e' 1O TbW\ 5]JBZ4\ F 3OEj 5B 12 $5JB 3e OZI7H[B +[BKZ DET\ [W"X HZ[=Q Fa H^T_ +EZFL"2\ OZ:\T 5NE\ 3< X;MZ 3F B\F V?KM"23Z[OMQ HaOZO;TQF, L]z5F, W"CF 3< DMZ MZ[83Z 4Z[O: 3O D;j &W3F JZD B[LQFZ?= LP &>XQ INW\ Wa J8ZFa HO OZ:F\[B Ba: y'j (EO 3FL\O LP W"WD HO XLQa 3F DeV\ $I:Q 5]z 1O H":ZJ LP B;3ZQ\F M]TZ 3N$aW $0M^ L[F"DO:\B [W"X [J=K=Z HO XLQa 3F DeV\ %B"3< D[T"DO [W"X K]EQO 3e K\ INW\ Wa J8ZFa 3F [Q, 3TZMD U]| Xe 5'j XLQa LP [JhZ Be J8 5, Qa:3F Ff H][Q3L? LZOE 5, Caj MX Be y' INW\ HO OZ:F\[Bj Qa[3F &7WZIHOJBQ 1O LZFTBZTZ[DMQ 3Z L_;M]D7? [TOeE &W3F HOE

W:ZMZ@BZ D[T"DO [W"X K]EQO, EF":M (INW\ 3< W:Z HZ 8]3Z), $I:Q 5]z 1O L]z5F :ZBZ XGj Ta w[FMZ LP 3X" K\ L_;M]D7? 3F [TOeE\ XW BCZ [TFT LP 3' WBM 1O (>FB Qe3BN[23 DEUQ Fa $HFa MXN L_;M]D7? WLZ?B K\ 3O [DMZ XGj :J:3 (WWa $HOZE FX", $HOZE\ 3e 4;L :3MZ :ZBZ XGj (WLP JDQZT 3OFa 3< %TFM3BZ XGj $"BOOI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO W"JCZ -CFaJ=; 3< KZOB\M

M9D WO3ZO 3F HZW :EQZDQ 3< 3L\ XG Be 3>9 DEO 3F [Q, KZOB LZBZ 3< WaTZ 3Z Lf3Z XLP DE DEj L[F"DO:\B [W"X [JhZ

12 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

UZ4Z 3F H^T_ [FDEU3 L]3>Q ULO Fb[B3BZ 3F %EZO HO w[FMZ LP [3W\ 3e K\ INW\ F [D, :ZFa 3< T3ZQB 3OBa XWj (F3F $F]WZO &WWa WLZ: KZTZFZ;L3 JBO HO J"= :ZBZ XG, M[D ,3 JZO [FDTV 3e W:Z, LfB [LQ :e Be (WLP W]EZO 1O H[OTB_F 3< 5]":Z&U FX" XGj H^T_ OZ7MHZQ 5eHZQ3DIA 5NE\ Fa ,3 Qa4 LP [Q4Z [3 1940 LP [3W\ +FF 3F (_O LP LXZ;LZ 5NE\ Fa [Q4Z CZ AXN, LV INW\ 3e $[X7WZ 3F [TzJ LZFBZ $j :\TF QaFa 3Z $[E3ZO 3FTQ (Wa XG :e :\TF DE W3BZ XGj $[X7WZ 3F [T8ZOQ HO 8QFa TZQa OZ7M LP X;MZOE 3e W]EZO5_X Ka:Z :ZFZ 8Z[X, 1O (Wa 4]D W]EOFa 3Z Lfb3Z K\ [DMZ :ZFZ 8Z[X,jB 1975 LP >MZML^[B_ ,.,F OE Fa 3XZ CZ [3 [3W\ K\ D7? 3Z (KEFM $HOZE\ LP W]EZO 3OFa 3Z XeBZ XG Qa[3F INW\ ,3 -WZ D7? XG :e &W (KEFM 3e WLZ?B 3O DEBZ XGj CFaJ=; &7=OFaUFQ 1O DEU 3F FZL8\F LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>F H\H]EW M^[FMF IgO [W[TQ [QJ=@: Fa INW\ 3< W:Z HO WZ;\ [OHe=` D Q\CQ Qg=O; 3F $F]WZO


< JXW > XL %Fa TZQa %B"[3MQ 3e Oe3 W3R5a? (W3F [Q, %:\TF 3ZOZTZW J&; W:Z Xe5\j w[FMZ 3F 8ZO WJWa J&; %JZD; TZQa DEUQ 8\F, KZOB, $La[O3Z 1O &7?eFa[UMZ LP MX W:Z QZ5^ XGj w4D MX XG :3 8\F, &7?eFa[UMZ 1O HZ[3JBZF Fa &W W:Z HO Oe3 Q5ZFa 1O $"BB# &Wa 4;L 3OFa 3F W"M]1B OZI7 3F +JBZT 3F [4QZI Te= [DMZj KZOB LP INW\ 3< W:Z 3FTQ :6>MBL LZLQQ LP DEFa 3< GMTJCZ WTT~ >MZMZQM Fa 1980 LP D; C\j X;MZ, ?3HB\ 3F WZC X;MZ, OZbf 3F [4QZI M]J,J&E HbLZFa HO FU\Qa HDZCU 3F QaFDEF, %B"3TZD [TOeE\ F, 3ZF^F 3F BXB DeV\ >XOZ, Qe5 1O 2FO [3[Q"5 3e K\ &W $HOZE LP UZ[LQ 3O [QMZ 5MZ XGj $L_B JOZ& :bWa INW\ 3F $Fa3 H^EOQ 3Z LZFFZ XG [3 $5O WO3ZO DEU Wa %B"3TZD 4;L 3OE, W]O^Z +DZF 3OE Be LZI< 3Z We8Z :Z W3BZ XGj TX JBZB\ XW [3 :J XZC %B"3< 3< 5D`F HO H#8Ba XW BJ (Wa WL; %BZ XGj 3e' 9DEQ\ (~ >MZMZQM 3F JZXO y% JL ELZ3Z K\ W:Z, LfB Wa BZ3BTO 5]FX5ZO $1WO J8 [F3QBa XWj MX WLZFBZ 3F Lf[Q3 $[E3ZO 3Z XFF XGj &W3Z BZ:Z (DZXOA XG $WL 3Z Le[X7)FZCj 73 5Z&TO OXE &W 8ZQ\W TV?M GM[1B Fa 20 WZQ HXQa 5]TZXZ=; 3F 73 M^[FMF 3F W[8T XZ&Z3NB DZW 3< X;MZ 3O D; C\j &F 9DFQ TX :eOXZ= :aQ LP INW\ 3Z &7B:ZO 3O OXZ XGj Le9X7)FZC 1O %B"3< D[T"DO K]EQO 3< INW\ HO ^LZDZF MZ[83Z ,3 X; [DF 4Z[O: y' C\j L]"J' LP OZ:\T 5NE\ 3< X;MZ 3F V?KM"23ZO; L]z5F 1O Le[X7)FZC 3F T3<Q M]5 8fEO; 3Z LZFFZ XG [3 :e OZ:F\[B Wa +a[OB Xe, -W\ W:Z 4;L XeF\ 8Z[X,j 1MQ[3 INW\ -WZ :ZQZ XG [:WLP Le[X7)FZC :bWa 9e=E 3<&E I8WP5a 1O OZ:F\[B3 3ZOA Wa J&; L3[&MN [F3Q :Z,75\j 5fOBQJ XG [3 230 DEUQ LP Wa 137 DEU INW\ 3< W:Z 4;L 3O 8]3F XWj 88 I<WD; INW\ $3FQa 8\F, 'OZF, HZ[3JBZF, W)D; $OJ 1O $La[O3Z LP D; :ZB\ XGj $La9O3Z 3F 3' OZ7MQ LP INW\ 3< W:Z LZI 3< :Z 8]3< XGj KZOB LP %[4O; DIZ INW\ TV_ 2004 LP 3eQ3ZBZ 3F EF":M 8=:? 3e y' C\j J\Ba 35 WZQQ Wa &W W:Z 3F [4QZI 3ZL 3O OXE LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>F H\M^W\,Q 3F OZI7;M W[8T ?g. T\. W]OEU 3XBa XW JaU3 AOZ:\T 5NE\ 3< X;MZ :6>M $HOZE CZ Qa[3F TX KZOB\M WaFZ 3< 0O Wa 3\Q"3Z' B[LQQ HO y, $;MZ8ZOQ 3Z H[OAZL C\j L]z5F, W"CF 1O HaOZO;TQF J\Ba 20 TVU Wa :aQ LP XWj (1B B\FQ $[KM]1BQ 3F T3<Q OZL:a>LQZF\ 3XBa XW ^LZ $H\Q HO IHWQZ QaFa LP 11 WZQ Q5ZFZ

$[KM]1BQ 3e LZF[W3 MZBFZ DEFa :bWZ XG, [:W3F JZD 1O W:Z :|O; FX"jB XZQ X; LP [DEQ\ JL ELZ3F LP $HFa [HBZ 3e 4e 8]3Z *VK 3XBZ XG [3 $5O Ja3W^O Qe5Q 3Z 4^F JX W3BZ XG Be 5]FX5ZO 3e INW\ 1MQ FX" XeF\ 8Z[X,? H\[&BQ 3< -W\ DQ\QQ Wa HOE ?g.T\.W]OEU 3Z 3XBa XW [3 H\[&B 3< F:O Wa >MZM FX" Xe W3BZj TX ([8B WX; HO 6_AZ 1O 5]JWa Wa KOZ XeBZ XGj W:Z W]EZOZ;L3 XeF\ 8Z[X,j H":ZJ H][QW 3< ,%':\ "Z&L $L_B JOZ& 3Z LZFFZ XG [3 -Wa Be WKZL yWbF 1O 0WZLZ [JF QZDEF 3e K\ W]EOFa 3Z Lf3Z [DMZ :ZFZ 8Z[X, CZj $L_B JOZ& %B"3TZD 3F WLM H":ZJ 3F W"TaDFU\Q &QZ3Q LP BbFZB 1O W\%OH\,I LP 6Z=; LP JBfO ?;,WH\ %B"[3MQ 3F [4QZI 3' 2HOEU"W 3Z FaB_;T 3OFa TZQ\ HXQ\ L9XQZ H][QW $[E3ZO; XWj L]z5F 3F T3<Q M]5 8fEO; 3< DQ\Q XG [3 L]z5F 3e INW\ 8'Z3O XL 1MZ MX (DZXOA HaU 3OFZ 8ZXBa XW [3 3e' vWOZ -WZ 3ZL FX" 3OEj &WWa 1MZ

%B"3< 3< 5D`F HO :J XZC H#8Ba XW (Wa BJ HBZ Q5BZ XGj INW\ [JFZ $HOZE 4;L FX" Xe W3Baj $L_B JOZ&

14 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

LfB 3< W:Z WLZ?B 3O DEF\ 8Z[X,, &WWa 3e' WZLZ[:3 H[OTB_F FX" XeBZ XGj >MZML^wB T\.,F. 4OE

vWOZ TbWZ F 3OE &W[Q, INW\ D; X; :ZF\ 8Z[X,j B;3ZQ\F M]TZ 3N$aW $0M^ L[F"DO:\B [W"X [JhZ Be &BFa 4IZ XW 3XBa XW, A$5O INW\ DEFa 3F [Q, WO3ZO 3e :EQZD FX" [LQ OXE XW Be 3>9 DEO 3F [Q, XLP KZOB 3< WaTZ 3Z Lf3Z DQj &F3Z WTZQ XG [3 LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>F TZQa 3fF XeBa XW? LZOE 5, H[OTZO 1O %L %DL\ 3>9 K\ FX"jB LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>F H\M^?;%O Wa :]&E 5fBL FTQ4Z 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 INW\ wQ_KBL LZLQQ 3F BXB [D, :ZFa 3Z +ZTEZF WTT~ >MZMZQM Fa [3MZ XG Qa[3F [TUaV LZLQQ 3< JZB 3OQ Be (FLP LZLQQ 3< 9ZFJ\F X; WX; BO;3F Wa FX" y'j 8ZXE TX $UIZ3 3Z LZLQZ Xe MZ $I:Q 5]z 3Zj LfB 3F JDQa LfB Be JJ_OBZ XGj JDQZ &7WZI FX" Xe W3BZ (& 3HD 5]FZX 3< 7MZDZ J&; W:Z XGj LfB 3F JDQa LfB 3< F\[B FX" XeF\ 8Z9X,j De[VMQ 3e W2B Wa W2B W:Z [LQa Qa[3F LfB 3< FX"j XL H\9&BQ 3F LZLQa LP XL ,3BOIZ JZB 3OBa XWj H\[&B [WIa &BFZ 8ZXBZ XG [3 $WQ\ 5]FX5ZO 3e :ED Wa :ED W:Z [LQaj 5]FZX 3OFa TZQZ [:"DZ OXBZ XG 1O INW\ HO 8'BZ XG 3e' 1Oj 3WZJ 3F LZLQa LP $WQ\ 5]FX5ZO Be [:"DZ XWj :e 3WZJ 3e INW\ XeBa X; UX;D 3Z D:O DQ5aj ●


< UZWF > Ie=e# J\.,Q.3>LZTB

OZ:JCZF 3F L]2ML"2\ $HFQ 3F X; 3>6OE LP ,3 D75a 1O ,3 5]LU]D5\ Fa (&Z' WO3ZO 3< F!D

OZ

:JCZF 3F LaTZB &QZ3F 3F D75a LP H][QW IZMzO5 LP Ff $EHW"2M3Q 3< LfB 1O ,3 3H[JFa= L"2\ 3F WZC W\?; LP 3HD y' D[QB L[XQZ 3F QZHBZ XeFa Wa AW"TaDFU\QB L]2ML"2\ $Ue3 5XQeB 1O 3Z"$aW WO3ZO 3< WZ4 DZ"T HO XGj -Wa LP M[D OZ7M 3F [3W\ J?Ej FaBZ HO 5Z: [5OE Be 3e' %F8M_ FX"j L]2ML"2\ 5XQeB, :Q W"WZEF L"2\ LX;HZQ LDEOAZ 1O 5_XL"2\ UZ"[B EZO;TZQ 3< 3ZM_+AZQ\ 3e Qa3O 3N5ahW %QZ3LZF Fa $HF\ FZOZ:5\ :BZ' XGj $Ue3 5XQeB 3< 3>W? HO KQa X; 3e' %"8 F %, Qa[3F DeFQ L"[2MQ 3F [Q, HOEUZF\ 3< JZB XGj :eEH]O LP OXJMLM @75 Wa 5ZMJ y' ,,F,L FW_ K"TO; DET\ 3Z 3e' W]OZ5 FX" [LQZ XGj K"TO; 3e 5ZMJ y, 3' W?BZX J\B 8]3F XWj $HF\ J\T\ 3< BQZU LP K=3 OXE $LO8") OZ7M 3F :Q W"WZEF L"2\ LX;HZQ LDEOAZ HO W\EZ %OeH Q5Z 3O HXQa X; WFWF\ IHQZ 8]3F XW [3 LDEOAZ Fa X; (F3< H;F\ K"TO; DET\ 3Z $HXOA 3O wI3L_ [3MZ 1O X;MZ 3OZ' XGj K"TO;

5e[T"D5' LP 5eQ\ 3N? 3Z 6=FZ JCQ ()HO) K"TO; DET\ (F\8a) (W T1B 88O LP %' C\ :J (WFa DZTZ [3MZ CZ [3 (W3F HZW ,3 3H[JFa= L"2\ 3< -W\ W\?; Lf:^D XG :e OZ:F\[B LP K^8ZQ QZ W3B\ XGj 5XQeB [:W vWOE LZLQa LP [FUZFZ JFa XW TX KOBH]O [:Qa 3< 3ZLN BXW\Q 3F 5e[T"D5' 5Z"T 3Z XGj 8fDX [WB"JO 3e MXN L[J:D LP H][QW 3< 5e[QMQ 3Z [FUZFZ JFa LaT WL]DZM 3F Ff Qe5Q 3< LfB Fa 16 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

WO3ZO 3e L]W\JB LP ?ZQ [DMZ XGj OZ:F\[B3 DQQ Wa Qa3O LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>FQ B3 Fa &W3F [Q, WO3ZO 1O H][QW 3e DeV\ LZFZ XGj H\H]EW M^[FMF IgO [W[TQ [QJ=@: Fa $HF\ [OHe=` LP &W JZB 3Z 4]QZWZ [3MZ XG [3 5e[T"D5' 3Z LZXfQ [J5Z&Fa 1O D75Z IHQZFa LP OZI7;M JTM"WaT3 W"6, [TFT 9X7v H9OVD 1O J:O75 DQ :bWa W"5>F 3F FaBZ0" 3< K^[L3Z 3< K\ :N8 Xej H\M^W\,Q 3< LXZW[8T 3[TBZ 3\TZJBT 3XB\ XW, AXLZO; [8"BZ &W JZB 3e Qa3O WJWa $[E3 XG [3 3HWa H][QW Fa De WL]DZM 3F Qe5Q 3F %HW\ [TTZD LP [WIa ,3 WL]DZM [TUaV 3e [FUZFZ JFZMZjB Qa[3F KZ:HZ -Wa [3W\ K\ %OeH Wa WXLB FX" XGj KZ:HZ 3F +DEU $0M^ $zA 8B]TMD; &F %OeHQ 3e JaJ][FMZD JBZBa XWj JCZF\M +UZWF 3< HXQ HO X; KZ:HZ FaBZ JCZF\M [TEZM3 :Z[XDZ 4ZF 3F WZC TXZ" Lf:^D Caj H\M^W\,Q, KZ:HZ 1O 3Z"$aW 3< 3R);M :N8 =;L 3Z K\ %OeH XG [3 M[D WLM OXBa +UZWF 5"K\OBZ [D4ZBa y, K\& HO 3ZJ^ HZFa 3< 3e[UU 3OBZ Be Ja5]FZXQ 3< :ZF FX" :ZB\j Qa[3F H][QW Fa K\& 3e J'Fa [DMZj (EO H^OE LZLQa HO KZ:HZ K\ 4ZLeU Jb>Fa TZQ\ FX" XGj %(=Q]3 Wa JZB 3OBa y, OZ:JCZF KZ:HZ 3F $0M^ $zA 8B]TMD; $HFZ 5]JWZ JMN 3OBa XW, AXLZOE L]2ML"2\ 3F HZW [T:F 3F WZC FaB_;T 3< 3L\ XGj L]2ML"2\ 3< F Be $HFa L"[2MQ HO 3e' Q5ZL XG 1O F $[E3Z[OMQ HOj -Wa LP L]2ML"2\ 3e K\ &JB\IZ DE DEFZ 8Z[X,jB 3Z"$aW 3F +DEUZ0M^ ?g. 8")KZF Fa %(=Q]3 3e JBZMZ [3 5eHZQ5' 3< 6=FZ LP H][QW +UZWF 3< 3[LMZ" :|O OX; XW Qa[3F &W3F [Q, L]2ML"2\ 1O WO3ZO HO %OeH Q5ZFZ WX; FX" XGj KZ:HZ MZOZ L]2ML"2\ 3F &JB\IF 3< LN5 HO 8")KZF 3XBa XW, AWf Qe5eP 3e $HFa 3ZQ LP LZO ?ZQFa TZQ\ KZ:HZ [3W L]"X Wa &JB\IZ LZ"5 OX; XGjB 3Z"$aW 3< L][4MZ We[FMZ 5Z"E\ 3< 0O Wa Ka:\ 5' 3Z"$aW WZ"WDQ 3< =;L 3< [OHe=` Fa K\ 5XQeB WO3ZO 3F [Q, L]W\JB HbDZ 3O D; XGj [OHe=` LP 3XZ 5MZ XG [3 L[J:D LP $"EZE]"E 5eQ\JZO; 3F [Q, JCZF\M H][QW [:CLaDZO XGj 5XQeB WO3ZO Fa %FF-IZFF LP DeFQ 3FW W\J\%' 3e WRH 3O [TH^ 3< JeQB\ J"D 3OFa 3< 3e[UU 3< XGj 3Z"$aW 3Z HO7HOZ5B Te= JV3 OXE LaTQ 1O D[QBQ HO $;MZ8ZO HO L]2ML"2\ 3< 8]?H\ 8R3ZFa TZQ\ XGj :LZBa &JQZL\ [X7D 3F OZI7;M W[8T LeXCLD WQ\L &7:\[FMO 3XBa XW, A&F3F OZ: LP F Be $EHW"2M3 W]O[^B XW F D[QBj 3Z"$aW FaB_;T 3e F, Qe5Q 3e W_Z WRHF\ 8Z[X,jB 5XQeB Fa $HFa HXQa L]2ML"[2;T 3ZM_3ZQ LP :e L:J^B EL_[FOHa^ 9[T JFZ' C\, $J (W HO WTZQ 4&E Xe 5, XWj 5XQeB Fa [T[XH 3F FaBZ +T\A Be5[&MZ 3e [5O@BZO 3O :e W"DEU [DMZ CZ TX E^[LQ Xe OXZ XGj (F3F WZLFa J&; 8]FfB\ XG [3 TX (W\ BOX L:J^B 1O EL_[FOHa^ 9[T JFZ,7 O4 W3Rj ● %U\V


< OXJM > 9ZMZ# H_<T\OZ: [W"X

6=FZJCQ HO W\J\%' $IWO :N8 3OBa y,

83Z8RE 3Z $"EaOZ W^8FZ-$[E3ZO 3e Qa3O W:"M UXQZ 3< X;MZ Wa ,3 W"KZTFZ 3< LfB

OT\>) UZX

Q

5BZ XG [3 W^8FZ 3Z $[E3ZO(%O=;%') DE3O F WO3ZOQ 4]U XW, F $[E3ZO;j MX [FI3V_ &W[Q, K\ [3 &W 3ZF^F 3Z (HMe5 3OFa TZQa 23 Qe5 $J B3 LZOE 5, XW, F :ZFa [3BFQ 3e 8]H OXFa 3F [Q, DJZT, EL3< 1O QZQ8 3Z WXZOZ [QMZ 5MZ Xe5Zj 7MZDZBO %O=;%' 3ZM_3BO0" HO AQa3 LaQO XeFa 3F %OeH Q5Z, :Z OXE XWj BZ:Z LZLQZ KeHZQ 3< $[B W["M 1O $[B LX;TZ3N^\ UXQZ LW^D 3< X;MZ 3Z XGj %O=;%' 3ZM_3BO 3F BfO HO 4ZW\ HX8ZF JFZ QaFa TZQ\ UXQZ 3e (>X" 3F 6O 3F JZXO 4&; 3ZO

LP 3FTQ 6 &78 3< vO; Wa 5eQ\ LZO; 5' 16 $5JB 3e, [:W [DF [DEQ\ LP $:AZ X:ZOE [5O@BZO [3, 5, 1O &W\ %"DeQF 3< 3&; LP UXQZ KeHZQ 3F Je= 1QJ HO :]=; OGQ\ LP KZ5 QaFa 6O Wa JW [F3Q3O 3ZO LP Jb>; X; C\ BK\ X;MZ 3e $":ZL [DMZ 5MZj KeHZQ 3F %WLN LP UXQZ 3Z FZL-3ZL ,3 E^L3FB] 3< BOX X; (KOZ CZ 1O W_Z Wa ,3 WZC ?MZO-FIOB 3OFa 3F 3ZOA K\ TX [3W\ XD B3 [TTZD 1O %3V_A DeFQ 3Z 3R) JF 5' C!j W_Z|' KZ:HZ LP (W3F +KZTUZQ\ W"H3U 3Z XTZQZ [DMZ :ZBZ CZ Be WO3ZO 3F [4QZI Wb3&Q %O=;%' %TaDFQ 3F 3ZOA TX ,3 WZLZ[:3 3ZM_3BO 3< 18 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

XG[WMB K\ $[:_B 3OB\ 8Q\ 5&c C!j Qa[3F &W $[B LX;TZ3N^\ (&ZF 3e ,3Z,3 [TOZL DE [DMZ 5MZ 16 $5JB 3ej 1MQ 1O [3WFa [3MZ -WZ, &W3Z :TZJ KeHZQ H][QW 3e FX" [LQZ 1O $J W\J\%' K\ 3 [WB"JO Wa &W3Z :TZJ 4e: OX; XGj DO$WQ, UXQZ Fa $HF\ %"ZL3 9[T JFZ Q\ C\j (>XQFa $HFa AQg5 HO [Q4Z K\ CZ, [3 %0, :LZFZ JDQPj 1O :LZFZ JDQFa 3F [Q, ,3 %DL\ 3e $Fa3 K^[L3Z,7 ,3 WZC [FKZF\ H&B\ XWj UXQZ 3< K\ 3' K^[L3Z,7 C!, UXFZ: IZ(7?EUF 3< W[8T, L+ +e5ah[WT L][JQL L[XQZ IeOL 3< $0M^, ,F:\0 (DM 3< W[8T 1O 4]D 3< 38HF\ [LOE3Q


3< W"8ZQ3j $HF\ 38HF\ 3Z FZL [LOE3Q O43O (>XQFa $HFa &OZDE K\ WZI 3O [D, Caj 3e' 8ZO Wf Wa 7MZDZ %O=;%' UXQZ Q5Z 8]3< C\" 1O %: XOE3 %O=;%' 3Z LBQJ Xe 5MZ XG 3' Qe5Q 3e FZOZ: 3OFZ, 4ZWBfO HO W_Z-WO3ZO 1O $IWOUZX; 3ej KeHZQ LP %O=;%' 3F +B\3 LZFa :ZFa TZQa 1O &W3F [Q, A+M;FB W"JCZ 8QZFa TZQa $:M wJa %(=Q]3 Wa 3XBa XW [3 TX $E\O C\", WJ 3>9 :ED 3OFZ

8ZXB\ C\", Qa[3F (>XQFa AUaO J8Z0B $[KMZF LP JaXD (EQa4F\M 3ZL [3MZ CZj Qa[3F &UZOQ-&UZOQ LP TX MX K\ 3XBa OXE [3 ,3 BOI %O=;%' Q5ZFZ 1O vWO; BOI (W\ WO3ZO, (W\ [TKZ5 Wa >E3F QaFZ, >;3 JZB FX" XGj &W\ 3ZOA Qe5Q 3e Lf3Z [LQ :ZBZ XG MX 3XFa 3Z [3 %H $HFa QZK 3F [Q, %O=;%' 3Z (HMe5 3O OXE XWj 1MZ X;MZ LP %O=;%' 3ZM_3BO XeFZ WJWa J&Z 3ZOA Xe W3BZ XG? &W HO $:M wJa

WNWD $[FQ DTa (JZ,7) 1O [TEZM3 [TFTZW WZO75

9ZMZ# [TTa3 H=E9OMZ

9ZMZ# [TTa3 H=E9OMZ

W"6 4aLa LP BO13< Wa :Qa 9DQ XQZ LW^D 3< KZ:HZ 1O OZI7;M JTM" WaT3 W"6 U (%O,W,W) LP [DF vF\ OZB 8f5]F\ BO13< 3'

W"6 1O BZZ:HZ 3F :ZFa HX8ZFa 8aXOE BzA [T:M 3< UXQZ LW^D 3F WZC F:D;3< 3' 3ZOAQ Wa JyB Wa Qe5Q 3< %"4 3< [3O[3O; JF 5' C!j KeHZQ LP FaBZ0" 3e OZW FX" % OX; C\j UXQZ 3< JXF %,UZ Be WZI-WZI 3XB\ XW [3 KZ:HZ 3F FaBZ0" 3F WZC UXQZ KZ:HZ 3F OZ7MWKZ WNWD 3F W"H3a JZD LP [DEQ\ LP W"6 $[FQ DTa Fa BzA [T:M 3e 1O KZ:HZ FaBZ0" Wa JFZFa LP %5ZX [3MZ CZ [3 TX UXQZ LDD5ZO OXE Caj 3\F5O 3Z ,3 Wa vO OXQ 1MQ[3 TX %&T\[?Me &7=OFa= HO (HQAE XG ,W%' ,:P= XWj XZQN[3 [:WLP L"8 HO KZ:HZ 3< T[OI> $[FQ DTa &W JZOE LP 3>9 FX" FaBZ 1O Qe3WKZ LP FaBZ3XBa Qa[3F (F3F AFL_DZ +[BH^ W]VLZ JTOZ:, WNWD WL$B W"5>F 3F [4QZI JL_[B 'OZF\ 1O BzA [T:M Jb>E XWj &WLP W]VLZ JTOZ: 3< 3>W? %?TZA\ Fa $HF\ :\TF\ HO DJB4B UXQZ LW^D 3F 3' %O=;%' %TaDFQ 3Z 3e' 1O +Me:F 3F >;3 H\9E UXQZ LW^D 4&; 3O H]JB3 UXQZ LW^D 3e KP= 3< K\ JHI= FX" XeBZj (EO BzA [D4Z' DEB\ XW 1O Lf:^D Qe5Q 3e W"Jea[EB 3OB\ W]VLZ JTOZ: 3e J\8-J\8 LP [T:M L\[?MZ Wa &W LZLQa LP JZB 3OFa Wa J8Ba XW =e3B\ K\ OXB\ XWj W"6 3F WK\ +L]4 J&E Qe5Q 3F 1O $HFa AQg5 3Z XTZQZ DEBa XWj (>XQFa [Q4Z XG [3 WZC K\ UXQZ 3< BJT\OQ XWj FMZLZ +WZD L]4:? UeE UXQZ 3< [LOE3Q 38HF\ Fa L]4:? UeE W"JCZF 3F W"JCZF(KZ:HZ WNWD BzA [T:M &W3F 3BO-EBO XW) [Q, 3ZL [3MZ CZ (WFa 3\F5O, [DEQ\ 1O 3eQ3ZBZ Fa 25 QZ4 zHMa 3Z >E3Z UXQZ 3< 38HF\ 3e [DMZ LP W"JCZF 3F %Me:FQ LP LDD 3< C\j TX JXZwO CZ [:WLP Wa 17 QZ4 3Z K]5BZF [3MZ :Z 8]3Z XGj %O=;%' 3ZM_3BO 1O ,3 DeJB C!j

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 19

WXLB FX" [D4aj TX 3XBa XW, AXL Be [H9Qa WZB%> TVU Wa MX 3O OXE XW, XLP HOe^ |H Wa Be EL3ZFa 3< 3e[UU 3< :ZB\ XG, W\Ea-W\Ea [3W\ Fa EL3ZMZ FX"jB MX ,3 B<M XG [3 W"J3D[B [TKZ5 3F [Q, ,3 3ZM_"L %Me[:B 3OFa 3F JZD :J (W3Z U]E3 FX" [LQZ Be UXQZ Fa %O=;%' Q5Z' C\ 1O :J [TKZ5 3F +KZO; HTF 3\TZJBT Fa IeF HO EL3ZMZ Be UXQZ Fa IeF =GH 3O [QMZ 1O (~Z[E3Z[OMQ BCZ H][QW 3e &W3< [U3ZMB K\ 3O D;j UXQZ Fa &W\ BOX 3Z Le8O KZ:HZ WNWD 1O AFL_DZ WL$B (JTM"WaT\ W"JCZ) 3F W[8T $[FQ DTa 3F [4QZI K\ 4eQZ CZj $[FQ DTa %(=Q]3 Wa 88O LP JBZBa XW, A8^":3 XLFa F Be :L\F WO3ZO Wa Q\ XG, F XLFa 3e' J&; OZ[U WO3ZO; LDD 3F |H LP Q\ XG &W[Q, XL %O=;%' 3F DZMOE LP X; FX" %Ba XW 1O MX; :TZJ XLFa DE [DMZ XGjB Qa[3F UXQZ Fa -WZ %O=;%' %TaDF 1Me" Q5ZMZ, Be $[FQ DTa 3XBa XW, AMX Be TX; :ZFP, XLWa H^9Z 5MZ, XLFa :TZJ DE [DMZjB UXQZ 3< X;MZ 3F JZD $HFZ FZL (9ZQa :ZFa HO TX MX :|O 3XBa XW [3 H\[&B 1O +BZ[&B DeFQ 3e >MZM [LQFZ 8Z[X,j TX JHb 3OBa XW [3 [:F %>-DW Qe5Q 3F FZL [Q, :Z OXE XW (FLP Wa 3e' ,3 DeV\ Xe5Z MZ DeV\ &F WJ3F $QZTZ K\ Xe W3BZ XG, -Wa LP [:F Qe5Q 3e FZX3 &W LZLQa LP L\[?MZ-7ZMQ 3F MZOZ +BZ[&B [3MZ 5MZ (>XQ K\ Be >MZM [LQFZ 8Z[X,j &W\ BOX 3Z ,3 %O=;%' %TaDF L]2ML"2\ [FTZW LP W;3ZO HO 48_ 3F LZLQa LP K\ UXQZ Fa Q5ZMZ CZj KZ:HZ 3F BZ3BTO [TEZM3 [TFTZW WZO75 3F BPw H_Z ,32 3OFa TZQ\ WX3ZO; W[L[B 3F $0M^ XeFa HO +FF[8D Q5ZFa TZQZ %O=;%' %TaDF K\ UXQZ Fa Q5ZMZ CZj [TFTZW WZO75 Fa L\[?MZ Wa &W LZLQa HO JZB J"D 3O D; XGj WF 1999 LP UXQZ Fa [DEQ\ Wa HgQ\=E[1F3 3< [?$\ Qa3O Qf=Fa 3F JZD A[LOE3QB 38HF\ 3< U]z%B 3< C\j 9e=E-9e=E 3ZM_"L %Me[:B 3OFa 3F JZD &W 38HF\ Fa WO3ZO; %Me:FQ 3Z [:CLZ K\ XZ[WQ [3MZj &W\ J\8 2004 LP TX KZ:HZ +DEU (HZ0M^ 1O +KZTUZQ\ [TEZM3 !]T FZOZMA [W"X 3F W"H3a La" %' 1O (F3< W"JCZ A(DMB 3< W[8T JF 5'7j E]hT FZOZMA [W"X 3F WZC UXQZ 3Z Q"JZ WZC OXZ 1O [H9Qa 8]FZT LP UXQZ Fa $HFa [HBZ W]EBZF LW^D 3F WZC E]hT FZOZMA [W"X 3F WLC_F LP L][JQL ^a2Q La" +8ZO K\ [3MZ CZj X;MZ TZQa [DF K\ UXQZ 3F LeJZ&Q [O3g?` 3F $F]WZO E]hT FZOZMA [W"X Wa JyB DEO JZB X=' C\j Qa[3F $J E]hT FZOZMA [W"X L\[?MZ Wa UXQZ 3F JZOE LP 3e' JZB FX" 3OFZ 8ZXBaj 3XZ :ZBZ XG [3 KZ:HZ FaBZ BzA [T:M Wa UXQZ 3< L]QZ3ZB E]hT FZOZMA [W"X Fa X; 3OZ' C\j &W\ 3F JZD DeFQ 3F W"J"E WX: FX" OX 5, Caj JXOXZQ, $J B3 F Be H][QW 1O JZD LP W\J\%' X;MZ 3Z 3e' W]OZ5 Q5Z HZ' XGj [:BFa L]"X (BF\ JZBP 3< B:_ HO BLZL WZOE FZL KeHZQ 3< [I:N LP (9ZQa :Z OXE XW [:FLP KZ:HZ 1O W"6 3F Qe5Q 3F


< OXJM >

[FUZFa HO %O=;%' 3ZM_3BO

[H

9Qa ,3 WZQ LP 3e' 12 %O=;%' 3ZM_3BO0" 3< X;MZ y' XGj ,[UMF WP=O 2I XKM^LF OZ&=KW 3< ,3 [OHe=` 3XB\ XG [3 UXQZ LW^D W[XB 3L Wa 3L 12 3ZM_3BO LZOE 5, XWj &F WJ3Z 5]FZX 1MZ 3FTQ MX CZ [3 MX WJ DEU LP HZOD[U_BZ 3e J'ZTZ 1O WO3ZO; JNJCZFQ LP [TFTWF\MBZ 3F JZOE LP :ZF3ZO; QaFZ 8ZXBa Ca? ,W\,8%O 3F $F]WZO $J Be 3e' H][QW3L? K\ W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3Z (HMe5 3OFa HO W]O[^B FX" XGj (_O +DEU 3F ,3 XeL 5Z?` JAJ^ [W"X Fa $HFa 5NT 3=6O 3F +EZF MZOZ [3, 5, 3ZLQ 3< :ZF3ZO; LN5\ C\, JZD LP HBZ 8QZ [3 JAJ^ [W"X 3< X;MZ Xe 5'j ,W\,8%O 3Z MX K\ 3XFZ XG [3 9e=;-J&; +BZ&FZ 3Z K\ [U3ZO %O=;%' 3ZM_3BO Xe OXE XWj $J LN5 3< :Z OX; XG [3 %O=;%' 3Z (HMe5 3OFa TZQQ 3< W]O^Z 3< K\ GMTJCZ XeF\ 8Z[X,j

()HO) UXQZ 3F WZC BzA [T:M, 1O [TEZM3 E]hTFZOZMA [W"X (DZ,7) FZL 7MZDZ XW Qa[3F W"6 Wa :]&E Qe5 EZ[L_3 3hOH"[CMQ 3< BOI &UZOZ 3OBa XW :J[3 3>9 1O Qe5 X;MZ 3e W"H[_ 3F [TTZD 3Z FB\:Z K\ JBZBa XWj MX XLZOE WZLZ[:3 BZFa-JZFa LP [FBNB JTZKZ[T3 JZB XG [3 ,3 Q&Z3Z L][JQL L[XQZ 3< X;MZ HO BOX-BOX 3< 88O,7 XQ, 4ZWBfO HO M[D (W3F OZ:F\[B LP W"H3a W"J"E XQj KeHZQ 3F 3eX-,-[I:Z ^a2 LP UXQZ 3Z 6O XGj $J MXN Q5K5 H^OE [DF L\[?MZ 1O W\J\%' 3F Qe5Q 3< %TZ:ZX; Q5\ OXB\ XGj 3>9 OZ:F\[B3 OW^4 TZQa Qe5 K\ L]QZ3Z[BMQ LP XWj :bWa 8 [WB"JO 3e 6=FZ 3F 3e' 23 [DFQ 3F JZD 3N$aW FaBZ W]OEU H8fO; UXQZ 3F 6O H#8a 1O UXQZ 3< JXF %,UZ Wa [LQaj (EO, %,UZ Fa %(=Q]3 Wa 88O LP WZI 3XZ [3 H9OTZO 3F [XBbV\ (>XQ WL;Z OXE XW [3 L]"X J"D O4P FX" Be 3Q (F3F WZC K\ 3e' XZDWZ Xe W3BZ XGj Qa[3F %,UZ ,3DL [F?O F:O %B\ XGj TX 3XB\ XW [3 :e 4eFZ CZ TX Be HXQa X; 4e 8]3F $J Be ,3 X; 3ZL XG, UXQZ 3F X;MZOQ 3e W:Z [DQZFZj &UZOQ LP TX MX K\ 3XB\ XG [3 KeHZQ LP W_Z LP Jb>E +KZTUZQ\ Qe5Q 3Z MX 3ZL XGj TX MX K\ 3XB\ XW [3 W"6 3F 3>9 +L]4 Qe5Q Fa UXQZ 3e %',W%' ,:P= JBZFa 3Z wI+8ZO K\ 8QZ O4Z CZj $La[O3Z LP OXFa TZQ\ %,UZ 18 $5JB 3e KeHZQ H#8!j TX 6=FZ LP [3W\ [F3= 3F GM[1B 3Z XZC XeFa Wa K\ &F3ZO 3OB\ XW $QJ_Z TX $J UXQZ 3F 8[O2 HO 9"=E (&ZFa TZQa wI+8ZO Wa K\ %XB XG 1O H^9B\ XG" [3 8ZXE :e Xe, 1MZ %H3e [3W\ 3< X;MZ 3Z $[E3ZO XG? %,UZ Fa 3 [WB"JO 3e W\J\%' 3e :N8 WRHFa Wa HXQa 3< H][QW 3ZO`TZ' HO K\ 3'

9ZMZ# [TTa3 H=E9OMZ

WTZQ 4&E [3,j %,UZ MX K\ LZFB\ XW [3 15-17 [DFQ LP H][QW Fa LZLQa LP :ZF-J^;3O QZHOTZX; JOB\ 1O U"3Z :Z[XO 3OB\ XW [3 H][QW Fa WJ^BQ 3F WZC K\ 9E&9Z& 3< Xe5\j [WB"JO 3F B\WOE X@Ba LP %,UZ Fa OZbf\M L[XQZ %Me5 LP UXQZ 3F 8[O2XFF 3< 3e[UUQ 3e Oe3F :ZFa 3F [Q, H2 K\ [DMZ XGj %,UZ UXQZ 3< (W ?ZMO; 3Z [:" K\ 3OB\ XW :e $J W\J\%' 3F HZW XGj %,UZ 3Z W"3FB XG [3 ?ZMO; 3F %EZO HO De[VMQ 3Z W]OZ5 [LQ W3BZ XGj 3XBa XW [3 UXQZ $"BB# OZ:F\[B LP %B!j UXQZ 3F $Fa3 3O;J\ Qe5 H][I= 3OBa XW [3 TX W][FMe[:B BO;3F Wa OZ:F\[B LP %B!j 3>9 [L2 Be (FWa MXN B3 H^9Ba Ca, L"2\ 3J JF OX; Xe? TX OZ:F\[B LP :ZB! Be 20 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

[F[F8B X; KZ:HZ LP :ZB!j MX JMZF (F3F [HBZ W]EBZF LW^D 3Z XGj UXQZ 3< OZ:F\[B3 LX;TZ3N^Z 3Z (DZXOA XZQ LP $:AZ X:ZOE %"DeQF Wa (W3Z :]&ZT K\ CZj $+bQ LZX LP MZD5ZO-,-UZX:XZF\ HZ3a LP :e +DU_F %Me[:B [3MZ 5MZ CZ (WLP KeHZQ 3F 3e' 22 :FW"5>F :]&E Ca Qa[3F UXQZ 3< BJT\OQ TZQa HeJ=O H^OE UXO LP Q5 5, Ca 1O HZ3a LP K\ ,3 J&Z Xe[?c5 Q5Z CZ [:WLP UXQZ +L]4 C!, $:AZ X:ZOE 1O (F3< =;L 3F 9e=E-9e=E Ie=e Caj &F WJWa Ma WK\ :FW"5>F FZOZ: Xe 5, Ca 1O (>XQFa $HFZ $Q5 3R?Q LZ8_ %Me[:B [3MZ CZj &F WK\ W"5>FQ 3Z %OeH CZ [3 UXQZ GM[1BTZD; LX;TZ3N^Z 3e H^OZ 3OFa 3F [Q, $:AZ X:ZOE 3F %"DeQF 3e 1:ZO JFZ OX; XWj UXQZ 4]D 3e &7[?MZ $"5aJ= 3O?UF 3< L0M +DEU W"Me:3 JBZB\ C\" :J[3 &W XG[WMB LP OeQ\ [UTXOE C!j KZ:HZ FaBZ 1O H^T_ L]2ML"2\ JZJ^QZQ 5fO Fa K\ %(=Q]3 3e JBZMZ [3 UXQZ KZ:HZ LP UZ[LQ XeFa TZQ\ C!j JXOXZQ, UXQZ 3< LfB Fa ,3 OZ:F\[B3 W"KZTFZ 3e Be [TOZL DE [DMZ XGj H^OE LZLQa LP L0M +DEU WO3ZO 3< W\J\%' :N8 3F [Q, 3< 5' :EDJZ:\ K\ $8O: 3< [F5ZX Wa DE4\ :Z OX; XGj WeQX $5JB 3< UZL X; L]2ML"2\ Fa W\J\%' :N8 3Z W"3FB 3O [DMZ CZ, B\WOE [DF +DEU WO3ZO 3< [8i\ K\ Ka: D; 5' C\ 1O 3 [WB"JO 3e MX :N8 W\J\%' 3e [LQ 5'j [H9Qa De TVU LP JL][F3Q De LZLQa W\J\%' 3e [LQa XWj Qe5 :ZFBa XW [3 WO3ZO 3e W\J\%' :N8 3F [Q, BbMZO 3OFZ J&Z L][F3Q XeBZ XG Qa[3F &W LZLQa LP WO3ZO Fa U\VOWF 3O [QMZj 1MQ, MX Be T1B JBZ,5Zj ●


< WTZQ-,-:]L_ >

De 1O H23ZOQ HO 6aOZ

3<[Q1W 3F 4]QZWa 3F JZD 9_\W5' [T WO3ZO $J ,JWZO WL^X HO [U38:Z 3W

OX; XGj ,JWZO HO F1W[QMQ 3< LDD 3Z %OeH XGj ,JWZO 3F >E3FDZO J\3F QZQZ 1O H23ZO [Q"5ZOZL 3< [5O@BZO; 3F JZD JJBO 3F De H23ZOQ HTF D=Ja 1O FOE>) D=Ja HO K\ H][QW 3< F:O =E'; y' 1O (>XQ BQJ :3MZ 5MZj %OeH Q5ZMZ 5MZ :3 De DG[F3 $4JZOe" 3F &F LZ[Q3Q 3Z ,F:\0 :M :eXZO WaTZ W[L[B ,JWZO (Le5 WL^X 1O F1W[QMQ 3F J\8 H]Q 3Z 3ZL 3OBZ XGj D7BaTZ&Z ,WH\ $"[3B 55_ Fa JBZMZ [3 6 LZX LP ,F:\0 Fa 8 3Oe& 3Z QaFDEF [3MZ XG, [:WLP [T_\M WXZMBZ ,JWZO WL^X Fa D;j MUT"B Ee=E

(;W]3 JZQ3 3< BOX CZ [Q"5ZOZL

,3 Q&3F 3Z 3W^O &BFZ XG [3 TX &7WZI 8ZXBZ XG

[Q"5ZOZL (F\8a) D;^NB WLZOeX LP ()HO)

5ZOZL [3W\ 3Z K\ FZL Xe W3BZ XGj &W FZL 3F 3' Qe5 Xe W3Ba XG"j Qa[3F [:W [Q"5ZOZL 3e?eH\ 3< JZB XL 3O OXE XW, TX &F [DFQ D7BaTZ&Z (9_\W5')3< ,3 :aQ La" J"D XGj (W HO LZ0TZD; OZ:F\[B3 ($TZD 3Z %OeH XGj 8]FZT Q& 3O DEU 8QZFa 3< L"UZ XG [Q"5ZOZL 3<j H23Z[OBZ W"JCZF 3< 3H"=;F La" Jb> 3O (WFa L];a MZF\ $HF\ H23Z9OBZ [U^Z 3e $HFa K[TIM 3< Me:FZ JBZ' C\j TX 8ZXBZ CZ, Lb" (Wa 8]FZT 3< BbMZO; 3Z LU[TOZ v7j H^OE W2 LP TX (;W]3 JZQ3 3< BOX OXZj 3^Z 3F HXQa MZ JZD La" 3K\ K\ % EL3BZ 1O H^9BZ, AL];a 1MZ H'FZ 8Z[X,? Lb" OZ:F\[B 1O WLZ: 3< JZO;[3Me" 3e WL;FZ 8ZXBZ $jB (W3F WZC JZBe" La" HBZ FX;" 8QBZ [3 9Z2 3fF XG 1O [U^3 3fFj (W\ [Q"5ZOZL 3e?eH\ 3e 9 [WB"JO 2011 3e 9_\W5' H][QW Fa HZQFZO 5NT Wa vWO; JZO [5O@BZO

3O [QMZj &W JZO (W HO LZ0TZ[DMe" 3e 3gHTOE= 38H[FMe" 3F HbWa H#8ZFa 3Z %OeH XGj De WZQ HXQa TX ,3 JCZF\M DJ"5 FaBZ 3F 6O HO XLQZ 3OFa 3F %OeH La" [5O@BZO [3MZ :Z 8]3Z CZj 8ZQ\W [DF Uf8ZQM La" O4 3O (Wa MZBFZ D; 5'j [Q"5Z Fa L];a JBZMZ CZ 8ZQ\W [DF La" (Wa [WIa ,3 JZO FXZFa [DMZ 5MZ CZj $J TX [IO :aQ La" XGj H23ZO 1O 8]FZT Q& 3O %[DTZ[WMe" 3< %TZ: JFFa 3F (W3F WHFa WQZ4e" 3F H\9E 3HD XG"j (W3< Fe=J]3 LP [Q4Z XG,ALaOZ FZL [Q"5ZOZL 3e?eH\ XGj Lb" 9_\W5' 3F D7BaTZ&Z [:Qa 3F AQg3 3>%"3Q?Z 3F WLaQ\ 5NT 3Z OXFa TZQZ $j LV %[DTZW\ $j 6O La" LN, [HBZ, De KZ' 1O ,3 JXF XGj [HBZ :e5Z OZL 4aB\ 3OBa XW 1O 5NT 3F WOH"8 OX 8]3F XG"j &3_\W $5JB 2009 3e H][QW %' 1O L];a H3& 3O Qa 5'j L];Wa 3XZ 5MZ [3 LV ,WH\0 ([TUaV H][QW $[E3ZO;) JF :Z)7 TOFZ :aQ Wa [F3QFZ FZL]L[3F

[Q"

22 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

XGj $5O LVFa -WZ FX" [3MZ Be Ta L];a F1WQ\ TD@ HXFZ 3O ,F3Z(7=O 3O DQ5aj ,WH\ Fa WZDE 3Z5: HO L];Wa [Q4TZ [QMZ [3 Lb" ,WH\0 JFFa 3e BbMZO $j $DZQB LP LVFa TX; 3XZ :e Ta L];Wa 3XQTZFZ 8ZXBa Caj (W3F JZD 5NT La" OXFa 3Z 3e' LBQJ FX;" OX 5MZ CZj LV [DEQ\ 8QZ %MZj [DEQ\ %Fa 3F JZD H][QW LaOE H[OTZO TZQQ 3F H\9E H& 5'j LaO; [OXZ' 3F $5Qa X; [DF LaOE J&E KZ' LZWZOZL 3e H][QW H3& 3O CZFa Qa 5' 1O XTZQZB La" (>XE" MZBFZ D;j H][QW LaO; [U[^3Z J]% WeF\ WeO; 3F K\ H\9E H&; y' XGj WF 2010 3F :]QZ' LX;Fa La" JTZL\ $[3FTaU 1O LZFTZ[E3ZO T3<Q +UNB K^VA 3< LDD Wa LVFa L\9?MZ 3F WZLFa $HF\ 3XZF\ O4\ 1O (58BL >MZMZQM La" $:? DE3O $HFa H[OTZO 3< W]O^Z 3< 5]XZO Q5Z'j 3>9 WLZ:Wa[TMQ Fa LaOZ DZ[4QZ Fe,?Z 3F ,3 H23Z[OBZ W"JCZF La" 3OZ [DMZj HXQ\ JZO y% Xe5Z [3 FfT\" HZW ,3 %[DTZW\ Q&3F 3e H23Z[OBZ 3< H'Z' 3F [Q, T:\IZ [LQZj LVFa [FF8M [3MZ XG, H23ZO JF^"5ZjB H'Z' H^O; 3OFa 3F JZD [Q"5ZOZL D7BaTZ&Z 5MZ Qa[3F $HFa 5NT FX" :Z HZMZj TX (F B\F 5NTe" La" 5MZ :XN J\Ba LZ8_ La" 3eJOZ 2HOEUF y% CZj [Q"5Z Fa (F WK\ WJ^Be" 3e &3iZ [3MZ :e H][QW 1O WQTZ :]&@L 3F :]EL 3< 3XZF\ 3XBa XG"j [Q"5ZOZL HXQZ H23ZO XG :e (F 5NTe" La" 5MZ 1O [DQ DXQZ DEFa TZQ\ W58Z' WZLFa QZFa 3< [XCLB 3<j 8fDX [WB"JO 3e [DEQ\ La" y, H23ZO WCLQaF La" +UNB K^VA, [XLNU] 3>LZO 1O $z7EB\ OgM Fa 9_\W5' WO3ZO HO %OeH Q5ZMZ [3 [Q"5ZOZL 3e &W[Q, [5O@BZO [3MZ 5MZ [3 (WFa LeOHEQ\, BZLMBQZ 1O [BCLZH]OL La" y, H][QW DLF 3e WZLFa QZFa 3< [XCLB [D4Z'j 1MZ 3e' JBZ,5Z (W3Z $HOZE 1MZ XG 1O TX [3W :]L_ La" WQZ4e" 3F H\9E XG? ● [3OA UZX;F


< 4e:-4JO > OT\>) UZX

OZ

:F\[BeQ 3e $HFa H[O[8BQ-[L2Q 3< LDD 3OFa 3< %DB XeB\ XGj 5ZXE-J5ZXE Ta $HFa Wa WLC_3Q 3F [Q, [WIZ[OU\ H2 K\ [Q4 X; DEBa XWj Qa[3F (F3< &W %DB 3Z 3J-3fF-3XN Ja:Z &JBaLZQ 3O Qa, 3XZ FX" :Z W3BZj &W[Q, FaBZ0" 3e MX WZTEZF\ JOBF\ 8Z[X, [3 3X" $F:ZFa LP Ta [3W\ 5bO 3ZF^F\ 3ZL 3< [WIZ[OU Be FX" 3O OXEj -WZ ,3 LZLQZ KZ:HZ 3F T[OI> FaBZ 1O 12 $1=@JO Wa _bZ8ZO 3F [4QZI U"4FZD 3O OC MZ2Z HO [F3QFa TZQa QZQ3DIA %?TZA\ 3Z XGj :J TX Qe3WKZ LP FaBZ-+[BH^ Ca Be 29 :FTO; 2005 3e (F3< ,3 [WIZ[OU Fa &7DfO 3F ,3 :L\F [TTZD 3e F 3FTQ FMZ Le& DE [DMZ J[E3 $J MX LWQZ (~ >MZMZQM K\ HX7]8 5MZ XGj LZLQZ &7DfO 3F 3FWO JZ5 ($J QZK8"D 9:QZF\ LZ5_) Oe? HO [JCB $zAZ8Q %3L OZ:H^B 7J= 3< 10.28 ,3& :L\F 3Z XG [:W3< 3<LB %: Wb3&Q 3Oe& zHMa XGj MX :L\F (K^[L WTM "LN3 1487/1 BCZ 1487/2) %Q\OZ:H]O 3< LXZOZF\ Oe[XA\ 3>LZO; 3< C\ [:>XQFa &W :L\F HO 7J= JFTZ [DMZ CZ 1O 7J= 3< ?;? LP JHI= [Q4TZMZ CZ [3 :L\F 3FTQ 7J= 3F (HMe5 XEB] XG 1O &Wa [3W\ K\ +3ZO $"B[OB FX" [3MZ :Z W3F5Zj Qa[3F :bWZ [3 XeBZ XG, WZL-DZL-D7?-KaD 3F LZ0ML Wa MX :L\F &7DfO 3F FOE") 5eOZF\ 3e XZ[WQ Xe 5'j :J MX :ZF3ZO; &7DfO [T3ZW

%?TZA\ :\, [WIZ[OU 3OFa Wa HXQa DE4 QaBa

[WIZ9OU\ H2 3F 3ZOA &7DfO LP 3Oe&Q zHMQ 3< :L\F 5_X [FLOA L"?Q 3F J:ZM [F:\ [JE?O 3e [LQ 5' +Z[E3OA 3F H^T_ W"8ZQ3 3FTQ MZDT 3e [LQ\ Be (>XQFa BLZL B<M :]=Z3O LZLQZ +CL $HO W2 >MZMZE\U 3< $DZQB LP DZMO [3MZj 3FTQ MZDT Fa LZLQa LP QZQ3DIA %?TZA\, L]2ML"2\ [UTOZ: [W"X 8fXZF, B;3ZQ\F OZ:JT L"2\ 3LQ H=EQ, FOE") 5eOZF\, 3LQPw [W"X, OZ:aU OZ:fOZ (B;3ZQ\F 3Qa1=O, &7DfO) 1O ,L?; L0M +DEU 5_X [FLOA L"?Q 3e %OeH\ JFZMZj &FLP Wa 3LQPw [W"X DO$WQ LXZOZF\ Oe[XA\ 3>LZO; 3F KZ' XW [:>XQFa BXW\QDZO 3< $DZQB LP Oe[XA\ 3>LZO; 3Z TZ[OW

JBZ3O 4]D 3e K^[L JTZL\ JBZMZ CZj &W LZLQa LP [3W\ K\ BZO;4 HO 7J= 3Z 3e' K\ +[B[F[E XZ[:O FX" y% 1O 3LQa"w [W"X 3F H^ LP ,3BOIZ IHWQZ DE [DMZ 5MZj (EO, 7J= 3F 7[J=MQ Fa 15 QZ4 zHMa +\[LML Qa3O 7.70 ,3& K^[L FOE") 5eOZF\ 3e 6 WZQ 3F [Q, Q\: HO DE D;j JZD LP 3LQPw [W"X Fa H^O; :L\F 2 3Oe& zHMa LP FOE") 5eOZF\ 3e Ja83O [T"M H2 3< O[:J7; K\ 3OZ D;j 5eOZF\ Fa 20 QZ4 80 X:ZO zHMa 3< J=NH ?3^=; 8]3Z' Qa[3F 3LQPw [W"X 3e 3FTQ HN8 QZ4 zHMa X; 9D,j &WWa HXQa 24 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

&W\ :L\F 3F W"J"E LP De LZLQa 1O 8Qaj HXQa LP 7J=; :L\F 3e Ja8Fa 3< $F]L[B QaFa O[:J7ZO, H[AQ3 7J= 3F HZW 5, Qa[3F O[:J7ZO Fa K\ [T"M 3< $F]L[B DEFa Wa &F3ZO 3O [DMZj JZD LP H[AQ3 7J= Fa 7[J=MQ 3F [4QZI [:QZ >MZMZQM LP DZTZ K\ Q5Z [DMZ CZ :e $J K\ Q"[JB XGj vWOZ LZLQZ 3DIAZ [W"X 3Z XG :e Oe[XA\ 3>LZO; 3< [OFBaDZO XWj (>XQFa DZTZ [3MZ [3 TX $WQ\ TZ[OW XW 1O 7J= 3< :L\F HO (>XQ 3A:Z [DQZMZ :Z,j $DZQB Fa 7J= ?;? 3e DE4Fa 3F JZD BM [3MZ [3 :L\F 7J= 3<


9ZMZ# $[4Q XZx?MZ

vWOZ %DU_? [TTZ9DB :L\F HO [FLOA :ZO;, 1O %?TZA\ 3F W[8T 3Z H2 (JZ,7) X; XGj 3DIAZ [W"X LZLQa 3e Qa3O XZ'3e=` 5' Be (WFa K\ 7J= ?;? 3F $F]|H MCZ[JC[B JFZ, O4Fa 3Z %DEU [DMZj MX %DEU 14 IOTO;, 2002 3Z XGj &EO &W\ :L\F 3e L+ 5_X [FLOA L"?Q Fa $HF\ %TZW\M Me:FZ 3F [Q, 8M[FB [3MZ CZj JZOX [WB"JO, 1997 Wa MX 3ZO`TZ' %O7K 3< 5' C\ 1O 3Qa1=O MZOZ 12 IOTO;, 1999 3e EZOZ 4 3F BXB K^-$:_F W"J"E\ [TTOA OZ:H2 LP +3Z[UB K\ Xe 5MZj 3>Q [LQZ3O &W :L\F 3e Qa3O [T[K>F $DZQBQ LP $Q5-$Q5 LZLQa K\ 8Qa 1O (EO 5_X [FLOA L"?Q Fa K\ K^[L $[E$XA 3< 3ZO`TZ' U]| 3O D;j &W3F [Q, 3Qa1=O 3ZMOQM LP 21 QZ4 zHMa :LZ K\ 3OZ [D,j [DQ8JH B<M MX XG [3 30 :^F, 2002 3e &7DfO [T3ZW +Z[E3OA Fa Me:FZ "LN3 154 LP +JBZ[TB &W :L\F 3e DUOMZj 5_X [FLOA L"?Q MZOZ %H[_ D:_ 3OZFa 3F JZD &W :L\F Wa +Z[E3OA Fa DZTZ X=Z [QMZj 5_X [FLOA L"?Q Fa DeJZOZ ,3 :FTO;, 2005 3e &W :L\F 3F $[E$XA 3F [Q, &7DfO 3F 3Qa1=O 3e H2 [Q4Zj &W3F %EZO HO 3ZO`TZ' 3OBa y, 10 :FTO;, 2005 3e $[EW^8FZ :ZO; 3< 5' 1O 14 :FTO; 3F OZ:H2 LP &W3Z

+3ZUF K\ Xe 5MZj 4ZW JZB MX XG [3 &W\ DfOZF 22 :^F, 2004 3e 3LQPw [W"X Fa FOE") 5eOZF\ 3e [T"M H2 [Q43O [DMZ :J[3 (W3F HZW K^[L 3Z 3A:Z B3 FX" CZj BJ 3Qa1=O 9DUZ-[FDNU 3F $F]WZO &W :L\F 3Z L^EM 7.20 3Oe& zHMa CZ :e BJ 3F JZ:ZO L^EM 3F [XWZJ Wa 25 3Oe& zHMa Wa 7MZDZ XeBZ CZj &W\ J\8 %?TZA\ 3e FOE") 5eOZF\ MZOZ [D, 5, $F]OeE H2 3F %EZO HO (F3F [F:\ W[8T +3ZU 8") Fa ,3 H2 L0M+DEU 3F L]2ML"2\ 3F W[8T 3e [Q43O 5_X [FLOA L"?Q 3F $[E$XA 3e OK 3OFa 1O LZLQa LP >MZM [3, :ZFa 3Z $F]OeE [3MZj :bWa X; H2 L]2ML"2\ W[8TZQM 3e [LQZ, B;3ZQ\F OZ:JT L"2\ 3LQ H=EQ 3e ,3 H2 Ka:Z 5MZj OZ:JT L"2\ Fa &7DfO 3Qa1=O Wa H^OZ LZLQZ L"5Z3O K^[L $[E$XA [FML 48 3F BXB K^[L 4WOZ "LN3 1487/1 BCZ 2 3F JZJB :ZO; 3< 5' WLJB $[EW^8FZ0" 3e [FOJB 3OFa 3Z %DEU DE [DMZj &W 3ZO`GZZ' 3< W^8FZ 12 LZ8_, 2007 3F OZ:H2 LP 9H\ XGj &W %EZO HO 5_X [FLOA L"?Q 3< BOI Wa U]| 3< 5' K^$[E$XA 3< 3ZO`TZ' [FOJB 3O D; 5'j :J MX B<M 3FTQ MZDT 3e +Z?B y, Be (>XQFa 2008 LP $HO W2 >MZMZE\U 3< $DZQB LP LZLQZ DZ[4Q [3MZ 1O 9 $5JB 2011 3e $DZQB Fa IHWQZ W]FZMZj $DZQB Fa WZI 3XZ XG [3 WZiM 1O DJBZTa:Q 3F $TQe3F Wa MX +B\B FX" Xe OXZ XG [3 +JBZ[TB %OeH\ 5AQ MZOZ _I= MZ $TbE WZEFQ MZOZ MZ Qe3WaT3Q 3F |H LP $HF\ [JC[B 3Z wzHMe5 3O $HFa [Q, MZ [3W\ GM[1B 3F [Q, 3e' QZK +Z?B [3MZ Xej &W3F $QZTZ &W :L\F Wa :]&E D;TZF\ LZLQa [T[K>F >MZMZQMQ LP K\ [T8ZOZE\F XW BCZ M[D [3W\ GM[1B MZOZ (~ >MZMZQM MZ [3W\ 1O >MZMZQM 3F %DEU 3< $TeZ Xe5\ Be >MZMZQM 3< LZFXZ[F 3< 3ZM_TZX; 3< :Z W3F5\j LX;TH^A_ WTZQ MX FX" [3 &W $DZQB Fa [3W\ 3e _bZ8ZO 3Z DeV\ FX" HZMZj LZLQa 3F T3<Q LFeXO DQZQ K\ 3XBa XW [3 ,3 BOI IHWQa LP vWO; $DZQBQ LP :ZO; L]3DLQ 3Z [:" XG 1O LZFXZ[F 3Z K\j [IO IHWQa LP WZI [Q4Z XG [3 +B\B FX" Xe OXZ [3 %Oe[HMQ Fa _bZ8ZO [3MZ XGj +B\B XeFZ ,3 JZB XG 1O B<M vWO; JZB, &W\[Q, &W LZLQa HO XZ'3e=` LP H]FO;^A MZ[83Z Q5Z D; 5' XGj WTZQ MX K\ XG [3 [:W :L\F 3e 5_X [FLOA L"?Q Fa WZT_:[F3 (HMe5 3F [Q, &BFZ 7MZDZ (HMe5\ HZMZ CZ [3 TX &7DfO [T3ZW +Z[E3OA 3e K\ MX :L\F DEFa 3e BbMZO FX" y%, TX $8ZF3 &W\ :L\F 3e $FZTFM3 1MQ 3XFa Q5Zj [F[F8B |H Wa &WLP %?TZA\ 3F [F:\ W[8T 3F H2 3< (;+aO3 K^[L3Z Be XG X;j (EO, 5eOZF\ Fa &W\ :L\F HO ,3 J&Z +e:a1= U]| [3MZ XG [:Wa L]"J' 3Z ,3 J&Z ?ETQHO BbMZO 3O OXZ XGj &W3< 3' L"[:Qa" Be $J B3 JF K\ 5' XW 1O JTZKZ[T3 |H Wa &W3Z FZL XG Wb,F (3FW[OMZ)j ● ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 25

?ZM[J=;: [FM"[2B 3OE...

La6vB

LE]U^>M

8^A_

La6vB Fa ?ZM[J=;: :bW\ J\LZO; HO UeE 3O3F [FM"[2B XEB] LE]U^>M FZL3 1V[E 3Z [FLOA [3MZ [:WLP +3D[B 3F $L^EM :&;-J^[=MN :bWa 5]?LZO 3< H_\, :ZL]F 3F J\:, U]G [UQZ:\B, [T:MWZO %[D [L[3B XWj :e H]OZFa Wa H]OZFa LE]LaX 3F WZC 1DM wJ_QBZ, $[FM[LB O1B8ZH 3e [FM"[2B 3O3F UO;O 3e [FOe5 3O JIA[B_ +DZF 3OBZ XGj WZTEZF\# HZF\ [DF LP 3L Wa 3L 10 [5QZW H\,7, K^4a Ha= F OXQ, 7MZDZ F 4Z,7, Ce&Z-Ce&Z 4Z,7j :N8 $TFM 3OTZBa OXQj =XQP T GMZMZL $TFM 3OQj Me5ZBMZW 3OFa 3Z +MZW 3OQj M[D %H 3e' ,QeHb[C3 DTZ QaBa XW Be (Wa ,3 DL F 9e&Qj LE]U^>M WZC LP QaBa OXQ T [8[3;W3 Wa HOZLU_ WLM-WLM HO QaBa OXQj (;HZD3#

La6vB $ZLeLe5 WaTZ W"JCZF IeF 09810015202

TaJ# www.ayurvedicmeghdoot.com '-LaQ# meghdoot.mridul@gmail.com


< WTM^A > 9ZMZ# FOQ) [JI=

WK\ Ie=e# [2K]TF [BTZO;

WTZQ H^9Fa Wa Qa3O JXW B3 LP H\9E, WK\ DQQ 3< L9XQZ WNWDQ Fa :3MZ [FOZU # (JZ,7 Wa) $5ZCZ W"5LZ, 7Me[B [LEO, OZF\ FZOZ, $F] =7?F

&BF\ WZO; 5^"5\ 5]9&MZ,7!

H")XT! Qe3WKZ LP H]zV WNWDQ 3F L]3ZJQa L9XQZ WNWD [WIa (H[JC[B LP $GTQ 5\BZ3\

DE

U 3< W"WD 1O [TEZFWKZ0" LP KQa X; 33 I<WD; KZ5\DZO; 3< T3ZQB 3< :Z OX; Xe, Qa[3F [H9Qa ,3 WZQ 3F DfOZF 15T! Qe3WKZ LP L[XQZ +[B[F[EMQ 3Z +DU_F I<3Z X; OXZ XGj &WLP K\ W_Z|' DQQ 3< L[XQZ WNWDQ 3< [JC[B 1O K\ [FOZUZ:F3 OX; XGj 3N$aW $0M^ We[FMZ 5NE\ MZOZ IOLZF :ZO; 3OFa 3F JZD L[XQZ WNWDQ 3< (H[JC[B Be J'; XG Qa[3F WTZQ H^9Fa Wa Qa3O [3W\ L]KE HO JXW 3OFa B3 H]zV WNWDQ 3Z X; T8_JT JO3OZO OXZj L:a 3< JZB XG [3 3N$aW $0M^ We[FMZ 5NE\ 4]D ,3 K\ JXW LP [XJWZ FX" Qa HZx :J[3 (F3< (H[JC[B WDF LP LZ2 24 [DF OX;j :M3\JaF H=EQ, W][L2Z LXZ:F :bW\ [TH^\ DQQ 3< Ba:BOOO FaBZ0" 3e 9e& DQ Be WK\ DQQ 3< L[XQZ WNWDQ 3< 3LeJaU MX; [JC[B XGj LWQF, LZ3HZ 3< W][ILBZ JZ(O; Fa W"WD LP WTO[E3 72 [DF (H[JC[B D:_ 3OZ' Qa[3F LX: WZB JXWQ LP X; (>XQFa [XJWZ [QMZj 3N$aW 3< +KZ [3UeO B[TMZ? 71 [DF W"WD % 8]3< XW Qa[3F 11 JXWQ LP X; UZ[LQ OX"j 8^"[3 [TH^\ DQQ Fa &W LWQa

HO 3e' [TH FX" :ZO; :3MZ XGj [QXZ:Z (F3< L[XQZ WNWD F Be W"WD LP (H[JC[B D:_ 3OZFZ ([8B WL;B\ XW 1O F X; [3W\ JXW LP KZ5 QaFZj JWHZ 3< Ja5L BJJW]L XWF Be 51 [DF W"WD H#8 8]3< XW Qa[3F ,3 K\ JXW LP (F3F FZL 3Z (EQa4 FX" XGj BaQ"5ZFZ OZI7 W[L[B 3< [T:MZ UN[B (H[JC[B 1O JXW LP KZ5\DZO;, DeFQ LZLQQ LP [IWp\ WZ[JB y&cj TX LX: %> [DF W"WD LP %&c 1O JXW LZLQa LP [WIOj ,3 K\ JXW LP [XJWZ FX" QaFa TZQ\ L[XQZ WNWDe" 3< W"2MZ $59; 4ZW\ XGj $Q\5@j 3< WNWD

15T! Qe3WKZ LP 11% L9XQZ,7 OZ7M

W"2MZ

+[BUB

La6ZQM L0M +DEU H[F8L J"5ZQ (_O +DEU [JXZO

1 6 7 12 5

50 % 21% 17% 15% 13%

[TUaV# 19 OZ7MQ LP ,3 K\ L9XQZ WNWD Qe3WKZ LP FX"

26 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

OZ:3>LZO; 8fXZF(3N$aW), $WL 3< OZF\ F^OZX (3N$aW), UBZAD; OZM (J\OK^[L, H". J"5ZQ), WZ[O3Z DETP) [W"X J6aQ (XZCOW, (_O +DEU) 3F FZL ,3 K\ JXW D:_ FX" XWj MXN L[XQZ L"[2MQ 3F FZL &WLP UZ[LQ FX" XWj Ta W"WD LP (H[JC[B 1O JXW DeFQ Wa HOE XWj L[XQZ L"2\ WZLZ>M WDJM 3< BOX FX", J[E3 JXW LP WO3ZO 3< +[B[F[E 3F BfO HO KZ5\DZO; 3OB\ XWj &W\ BOX Qe3WKZ $0M^ L\OZ 3>LZO 1O [TH^ 3< FaBZ W]VLZ JTOZ: :bW\ WDJMQ 3F [Q, (H[JC[B D:_ 3OZFZ :|O; FX" XeBZ XGj &W[Q, (F3< (H[JC[B MZ JXW 3e UZ[LQ FX" [3MZ 5MZ XGj H")XT! Qe3WKZ LP L[XQZ WNWDe" 3F ,3 WZQ 3F +DU_F HO MX WTM [3MZ XG 5bO WO3ZO; W"JCZ Te= IgO &7[?MZ Faj W"WD 3< 3ZM_TZX; 1O (H[JC[B O[:J=O 3F :[OMa Ma %"3&E :]=Z, 5, XWj Te= IgO &7[?MZ -W\ W"JCZ XG [:WFa [H9Qa Qe3WKZ 8]FZT LP Tez=75 +[BUB J'ZFa 3F [Q, JZ3ZMDZ :Z5|3BZ $[KMZF 8QZMZ CZ 1O :F-+[B[F[EMe" 3F J\8 3< vO; 3e 3L 3OFa 3Z WZC_3 +MZW [3MZj 4ZW3O UXO; &QZ3e" LP :XN 8]FZT 3F DfOZF Qe5 H[OTZO 3F WZC Te= DEFa 3F J:ZM 9=h\ 3Z Q];I (>ZFa LP 7MZDZ


< WTM^A > JZ,7 Wa# W]VLZ JTOZ:, T_"DZ 3OZB 1O +KZ >Z3>O >XOZMZ :Z W3BZ XGj $5O WDF LP &BF\ L[XQZ,7 %&c Be BJT\O X; JDQ :Z,5\ 1O :ED; X; XLZOE J\8 ,3 [:CLaDZO Qe3WKZ Xe5\j 1MQ[3 (FLP EbM_ XG, $F]UZWF XG, WL; XG, [:F 8\:Q 3< W2B :|OB XG WDF 3ej F\O: &W[Q, K\ %UN[TB XW [3 Qe3WKZ JC[5B 3OZFa LP L[XQZ0" 3< KZ5\DZO; F5:M XGj TbWa F\O: &W JZB 3e JT\3ZOBa XW [3 HXQa WZQ 3F $"[BL W2 LP 3N$aW $0M^ We[FMZ 5NE\ Fa [TH :ZO; [3MZ CZ [3 WK\ WNWD WDF LP XZ[:O OXQj &W T:X Wa K\ WDF LP L[XQZ WNWDe" 3< (H[JC[B $J B3 $59; OX;j Qa[3F [WIa XZ[:O; Wa DZTaDZO; FX" JFB\j JXW LP Ta H]zVe" 3< B]QFZ LP :IWp; WZ[JB y' XWj L[XQZ0" MZOZ W"WD LP 3L WTZQ H^9E :ZFa 3F W"DK_ LP OZ7MWKZ WZ"WD $F]W^&MZ (&3F 3XB\ XW [3 -WZ FX" XG, :XZ" L]KQ 3< JZB %B\ XG TXZ" L[XQZ :F+[B[F[0Z WTZQ (>ZB\ XW 1O (W3Z WO3ZO 3< 0O Wa :TZJ K\ [LQBZ XGj (&3F 3XB\ XW [3 MX :|O XG [3 (Q-:]Q^Q WTZQ 3OFa 3< %DB L[XQZ :F+[B[F[0ZMQ 3< FX" XGj TX" 3R );M $ZL\A [T3ZW OZ7ML"2\ $5ZCZ W"5LZ 3Z 3XFZ Be&E J5b O K\ 3ZL3Z: [3MZ :Z W3BZ XG j F\O: H] z V [DQ8JH\ [D4ZBa XWj W"JCZ 3F WDJMe" Fa F]13& FZ=3e" WZW"DQ 3< B]QFZ LP L[XQZ WZW"De" 3< JaXBO KZ5\DZO; XG [3 L[XQZ,7 HXQa 3< B]QFZ LP $J W"WD LP L]4O 1O 3Z=@`F 3F :[OMa $[KMZF 3e WIQ JFZMZj HaUa Wa 3Z=@_[FJ= 1O Te= IgO &7[?MZ 3F $[KMZF 3e Qa3O JyB W"B]I= XWj (F3Z 3XFZ XG [3 &WWa Xe3O (KO; XWj TX 3FTQ WTZQ X; FX" J[E3 3' [FDEU3 F\O: 5]?BZ L[XQZ WNWDe" 3F +DU_F HO $Q5 L[XQZ0" 3F 33 +[BUB %O^A 3< LN5 3e WX; L]KQ HO JaJZ3 OZM O4B\ XWj MX $Q5 JZB XG [3 L\[?MZ L[XQZ :F+[B[F[0ZMQ 3F L]KQ 3e F:[OMZ O4Ba XWj F\O: 3XBa XW, A%"3&E 5L_:eU\ 3F WZC FX" (>ZBZ XGj W"5LZ [FOZUZ:F3 :|O XW Qa[3F M[D [H9Qa JXW LP KZ5 QaFa TZQ\ =gH 5 L9XQZ,7 3XB\ XW [3 L[XQZ :F+[B[F[0ZMQ Fa W"WD WZQ 15T! Qe3WKZ 3Z HXQZ 1O vWOZ 3< 5[B[T[0Z LP $J J'-8'3O [XJWZ WZQ DE4P Be L[XQZ +[B[F[EMQ Fa (H[JC[B 1. ?g. ;NW\ Je;8Z QiL\ (3N$aW) %"! +DEU 32 JZO QaFZ U]| 3O [DMZ XGj L5O Te= IgO 3F LZLQa LP $59Z +DU_F [3MZ XGjB 5XOZBa 2. W]VLZ JTOZ: (KZ:HZ) [T9DUZ(L.+.) 27 JZO $TaMOFaW 3F %"3&e" HO F:O ?ZQP Be 8\:P Qe3BN[23 W"3= 3F J\8 Qe3WKZ LP 3. :M3\ JaF (KZ:HZ) LaXWFZ (5]:OZB) 24 JZO WZI Xe :ZB\ XWj L[XQZ WNWDe"a 3Z $59Z +DU_F %UZ 3< 4. W][L2Z LXZ:F (KZ:HZ) &7DfO (L.+.) 27 JZO WDF LP ,3 WZQ 3F DfOZF De LZLQQ [3OA 3F |H LP [D4Z' DEBZ XG 1MQ[3 Ta LP X; H]zVe" 3Z +[BUB 3L XGj (FBZQ\W EbM_ 1O $F]UZWF JFZ, O4B\ XWj MX 5. ?g. O;FZ ?E(FZ5) (,%'=;W\) y5Q\ (H.J".) 15 JZO +[BUB L[XQZ WNWDe" Fa WN7WD [F[E 48_ W"WD LP ,3 %DU_ JCZ[HB 3O W3BZ XGj 3< Be H]zV WZW"De" LP LZ2 35 +[BUB Fa (F3Z MX +DU_F WZ[JB 3OBZ XG [3 WDF W"WD LP (H[JC[B LP $GTQ 5 L9XQZ,7 X; $HFa 3eV 3Z &JBaLZQ [3MZj [F:\ LP 8\4a-[8EQZ, 1O JaT:X $F]UZWF WDJMBZ [TEaM3 LP L[XQZ0" 3< 1. W][JLBZ J(O; (W\H\%',L) [TQZWH]O (H.J".) 72 KZ5\DZO; 12 +[BUB OX; Be H]zV WNWDe" 2. ?g. +KZ :3UeO BZ[TD (3N$aW) DZXeD (5]:OZB) 71 3< 16 +[BUBj 3>Q 42 +[BUB 3. WZ9O3Z DETP) J6aQ (%O,Q?;) XCOW((.+.) 71 L[XQZ0" Fa WTZQ H^9E Be H]zV WNWDe" 4. ;NW\ Te;8Z QiL\ (3N$aW) [T[:FZ$ZLa(%".+.) 69 3Z +[BUB 58 OXZj $HFa 6OQ LP WTZQe" 3< Jf9ZO Wa 6OTZQe" 3e HOEUZF 3OFa 5. OZF\ F^OZX (3N$aW) $WL 69 TZQ\ %E\ w[FMZ 3Z +[B[F[E;T W"WD LP L^3 X; F:O %BZ XGj 3K\ OZL LFeXO +FF3ZQ LP WTZQ H^9Fa TZQ\ $GTQ 5 Qe[XMZ DEU 3< +EZFL"2\ JFFa Wa HXQa Ba :BOOO WNWD &7[DOZ 5NE\ 3e A5^"5\ 1. W][+MZ W]Qa (,FW\H\) JZOZLB\ (LXZOZI7) 170 5][&MZB 3X3O W"Je[EB 3OBa Ca Qa[3F JaEQZO; (3FO=3) 152 Te= IgO &7[?MZ 3F F\O: 2. :a. UNBZ (KZ:HZ) %: W"WD LP &BF\ WZO; A5^"5\ 5]9&MZ0"B 3. OZ:3>LZO; O;FZ [W"X (3N$aW) +BZH5' ((.+.) 151 3e DE43O TX XGOB LP H& :ZBaj XL 5]?BZ L[XQZ WNWDe" 4. :MZ+DZ FZX=Z (WHZ) OZLH]O ((.+.) 139 (CL\D 3OBa XW :3 &79DOZ 5NE\ 3< BOX Ma 3F +DU_F HO $Q5 5^"5\ 5]9&MZ,7 K\ $HFa +DU_F Wa &W FZL 5. OLZ DET\ (KZ:HZ) [UTXO ([JXZO) 135 3e ;]>QZ DQ5\j ● F:[OMZ O4Ba XWj 28 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


%TOA 3CZ

J\-J3AQ WTM^A

[J:FaW J3AQQ

(Le5 :5B LP J'Ba 6e=ZQQ Wa ,LJ\, HXQa Wa 7MZDZ LX;TH^A_ Xe 5MZ XGj %&, :ZFP 3 W]F\B $Oe&Z 1O $9O7DL L]4:?

3

' 3ZOAQ Wa [H9QZ WZQ JyB 4OZJ J\BZ XGj KZOB\M (Le5 3< 3>9 FZL\ X[JBMN ,3 3F JZD ,3 6e=ZQa LP I8WB\ OX"j

%[C_3 W]EZOQ 3< 20T! WZQ[5OX LP 3ZOeJZO; [TFTWF\MBZ ([:W3Z [T3ZW &F X[JBMQ 3F 3ZOA CL-WZ 5MZ XG) 3e 5XOZ ;=3Z Q5Z XGj LX75Z' DO )78\ JF\ y' XG 1O [8"[BB 9O:T_ JV3 BCZ WO3ZO 3F [Q, 8]FfB\ JF\ y' XGj 1O [T3ZW DO 3< 5[B K\ E\L\ OXFa 3F 3ZOA XZQ 3F %"3&Q Wa M[D 3>9 [F3Q 3O %BZ XG Be TX AKZOB 3< BO13<B 3F 4BOE LP H&Fa 3< %U"3Z X; XGj MX [8"BZ:F3 XGj W\E\ W\ JZB XG [3 :J [T3[WB DEU W"3= LP XW Be 3e' $K\ FX" :ZF W3BZ [3 &W W"3= 3Z $WO KZOB HO [3BFZ H&E5Zj Qa[3F 2008 Wa $K\ 3< [JC[B [K>F XGj MX KZOB 3F [T3ZW LP L:J^B KOeWa Wa (H:\ [JC[B XGj &WLP @EO WZO; ):O JO3OZO XG 1MQ[3 [FM][1BMQ 3Z DfO :ZO; XGj Fb[B3BZ 3< JZB 3< :Z, Be %Qe8FZ 3F [Q, (Le5-E"EZ WJWa HXQZ [FUZFZ JFBZ XGj Qe5 $J :e[4L 3F +[B W8aB Xe 5, XW, Ta $J 7MZDZ WZTEZF XWj 3e' K\ :aQ :ZFZ HW"D FX" 3OBZj &W\ 88O 3Z 3>9 $"U [J:FaW J3AQ ^a2Q LP K\ H#8 5MZ XG :XN JZ:ZO HO UeE 3OFa TZQ\ ,:PW\ ,L?;%O, MZOZ [3, 5, WTM 3F %EZO HO %(=Q]3 Fa (F3< >eW OW[385 [FEO[OB 3< XGj MX W^8\ ,3 $L^EM [FDN[U3Z JF W3B\ XGj %: :J ,LJ\, 3< +3D[B HO;^Z +AZQ\ Wa 1O [TDEU\ [TFT[TLZQMQ Wa Qa3O Wb=EQZ&= 3XHW BCZ 5ZMJ XeBa 3gQa:Q 3F LZLQQ B3 LP JDQ OX; XG, XLZOZ MX Hb3F: WT_3aI> W"JCZFQ 3< W^8\ HaU 3O OXZ XGj 1O XL MX K\ JBZ,75a [3 M]TZ +J"E3 1MZ AKQZB 3O OXE XW, :e %: 3F W"DK_ LP 3ZI< L^EMTZF XGj XLaUZ 3< BOX XLFa 8MF J]9JLZF\ Wa :3MZ XGj ● 32 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


3Z OeLN8

FP 3HWa...

U\V_ 10 WO3ZO; J\-J3AQ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

%'%',L %'%',L %'%',L ,I,L,W %'%',L %'%',L %'%',I=; ,F%'=;%'' :LFZQZQ J:Z: &7J=;. 2I LbFa. ,W.:a.LaXBZ J3AQ,%'%'=; JgCJa

$XLDZJZD

3>Q (1,000) 926.5

JP5Q^z

920.2

3eQ3ZBZ

918.4

9DEQ\

878.3

3e;\3e&

871.9

&7DfO

865.9

9DEQ\

862.0

L]"J'

855.0

L]"J'

843.7

L]"J'

835.3

U\V_ 10 5bO WO3ZO; J\-J3AQ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

,1W,Q%O%' ,L?;%' ,W.H\. :bF &7J=;. 2I LbFa. %',L=; ,1W%',L ,F,L%',L,W %',L%' ,WW\,L,8%O?; =;,H\,L%' 3F.:a.WeLbMZ &7J=;. 2I LbFa.

:LUaDH]O

3>Q (1,000) 895.4

5]&5NT

875.8

L]"J'

855.2

5Z[:MZJZD

853.1

K]TFaFTO

852.8

L]"J'

847.7

9DEQ\

842.2

H]Aa

837.4

L[AHZQ

824.4

L]"J'

823.2

U\V_ 3 LXZF5OQ 3F J\-J3AQ 9DEQ\-,FW\%O

L]"J'

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3

,I,L,W ,L?;%', 5]&5NT %'%',I=;

H]Aa

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3

8a>F' W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3 UX X; UX# 3F.:a. WeLbMZ &7J=;=3^= 2I LbFa:LP= L]"J' LP UBO7: 4aQBa 9Z2, MX U\V_ DW 5bO WO3ZO; J\-J3AQQ LP Wa XG

,WW\,L,8%O?; JZQZ:\ &7J=;. %',L'?;

XGDOZJZD

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3

9ZMZ# $[LB XOZQ3O

%'W\,I,%' J\.J3AQ ,L,,F,:\' %'H\'

,Q%'J\, %',I,L%O ?;,L,W $>FZ M^[F.

JP5Q^z

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3

,W.H\. :bF &7J=;. ,F%'=;%'' ,F,L%',L,W

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3

%'%',L %',I%',L ,1W%',L' $Z:I1W# 3>QD;H

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 33


%TOA 3CZ

J\-J3AQ WTM^A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

TV_ 2010 Wa JDQZT

3aA\

U\V_ 75 +J"EF 3gQa:

1 1 2 1 2 2

1 1 1 3 3 1 2 3 9 5 1 4

5 1 6

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

%'%',L %'%',L %'%',L ,1W,Q%O%' ,I,L,W ,L?;%' %'%',L %'%',L %'%',I=; ,W.H\.:bF &7J=;. 2I LbFa. ,F%'=;%'' %',L=; ,1W%',L ,F,L%',L,W :LFZQZQ J:Z: &7J=;. 2I LbFa. %',L%' ,WW\,L,8%O?; ,W.:a.LaXBZ J3AQ,%'%'=;,JgCJa T\:\,W0,L, %'%'=;,4&5H]O =;,H\,L%' 3F.:a. WeLbMZ &7J=;. 2I LbFa. ?;,L,W, %'%'=;, 9DEQ\ 5eTZ &7J=;. 2I. LbFa. %'%',I,L J\%',L=;'W\,8 KZOB\MDZWF &7J=;. 2I LbFa. %'W\,I,%' J\-J3AQ ,L,,F,:\' [W?E>XL &7J=;.2I LbFa. ,Q%'J\, [T[Q"53O &7J=;. %I LbFa. JZQZ:\ &7J=;. 2I Lg?`F LbFa. ,F%',,L ,QJ\,W%',L &7J=;. 2I LbFa., [FOLZ M^[F. 9DEQ\ J3AQ 2I &3eFZ[L1W IeO J3AQ 2I LbFa. 9?HZ=`LP= 2I LbFa. J=.,,F%'=; %',I,L%O

$XLDZJZD

8MF GM[1B;T Ub^[A3 %EZOK^B +:"MZ [T3ZW (;3DI=BZ W"O8FZ-W][TEZ Ff39OMN 3>Q $"3 (280) (1,000) (200) (120) (180) (220) 191.9 164.0 198.0 110.6 262.0 926.5

JP5Q^z

191.6 159.5 196.1 111.9 261.1 920.2

3eQ3ZBZ

185.1 165.3 196.7 109.3 262.0 918.4

:LUaDH]O

185.4 156.7 184.8 107.7 260.8 895.4

9DEQ\

179.0 156.3 182.9

5]&5NT

167.7 164.0 181.9 105.4 256.8 875.8

3e;\3e&

180.7 154.4 187.6 100.2 249.0 871.9

&7DfO

178.1 150.0 179.6 101.7 256.5 865.9

9DEQ\

173.6 156.2 182.2 102.2 247.8 862.0

L]"J'

162.1 163.9 190.0 102.2 237.0 855.2

L"]J'

165.1 158.3 180.8 101.3 249.5 855.0

5Z[:MZJZD

176.2 153.5 186.7

K]TFaFTO

162.8 162.9 197.0 103.2 226.9 852.8

L]"J'

153.1 156.9 188.9

99.2

249.6 847.7

L]"J'

175.6 148.8 185.4

92.5

241.4 843.7

9DEQ\

161.5 156.4 189.9 101.5 232.9 842.2

H]Aa

183.0 132.2 177.8 100.7 243.7 837.4

L]"J'

163.2 156.6 176.9 107.0 231.6 835.3

4&5H]O

167.7 141.0 179.2 102.9 236.1 826.9

L[AHZQ

169.7 151.7 182.5

L]"J'

159.9 150.3 182.5 101.9 228.6 823.2

9DEQ\

162.3 149.5 168.6 103.8 238.3 822.5

5eTZ

171.7 129.7 154.4

94.2

222.0 772.0

KeHZQ

166.2 118.6 145.4

97.5

244.1 771.8

5ah=O Fe,?Z

138.5 151.2 172.2

92.7

215.8 770.4

[Bz[8OZHEQ\

159.5 129.0 155.4

83.1

213.0 740.0

XGDOZJZD

150.6 145.6 159.7

94.1

189.2 739.2

XGDOZJZD

133.4 135.9 166.5

96.7

205.1 737.6

L]"J'

150.2 126.6 156.4

82.0

221.8 737.0

8a>F'

146.2 134.8 169.7

84.7

200.8 736.2

L]"J'

130.3 145.5 166.2

82.3

206.3 730.6

H]Aa

145.6 131.1 144.4

80.7

226.7 728.5

:MH]O

137.5 115.4 174.3

91.2

206.0 724.4

9DEQ\

145.0 125.5 143.7

88.7

221.0 723.9

$XLDZJZD

136.9 131.7 164.0

89.7

198.8 721.1

9DEQ\

145.8 113.5 161.9

86.8

205.2 713.2

9DEQ\

145.6 142.6 160.5

70.9

182.6 702.2

[Bz[8OZHEQ\

148.8 118.7 149.8

89.3

190.8 697.4

8a>F'

121.0 132.1 179.8

80.7

182.6 696.2

34 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

99.4

95.2

99.9

260.7 878.3

241.5 853.1

220.6 824.4

%"! 3Z 5fOT %'W\,I,%', XGDOZJZD# LXZF5O 3F U\V_ J\-J3AQQ LP U]LZO


40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

TV_ 2010 Wa JDQZT

10.12 QZ4 WZQZFZ TaBF U\V_ 25 J\-J3AQ 3< 1WB 6OEQ^ BF2TZX, JZ3< 50 3< LZ2 5.39 QZ4 3aA\

9ZMZ# H\.$[FQ 3>LZO

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

&7J=;. 2I &7=O+Z&:a: (%'H\') ?;,L,W %',W,L M^[F. 9 ,I,L,W-J\,8M^ 6 %',I%',L J\-J3AQ 5 ,[L=;, J\-J3AQ ,W,L,W, ,L,F%'=; 3 %'=;,L 3 %',L'?; 2 9?HZ=`. 2I LbFa., (JLZ[FMZ M^[F. 9 5\BL &7J=;. 2I LbFa. 3 ,1W%',L' 9 ,WW\,L,W +aJ=;: &7J=;. 2I LbFa. 5 H\,W:\ &7J=;. 2I LbFa. 2 :MH]9OMZ &7J=;. 2I LbFa. 3F%'%'=; J3AQ 2I LbFa. 3 ,W%'',W 3gQa: 2I LbFa.J=. 3 ?;,L,W, $>FZ M^[F. $L_BZ J3AQ 2I [J:FaW 1 &7J=;. 2I LbFa. J=?;: 10 ,[UMZ-HbWa:I3 &7J=;.2I LbFa. 5 %8ZM_ &7J=;.2I LbFa.,7? ,WW\ 3 T\,,L,F%'W\0,L 4 H":ZJ 3gQa: 2I =E3 2 :a%',L,W 1 ?;,L,W, H]-8aO; M^[F. 10 OZ:[5O; WP=O IgO [J:FaW J=?;: 4 ,1M^OE= &7J=;. 2I LbFa. =E3 2 ,F%'%',Q,L WP=O IgO LbFa J=. 4 %',8,L%O &7J=;. 2I |OQ LbFa. 10 ?;,L,W%O, [2H]&E 3gQa: 9?HZ. 2I ,LJ\,, H\',W%'=; 6 Ig8^_F &7J=;. 2I &7J=;. [J:FaW ,H\:a J3AQ 2I LbFa. 7 eZF 7Me[B &7J=;. 2I LbFa. F\8a [5OZ ■ 5bO WO3ZO;

EFJZD

160.4 118.4 128.9

96.0

164.6 668.3

TZOZAW\

145.9 106.3 149.2

82.8

182.4 666.6

JP5Q^z

130.3 131.5 147.2

86.1

171.0 666.1

Fe,?Z

129.1 126.3 140.7

78.7

183.2 658.0

&QZXZJZD

142.1 118.1 136.6

82.4

166.8 646.0

FT\ L]"J'

111.5 123.3 146.5

69.3

186.2 636.8

H]Aa

134.4 114.8 143.3

73.8

140.1 606.4

XGDOZJZD

136.1 113.5 143.1

79.8

126.2 598.7

[TUZ4ZHhFL

128.3 116.0 120.4

75.4

151.6 591.7

JP5Q^z

108.8 115.2 125.8

77.1

141.5 568.4

3e[58

113.9 98.3

131.5

62.4

140.2 546.3

&7DfO

95.6 104.0 124.0

71.2

143.6 538.4

3eM"J=@O

98.2 113.7 120.0

73.4

128.2 533.5

UXO

5

)HO 8'Z ■ WO3ZO;

XGDOZJZD

8MF +:"MZ (200) 122.1

JDQZT FX"

Q4F)

GM[1B;T Ub^[A3 %EZOK^B [T3ZW (;3DI=BZ W"O8FZ-W][TEZ Ff39OMN 3>Q $"3 (280) (1,000) (120) (180) (220) 152.6 169.4 75.4 166.4 685.9

106.1

51.3

159.4 518.2

K]TFaFTO

89.8 102.1 108.7

67.4

134.8 502.8

FT\ L]"J'

81.7

84.4

97.5

37.7

147.1 448.4

8a>F'

99.1

80.7

95.5

51.4

114.1 440.8

3eM"J=@O

64.9

85.1

102.2

57.9

98.9

5Z[:MZJZD

73.8

64.9

73.2

50.4

127.9 390.2

9DEQ\

64.8

68.6

86.6

44.4

122.0 386.4

JP5Q^z

55.6

83.6

96.3

47.9

98.4

H]Aa

61.3

69.6

90.7

48.4

111.1 381.1

Q][EMZFZ

59.0

73.5

97.3

45.3

104.6 379.7

9DEQ\

58.2

83.4

77.0

26.2

134.8 379.6

H]-8aO;

81.6

56.9

82.7

47.1

108.9 377.2

3e[58

67.0

67.0

90.7

55.2

96.9

5ah=O Fe,?Z

54.5

77.2

72.7

50.1

111.3 365.8

5ah=O Fe,?Z

66.9

79.5

65.3

43.6

110.2 365.5

:MH]O

74.2

57.2

88.5

45.7

:MH]O

59.6

70.7

69.6

53.6

FZ5H]O

78.8

77.8

82.5

33.6

JP5Q^z

54.8

66.7

81.8

42.5

109.1 354.9

9DEQ\

51.9

62.6

88.6

38.8

112.2 354.1

9DEQ\

64.2

76.0

87.6

44.9

8"?;5' F' +[T9b

58.8

68.8

79.2

36.6

102.2 99.2

96.0

409.0

381.8

376.8

361.6

105.8 359.3 83.9

80.1

356.6

352.8

102.2 345.6

W"2MZ 2010 3< OW:385 DUOB\ XG

TJB][FI> %"3&E Ka:Fa TZQa J\-J3AQQ 3e X; OW:385 W^8\ LP O4Z 5MZj %'%',L-,Q, &OLZ, LZ&3Z :bWa W"JCZFQ 3F OW:385 LP 9XJWZ F QaFa 3< T:X Wa OW:385 W^8\ LP FX"j KZOB WO3ZO MZOZ 44 ?;C? [TFT[TLZQMQ 3< LZ>MBZ OK 3OFa 3< T:X Wa W^8\ LP (F3Z FZL FX"j $"3 DULQT 3F JZD ,3 $"3 HO %EZ9OB XGj $B# &WLP Ce&; JyB 2]9=MN K\ OX W3B\ XWj

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 35


%TOA 3CZ

U\V_ 15 38H[FMN, 3aI> 25J\-J3AQ LP :ZFa TZQ\

J\-J3AQ WTM^A

9ZMZ# $[LB XOZQ3O

38H[FMQ 3Z FZL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

9?Qg,= +g1=O ,7? 5bCJQ %'W\%'W\%' JV3 5eE?LbF WaUa: [W=; JV3 ,WP8O =Z=Z Le=W_ FeCM^OZ :aH\ Lg5_F :g>WF ,7? :g>WF &>Ie[WW =E1FeQg:\ ,8M^,Q ,8W\,Q =E1FeQg[:: [Q[L=E? JeJ=F 38WQ9=75 5]hH MW JV3

WZOA\, W"JCZFQ 3< 38H[FMQ 3< W^8\ LP 3aI> 10 3< W^8\ LP WJWa 7MZDZ JZO %Fa HO %EZ9OBj :e 38HF\ $[E3BL W"JCZFQ 3< W^8\ LP D:_ y' (Wa HXQa "L HO O4Z 5MZ XGj

U\V_ 15 J\-J3AQ [FMe1BZ0" 3< F:O LP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

%'%',L %'%',L %'%',L %'%',L* ,1W,Q%O%' ,I,L,W %'%',L %'%',L ,1W%',L ,WW\,L,8%O?; %'%',I,L ,F,L%',L,W :LFZQZQ J:Z: &7J=;. ?;,L,W,%'%'=;, 9DEQ\ T\:\,W0,L, %'%'=;

$XLDZJZD JP5Q^z 3eQ3ZBZ Q4F) :LUaDH]O 9DEQ\ 3e;\3e& &7DfO K]TFaFTO H]Aa KeHZQ L]"J' L]"J' 9DEQ\ 4&5H]O

* TJB][FI> %"3&E L]XGMZ FX" 3OZ, 5,j

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 10.12 14 15

1WB 6OEQ^ BF2TZX 3aI> 75 [J:FaW J3AQ LP 3aA\ 1 Wa 3aA\ 25 6.25 3aA\ 26 Wa 3aA\ 50 3aA\ 51 Wa 3aA\ 75 4.53

%"3&E WZQZFZ QZ4 3< BF2TZX LP

U\V_ 15 [FTaU LP QZK 3< 3aA\ LP W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

%O0,Q 3ZO3

,I,L,W

9DEQ\

77.00

9DEQ\ J3AQ 2I &3eFg[L1W

9DEQ\

25.48

,I,L,W-J\,8M^

TZOZAW\

25.00

?;J\,L, (JLZ[FMZ M^[FTwW=;

XGDOZJZD

20.00

?;,L,W, %'%'=; 9DEQ\

9DEQ\

13.30

T\:\,W0,L, %'%'=;, 4&5H]O

4&5H]O

8.01

:LFZQZQ J:Z: &7J=;.2I LbFa.J=.

L]"J'

7.77

[W?E>XL &7J=;.2I LbFa.

L]"J'

6.94

?;,L,W, $>FZ M^[FTwW=;

8a>F'

5.99

,F%'=;%''

L]"J'

5.97

?;,L,W, %'%'=;

[Bz[8OZHEQ\

5.37

,W,L,W, ,L,F%'=;

&QZXZJZD

5.28

,WW\,L,8%O?;

H]Aa

3.41

?;,L,W, H]-8aO; M^[FTwW=;

H]-8aO;

3.40

5eTZ &7J=;=3^= 2I LbFa.

5eTZ

3.34

%O0,Q 1WB BF2TZX/ H^OE HZ>3"L 3F [Q, [U^Z U]E3 3< 5AFZ 3F %EZO HO

38 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

(_O MXN XG L]"J' LP ,WH\ :bF &7J=;=3^= 2I LbFa:LP= 3< 3^Z LP 9Z2


32%# DW TV_ Wa 7MZDZ $F]KT\ JCZM\ [U^3Q 3Z 3aI> 25 J\-J3AQ LP U\V_ ^a2 [TUaV 3gQa: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

,F%'=;%' %'%',I,L ,L,,F,:\' ,F%',,L T\,,L,F%'W\0,L %',8,L%O %'%O,L

L]"J' KeHZQ XGDOZJZD :MH]O H]Aa :MH]O :MH]O

^a2 1Le[53 TF ^a2 3D[V 3D[V 3D[V JTZJ<M $ZL\A JZ:ZO

L]2M OW:385 WZOA\ 3F %EZO HO 3< 5' OW:385 Wa [F3ZQa 5,

:3BZJ\ 3<&E K]TFaFTO 3F :a[TMO &7J=;=3^= 2I LbFa:LP= 3< QZ&'aO; LP H'Z'

U\V_ 75 LP Wa WJWa 7MZDZ LZ>M +TaU HO;^Z W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3H= Lb= ,1W,=; ,W,F,H\ LXZOZI7 W\'=; ,F,L,=; :a,L'=; :\Lb= ,=;,L, $>M

3gQa:Q 3< W"2MZ 3gQa:Q 3Z %* 70.7 53 36.0 27 20.0 15 1.3 1 6.7 5 1.3 1 4.0 3 21.3 16 14.7 11 22.7 17

* 8^":3 3' W"JCZFQ Fa ,3 Wa 7MZDZ HO;^Z 3Z J3eO LZ>M :3MZ &W[Q, %100 Wa 7MZDZ 9ZMZ# W":\J L]4:?

U\V_ 15 J\-J3AQ [U^3Q 3< F:O LP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

%'%',L %'%',L %'%',L %'%',L ,1W,Q%O%' %'%',L %'%',L ,L?;%' ,I,L,W ,F,L%',L,W ,1W%',L ,W.H\. :bF &7J=;.2I LbF. ,WW\,L,8%O?; %'%',I=; %',L=;

$XLDZJZD JP5Q^z 3eQ3ZBZ Q4F) :LUaDH]O 3e;\3e& &7DfO 5]&5NT 9DEQ\ L]"J' K]TFaFTO L]"J' H]Aa 9DEQ\ 5Z[:MZJZD

,3 TV?M ,LJ\, HZ>3"L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

,:a: J3AQ 2I [J:FaW

FT\ L]"J'

M^OeH-,[UMZ [J:. J3AQ

H]Aa

$a= Qa1W &7J=;.2I LbFa.

8a>F'

%'%',L

$XLDZJZD

%'%',L

JP5Q^z

%'%',L

3eQ3ZBZ

%'%',L

&7DfO

%'%',L

Q4F)

%',L=;

5Z[:MZJZD

%',L%'

9DEQ\

%',WJ\

XGDOZJZD

,L%'W\,

$XLDZJZD

,F,L%',L,W

JP5Q^z

,W0%',Q

5]&5NT

,WH\:a%',L%O

L"]J'

,1W,Q%O%'

:LUaDH]O

,3 WZQ 3Z +J"EF HZ>3"L DEFa TZQa W"JCZFQ 3< MX W^8\ $"$a:\ TA_LZQZ 3F $F]WZO

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 39


%TOA 3CZ

J\-J3AQ WTM^A

70% U\V_ J\-J3AQQ LP Wa 75 3H= 3e TO;MBZ DEBa XW, :J:3 7MZDZBO J\-J3AQ 3H= MZ Lb= 3e (F3< +TaU HO;^Z 3F BfO HO &JBaLZQ 3OBa XW U\V_ 10 J\-J3AQ $[E3BL [U^A I<W TZQa W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3>Q HZ>3"L I<W QZ4 LP

%'%',L, JP5Q^z %'%',L, $XLDZJZD %',I,L%O, 8a>F' %',L%', 9DEQ\ %'W\,I,%' [J:.J3AQ, XGDOZJZD %'%',L, &7DfO ,W.:a. LaXBZ J3A.2I LbFa.,%'%'=; JgCJa ,W.H\.:bF &7J=;. 2I LbFa., L]"J' ,[L=; [J:FaW J3AQ, Fe,?Z %'%',L, 3eQ3ZBZ

U\V_ 15 J\-J3AQ 9Z2Q 3< F:O LP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

9ZMZ# $H^TO WQ3&E

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

%'%',L %'%',L %'%',L ,1W,Q%O%' %'%',L %'%',L %'%',L ,I,L,W ,L?;%' %'%',I=; ,W.H\.:bF &7J=;.2I LbFa. ,WW\,L,8%O?; ,F,L%',L,W ,1W%',L %',L=;

$XLDZJZD JP5Q^z 3eQ3ZBZ :LUaDH]O &7DfO Q4F) 3e;\3e& 9DEQ\ 5]&5NT 9DEQ\ L]"J' H]Aa L]"J' K]TFaFTO 5Z[:MZJZD

12 10.8 10 9.8 9.5 9.1 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.5

9Z2T_[_ U\V_ 25 J\-J3AQQ LP

68% J\-J3AQQ 3< $HF\ 9Z2T_[_ XG

48% J\-J3AQ -Wa XW :e $>M .eBQ Wa 9Z2T_[_ L]XGMZ 3OZBa XW

XL XW TX" %'%',L &7DfO LP 9Z2Q 3< =eQ\, [:WFa &W TV_ $HF\ OW:385 JO3OZO O4\ 40 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


Ub[^3 H_I>K^[L 5%10% 17% 3QZ $>M 14% TZ[A7M

L9XQZ

L9XQZ-H]zV $F]HZB

H]zV

30.82% 69.18%

HXQa 9DF 9Z2Q 3e Ff3O;

HXQa 9DF [LQ\ Ff3O;

HXQa 9DF OXE $WIQ

36.90% 63.10%

[TeZF

Ff3O; 3F [Q, F' 38H[FMQ 3Z %FZ

HXQ\ JZO %x

29%

JZO-JZO %Fa TZQ\

71%

Engg

54% %"3&E U\V_ 75 J\-J3AQQ Wa

%"3&E U\V_ 75 J\-J3AQQ Wa

%"3&E U\V_ 25 J\-J3AQQ Wa

%"3&E U\V_ 25 J\-J3AQQ Wa 9ZMZ# $H^TO WQ3&E

3D?MZ 0MZF DQ FW? LQ:\ &7J=;=3^= 2I LbFa:LP= J=?;: L]"J' 3F 9Z2

54% 9Z2 U\V_ 75 J\-J3AQQ LP &7:\[FM9O75 3< H_dK^[L Wa %Ba XW, U\V_ 25 LP 1WB 3ZMOF]KT De WZQ ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 41


%TOA 3CZ

J\-J3AQ WTM^A

U\V_ 10 J\-J3AQ +;Ma3 LZHD7? HO

%EZOK^B W"O8FZ ,T" W][TEZ W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10

%'%',L %'%',L %'%',L ,1W,Q%O%' ,W.:a. LaXBZ J3AQ ,L?;%' ?;,L,W, %'%'=; ,1W%',L T\:\,W0,L,%'%'=; %'%',I=; ,W.H\.:bF &7J=;.

Ff3O;

UXO

JP5Q^z $XLDZJZD 3eQ3ZBZ :LUaDH]O L]"J' 5]&5NT 9DEQ\ K]TFaFTO 4&5H]O 9DEQ\ L]"J'

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

%'%',L %'%',L %'%',L ,1W,Q%O%' ,I,L,W ,L?;%' %'%',L ,F,L%',L,W ,F%'=;%'' %'%',L

Ub^[A3 (;3DbBZ $XLDZJZD 3eQ3ZBZ JP5Q^z :LUaDH]O 9DEQ\ 5]&5NT &7DfO L]"J' L]"J' 3e;\3e&

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

%'%',L %'%',L ,1W,Q%O%' %'%',L ,WW\,L,8%O?; %'%',L ,I,L,W %'%',L %',L=; :LFZQZQ J:Z: &7J=;.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

%'%',L ,1W%',L %'%',L %'%',L ,W.H\.:bF &7J=;. %',L%' ,F,L%',L,W %'%',L %',L=; :LFZQZQ J:Z: &7J=;.

UXO $XLDZJZD K]TFaFTO 3eQ3ZBZ JP5Q^z L]"J' 9DEQ\ L]"J' 3e;\3e& 5Z[:MZJZD L]"J' 9ZMZ# $[LB XOZQ3O

8MF +:"MZ ,T" W"JCZF 3F WZQ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

W"JCZF 3Z FZL

UXO

UXO $XLDZJZD JP5Q^z :LUaDH]O 3eQ3ZBZ H]Aa 3e;\3e& 9DEQ\ &7DfO 5Z[:MZJZD L]"J'

GM[1B;T [T3ZW ,T" 1Le[53 $TWO W"JCZF 3Z FZL

1 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

%'%',L %'%',L ,L?;%' ,W.H\.:bF &7J=;. ,1W%',L %'%',L ,F%'=;%' ,F,F%',F,W ,1W,Q%O%' ,W.:a.LaXBZ J3AQ

UXO 3eQ3ZBZ $XLDZJZD 5]&5NT L]"J' K]TFaFTO JP5Q^z L"]J' L]"J' :LUaDH]O L]"J'

Ha= H^:Z Xe :Z, 3F :a WeLbMZ &7J=;=3^= L]"J' 3< LaW

60% U\V_ 25 J\-J3AQQ Fa [H9Qa B\F WZQQ LP 3' F, [TUaVeBZ HZ>3"L DZ[4Q :3,, 72% 3F HZW [TDEU Wa $DQZ-JDQ\ 3ZM_"L XW 42 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


%TOA 3CZ

J\-J3AQ WTM^A

WTM^A 3< HJ[B# 2011 %(=Q]3-,L?;%O, WTM^A

DE

U 3F WT_3aI> [J:FaW J3AQQ 3< OW[385 3F [Q, LZ3O[=75 ,7? ?ETQHLP= [OW8_ ,We[W,=KW (,L?;%O,) Fa J\-J3AQQ7, [FMe1BZ0", [U^3Q 1O 9Z2Q :bWa WK\ KZ5\DZOQ 3< LDD Wa ,3 W2B $F]UZ[WB HJ[B $HFZ'j WJWa HXQa (F J\-J3AQQ 3< ,3 WL$ W^8\ JFZ' 5' :e De WZQ 3Z H^A_3Z[Q3 HZ>KM"L W"8Z[QB 3OBa XW 1O :e WO3ZO; [F3ZM (,%'W\=;'/ ,F,,W\/,%'M^) Wa LZ>MBZ +Z?B XWj Ma WK\ HN8 WZQ H]OZFa W"JCZF XW 1O &F J3AQQ Wa 3L Wa 3L B\F Jb8Q 3e [?$\ [LQ 8]3< XGj LZF3Q 1O (H-LZF3Q 3< W^8\ [H9Qa WZQ 3< $F]|HBZ 1O B]QFZ;L3BZ 3F %EZO HO 3< 5' OW[385 :bW\ X; O4\ 5' XGj TJB][FI> +FFZTQ\ 3e %(=Q]3 1O ,L?;%O, 3< TaJWZ&=Q HO O4Z 5MZ XGj W"JCZFQ Wa H2Q, '-LaQ 1O =EQ\IeF 3gQ 3F :[OMa &W

TJB][FI> WTM^A LP KZ5\DZO; 3Z $F]OeE [3MZ 5MZj DEU 3F 174 3gQa:Q Fa TJB][FI> %"3&E (HQAE 3OZ,j 7MZDZ DEO; Wa :ZF3ZO; Ka:Fa TZQa ,3 3gQa: 3e &W W^8\ LP UZ[LQ FX" [3MZ :Z W3Zj [:F W"JCZFQ Fa TJB][FI> %"3&E :LZ FX" 3OZ,, (F3< OW[385 HO [T8ZO FX" [3MZ 5MZ XGj &W3F WZC X; JeEZ;L3 +FFZTQ\ K\ BbMZO 3OTZ' 5' 1O 714 +L]4 KZ5\DZOQ 3Z WZ^Z;3ZO 3OZMZ 5MZj ,L?;%O, 3F WTM^3Q Fa 12 UXOQ ([DEQ\, L]"J', 8a>F', 3eQ3ZBZ, J"5Q^z, H]Aa, XGDOZJZD, :MH]O, $XLDZJZD, Q4F), K]TFaFTO 1O ON8\-MZF\ +;Ma3 ^a2 3F B\F +L]4 UXO UZ[LQ [3, 5,) 3Z DfOZ [3MZj ,LJ\,/ H\:\?;,L 3F $"[BL TV_ LP $0MMF 3O OXE 144 9Z2Q, 216 $F]KT\ [U^3Q 1O 354 $"U3ZQ\F HaUaTOQ/ [FMe1BZ0" 3< +[B["MZ,7 &W Lg?Q 3e $Fe4Z JFZB\ XW 1MQ[3 (F3Z %3QF (F3F $F]KT HO %EZ[OB CZ F [3 [WIa HOe^ W^8FZ0" HO %EZ[OBj vWOE 8OA LP TJB][FI> %"3&Q 3F

W;MZHF 1O HO;^A 3e UZ[LQ [3MZ 5MZ- WJWa HXQa WK\ W^8FZ0" 3e H^T_ 3F %"3&Q 3F WZC B]QFZ 3OBa y, WZTEZF\H^T_3 :N8 3< 5'j &W3F JZD (HQAE 3OZ, 5, %"3&Q 3F Kf[B3 HO;^A 3F [Q, 28 W"JCZFQ 3Z DfOZ [3MZ 5MZj [:F 3gQa:Q W"DEXZJHD %"3&E (HQAE 3OZ, Ca, (>XQ OW[385 3< W^8\ Wa JZXO 3O [DMZ 5MZj &W3F JZD TJB][FI> 8OA LP HN8 LZFD7?Q 3F $"3Q 3e :e&3O 3>Q TJB][FI> $"3 HaU [3, 5,j JeEZ;L3 OW[385 [FMe1BZ0"/ 1Le[53 HaUaTOQ, [U^3Q BCZ $"[BL TV_ 3F 9Z2Q 3e "LU# 40, 30 1O 30 +[BUB $"3Q 3F %T"=F 3F %EZO HO BbMZO 3< 5' XGj $"[BL WL$ $"3 DEFa 3F [Q, JeEZ;L3 1O TJB][FI> $"3Q 3e 50-50 I<WD; 3F WLZF LX;T 3F %EZO HO DUOMZ 5MZ XGj +;Ma3 W"JCZF 3F [Q, 3>Q $"3 3e [FAOM3 OW[385 DEFa 3F [Q, &JBaLZQ [3MZ 5MZ XGj ,L?;%O, 3< =;L LP $[KVa3 3>LZO, $:\B 3>LZO >Z3>O 1O $JF\U ;Z UZ[LQ XWj

,L?;%O, Fa [JL=E3, %'%',L-,, %'%',I=; 3F WZC 3>9 H[OMe:FZ0" HO ,3 JZO MZ 3' JZO 3ZL [3MZ XGj

,LJ\, 8"# &Wa 3HWa JN=Z

+TaU +:"MZ ,T" W"JCZF 3F WZQ (H LZHD7?

+TaU HO;^Z 3Z +3ZO +TaU HO;^Z 3Z 3= 2I 8MF 3F $F]HZB LP %TaDF I<W 3Z @7Z8Z :3BFa WZQ 3Z W"JCZF 8M[FB Jb8 3Z 1WB 3ZMOF]KT

IZMDEL"D Ff39OMN

$"3

(H LZHD7?

180

280

29.15 51.87 34.52 33.52 33.13 17.81

GM[1B;T [T3ZW ,T" 1Le[53 $TWO GM[1B;T [T3ZW ,T" W"+aVA ^LBZ HZ>3"L 3F WZC 5[B[T[EMN 9Z2 $DQZ-JDQ\ 3ZM_"L (Le5 3F $TWO QZ&T +e:a1= 3F +3ZO 1O W"2MZ (L[LBZ 3F $TWO

GM[1B;T [T3ZW ,T" $TWO

$"3 32.23

120

220

200

%EZOK^B W"O8FZ ,T" W][TEZ,7

$3ZD[L3 (;3DI=BZ

8MF +:"MZ

%EZOK^B W"O8FZ ,T" W][TEZ

25.04

(H LZHD7?

32.73

Kf[B3 W"O8FZ Ub[^3 W][TEZ,7 %TZW\M W][TEZ,7 4aQ W][TEZ,7

32.73 34.36 22.91

44 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

$"3 33.70 35.34 27.12 23.84

$3ZD[L3 (;3DbBZ (H LZHD7?

9Z2 [U^3 $F]HZB [U^3Q 3< 5]AT_Z +ZMe[53 ,T" WbJN[B3 $F]HZB Wa[LFZO LP [U^3Q 3Z Me5DZF [U^3Q 3Z $DQZ-JDQ\ 3ZM_"L $0MZH3Q 3F [Q, UeE ,T" HOZLU_ 3F $TWO [U^3Q MZOZ HaHO ,T" H]JB3R ,L?;H\ ,T" H\,8?; 3ZM_"L +Z0MZH3Q 3< BF2TZX

$"3 30.39 68.51 29.48 17.81 19.28 11.61 21.50 9.86 11.56

Ff3O; (H LZHD7?

Ff3O; LP WIQBZ 3Z +[BUB [FMe1BZ0" 3< W"2MZ 3XHW LP D; 5' BF2TZX $"BOOI7;M [FM][1BMN 3XHW LP %Fa TZQ\ [FM[LB/ JZO-JZO %Fa TZQ\ 38H[FMN [FTaU LP QZK

$"3 62.61 37.91 51.69 43.08 53.98 30.73


%TOA 3CZ

[T3ZW 3< OZX $HAO K=FZ5O 1O [TFM 8eQah\, (& 32 DeFQ %'%',L- $XLDZJZD 3F WXHZ>; TB_LZF LP# $\F ,7? 5]? J=eO, :MH]O 3F WX W"JCZH3

WLZ: WaTZ LP $ C_z[8UZJ2O4Fa3<TZQ\:ZF3ZO$HAO1O,LJ\, 3OFa 3e

Qa3O JHI= F:[OMZ O4B\ XW# $ZL\A [T3ZW 3F WZC WZLZ[:3 (LLU\QBZ 3e 3HWa :e&Z :Z,, MX :ZFFa 3< &59Z Q"Ja WLM Wa C\j Qa[3F (F3F WHFa 3e WZ3ZO XeFa LP T1B Q5 5MZj

+J"EF Wa HOeH3ZO

9ZMZ# FOQ) [JI=

,LJ\, HZW [3, 3>9 9Z2 $[E3 WZC_3 [T3EH HaU 3O OXE XW

,LJ\, 3O 8]3F 24 TV?M M]T3 Wa WDZJXZO WTZQ :J H^9Z 5MZ [3 JO4]ODZO, %5a B]CXZO; 1MZ Me:FZ XG Be (W3F :TZJ LP %;L[TFTZW ;Q3 OXZ CZj (WFa 3XZ, ALXeDM, LaOE HZW 3' [T3EH XW 1O $J LV $HFa [Q, (HM]1B [T3EH BQZU OXZ $jB W8L]8 F, ^a2Q LP @EO WZOE -Wa [T3EHQ Wa KOH^O JZ:ZO LP +TaU HZFa 3Z MX 4ZW $TWO XG [:F3F JZOE LP %HFa ,3 DU3 HXQa W]FZ K\ FX" Xe5Zj Qa[3F &FLP Wa [3BFa M]TZ A$59Z +DU_FB 3O OXE XW 1O A,3 WZC_3 BO;3F Wa WLZ: LP Me5DZF 3OFaB 3< H]OZF\ 1O $+8[QB GMZ2MZ 3e JMN 3O OXE XW? XLP MX DE43O 4]U\ [LQ\ [3 +J"E3Q 3Z ,3 J'BZ WL]DZM (HM]1B [T3EHQ 3e $HFZ OXZ XGj &FLP Wa 3>9 EF K\ 3LZ OXE XWj MXN 3>9 -Wa X; HOeH3ZO; +J"E3Q 3< 3XZF\ JMN XWj 46 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

A%'%',L-$XLDZJZD 3< [U^Z HJ[B JyB GMZTXZ[O3 XGj 3e' 3ZOeJZO U]| 3OFZ Qe5Q 3F +J"EF Wa :]&Z y% XGj 3gHe_OE= 3F WZC W"Q3FBZ Wa L];a WX; JCZF HO (HM]1B +["MZ,7 $HFZFa LP LDD [LQ\ XWjB (>XQFa 3' U\V_ KZOB\M 38H[FMQ 1O JyOZI7;M 38H[FMQ 3F $XL [TKZ5Q LP 3ZL [3MZj &W3F JZD [WB"JO 2009 LP $HFa WXHZ>; 1O :\TFWZC\ [TFM 3F WZC [LQ3O XJB[UEH 1O HMOTOA $F]3AQ BeXIQ 3< ,3 2FQZ&F w3ZF U]| 3<j OZ:JCZF 3F vODOZ: 3F &QZ3Q LP OX OXE DJB3ZOQ 3F WZC KZ5\DZO; Wa &W [T8ZO 3e L^B_ |H [DMZ 5MZj $HAO 3e $59Z Q5BZ XG [3 30 $ZL\A 5bO WO3ZO; W"JCZ0" (,F:\0) 1O DJB3ZOQ 3F WL^XQ 3F WZC U]| [3MZ 5MZ 3ZL (>XQ $La[O3< JZ:ZO B3 W"H3a JCZ[HB 3OFa LP LDD 3O OXZ XGj $HAO 3XB\ XW, AXLZOE KZ5\DZO, :bWa Q3&; 3< H]JB3R JFZFa TZQa 3ZT& Qe5 vODOZ: &QZ3Q 3F XWj 2FQZ&F ?Qa=IgL_ 3F :[OMa XLZO; 3ZM_UbQ\ (HKe1BZTZD 3Z QZK (>ZFa 3F WZCWZC XLP HMOTOA $F]3AQ (;HZDQ 3e J'ZTZ DEFa LP LDD 3OB\ XG 1O DJB3ZOQ 3F [Q, ([8B 3<LB W][F[F8B 3OB\ XGjB OZ:F\[B3 JBO HO K\ MX ,3 ([8B ?Qa=IgL_ XG- MX w3ZF F]1BZ8\F\ [F3ZQFa TZQa [TDEU\ 4O;DZOQ 3< WZLZ[:3 1O HMOTOA [8"BZ0" Wa TZ[3I XeB\ XGj $HAO MX K\ :ZFB\ XW [3 MX WJ 3HWa W"KT y% XG# ,LJ\, Fa (>XQ GMZTXZ[O3 3ZOeJZO; Me:FZ +DZF 3< XGj ● QeQZ FZMO


%TOA 3CZ

[T3ZW 3< OZX E\L"B 32, $F]OZEZ HZOE4, 31 %',WJ\ WXHZ>; TB_LZF LP# AD Ja=O &7[?MZB TaJWZ&=

D Ja[WIa=O &7,3[?MZTZDE HO 3ZML XGj MX XLP (>X" (www.thebetterindia.com)

9ZMZ# [FQe;HQ J|%

A+L]4 L\[?MZ W"JCZFQ 3F HZW W3ZOZ;L3 4JOQ FX" XWj XL -W\ 4JOQ [D4ZFZ 8ZXBa XW :e Qe5Q 3e BO13< 3OFa 3F BO;3F W];Z W3B\ XWj XL Qe5Q 3F [Q, W3ZOZ;L3 3ZM_ 3OFZ 8ZXBa XWjB

8\:Q 3F JZOE LP JBZB\ XG :e ([8B XW 1O WZC X; Qe5Q 3e K\ TbWZ X; 3OFa 3F [Q, +e;WZ[XB 3OB\ XGj TaJ HO Lf:^D [3W\ K\ :5X 3< W3ZOZ;L3 4JOQ 3Z [Q"3 O4Ba y, MX TaJWZ&= 3O;J B\F WZQ HXQa U]| 3< 5' C\j $HF\ U]z%B 3F 9X LX;Fa JZD X; =;J\%' ,<QNW Qa43Q 3F WL^X 3F :[OMa Lf[Q3 4JOQ DEFa Q5\j Qa[3F =;J\%' &WWa %F"[DB LXW^W FX" 3OB\ J[E3 &W3Z QiM OZ:JT $[:_B 3OFZ XGj &W3< &59ZU[1B 3F W"3FB TaJWZ&= HO X; [LQFa Q5a XW- [TeZHFDZBZ &W3< W3ZOZ;L3 4JOQ 3e DE43O 4]D %5a % OXE XWj &WWa Oe:ZFZ &W WZ&= 3e DE4Fa TZQQ 3< W"2MZ B3O;JF 2,000 H#8 5' XGj JP5Q^z Wa WZ&= 3Z +J"EF 3O OXE E\L"B 1O $F]OZEZ 3XBa XW [3 MX WZ&= LX: 9X LX;Fa HXQa X; Qe3[+M y' XGj ● DET[V_ DZW5]?BZ

9ZMZ# $[LB XOZQ3O

3F. OZL3>LZO, 26 %'%'=; J"J', JeJ=F 38W[E=75 TB_LZF LP# W\'0, $T"B\ IFQe:

CZ JeJ=F 38W[E=75 3D LPIAZJL]OZL3>[F3QLZODeFaWZQU\V_ X;W"J[JBZ, Ca 1O $HF\

HXQ\ +e>F[B HZFa 3F >;3 JZD (>XQFa MX 38HF\ 9e& D; C\j Be [IO MX T[OI> WXMe5\ 3OFZ 1MZ 8ZXBa Ca? (>XQFa [T3ZW 3F &W M]5 LP $T"B\ IFQe: 3< U]z%B 3<j MX W"JCZ ,3 4ZW 3L\ 3e vO 3OB\ XG- [FCF %M T5_ 1O 9e=E J3AQQ 3F 9Z2Q 3e %'%'=; 3< 3[>F +[BMe[5BZ HO;^Z 3< BbMZO; 3F [Q, U\V_ 3e[8"5 W"JCZFQ (['[Q,7= =KM^=e[OMEW 1O %'%'=;-HaW) BCZ [TUaV WQZX3ZOQ (%'%'=; [TUaVe) 3F WZC :e&FZj vWOE TV_ LP H#8 8]3< $T"B\ WZB UXOQ 3F B3O;JF 120 9Z2Q 3e QZK 9DQZ 8]3< XGj Ma WK\ UXO %'%'=; H[OWO TZQa MZ &W3F %WHZW 3F XWj %'%'=; Wa ,3 1O %'%',L Wa vWOE H^A_3Z[Q3 3L_8ZO; 3F WZC 3ZL 3O OXE OZL3>LZO 3XBa XW, AUXOQ LP Lf:^D XLZOE WQZX3ZO W?BZX LP B\F 6"=E DEBa XWjB $T"B\ $J [8:3;WZ, 3ZF^F, [?:Z&F 1O $>M HZ>KM"LQ LP DZ[4QZ HZFa 3F &59=3 9Z2Q 3Z K\ 8MF 3OE5\j ● JL_[B 3e?H\3O

A%'%'=; LP OXBa y, LVFa $HF\ [TFQaVAZ;L3 D^BZ 3e [F4ZOZ 1O $T"B\ 3e [T3[WB 3OFa 3F [Q, %'%'=; 3F H^T_ 9Z2Q 3F wzX Fa=T3a 3Z WXZOZ [QMZjB 48 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


%TOA 3CZ

[T3ZW 3< OZX 8ZzQBZ ULO, 28 %'%',L- $XLDZJZD TB_LZF LP# $ZL\A [T3ZW WQZX3ZO

MO &7:\[FMO 8Zz &>Ie[WW LP B\F Wg @=Ta WZQ 3F 3ZM_3ZQ 3F DfOZF WZLZ[:3 3ZM_

A([8B +J"EF HZMQ= H[OMe:FZ 3F U]z%B\ 8OA LP JaXD LDD5ZO XeBZ XG, MX :ZFBa y, &W H[OMe:FZ 3F [Q, 3ZL 3OFZ LaO; 4]U [3JLB\ XGjB

3< 0O %3[V_B y&c 1O $HF\ 3gHTOE= WZLZ[:3 [:CLaDZO; 3< U]z%B 3<j ,LJ\, 3OFa 3F DfOZF 8Zz 3F HZW WLZ: WaTZ U]| 3OFa MZ $ZL\A [T3ZW 3ZM_"LQ 3F [Q, 3e' JHI= Me:FZ FX" C\j 8Zz JBZB\ XW, A,LJ\, 3F JZD X; WZLZ[:3 3ZL 3OFa 3< LaO; 8aBFZ :Z5_B y'j LV KZ3MUZQ\ $ [3 &W\ TV_ %'%',L$XLDZJZD Wa JFZB3 3OFa 3F B]O7B JZD L];a &W 3R) 3F F, $ZL\A %:\[T3Z $[KMZF 3F WZC 3ZL 3OFa 3Z Lf3Z [LQZjB $J OZ:JCZF 3F vODOZ: &QZ3Q LP HZMQ= H[OMe:FZ,7 U]| 3OFa 3F [Q, 8Zz Q5ZBZO 6^LB\ OXB\ XWj MX Me:FZ 5O;JQ 3< W"JCZ0" 3Z JTM"-WXZMBZ WL^X Lg?Q [T3[WB 3OFa 3F [Q, XG 1O (>XQ JCZM\ %:\[T3Z ([JXZO 3F :\[T3Z Lg?Q HO %EZ[OB) 3ZM_"LQ Wa :e&B\ XGj ● QeQZ FZMO

9ZMZ# LM^O Kh

F"[DF\ OZTQ 51, K^VA H]FZF\ 56 DeFQ ,LJ\, TB_LZF LP# Fa2X;FQ 3< W"JCZ 3F W"8ZQ3

XLDZJZD 3F TJ2H]O [JCB +[B[I>B $%'%',L H[OWO 3F HZW X; AQZ&7? H\H]EW

,We[W,UF (J\H\,) 3Z 9e=Z WZ H[OWO XGj ?Z. K^VA Fa &W 9e=; W\ vO; 3Z WIO 1979 LP X; H^OZ [3MZ CZ :J (>XQFa %'%',L Wa JFZB3 3OFa 3F JZD De WZQ B3 B3 5bO-HO7HOZ5B ^a2 LP $HF\ WaTZ,7 D; C!j [H9Qa W?BZX X; (>XQFa &W W"JCZ LP $HFa 32 WZQ H^OE [3, XWj F"[DF\ OZTQ K\ ,LJ\, XW 1O TX De WZQ HXQa X; &W W"JCZ Wa :]&; XWj DeFQ Fa [LQ3O J\H\, 3F ,3LZ2 H[OWO 3e [TJBZO DEBa y, Fa2X;F GM[1BMQ 3< :|OBQ 3e H^OZ 3F [Q, 5]:OZB LP X; 15 H[OWO 4eQ [Q, XWj OZTQ 3XB\ XW, A5]:OZB LP $J B3 XLFa 3L Wa 3L HN8 QZ4 :|OBL"D Fa2X;FQ B3 H#8 JFZ' XGjB OZTQ 1O ?Z. H]FZF\ Fa &W W"JCZ 3Z [TJBZO 1O &W3< W"KZTFZ J'ZFa 3F [Q, &WLP +J"EF +AZQ\, TJB] [FM"2A, $5Q\-[H9Q\ :Z[BMQ LP BZQLaQ, HZOD[U_BZ 1O 38?M^=O 3< LDD Q\ XGj ● JL_[B 3e?H\3O

A%'%',L LP 1MZ H'ZMZ :ZBZ XG? Qe5Q, (;HZDQ 1O QZK 3e +J"[EB 3OFZj Qe5 LX;TH^A_ XeBa XW, (;HZDQ 3F J:ZM XLZOE HZW %&[?MZ XG 1O QZK 3F J:ZM XL :\TF LP JDQZT QZ, XWjB 50 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


%TOA 3CZ

[T3ZW 3< OZX 9ZMZ# W"D;HF 8=:?

[TFZM3 QeXZF\, 34 %'%'=; 1O %'%',L Wa [U[^B TB_LZF LP# AH[OTZOB 3Z FaB_;T

:J 25 WZQ 3F Ca Be (>XQ Q5Z [3 Qe XZF\ vWOQ 3< WaTZ LP :\TF GMB\B 3OFZ

AXLP &W LZF[W3BZ Wa JZXO [F3QFZ Xe5Z [3 [WIa %3V_3 3J9O$O X; W]4-UN[B DEBZ XGjB

8Z[X,j %'%',L 3OFa 3F JZD (>XQFa [T[K>F 5bO-WO3ZO; W"JCZ0" 3F WZC JTb[593 3ZM_ [3MZ 1O 3eQ3ZBZ LP $HF\ W"JCZ AH[OTZOB U]| 3OFa Wa HXQa B3 (>XQFa ;]35\-;eH&; TZ[WMQ 1O Wa1W T3aO :bWa T"[8B WL]DZMQ 3F [Q, 3ZL [3MZj TV_ 2003 3F DfOZF QeXZF\ Fa (Ha[^B J~Q 3F [Q, 3ZL 3OFa HO 4]D 3e 3R[)B [3MZj TX JBZBa XW, AMX [T8ZO +;Ma3 J~a LP [9H\ 4ZW +[BKZ 3e W"TZOFa HO %EZ[OB CZjB AH9OTZOB LX: B\F J~Q 3F WZC U]| Xe3O %: DEU 3F 607 Q&3FQ&[3MQ 3F [Q, 3ZL 3OB\ XGj AH9OTZOB 3F 3ZM_3BO LZ0TZD +KZ[TB 1O $>M $UNB ^a2Q LP OX OXE J~Q 3F [Q, 4ZW BfO HO 3ZL 3OBa XWj QeXZF\ $HFa &W GMTWZM 3F [Q, (W H[OTZO LP HQFa-J'Fa 3Z 3aM DEBa XW :XN XLaUZ %DU_TZD; L^EMQ HO :eO [DMZ :ZBZ OXZ XGj ● ?eQZ [L2Z

9ZMZ# %O.,.8")e

+\BL ,Qa1W, 26 ,LJ\,, [W"5ZH]O &7J=;=KM^= 2I 3gLW_ TB_LZF LP# H[OMe:FZ [FDEU3, $13ZO; 7J=

XW, ALV [3W\ D@BO LP Jb>FZ HW"D +\BLFX" 3XBa 3OBZ $, J[E3 Qe5Q Wa [LQFa 3F [Q,

JZXO OXFZ 8ZXBZ $ 1O (>XQ %[C_3 LDD 3OFZ 8ZXBZ $jB &W\ T:X Wa (>XQFa H[OMe:FZ [FDEU3 3F BfO HO ,3 LZ&"eIZ&FPW 38HF\ 3F WZC :]&FZ HW"D [3MZ XGj TX 8a>F' Wa vO 8P5QHa= 3F B3O;JF 150 JTM"-WXZMBZ WL^XQ 3F WZC 3ZL 3O 8]3F XW 1O WZC X; [8[3;WZ/D^BZ +[U^A [U[TO K\ 8QZBa XWj +\BL HMOTOA +XO; K\ XWj TX 8a>F' 3F ;eH&Hh\ &QZ3Q 3e WZI-W]COZ O4Fa 3F [Q, 8QZ' :Z OX; $T[UI= +J"EF H[OMe:FZ AM^C ,1WFeOZB 3F $0M^ K\ XWj _I=Z8ZO 3F [4QZI $:AZ 3F %"DeQF Wa K\ TX JyB +KZ[TB y, XWj 3>9 LX;Fa HXQa +\BL Ba: 5[B Wa TZXF 8QZFa 3F %OeH LP H3&E 5, Be H][QW TZQQ Fa (FWa LZLQZ OIZ-DIZ 3OFa 3F [Q, 100 zHMa LN5aj Qa:3F (>XQFa 8ZQZF 3Z=Fa 3F [Q, H][QW TZQQ HO DJZT ?ZQZj J\W [LF= 3F &7B:ZO 3F JZD H][QW3L? Fa (F3Z 8ZQZF 3Z=Z 1O MX; XeFZ 8Z[X,j ● H]IHZ %M"5ZO

AL];LP 1O LaO; (& 3F $>M Qe5Q LP MX; $"BO XG [3 LaOE HZW 7MZDZ $F]KT XGj :XN B3 EF 3< JZB XG Be L];a &W3< W2B :|OB XGjB 52 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


9ZMZ# [:BP) 5]?BZ

Oe[XB HN?EM, 37 %'%',L-3eQ3ZBZ TB_LZF LP# Q[Fb5 [WJ=L, 5]&5NT LP [U^3

3F BfO HO 3ZL Q" DF3OFaLP3F+J"JZDEFHN?EWQZX3ZO KZOB Qf=3O %'%'=;

ATZJB[T3 :\TF 3Z $F]KT FX" XeFa 3F 3ZOA &7:\[FMzO5 3F JZD ,LJ\, 3< (HMe[5BZ 3L X; OX;j LV 3>9 [T3EH BQZU W3BZ $ Qa[3F $F]KT 3F :[OMa X; 3e' 7MZDZ Wa 7MZDZ W\4 W3BZ XGjB

3F $HFa WXHZ>; WL\O J^=; 3F WZC [LQ3O '1QZW|L 8QZFa Q5aj HN?EM 3XBa XW, A[U^3Q 3F WZC +;M^ |H Wa [U^Z HZFa 3< HJ[B WT_3aI> LZF\ 5' XGj 3e' -WZ Wg@=TaMO FX" JFZ XG :e 9Z2Q HO [U^3Q 3F +KZT 1O (F3F J\8 3< 6[FI>BZ 3ZML 3O W3Fj [QXZ:Z +fLe[53< KQa X; &W3Z [T3EH FX" Xe W3B\, Qa[3F &WWa [F[F8B |H Wa ,3 $59Z [U^3 JFFa LP LDD [LQ W3B\ XG 1O 1WB Wa 3L:eO [U^3 3e K\ [T3EH [LQ W3BZ XGjB HN?EM 1O (F3F WXMe[5MQ 3e Q5BZ XG [3 JDQZT 3F [Q, WXL[B J' OX; XGj $"$a:\ [U^A LZFD7?Q 3F WZC-WZC [TeZF 1O 5[AB +Me5UZQZ0" TZQa J3AQQ 3< LDD 3OFa 3F [T8ZO Fa :>L [QMZj MX [T8ZO H[OH1T y% Be 3' J3AQ [U^A 3wLMQ 3e vO 3OFa 3< B3F\3 $HFZFa Q5aj ● QeQZ FZMO

9ZMZ# LM^O Kh

O[T 3>LZO, 24 Le[XB 55_ 24 %'%',L- $XLDZJZD TB_LZF LP# _I=Z8ZO [TOeE\ XEEHQZ&F

$XLDZJZD LP [MB\M TV_ 3F 9Z2 %3>'%',L, LZO 1O 55_ B3O;JF WZB LX;FQ Wa

LbDZF\ :"5 Wa &BO _I=Z8ZO [TOeE\ XEEHQZ&F W"8Z[QB 3O OXE XWj Ta 5NT LP :ZBa XW, Ff3OUZXQ Wa [LQBa XW 1O %O=;0 BCZ [T[K>F 3ZMOQMQ LP WO3ZO-FZ5[O3 W"J"EQ 3Z [TFQaVA 3OBa XWj (>XQFa ,3 9e=; HZMQ= H[OMe:FZ U]| 3< XGj XZQN[3 MX H[OMe:FZ [IQXZQ L:Z[3MZ 3gQ 3OFa TZQQ 3< 8Ha= LP XGj DeFQ $J Qe5Q 3e 3[>F Ff3OUZX; H[O[JC[BMQ Wa [FH=Fa 3F 5]O [W4ZFa 3F [Q, A+L]4 GM[1BMQB Wa 3ZF^F\ LDD QaFa HO [T8ZO 3O OXE XWj JFZB3 3OFa 3F JZD $ZL\A [U^Z 3F ^a2 LP 3ZL 3OFa 3< Me:FZ JFZ OXE 3>LZO 3XBa XW, AQe5 :J %[E3Z[O3 [U3ZMB D:_ 3OZFa 3F JZD XLZOE HZW &W3< 3ZM_TZX; [OHe=` Qa3O %,75a Be XL (F LZLQQ 3< Ba:\ Wa 3ZM_TZX; LP (F3< LDD 3OQ5ajB $K\ &Wa 6O Wa 8QZFZ L][F3Q XG 1O WZC X; &W3Z [TJBZO K\ E\LZ XGj ● +eZ [W"X

AXL &W XEEHQZ&F 3e 3>9 XD B3 :F Qe3HZQ 3< BOX X; LZFBa XW, [WIa XL 3ZF^F\ 3ZM_TZX; FX" 3O W3Baj Qa[3F XL _I=Z8ZO [FOeE\ :ZF3ZO; 3< LDD Wa Qe5Q 3e WU1B 3O W3Ba XWjB ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 53


%TOA 3CZ

H9OTB_F

9ZMZ# $[LB XOZQ3O

3e' WaB] JyB Q"JZ FX" XeBZ# L]"J' [JCB 3F:\ WeLbMZ &7J=;=3^= 3F 9Z2Q 3F HZW %: 7MZDZ $TWO XW 1O +[BJHEO LP Ta 3X" 7MZDZ %5a XWj

$zODL L]4:?

9D

Q\H :\. UZX Fa 1966 LP :J %'%',L $XLDZJZD Wa JFZB3 [3MZ CZ Be (Le5 :5B HO DC[I= ?ZQBa T1B (F3F LF LP WB3a %UZTZD (H:Z CZj %'%',L-$XLDZJZD 3F HXQa Jb8 3Z MX ==3Z +J"EF JFZB3 [:EO DE4BZ TXN $HFa [Q, JyB W\[LB $TWO HZBZj KZOB\M $C_GMTJCZ HO WO3ZO 3< L:J^B H3& C\ 1O JZ:ZO; BZ3BQ 3F 4aQ Wa WK\ $F:ZF Caj +;Ma3 ^a2 :JD`JB BO;3F Wa [FM"[2B CZj KZOB Wa ,LJ\, 3OFa TZQQ 3F [Q, [TDEUQ LP Oe:5ZO HZFa 3< 3e' EZOAZ X; FX" JF\ C\j UZX 1O (F3F Jb8 3F WK\ 9Z2 [3W\ JyOZI7;M 38HF\ LP $59; Ff3O; HZFa Wa 7MZDZ 3Z WHFZ FX" HZQ W3Ba Caj $J KZOB 3Z U\V_ +J"EF J3AQ JF 8]3F &W W"JCZF LP (F3Z 7MZDZ T1B WO3ZO Wa TZJBZ O4Fa TZQa [FML-3ZF^F W\4Fa LP X; J\BZ CZj TXN 3< [U^Z HJ[B JaXD H]OZF\ C\ 1O [U^A WZEFQ 3F FZL HO [WIa [3BZJP 1O H[23Z,7 C!j UZX 3XBa XW, AXLP [T[K>F 5"K\O H[O[JC[BMQ 3F (KOFa 1O +[B3AQ

Ma OZJBa XW JXZO 3F ,LJ\, 3< [?$\ HZFa 3F [Q, $K\ :bWZ JaXBO 1O Me:FZJJ WLM HXQa 3K\ FX" OXZ XZQZB LP [FA_M QaFa 3F JZOE LP H'ZMZ 5MZ CZj (W WLM F Be %'=; MZ &7=OFa= CZ 1O F X; 5^5Qj W"DK_ 3F [Q, XLP [WIa H]JB3Q 3Z X; WXZOZ CZjB L]"J' 3F Ta[Q"53O &7J=;=KM^= 2I LbFa:LP= ?ETQH LP= ,7? [OW8_ LP LZ3O[=75 Wa ,LJ\, 3O OXE $"[BL TV_ 3F 9Z2 [8>LM $>ZQa 3F L]BZ[J3, KZOB $J JDQ 8]3Z XGj (DZO;3OA 3F (;HZD $>ZQa 3F DfO 1O UZX 3F WLM 3< w[FMZ LP JyB $"BO % 5MZ XG- $J 7MZDZBO 8\:P JZ:ZO 3< BZ3BQ Wa [FEO[OB XeB\ XW, B3O;JF WK\ ^a2 JTB"2 XW 1O $J H^O; w[FMZ (HKe1BZ XGj &BFa J&E 4aQ LP UZWFB"2 3e $HFa 54 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

$F]3AQ 3OFZ $J LX: ,3 9e=Z WZ [XJWZ XGj B3F\3< WZEFQ Wa QbW 3^Z LP Jb>E [8>LM 3XBa XW, A6OEQ^ JZ:ZO 3F DZMOE Wa L]1B Xe3O $J XL ,3 Tb[FT3 JZ:ZO 3Z WZLFZ 3O OXE XWj XLP 3' (Le5Q 3Z WZLFZ 3OFZ H&BZ XG 1O XLWa [3W\ K\ H[O[JC[B LP JaXBO +DU_F 3< (CL\D 3< :ZB\ XGjB %: 3F ,LJ\, Wa [LQP, TX DU3Q H]OZFa +[B[I>B J\-J3AQ Wa [F3Qa [3W\ GM[1B 3< B]QFZ LP 3X" 7MZDZ JLZ=`, M]TZ, %;L[FK_O 1O :ZF3ZO [LQa5Zj H]OZFa DfO 3F UZX 3Z WZOZ 0MZF M[D ,3 [FM"[2B GMTJCZ Wa ?;Q 3OBZ CZ Be %: 4]Q\ Xe& XG [:WLP


%TOA 3CZ ,LJ\, JFZB3Q 3e XO 3<LB HO WIQBZ HZFa 3F [Q, JHI= QiMQ TZQZ XOIFLfQZ XeFZ H&BZ XGj UZX 3XBa XW, A(W WLM ,LJ\, 3e ,3 HaUaTO +J"E3 JFFa 3F [Q, +[U[^B [3MZ :ZBZ CZ, Qa[3F %: Ta JTB"2 XW 1O (FLP 3e' 9X83 FX" XGj &FLP Wa 3' (Le5H[B K\ JF OXE XWjB &W F' H\'; 3e W"KZQFZ [U^3Q 3F [Q, 3[>F Xe 5MZ XGj ,W. H\. :bF &7J=;=KM^= 2I LbFa:LP= 3F (H [FDEU3 $AJZW $Q\ 5ZJ]QZ 3XBa XW, A%: 3F 9Z2Q 3e H'ZFZ $;M[E3 L][F3Q 3ZL XGj (>XQ $59;-4ZW\ :ZF3ZO; XeB\ XG 1O Ta ,3-vWOE 3F W"H3a LP OXBa XWj Ta $59; Ub[^3 H_I>K^[L TZQa H9OTZOQ Wa %Ba XWj TV_ 1998 3F JZD ,LJ\, 3OFa TZQa 9Z2Q LP [TUaV ^LBZ,7 XeB\ XW :e H]OZF\ H\'; LP FX" DE4\ 5' XWj &FLP (>FB W"eZFZ;L3 +["MZ D^BZ, 3ZL3Z:\ JLOA 3Z JaXBO +J"EF, ,3 3ZL Wa vWOE 3ZL LP :]&Fa 3< ^LBZ 1O $[F[F8BBZ 3F XZQZB Wa [FH=Fa 3F [Q, JaXBO LZF[W3BZ UZ[LQ XWjB [H9Qa WZQ ,LJ\, [U^Z 3< :N8 3F [Q, U]| 3< 5' ,3 H[OMe:FZ LP XZT_?` [J:FaW J3AQ Fa WZI 3XZ [3 +J"EF 3< [U^Z 3F [Q, $"BOOI7;M DC[I=3eA O4FZ $[FTZM_ XGj KZOB 3F 3' [J:FaW J3AQQ Fa $HFa HZ>KM"L LP Tb[FT3 DC[I=3eA HaU 3OBa y, &W [DUZ LP 3DL K\ J'Z [D, XWj FB\:BF %: 3F JFZB3Q 3F HZW Tb[FT3 F:[OMZ XG [:W3Z U]z%B\ DfO 3F ,LJ\, 9Z2Q LP JHI= $KZT CZj KZOB\M [TDEU GMZHZO W"JCZF (%'%',I=;), [DEQ\ 3F [FDEU3 3F.=;. 8Z3e JBZBa XW, A%: 3e' ,LJ\, [3W\ LWQa 3e Tb[FT3 H[ODCFM Wa :e&3O FX" DE4a5Z Be TX Df& LP H\9E OX :Z,5ZjB :ZF3ZO K\ JyJBO;M F:[OMa 3F LX;T 3< H][I= 3OBa XW 1MQ[3 J\-J3AQ $J ,3Q [U^Z HJ[B Wa (W [DUZ 3Z z4 3O OXE XW :XN $Q5-$Q5 [TUaVeBZ0" 3< OE4Z,7 [L= OX; XWj J\-J3AQ $J (Le5Q 3< :|OBQ 3F $F]3AQ J&; Ba:\ Wa F, HZ>KM"L U]| 3O OXE XWj &FLP Wa 3>9 HZ>KM"L :XN GMZH3BZ %EZ[OB XW TX" [O=EQ 8aF +J"EF :bWa 3>9 HZ>KM"L JaXD (;3DI= XWj XZQN[3 XO 3e' &W F' HO7HOZ Wa WXLB FX" XG 1O -Wa Qe5Q 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 &WWa ,LJ\, 3< ^LBZ,7 W\[LB Xe OX; XWj UZX 3XBa XW, A^a2-[TUaV %EZ[OB MZ (;3DI= HZ>KM"L [TUaVeQ 3Z [FLOA 3O OXE XW Qa[3F &WWa (F3< D^BZ,7 (W\ [TUaV ^a2 B3 W\[LB Xe :ZB\ XWj ,8M^,Q 1O IZ&:O :bW\ J&; 38H[FMN (;HZDF Wa Qa3O [THAF 1O Qa4Z :N8 B3 3F XO 3ZL 3F [Q, [FM[LB |H Wa $HFa $[E3ZO; [FM]1B 3OB\ XW BZ[3 W"H^A_ +J"E3Q 3e [T3[WB [3MZ :Z W3FjB Qa[3F J\-J3AQ 3F +eIFWO &7=OFa= 1O 5^5Q 3e $HFa [Q, WJWa J&; +[B3AQBZ 1O 8]FfB\ LZFBa XW :e (>XQ $HFa 9Z2Q Wa [LQB\ XGj %'=;,L [J:FaW J3AQ, FT\ L]"J' 3F [FDEU3 5AaU OZ:Z 3XBa XW [3 %: 3F ,LJ\, $[E3 :Z5|3 1O Ba:-BOOO XWj [QXZ:Z $0MZHF 1O W^8FZ,7 K\ (W\ $F]|H BbMZO

H9OTB_F 9ZMZ# $H^TO WQ3&E

3OF\ Xe5\ 1MQ[3 9Z2 [3W\ +eIFWO 3F GMZ2MZF 3e HO4Fa Q5a XW 1O &7=OFa= HO DE43O [TFT LP (HQAE W^8FZ0" Wa &W3< B]QFZ 3OFa Q5a XWj %: +eIFWO 7MZDZ DEO B3 [3W\ L]KE HO J][FMZD; JBO 3< 88O FX" 3O W3Ba J[E3 (>XQ U\V_ JBO 3< :ZF3ZO; DEF\ Xe5\, :XN Ta 9Z2Q 3e HXQa Wa X; eZB W^8FZ0" LP &:ZIZ 3O W3Ba XQj F, ,LJ\, 3F [Q, &W BOX 3< HJ[B 1O LZF[W3BZ $HFZFa 3F H\9E DEU KO LP (HQAE W\=Q HO 5QZ3Z= +[BJHEO X; J&Z 3ZOA XGj ,LJ\, 3< [?$\ HZFZ [3W\ Ff3O; 3F [Q, +CL 3aA\ 3Z [=3= 1O $59; [:"D5\ :\FZ LZFZ :ZBZ XG, &W[Q, [3W\ ,LJ\, J3AQ LP DZ[4QZ HZFa 3< Xe& Ba: Xe 5' XGj ,3 DU3 HXQa %'%',L, $XLDZJZD LP DZ[4Qa 3F [Q, 30 Wa 40 X:ZO %TaDF %Ba Ca Qa[3F %: &F3< W"2MZ 2.5 QZ4 B3 H#8 8]3< XGj 9e=E-J&E $>M WK\ J\J3AQQ 3Z K\ MX; XZQ XGj Qa[3F +L]4 W"JCZFQ LP W\=Q 3< W"2MZ LN5 3F [XWZJ Wa FX" J'; XGj 3>9 W"JCZF $>M UXOQ LP Wb=EQZ&= 3XHW 4eQ3O &W LN5 3e H^O; 3OFa 3< 3e[UU 3O OXE XWj &W[Q, M[D 3e' 9Z2 L]2M 3XHW LP DZ[4QZ HZFa Wa T"[8B OX :ZBZ XG Be TX -Wa W"JCZFQ 3F Wb=EQZ&= 3XHW 3F [Q, 3e[UU 3O W3BZ XGj &W [DUZ LP 9e=E W"JCZF WJWa %5a XWj LWQF, H]Aa [W"JZMe[WW Fa $>M UXOQ 3F $QZTZ FZ[W3, 8a>F' 1O JP5Q^z LP K\ Wb=EQZ&= 3XHW U]| [3, XWj &W\ BOX ,W%O,L M^[FT[W_=; 3Z K\ [DEQ\ 3F HZW LeD;F5O LP Wb=EQZ&= 3XHW XGj $J U\V_ W"JCZF K\ Wb=EQZ&= 3XHW 4eQFa Q5a XWj ,LJ\, 3< [U^Z 3Z 48_ K\ %WLZF 9@Fa Q5Z XGj %'%',L, $XLDZJZD LP 1991 B3 9Z2Q 56 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

%'%',L, $XLDZJZD Wa JFZB3 9DQ\H UZX 3e %: 60 3F DU3 :bWZ 3>9 FX" Q5BZ 3e 15 X:ZO zHMa 48_ 3OFa H&Ba Ca Qa[3F %: &W3F [Q, (>XQ 14 QZ4 Wa $[E3 DEFa H&Ba XWj WO3ZO; [J:FaW J3AQQ 3e 9e& DQ Be [3W\ K\ $>M W"JCZF LP ,LJ\, 3< H'Z' 3Z 1WB 48_ 5 Wa 8 QZ4 zHMa Jb>BZ XGj JV3Q Wa %WZF 3:_ 3< (HQAEBZ 3F 3ZOA 9Z2Q HO &W KZO;-KO3L O3L 3Z I3a FX" H&BZ, TX" Ta MX We8Fa Q5a XW [3 ,3 JZO Ff3O; [LQ :ZFa 3F JZD Be Ta &WWa 3' 5]FZ 7MZDZ OZ[U 3LZ W3Ba XWj %'%',L, $XLDZJZD 3F H^T_ [FDEU3 J3>Q @eQ[3MZ 3XBa XW, A%: ,LJ\, 3Z LX;TZ3N^Z JBO JyB J' 5MZ XGj J\W TV_ HXQa Ta JaXD [TF& 1O WX: XeBa CajB [T[K>F [J:FaW J3AQQ LP +TaU HO;^Z 3< [T[TEBZ 3F 3ZOA K\ 9Z2Q 3Z 48_ 1O _L J' 5MZ XGj &Wa DE4Ba y, +L]4 W"JCZFQ LP +TaU HO;^Z 3< +["MZ 3e LZF3<3DB 3OFa 3< HO7HOZ HFH\ XGj %(=Q]3 WTM 3F L]BZ[J3 75 LP Wa 53 3gQa:Q Fa 3gLF ,?[LUF =EJ= (3H=) HJ[B 3e $HFZMZ XG :XN Wa %'%',L LP DZ[4Qa 3F [Q, (CL\DTZOQ 3Z 8MF [3MZ :ZBZ XGj $>M 27 W"JCZF DZ[4Qa 3F [Q, LbFa:LP= ,?[LUF =EJ= (Lb=) 3F :[OMa (CL\DTZOQ 3Z 8MF 3OBa XWj TB_LZF LP [J:FaW J3AQQ LP DZ[4Qa 3F [Q, 25 Wa $[E3 $Q5-$Q5 HO;^Z,7 Q\ :ZB\ XW [:FLP Wa 3>9 HO;^Z,7 ,3 MZ De W"JCZFQ MZOZ X; %Me[:B XeB\ XWj F' HJ[B 3F BXB +TaU HO;^Z0" LP Me3MBZ 1O $"3Q 3Z $[E3 +KZT\ L^EMN3F 3OBa y, &WLP JDQZT 3< 3e[UU 3< 5' XGj ●


A=Z&5OB [JFZ TF W^FZ 9ZMZ# ,.H\.

4aQ-[4QZ&; MZDQ UaV

:"

3F= 3e $5O 3QbLO Wa :e&Fa 3< [LWZQ HaU 3< :Z,5\ Be (WLP WJWa HXQZ FZL FTZJ L"W^O $Q\ 4ZF H=fD; 3Z X; %,5Z [:>XQFa F [WIa WJWa 3L (& L"a KZOB\M =;L 3< JZ5?eO W"KZQ\ J[E3 HXQ\ JZO =;L 3e [TDEU\ :L\F HO =EJ= LP :\B 3Z JTZD K\ 84ZMZj KZOB\M ["3F= 3e 21W\:F DEFa 3Z 3ZL 3OFa TZQa FTZJ WZXJ IFI&Q LP 21W\:F 3< 3L\ 3F 3ZOA 22 [WB"JO 3e &W w[FMZ Wa 8Q JWaj W_O WZQ 3< (& LP XLP $Q[TDZ 3XFa TZQZ MX A=Z&5OB $HF\ +[BJJBZ, 3fUQ 1O 5[OLZ 3F JQJ^Ba TZ3' ["3F= Wa Qa3O [:"D5\ 3F LbDZF B3 Ja4fI [T8OA 3OBZ OXZj (F3F WZC =EJ= 4aQ 8]3F 8"v Je?N JBZBa XW [3 FTZJ LP =Z&5O :bW\ ^a2O^A 3< I>B? C\

FTZJ L"W^O $Q\ 4ZF H=fD;# 1941-2011

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 57

1O 5PD 3e (>Z3O Ug= LZOFa 3< U]z%B 3OFa 3< [IBOB Be [3W\ =Z&5O LP X; Xe W3B\ XGj KeHZQ 3F &[BXZW3ZO WbMD $2BO yWbF JBZBa XW [3 [U3ZO 3F Uf3<F FTZJ WZXJ Fa 3' UaO LZOE Ca &W[Q, UZX; LXQ LP TX A=Z&5OB FZL Wa :ZFa :ZFa Q5aj (>XQ WO 3F J:ZM =Z&5O 3XQZFZ HW"D CZj HN8 :FTO;, 1941 LP :>La H=fD; Fa LX: 21 WZQ 3< (& LP KZOB\M ["3F= =;L 3< JZ5?eO W"KZQ\ 1O HXQ\ JZO >M^:\QV? 3F [4QZI =EJ= Z"4QZ :\B3O &[BXZW O8 [DMZj (F3F H[OTZO LP H;F\ U[L_QZ =G5eO 1O B\F J~a XWj H]2 WbI $Q\ 4ZF 1O H]2\ WeXZ $Q\ 4ZF [IEL\ 3QZ3ZO XW, vWO; Ja=; WJZ $Q\ 4ZF 7TaQO; [?:Z&FO XWj H^T_ =EJ= ["3F=O $Ue3 LEXe2Z JBZBa XW [3 [3W\ $59E ["3F=O 3< B]QFZ %: [:W BOX W[8F BPwQ3O Wa 3< :ZB\ XG, (W\ BOX (F [DFQ (KOBa [WBZOE 3e =Z&5O H=fD; 3Z [4BZJ [LQBZ CZj [HBZ &[@B4ZO $Q\ 4ZF H=fD; 3< BOX TX K\ 8ZXBa Be &73QV? 3< BOI Wa 4aQ W3Ba Ca Qa[3F (>XQFa DEU 3e $X[LMB D;j H=fD; OZ:6OZFa 3F FRTP 1O $"[BL FTZJ 3e 1968 LP [T:?F ["3F=O 2I D 'MO 8]FZ 5MZj 1964 LP $:]_F H]OJ3ZO 1O 1967 LP HDKL3\ Wa WCLZ[FB [3MZ 5MZj ● OZ:aU O7:F


A(5Ba W^O:B Wa ):O J=eOFa 3< :]5B %(=Q]3 LF\ [FTaU

9DEQ\-L]"J' 1Le[53 5[QMZOE 3F [Q, :ZHZF 20 X:ZO 3Oe& zHMa 3:_ DEFa 3e &59=3

:Z

HZF 3F HZW $5O B3F\3< W"H>FBZ XG Be KZOB 3LU[1B LZLQa LP $GTQj ,[UMZ 3F Ma DeFQ J&E DEU M[D 3DL [LQZ3O 8QP Be 3e' %F8M_ FX" [3 ,3 DU3 LP X; Ma w[FMZ 3F [T3[WB DEUQ 3< 3BZO LP WJWa %5a F:O %Fa Q5Pj &W 3DL 3e %5a J'ZFa 3F [Q, &79?MZ WP=O IZ(7?EUF MZOZ =e1Me LP %Me[:B KZOB-:ZHZF Tb[FT3 [U4O WCLaQF LP 9OQZM"W WL^X 3F L][4MZ L]3FU $"JZF\, +EZFL"2\ LFLeXF [W"X 3F JyL]4\ WQZX3ZO WbL [H2eDZ X9OMZAZ 3F L]2ML"2\ K^Ha>) [W"X ypZ W9XB GMZHZO 1O OZ:F\[B :5B 3< 3' X[JBMN H#8\ BJ 1O $[E3 [T[FTaU 3< JZB 3X; :ZFa Q5\j $"JZF\ Fa :XN :ZHZF 3< BZO;IQ 3F H]Q JNE 9D, TX" ypZ Fa :ZHZ[FMQ 3e X9OMZAZ LP [FTaU 3OFa 3Z %L"2A DE ?ZQZj KZOB\M X[JBMQ 3< LX;TZ3N^Z 3e DE4Ba y, :ZHZF 3F +EZFL"2\ Me[U9X3< FeDZ Fa :ZHZF\ 38H[FMQ 3e KZOB LP [FTaU 3OFa 1O GMZHZO J'ZFa 3F [Q, +a9OB :3MZj FeDZ Fa 3XZ :3 KZOB 3F WZC :ZHZF 3Z H]OZFZ 9OFBZ OXZ XG 1O &W 9OFBa 3e 0MZF LP O4Ba y, %Fa TZQa 9DFQ LP 1Le[53 JBO HO 3' J&E WL;fBa :3, :Z,75aj :ZHZF MZOZ KZOB LP [FTaU 3OFa MZ [T3ZW 3F [Q, 3:_ DEFZ 3e' F' JZB FX" XGj 9DEQ\ La7e 3F [T3ZW Wa Qa3O 2=eLeJZ&Q 3F ^a2 LP :ZHZ[FMQ Fa 4ZWZ [FTaU :3MZ XGj &BFZ X; FX", 9DEQ\ 3< LbQ\ ML]FZ 3< WZIWIZ' 3F [Q, 3:_ K\ :ZHZF DE OXZ XGj :ZHZF MZOZ D; :Z OX; WZO; LDD 3F JZT:^D 9OQZM"W WL^X 3F +L]4 Fa :J MX 3XZ :3 :ZHZF 3< 8\F 3F WZC 7MZDZ GMZHZ9O3 WZ;aDZO; XG Be $"JZF\ 3< LX;TZ3N^Z WZI ;Q3Fa Q5\ :3 :ZHZF KZOB LP 2=eLeJZ&Q 3F ^a2 LP X; FX" J[E3 ):O, @N8Z5B [T3ZW, W^8FZ +fLe[53<, IHUF %9D 3F ^a2 LP :L3O [FTaU 3OQj $"JZF\ :ZHZF 3e KZOB\M W"J3D[B 3Z X; ,3 9XJWZ LZFBa XW 1O 3XBa XW :3 (F3< Ja=; 3e :ZHZF\ GM":F JyB HW"D XGj :ZHZF 3F WZC GMZHZ9O3 WZ;aDZO; 3e %5a J'ZFa 3< T3ZQB 3OBa y, $"JZF\ 3XBa XW :3 %Fa TZQ\ UBZAD; KZOB 1O :ZHZF 3< UBZAD; XGj KZOB 9DEQ\-L]"J' 1Le[53 5[QMZOE 3F [Q, K\ :ZHZF 3< OZX DE4 OXZ XGj WCLaQF LP 5[QMZOE 3F @N8Z5B [T3ZW 3F [Q, :J

:5\ (CL\D# [U4O WCLaQF LP UZ[LQ X[JBMN KZOB 3< 0O Wa +JBZT O4Z 5MZ :3 :ZHZF &W3F [Q, 3>9 LDD 3OE Be FeDZ Fa 1Le[53 5[QMZOE 3F [Q, 20 X:ZO 3Oe& zHMa 3:_ DEFa 3< +[BJJBZ :BZ'j (EQa4F\M XG [3 (_O +DEU, X[OMZAZ W[XB 9X OZ7MQ Wa 5]:OFa TZQa &W 5[QMZOE LP :Q [F3ZW :bW\ J][FMZD; W][TEZ0" 3F [Q, 3R) WO3ZO 40 X:ZO 3Oe& zHMa 48_ 3OE5\ [:WLP 20 X:ZO 3Oe& zHMa :ZHZF Wa 3:_ [QMZ :Z OXZ XGj (Le5 :5B 3F W^2Q 3Z 3XFZ XG :3 1Le[53 5[QMZOE 3F [T3ZW Wa 9OQZM"W :bWa J&E WL^XQ 3e IZMDZ Xe5Zj 9DEQ\-L]"J' &7?J7;MQ 3gO;?eO ?ETQHLP= 3gHe_OEUF 3F +J"E [FDEU3 $[LBZK 3NB :ZHZF 3< &W HXQ 3Z JTZ5B 3OBa y, 3XBa XW :3 &WWa @N8Z5B [T3ZW LP LDD [LQa5\j :ZHZF 3Z 8\F 3F WZC GMZHZ9O3 W"J"E +5Z' XG 1O 3O;J 35 X:ZO Wa 7MZDZ 38H[FMN 8\F LP [FTaU :3, y, XWj KZOB 8\F 3F &W +K];T 3e Be&FZ 8ZXBZ XGj &79?MZ WP=O IZ(7?EUF 3F $0M^ [TKT 3NB (HZ0MZM 3XBa XW :3 :J KZOB ,[UMZ' DEUQ LP ,3 J&E 58 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

JZ:ZO 3F |H LP (KOZ XG BJ MXN [FTaU 3< 4ZW\ W"KZTFZ XGj WCLaQF 3Z MX; (KEFM XG :3 :ZHZF 7MZDZ Wa 7MZDZ [FTaU KZOB LP 3OEj &W\ +3ZO 3< T3ZQB +EZFL"2\ ?Z. LFLeXF [W"X 3F W^8FZ 1O $EeW"O8FZ BCZ FTe>LaVA WQZX3ZO WbL [H2eDZ 3OBa XWj [H2eDZ &W WCLaQF 3F %Me:F W[L[B 3F $0M^ K\ Caj TX 3XBa XW :3 :IQXZQ KZOB 1O :ZHZF 3F J\8 11 $OJ ?gQO 3Z GMZHZO Xe OXZ XG Qa:3F 2014 B3 MX J'3O 25 $OJ ?gQO Xe :Z,5Zj [H2eDZ &W JZB HO JQ DEBa XW :3 $5O :ZHZF KZOB LP [FTaU 3< [DUZ LP Ba:\ Wa 3DL J'ZBZ XG Be KZOB 3F 55 3Oe& M]TZ &WLP LX;TH^A_ K^[L3Z $DZ 3O W3Ba XWj [T[FTaU 3< 8ZX [Q, WCLaQF LP KZ5\DZO; 3F [Q, H#8a X[OMZAZ 3F L]2ML"2\ K^Ha>) [W"X ypZ K\ &W JZB HO JQ DEBa XW :3 $5O :ZHZF\ 38H[FMN X9OMZAZ LP [FTaU 3OQ Be (>XQ XO +3ZO 3< W][TEZ L]XGMZ 3OZ' :Z,5\j W"EZO =E1FeQg:\ 3F +J"E [FDEU3 :M"B ?ZTO 3XBa XW :3 %: :ZHZF 3F [FTaU 3Z X; H9OAZL XG :3 2=eLeJZ&Q W9XB 3' ^a2Q LP KZOB JyB L:J^B XGj ● 3>LZO H"3:


H\M^ WeQ 3< F' Z"4QZ WO 38HF\ Fa 2005 LP H\M^ WeQ JFZFa 3F [Q, QN &=Q\ Wa H\M^ LU\F %MZB 3< XGj WZC X;

%(=Q]3 LF\ F, (;HZD

H]zVQ, L[XQZ0" 1O J~Q 3F [Q, JHe=KW_ U^ JFZFa 3F [Q, BZ&TZF Wa LU\F L"5TZ' XGj &F LU\FQ LP H]OZF\ LU\FQ 3F L]3ZJQa [J:Q\ 3< 4HB 3L Xe5\ 1O Ma HMOTOA 3F $F]3AQ XWj 8aMOLbF W]KZV 5]?BZ

6O H#8 5_X *A

WaTZB 3Z L"2 H]OZFZ Xe 5MZ XG 1MQ[3 $ HO8^J A6OF H#8 Wa 3ZO B3 &W WaTZ LP UZ[LQ Xe 8]3F XWj

Qa[3F $J K\ 3' ^a2/WaTZ,7 -W\ XW [:F3F JZOE LP MX $3EHF\M XG [3 Ta %H3< DXQ\: HO H#8 3O %H3e DJB3 DQj XeL QeF -Wa ^a2 LP (EQa4F\M XGj XZQN[3 J\Ba De DU3Q LP 6O 4O;DFa 3F [Q, *A QaFZ JaXD %WZF Xe 5MZ XG Qa[3F $J K\ 5bO Ff3O; HaUZ

T5_ 3F [Q, MX %WZF 3ZL FX"j D;TZF XZ([W"5 IZ&FPW [Q[L=E? Fa &W\[Q, $J AXeL QeF %H3F MZOB Me:FZ U]| 3< XGj [H9Qa [DFQ &W Me:FZ 3Z %O7K [DEQ\ 3< >M^ IRj?KW 3gQeF\ Wa y%j ,3 J&; 5Z&; 3e &W3F [Q, [TUaV |H Wa BbMZO [3MZ 5MZ XG [:WLP TZBZF]3A[QB LZXfQ LP De $[E3ZO; %H3< XeL QeF 3< WZO; WLJMZ,7 XQ 3OQ5aj HXQa 8OA LP MX 5Z&; 90 [DFQ B3 H^OE OZI7;M OZ:EZF\ ^a2 3F $Q5-$Q5 -Wa &QZ3Q LP ,3-,3 [DF z3F5\ 1O W]JX Wa UZL B3 Qe5Q 3e AXeL QeF [3BFZ %WZFB WL;Z,5\j ?;,8,I,Q 3F LZ3O[=75 +L]4 L][DB K=FZ5O Fa &W 5Z&; 3e ;"?; [D4Z3O OTZFZ 3OBa y, MX K\ :e&Z [3 [:W &QZ3F LP Ta :Z,75a TXN HXQa Wa =;L Qe5Q 3e :ZF3ZO; DE DE5\ BZ[3 Qe5 &W WaTZ 3F [Q, BbMZO OXQj DE[4,, %H3F &QZ3F LP MX 5Z&; 3J H#8 OX; XGj ●

Fa $HFa I>=[TMO GMTWZM 3< 88O 3OBa y, JBZMZ [3 H^OE KZOB LP (F3F HZW 300 [?J7;AM^=OQ 3Z [TUZQ Fa=T3a XGj TX 3ZOeJZO LP $HF\ WIQBZ 3Z 3aM %5a OXFa 3< 8ZXB 3e DEBa XWj $[KVa3 5]?BZ 4]D XO [DF 3< 5[B[T[EMQ HO F:O O4Ba XGj [:WLP WZL$\ Wa Qa 3O FMZ :^BZ JFFa B3 3< +["MZ XeB\ XGj TX F, 7Q? 3F :^Ba 3< [?:Z&F Wa Qa 3O (;HZDF 3< Me:FZ 1O LZ3O[=75 1O Ja8Fa 3F [FA_MQ B3 3F IHWQQ LP 4]D 3e UZ[LQ O4Ba XWj W]KZV 5]?BZ 3XBa XW, A8ZXE H\T\W\ Xe MZ ,MO &7:a1UF

MZ [IO :g5O, 'TZ MZ H\M^, XLZO; BL>FZ XLaUZ MX; OX; XG [3 JZ:ZO LP WJWa HXQa F' B3F\3 3Z FMZ (;HZD Qa 3O %,7jB TX 3XBa XW, AKZOB LP (~ 3e[= 3F LaXFB\ 300 ?;QOQ 3< BZ3B XLZOE WZC XG, [:>XQFa XLZOE 3ZOeJZO 3e W"JQ [DMZ XGjB W]KZV 5]?BZ 3F WZC (F3F 9e=E KZ' ?ZMOE1=O WB\U 5]?BZ 1994 Wa 3ZOeJZO LP XZC J"=ZBa XWj WB\U 5]?BZ L]2M |H Wa Qa4Z 1O [T_ 3Z 3ZL W"KZQBa XWj WF 1998 LP W]KZV 5]?BZ Fa [DEQ\ LP ,3 FMZ +Me5 3O ,MO &7:a1UF [T[E Wa 8?HQ, WV?Q 1O [JQHO 3Z [FLOA U]| [3MZ CZj WF 2001 LP TX :g[5"5 U^ 3Z BEQZ B\F O75Q LP JFZFa 3< [TDEU\ LU\F Qa 3O %,j MX (EQa4F\M XG [3 B\F O75Q 3F BEQa HXQa :^BQ LP 8QBa Ca, :e JZD LP E\OE-E\OE J"D Xe 5,j W]KZV 5]?BZ Fa F, [WOE Wa &F BEQa HO :g[5"5 U^ JFZFZ U]| [3MZ 1O (>XQ QNWO 'N? FZL Wa JZ:ZO LP (BZOZj 38HF\ 3F &W (;HZD Fa $K\ B3 JZ:ZO LP $HF\ EZ3 :LZ' y' XGj WF 2002 LP TX I>Q 'TZ LU\F Qa3O %,j [:W WLM TX MX LU\F Qa 3O %, (W WLM H^OE KZOB LP (W 3aA\ 3< [5F\ 8]F\ LU\FP X; C!j ●

B3F\3 1O [?:Z&F 3Z LaQ JZC|L 3F [Q, XLaUZ F' B3F\3 1O O We'[?:Z&F1O JFZFa TZQ\ 3eQO 38HF\ &W JZO ,3

FZMZJ (;HZD Qa 3O %' XGj 3eQO F^L\ [T7W 8Z&FZ =gMQa= W\= F,HF LP WJ3e H\9E 9e& DE5\j MX &BF\ WeIF[J=3F=E? Xe5\ [3 %H M3<F X; F 3O HZ,7 [3 =gMQa= W\= HO XWj &WLP (~ 3aA\ 3< W][TEZ,7 XQ5\ 1O F^L\ 3F JBO 3Z UZFDZO +DU_F Xe5Zj :Q WPWO 3F WZC MX W\,,Q-$\F W[=`IZ&? JLZ=` =gMQa= XGj

&W3< +L]4 [TUaVBZ,7 XW# ■ HBQZ, &7=OG[1=T ,QW\?; =8 J"<F &7=OIFW ■ &F [JE= [?Me?Z&:O 1O WIZ' 3F [Q, I>XZOE TZQZ FQ ■ $5Q-J5Q WO3Fa 3F WZC 4]D J 4]D 4]QFa ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 59

TZQZ @13Fj ■ De JZO @QU 3< B3F\3 ■ &F [JE= CM^[:3 [WJ=L ■ W[D`MQ LP 5OL XeFa TZQ\ W\= 1O HbO 5OL 3OFa 3< B3F\3 ■ M^T\ B3F\3 3F WZC 2=eLa9=3 WIZ' F^L\ 3Z MX (;HZD KZOB 3F JZ:ZOQ LP (HQAE Xe 5MZ XGj 3<LB XG 3FTQ WZ'E 9X QZ4 zHMaj ●


[WFaLZ [TLU_

INW\6O LP 8\4

HZ:3JBZF\ :IEL JeQ 1OBQ HO Xe OXE :]EL 3F [4QZI

:IEL JeQ 3F $Q5-$Q5 DCFM

[J

2MQ 3F [4QZI Xe OXE HZ[OTZ[O3 %B"3TZD HO %EZ[OB [IEL JeQ ([FDNU3-Ue,J L"W^O) DE4Ba y, KZOB\M L[XQZ +aW 3eO, [DEQ\ 3< WK\ WDJMQ 3< %TZ:P ,3 $"EaO; 1O 5XO; 8]?H\ LP JDQ 5' C!j L^3, JBAE 1O $TZ3j B\F 6"=E Q"J\ [IEL %H3e TN[9B LFeO7:F FX", [3W\ MZBFZ [U[TO Wa 5]:OFa :bWZ $XWZW DE OX; C\j UZMD 3Qa:Z LWeW 3O DE4Fa TZQ\ MZBFZ 3Z QZ&T =EQ\3ZJ=j [IEL +KZ5 3F (W XgQ LP, :XN [OQ\: XeFa TZQ\ [IELQ 3F W[=`[I3F= 3< [3JLB BM XeB\ XG, Jb>E-Jb>E :bWa E&3FQ 3Z W"5\B INW\6O 3F (W 8\4 LP UZ[LQ Xe 5MZ CZ, :J FZ[M3Z 8\4B\ XG, A[4QZ FX" W3Ba Be HbDZ 1MQ 3OBa Xe? LZOFZ :]L_ XG Be HbDZ 3OFZ :]L_ 1MQ FX" XG?B MX WTZQ INW\6O Wa (>BZ XG 1O [T3ZWU\Q DEUQ 3F 3HFTW HO HWO :ZBZ XGj WTZQ DO WTZQ (>ZB\ MX [IEL 3Z[BQ 1O 5]FX5ZO XeFa LP I3a 3Z 4]QZWZ 3OB\ XGj $HFa [HBZ 3Z 3;Q 3OFa TZQ\ FZ[M3Z INW\6O LP $HF\ 3XZF\ =;T\ HO QZ&T JBZB\ XG, MX; (W3< %[4O; 2TZ[XU XGj TX H^OE L]E3 3e %E\ OZB 3F $"EaOE LP JBZB\ XG [3 TX 3Z[BQ :|O XG, 5]FX5ZO FX"j TX $HF\ INW\ 8'Ba-8'Ba L]E3 3F WZLFa 3' WTZQ 9e& :ZB\ XG 1O WZC X;, %:ZD 3O :ZB\ XG HODZFU! 1OBQ 3ej (F3F J]O3F Fe83O LZFe 3hOH"[CMQ 3F 8aXOE HO IR3 :ZB\ XG [:>XQFa 1OBQ 3e $HF\ W"H[_ WL; 3O @73 [DMZ CZj FZ[M3Z (W LZF[W3BZ 3< K\ L]4ZQIB 3OB\ XG :e ,3 J2\ 3e J~Z HbDZ 3OFa 3< LU\F LP BAD;Q 3O DEB\ XGj TX HODZFU! 1OBQ 3< 8]?H\ 3e H[OTB_F3ZL\ 8\4 LP JDQ DEB\ XGj

TX MZBFZ [U[TO LP [WIa W]"DO-W]"DO WHFa DE4Fa TZQ\ (MZBFZ [U[TO LP WHFa 7MZDZ W]"DO %Ba XW) 1OBQ 3e $"4]%Fa 3Z Lf3Z WLZ: Wa 9;F QaFa 3< [XLZMB 3OB\ XGj MX [IEL 1OBQ 3< (W 8]?H\ 3F [4QZI XG [:W3F 3ZOA Ta $HFa 6OQ 3< 3HD; JFZ D; :ZB\ XWj [IEL >e3O LZOB\ XG (W GMTJCZ 3e [:WLP H]zV 3e Fb[B3 HZ4"? 3OFa 3< &:Z:B XG Qa[3F 1OB 3e 4]Q\ XTZ LP WNW QaFa 3< &:Z:B FX"j JeQ &JQZ[L3 WLZ: LP 1OBQ 3< J5ZTB 3< J][FMZD ?ZQB\ XGj W"J3D[B 1O WBMBZ,7 [3W 3DO 1OBQ 3e %B":3B 3OB\ XW, MXN DE[4,j Ue,J L"W^O HZ[3JBZF 3F WJWa WZXW\ [IEL3ZO XW, :e ,3 H[OTZO, WLZ: 1O DEU 3< WLJMZ 3e (>Z3O w[FMZ 3F W\Fa LP DD` 3< BOX KO DEBa XWj JeQ 3F :9OMa (>XQFa WLZ: LP GMZ?B DeXOE LZHD7? 3< HeQ 4eQ\ XGj HZ[3JBZF LP 3>9 W?BZX HXQa JeQ [OQ\: y' Xe5\ BJ [F[F8B BfO 60 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

HO 5OLZ-5OL JXWP U]| y' XQ5\j Ue,J 3< HXQ\ [IEL 4]DZ 3F [Q, 3< BOX JeQ K\ HZ[3JBZF 3< WZLZ[:3 H_I>K^[L HO %EZ[OB XGj [IEL LP ,3 Ja=; $HFa 3hO |['TZD; [HBZ 3F [4QZI %TZ: J]Q"D 3OB\ XGj L[XQZ0" 3e H]zVQ 3F WZLFa B]59 WL;Fa 3< W[DMQ H]OZF\ HO7HOZ 3Z L]3ZJQZ 3OFa 3Z WZXW 3OB\ XGj MX X3<L WZXJ 3< [DQ DXQZFa TZQ\ 3XZF\ XGj TX 8ZXBa XW [3 (F3< H;F\ ,3 Ja=E 3e :>L DE [:WWa K[TIM LP (F3Z 4ZFDZF 8QBZ OXE 1O (F3Z FZL OeUF OXEj &W 813O LP (F3< H;F\ 14 Ja[=MQ 3e :>L DEB\ XW, [:FLP WZB X; [:"DZ OXB\ XWj (F3< %>T! 1QZD A[3>FOB XGj [IEL LP X3<L WZXJ 3F H[OTZO 3< wFTZ[OMeP 1O (F3F +[B XO WDJM 3< +[B["MZ [D4Z' 5' XGj [IEL L"a KZTFZ0" 3Z (IZF 5:J 3Z XGj J&; Ja=; ( yLbLZ L[Q3) 1O [HBZ (L":O WaXJZ') 3< We8 XO L]KE HO $Q5-$Q5 XGj :J K\ [HBZ 1O Ja=; ,3 WZC HODE HO %Ba XW, DeFQ 3F J\8 3Z BFZT DU_3Q 3F LF HO K\ [D4Fa Q5BZ XGj J2\-H]zV 3F J\8 5bOJOZJO; 1O H]zV W_Z 3F [4QZI %"eU [IEL 3F 3R) LP XGj 8^"[3 HZ[3JBZF 3F [3W\ ,3 [IEL3ZO Fa &W 3CZF3 HO [IEL JFZFa 3Z WZXW [3MZ, &W[Q, Ue,J 3< WOZXFZ w[FMZ KO LP 3< :Z OX; XGj [IEL 3F 3CZF3 Wa :]&E (H3CZF3 1O 3XZF\ LP %, (BZO-8'ZT K\ XGOZF 3OFa TZQa XWj &W BOX 3F :[=Q [TVM HO J&E HDN 3F [Q, [IEL [TOQa X; JFB\ XGj -WZ FX" [3 [IEL LP 3>9 3[LMN FX" XWj 3XZF\ 3X"-3X" [J4O; F:O %B\ XGj ,3 5ZFZ :JD`JB\ >@"WZ y% Q5BZ XGj $"EaOZ H^ 3>9 7MZDZ 5XOZ XGj MX %H3e (DZW 3O W3BZ XG, JeO FX"j FW\|K;F UZX 3e &W [IEL 3Z [XJWZ F JF HZFa 3Z $IWeW QZ[:L\ XGj ● 5\BZ3\


JHg=QZ&= H9O[UI=

[8[3;WZ +fLe[53< LP $$WO, DEU [TDEU LP Qe3[+M Xe OX; XG [L[FLQ &FTa[WT XZ=` W:_O; 3HQZU XEEC3FMO $0M^ ,T" +J>E [FDEU3 ?g. LXEU ULO

3H

QZU XEEC3FMO [Q[L=E? [H9Qa B\F DU3Q Wa $;MZE][F3 [8[3;WZ WaTZ,7 1O LZFF\M WXZMBZ +DZF 3OZ OXZ XGj &W3F $0M^ ,T" +J"E [FDEU3 ?g. LXEU ULO 3Z (KEFM :FWL^X 3e $"BOOZI7;M, 5]AT_ZH^A_ T [3IZMB\ JTZJ<M WaTZ +DZF 3OFZ 1O +fLe[53< LP $$WO JFa OXFZ XGj 3HQZU XEEC3FMO [Q[L=E? 3Z @Qb5[UH Xg[JH=Q 3HQZU Xg[JH=Q ,7? XZ=` &7J=;=KM^=, Fe,?Z 325 [JJBOQ TZQZ $;MZE][F3 [8[3;WZ W][TEZ0" Wa M]1B $[B [T[UI= W"JCZF XG, :e ,F.,.J\.,8. ($JHBZQQ 1O JTZJ<M WaTZ +DZBZ0" 3e LZ>MBZ DEFa TZQ\ (58BL OZbf\M H[OVD) Wa LZ>MBZ +Z?B XGj $JHBZQ 3< QaJeOE=O; W][TEZ0" 3e K\ ,F.,.J\.,Q. (QaJeOE=O; WaTZ +DZBZ0" 3e LZ>MBZ DEFa TZQ\ (58BL OZI7;M H[OVD) Wa LZ>MBZ +Za Xe 8]3< XGj $JHBZQ Fa sDMOe5 [TKZ5 A3HQZU sDM W"JCZFB (3F.,8.%'.) 3< JCZHFZ [DW"JO 2001 LP 3< C\j (58BL JTZJ<M W][TEZ,7 Qe5Q B3 (HQAE 3OZFa 3< +[BJJBZ 3F WZC MX sDM W"JCZF (_O +DEU ,T" %WHZW 3F ^a2 3F [FTZ[WMQ 3e $;MZE][F3 sDM [8[3;WZ (HQAE 3OZ OXZ XGj $JHBZQ 3F sDM Oe5 [TKZ5 LP ,7[:Me$ZI<, ,7[:Me?QZJ=;, JbQ^F TZETe=eL\:, &Qa17e [I[:MeQg:\ 1O %O.,I. ,AQaUF, HOLZFP= Ha[W"5 3F (H3OA, :>L:ZB sDM DeV 3e [?TZ&W MZOZ J>D 3OFa 1O O;[W"eFZ&:aUF CbOEH\ 3< W][TEZ,7 (HQAE XGj 3HQZU sDM W"JCZF LP $;MZE][F3 3Z[?`M3 3HC=OZ&:aUF Wa M]1B QaJeOE=O;, 18 [JJBOQ TZQZ W\.W\.M^. BCZ FgF &FTb[WT QbJ XG, [:WLP =;. ,L.=;., XeE=O, '3e ,T" ?g?QO 3< K\ W][TEZ,7 (HQAE XG"j 3Z9?`MZQg:\ [TKZ5 3F [FDEU3 +e. (?g.) ?;.,W. 5CK\O (,L?;, ?;,L, ,I.,.,L.,W) $"BOOI7;M 2MZ[B +Za XW [:>XeFP 3gOeFO; &>=OTPUF 3F ^a2 LP LX;TH^A_ LZF3 JCZ[HB [3, XWj J\W TV_ Wa $[E3 3F $HFa WIQBL 3H[OMO LP (>Xe"Fa 10,000 Wa K\ $[E3 WIQ ,T" 3[>FBL ,7[:Me?QZJ=; 3< XGj 3Z[?`MeQg:\ [TKZ5 3e $;MZE][F3 W"WZEFQ Wa M]1B 3Z[?`MeCeOe[W3 [TKZ5 3< WXMe[5BZ K\ +Z?B XGj &W3F $"B5_B De J&E 2HOEUF [CMa=O, 6 [JJBOQ 3F W\.=;.T\.,W., %'.W\.M^. BCZ 12 [JJBOQ TZQZ J=EH ?Z(F M^[F= XG"j &W [TKZ5 LP JZMHZW W:_O;, TZET [O?QaWLP=, J\[=75 XZ=` W:_O; &;MZ[D WIQBZH^T_3 3< :ZB\ XGj $JHBZQ 3F 3Z[?`MeCeOe[W3 [TKZ5 3Z W"8ZQF ?g. WB\U Lb<M^ (,L ,W, ,L.W\.,8.,I.%'. ,.W\.,8) 3F FaB_;T LP [3MZ :Z OXZ XGj ●

X

O :3W\ 3< BOX %H3e K\ ,R8 IZ' HW"D XQ5aj -Wa X; WLeWZ, J5_O 1O Wg@= 9573 K\ XWj L5O 'e3Q\, HZQ3 1O H_Z 5eK\ 3Z 1MZ! Oe: W]JX Df& Q5ZFZ L][F3Q Q5BZ XGj 1WB KZOB\M 3Z -WZ X; 9OJHg>W XGj FB\:Z, 3Zx?MeTZJ3>QO, ?ZMJ\=;:, 3XWO 1O :\TFUbQ\ Wa :]&; $>M J\LZ9OMNj $La9O3Z 3F +[WJ 3Zx?MeCeOE[W3 ,7? TJ3>QO W:_O; 38WE=Q= ?g. UbFaU :bF WTTDM $JHBZQ / 0:W 5]?[TQ BCZ L^Q8"D $JHBZQ LP L]2M sDM Oe5 [TUaVe XWj (F3F L]BZ[J3 FWQ LP z3ZT= 1O MXN B3 :3 9DQ Wa :]&; J\LZ9OMN J' OX; XWj 7MZDZBO Qe5 -W\ 8\:P 4ZBa XW :e 9DQ 3< WaXB 3F [Q, $59; FX" XeB\ XWj Q"Ja WLM B3 IH=; 8\:Q 3Z &JBaLZQ 1O J]OE 3eQaJ7gQ 3< $[E3BZ FWQ LP C13F :LZFa 3F [Q, [:CLaDZO XGj :J MX C13Z ,3 [F[F8B W\LZ Wa J&Z Xe :ZBZ XG BJ FW 3e J"D 3O DEBZ XGj U]" XG :3 La9?3Q 3F ^a2 LP -Wa B3F\3< [T3[WB Xe 8]3< XG [:FWa FWQ 3F K\BO O1B W"8ZO 3e WZLZ>M 3OFa 3< +:"MZ 3< :Z W3B\ XGj &W +:"MZ 3e 3eOeFO; JZ'HZW W:_O; 3XBa XWj &W JZOE LP [TJBZO Wa JBZBa y, ?g. UbQaU :bF 3XBa XW :3 3eOeFO; JZ'HZW LP W:_F LZL^Q\ Oe?T3a 3OBZ XG, &W3F [Q, %H3F HbO 1O XZC Wa Xe3O 5]:OFa TZQ\ FWQ 3Z U]"5]:ZO XeFZ 8Z9X,j FW 3F +KZ[TB 9XJWQ 3e X=Z3O FMZ OZJBZ JFZFa 3F [Q, FW 3F ,3 9XJWa 3e ,07Z 1O vWOE 3e J"D Xe 8]3< %=`O; Wa :e&Z :ZBZ XGj &W +:"MZ Wa J"D Xe 8]3< %=`O; JZ'HZW Xe :ZB\ XG 1O O1B W"8ZO 3F [Q, FMZ OZJBZ [LQ :ZBZ XGj -WZ 3OFZ (F LZLQQ LP :|O; XeBZ XG [:FLP J"D Xe 8]3< %=`O; 3e 4eQFZ W"KT FX" XeBZ, &W +:"MZ 3e ,7[:Me?QZJ=; 3XBa XWj 3eOeFO; %=`O; JZ'HZW $Z[@=75 W:_O; MZF\ W\,J\:\ 3< %L W:_O; LP 2HOEUF 3F DfOZF 9DQ 3< E&3FQ 3e J"D 3OFZ H&BZ XG 1O 9ZB\ 4eQF\ H&B\ XG, Qa:3F $J

F' B3F\3< [:Wa [L[FOQ &FTa[WT W:_O; 3XBa XG " LP TX; +gW\:O [JFZ XZ=` 3e J"D :3, 1O 9ZB\ 4eQa H^OZ 3OFa 3< W][TEZ [LQ 5' XGj ?g. UbQaU :bF 3F L]BZ[J3 [L[FLQ\ &FTa[WT W:_O; LP HO7HOZ5B W:_O; 3F L]3ZJQa JaXD 3L 3= Q5Ba XWj Ma 3= [TUaV Ww:3Q (H3OAQ Wa JFZ, :ZBa XWj HO7HOZ5B +:"MZ LP :XN 6 Wa 8 &78 3F 3= Q5Ba XW TX; &FLP 2Wa 4 &78 B3 3F 3= Q5Ba XWj &W W":_O; 3< Qe3[+MBZ J'Fa 3Z L]2M 3ZOA MX XG :3 &W W:_O; LP LO;: JyB 3L WLM LP WTJ<M Xe :ZBZ XG 1MeP:3 6ZT JyB 3L XeBa XW 1O DD` K\ JaXD 3L XeBZ XGj ● ?g. UbQaU :bF (3Zx?Me TbJ1M]QO W:_F)

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 61

,L,W ,LW\,8 5eE? Lb?[QJ= %'W\,L%O J3gQO


KZOB\M OZ:F\[B 3F F

:J B3 5NE\ KZOB 3< OZ:F\[B 3F 3R) LP OXE, $"$a:Q 3e 3K\ [3W\ [X7W3 [T)eX 3Z KM FX" OXZ

WZ9X;M-W"J3D[B H]JB3 $"U $1=@JO 1939 LP WZB +NBQL)ZW, JCJ', W"M]1B +NB, L0M+NB, [JXZO, (&;WZ BCZ (_O-H[F8L W\LZ+NB LP 3N$aW\ L"[2L"?QQ 3F &JB\IF DEFa 3F 3ZOA 3N$aW 3< OZ:F\[B3 [JC[B 3L:eO Xe [+M"TD 5' C\j ['[=U WO3ZO DC'BZ 3F WZC 3XFa Q5\ C\ [3 L][JQL Q\5 3e X=Z 3O KZOB 3< JTB"2BZ 3< JZB FX" 3< :Z W3B\j ['[=U WO3ZO 3F &W OTbMa Fa L]WQLZFQ 3F ,3 J&E T5_ 3F $"DO %;L[TFTZW BCZ L][JQL Q\5 3< Qe3[+MBZ 1O +KZT J'ZFa 3Z 3ZL [3MZj 3N$aW 3F OZ:F\[B3 (KEFMQ 1O [XBQ 3< OZX LP L][JQL Q\5 WZI BfO HO ,3 +[BH^ 3F |H LP WZLFa % 5' C\j ['[=U WO3ZO K\ [TFTM]J 3F W"3= 3F 3ZOA &Wa We8\-WL;\ OAF\[B 3F $"B5_B LX;T DE OX; C\j TX 3N$aW 3e Q\5 MZOZ W"B][QB 3O OX; C\j [:>FZ Fa AKZOB 9e&eB %"DeQF 3Z 3&Z [TOeE [3MZ CZj TZ&WOgM [QF[QC5e Fa OZ7M W[8T ,LO; 3e [Q4Z [3 $J L]WQLZFQ 3F [Q, 3FTQ [:>FZ 3Z X; $C_ OX 5MZ XGj ['[=U WO3ZO 3Z TX JyB H]OZFZ KM vO Xe 5MZ CZ [3 1857 3< BOX 3K\ [IO L][JQL Q\5 1O 3N$aW, MZ [3 L]WQLZF 1O [X7v, 3K\ [3W\ [J"w HO 3X" XZC F [LQZ QPj &W3F [THO;B, vWO; 0O, 1942 3F AKZOB 9e&eB %"DeQF 3F Q5K5 H^O; BOX $WIQ Xe :ZFa 3F JZD 5NE\, OZI7;M OZ:F\[B, 3N$aW DQ 1O ['[=U WO3ZO HO $HFZ +KZT Ba:\ Wa 4e OXE Caj L][JQL Q\5 1O [:>FZ 3F |H LP 3N$aW 1O 5NE\ 3F WZLFa ,3 WU1B-W["M 1O +KZT\ +[BH^ 4&Z Xe 5MZ CZj ['[=U WO3ZO 3F [Q, MX $;M"B TN[9B 1O W][TEZ:F3 [JC[B C\j OZ:F\[B3 :[=QBZ0" 3e W]Q;ZFa 3F [Q, 5NE\ (W3F [Q, $J ,3LZ2 1O $H[OXZM_

[T3EH FX" OX 5, Caj TbWa K\ MX ,3 3== ,T" [TVL OZ:F\[B3 W~Z' XG [3 ['[=U WO3ZO Fa 5NE\ 3< BOI Wa 3K\ 3e' TZJB[T3 W"3= LXW^W X; FX" [3MZ CZj 5NE\ 3e JyEZ TX $HFa WXMe5\ 3F |H LP X; $HF\ F\[BMQ 3F ["MZ>TMF LP MCZ $TWO &JBaLZQ 3OB\ OX; C\j 5NE\ (W3F [Q, D[^A $,<3Z LP K\ [FOZHD Ca 1O KZOB %Fa 3F JZD K\j 5NE\ Fa H^O; [FI>Z 1O 3L 3F WZC +CL [TFTM]J LP $"$a:\ If: 1O [WHZ[XMQ 3< KOB\ 3F [Q, 5]:OZB 3Z DfOZ [3MZ CZj TX H^O; BOX $WIQ [WJ y, Caj (F3F 3XFa HO 3e' K\ [3WZF WaFZ LP KOB\ FX" y% CZj &W H^OE WL\3OA 3e &W BOX WL;FZ WOQ Xe5Z [3 $"$a: M[D KZOB LP 1857 3F JZD [3W\ JZB Wa ?OBa Ca, Be TX CZ [IO TbWZ X; W"5[>B Wb[F3 [T)eX MZ :F[T)eX, [:WLP $"$a:Q 3< J&E HbLZFa HO X;MZ,7 y' C!j 3N$aW 3F :>L 3F H\9E K\ $"$a: WO3ZO 3Z MX; KM CZj XKM^L Fa $HFa Wb3&Q H>FQ 3< [OHe=` LP %"3&Q 1O B<MQ 3F WZC [Q4Z CZ [3 KZOB LP 5]H8]H BO;3F Wa TbWa X; [T)eX 3< BbMZO; Xe OX; XGj X[CMZO &3ia Xe OXE XWj $"$a: WO3ZO Fa &W3F Wa@=;TgET 3F |H LP X; 3N$aW :bWZ [FOZHD W"5>F BbMZO 3OTZMZ CZ :e XO WZQ ["WLW 3< 9=[hMQ LP $HFa $[ETaUF 3OBZ CZ 1O :e ['[=U WO3ZO 3Z H^O; BOX Wa [TFTZ-

AKZOB 9e&eB 3F JZD 5NE\ OZ:F\[B LP ,3 BOX Wa XZ[U, HO X; O4 [D, 5, Caj H=EQ, FaX| 1O ['[=U WO3ZO MZOZ K\j W-HZ2 CZj [BQ3 1O (F3F WZC LXZOZI7 LP (KO; [X7W3 5[B[T[EMQ Wa $"$a: 8f3>Fa y, Caj JZD LP J"5ZQ LP K\ [X7W3 5[B[T[EMN U]| y&cj 3N$aW 3Z K\ JTO JDQZj &F [X7W3 5[B[T[EMQ Wa [FJ=Fa 3F [Q, $"$a: WO3ZO 3< H^O; If: MZ H][QW 3e :e 3OFZ H&BZ CZ, TX 5NE\ $3FQa X; 3OFa LP W^L Caj $"$a: WO3ZO 3e 1O 1MZ 8Z[X, CZ? :J B3 5NE\ KZOB 3< OZ:F\[B 3F 3R) LP OXE, $"$a:Q 3e 3K\ [3W\ [X7W3 [T)eX 3Z KM FX" OXZj 5NE\ JTM" (WWa 64 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

[FJ=Ba Caj JTM" (W3< [F"DZ 3OBa Caj 8ZXE TX &O[TF 3< 7EF (&ZFZ Xe, 5'TZQ\ Wb[F3Q 3Z 5eQ\ 8QZFa Wa &F3ZO 3OFZ Xe, W]KZV 3Z ($ Wb>MTZD z;ZF Xe MZ [IO FfWaFZ 3Z [T)eX Xe, $"$a:Q Wa HXQa 5NE\ Fa &W3< [F"DZ 3< MZ &W3e Oe3Fa 3F [Q, $HFZ 1O 3N$aW 3F +KZT 3Z (HMe5 [3MZj INW\ 3F JZD K\ K5B [W"X 3F +U"W3Q 3< (>XQFa 3&; [F"DZ 3< C\j FfWaFZ [T)e[XMQ 3e H=EQ Fa X; UNB [3MZ CZj [X7vL][JQL D75Q 3e Oe3Fa La" K\ 5NE\ WDGT ['[=U WO3ZO Wa $[E3 WLC_ Caj 5NE\ 3F %"DeQF ['[=U WO3ZO 3e 3K\ HOEUZF FX" 3OBa Caj Ta $"BB# 9e=;-Le=; 3ZF^F GMTJCZ 3F L]KE X; JFBa Ca [:FWa (F3F JCZF\M +UZW3 [FJ=Ba OXBa Caj 5NE\ 3e TX [5O@BZO K\ BJ 3OBa Ca :J (>XQ Q5BZ CZ [3 %"DeQF HO 5NE\ $HF\ H3& 4e OXE XW MZ (W3F [X7W3 [DUZ LP :ZFa 3Z 4BOZ XGj 5NE\ 3F [5O@BZO XeBa X; DEU LP 5NE\ 1O (F3< F\[BMQ 1O %"DeQF 3F +[B WXZF]K^[B 3< 5XO; QXO HbDZ XeB\ C\ 1O %"DeQF HO 5NE\ 3Z [FM"2A H]F# Xe :ZBZ CZj ['[=U WO3ZO MX WDGT 8ZXB\ C\j 5NE\ 3F DeFQ J&E %"DeQFQ LP Wa :3W\ 3e K\ 3e' LX;TH^A_ OZ:Fb[B3 WIQBZ FX" [LQ\j $WXMe5 %"DeQF LP OZI7;M W"6V_ MZ F\[B 3Z 3e' L]KZ CZ X; FX" 1O JTM" X; 5NE\ Fa JZD LP &Wa TZHW Qa [QMZ CZj DN?; MZ2Z 3F JZD K\ 5NE\ 3FTQ 3>9 B=;M ^a2Q 3e 9e&3O FL3 3O 4;L FX" 3OTZ HZ, Ca 1O 5NE\&O[TF WL;fBa 3< UBU LP 3>9 K\ 5NE\ 3F [Q, (EQa4F\M (HQ[AE 3F |H LP FX" CZj 5eQLa: 3g>,RW Wa 5NE\ 4ZQ\ XZC 1O 6ZB3 A3CM]FQ $TZ?`B Qa3O Qf=E Caj AKZOB 9e&eB +JBZT 3F LWfDE 1O OAF\[B HO 3N$aW 3ZM_W[L[B LP X; 5XOZ LBKaD CZ 1O TX WJWa $WIQ %"DeQF CZ [:Wa 5NE\ U]| X; FX" 3O HZ, Caj 5NE\ :aQ LP OXFa HO JTM" 3e Q5K5 OZ:F\[B Wa $Q5 3O QaBa Caj 5NE\ 3F DeFQ %"DeQFQ LP 1O KZOB 9e&e LP "LU# DW MZ $[E3 TVU 3Z $"BOZQ XGj DW TVU LP ,3 _ZL3, [TKZ[:B %"DeQF $"$a: WO3ZO 3F [Q, 3K\ 3e' WLJMZ FX" OXZ CZj AKZOB 9e&eB 3F JZD 5NE\ OZ:F\[B LP ,3 BOX Wa XZ[U, HO X; O4 [D, 5, Caj H=EQ, FaX| 1O ['[=U WO3ZO MZOZ K\j TZ&WOgM [QF[QC5e 5NE\ 3F +[B JyB B]59 KZTFZ,7 O4BZ CZj Ff $5JB, 1942 3e 5NE\ 3F [5O@BZO [3, :ZFa 3F JZD 5NE\ 1O [QF[QC5e 3Z H2-GMTXZO DeFQ 3F J\8 &W 3==BZ 3Z DJBZTa: K\


3 F\[B [FM"BZ FX" JF W3F 5NE\ XGj [QF[QC5e 3Z 3ZM_3ZQ WLZ?B XeFa 3F JZD, (W3< [TDZ' HO 5NE\ 3Z H2 W"KTB# [3W\ K\ TZ&WOgM 3F +[B [Q4Z 5MZ 5NE\ 3Z 3==BL H2 XGj [QF[QC5e 3Z (_O K\ TbWZ X; CZj 5NE\ 3F [Q, (WFa WDGT $HUADQ 3F WZC XEM KZTFZ0" 3e X; GM1B [3MZj (Wa U3 CZ [3 5NE\ %5Z 4N LXQ LP [3, :Z OXE 21 [DF 3F $FUF LP 8]H8ZH 3Q^3e: QaBa XWj 8[8_Q 3F JZD ,=Q\ 3F +EZFL"2\ JFFa HO JTM" ['[=U WO3ZO Fa KZOB 9e&Fa 3Z [FA_M [QMZ CZj KZOB $J (W3F [Q, Je; CZ, K[TIM 3Z W"3= CZj Q5K5 De Wf TVU B3 (WFa [FJOE KZOB 3Z %[C_3 DeXF [3MZ CZj TX KZOB 3e H^O; BOX [F8e& 8]3Z CZj $J KZOB LP (W3Z [3W\ BOX 3Z 3e' [XB FX" CZj 3H[JFa= [LUF, LZ(7=Ja=F 1O [IO [TKZ:F 3F [FA_MQ LP 5NE\ 3e JTM" H=EQ 1O FaX| Fa X; $"EaOE LP O4Zj (>XQ ,3 BOX Wa $FZTFM3 1O $+ZW"[53 WL; 3O H^O; BOX 9e& [DMZ CZj 3N$aW 3ZM_W[L[B Fa H":ZJ [TKZ:F HZ[OB 3O [DMZ, MX 5NE\ 3e LZQ^L X; FX" CZj 3N$aW 1O $"$a: WO3ZO, DeFQ 3e X; 5NE\ 3< $J :|OB FX" OX; C\j -WZ 1MQ y% CZ? $WXMe5 %"DeQF 3< [TIQBZ MZ (Wa TZHW QaFa 3F JZD 5NE\ 3F GM[1B;T LP ,3 JyB E\L\ [T3[WB XeB\ y' OZ:F\[B3 [FOZUZ MZ (DZW\FBZ MZ JT?FX;FBZ :>L QaFa Q5\ C\j [:W OZI7;M W"6V_ 3e Qa3O TX 1920 LP $[B (;WZ[XB Ca TX JZD LP JyB ^\A Xe 5MZ CZj W"KTB# WZLZ[:3 1O OZ:F\[B3 [TW"5[BMQ 3e, WZLZ[:3 $WLZFBZ0" 3e, W"3<A_ DC[I= 1O LZ2 OZ:Fb[B3 [XBQ 3F Qe5Q ,T" DQQ 3e (>XQFa F:D;3 Wa DE4 [QMZ CZj %"DeQF TZHW QaFa 3F JZD 5NE\ Fa $HFZ $[E3 0MZF $>M 5bO OZ:Fb[B3 L]KQ HO 3R[)B 3O [DMZj (F3< [FOZUZ 3F JTO XL [FO7BO W]FBa OXBa XWj JZD LP K\ 5NE\ W"H^A_ JTZE\FBZ 3F H^ LP F 1927 3F 3N$aW $[ETaUF LP Ca F 1928 3Fj W]KZV 1O FaX| Wa (F3F &W HO 5XOE LBKaD y, Caj 5NE\ $"$a: WO3ZO 3F [TzJ ,3 W"6V_ Be 3OFZ 8ZXBa Ca HO W8 MX; XG [3 5NE\ 3< W"WD;M OZ:F\[B LP 3K\ 5XO; z[8 FX" OX; C\j A[X7D JTOZ:B LP XLP W"WD 1O W"WD;M OZ:F\[B 3F +[B 5NE\ 3< KZTFZ,7 WZI [D4B\ XWj Ta (W TB_LZF OZ:Fb[B3 JT|H 3< &BF\ [TOeE\ C! [3 (FLP 3e' %EZOK^B H[OTB_F W"KT FX" CZj 3R), +NB, (F3F WL\3OA, H_C3 [FTO8F %[D [TVM 5NE\ 3e 3K\ %3[V_B FX" 3OBa Caj (F3< $JHI=BZ 1O _L XL (F3F KZVAQ LP, JZBQ LP, %WZF\ Wa @@7@ W3Ba XWj (F3< OZ:F\[B Wa 3K\ EL_, %0MZ[;L3BZ, Fb[B3BZ

WZ[CMQ 3< ^LBZ 1O QZQWZ0" 3e K\ (>XQFa KNH [QMZ CZj (F3< W_ZW]4 3< QeQ]HBZ 5NE\ Fa ,3 DU3 HXQa DE4 Q\ C\j OZL5' $[ETaUF LP (>XQFa 3XZ <ZZ [3 L"2\ 3e HN8 Wf zHMZ LX;FZ BF2TZX QaF\ 8Z[X,j 3ZQNBO LP (>XQFa FaX| 3e [Q4Z CZ [3 &BFa J&E J"5Qa LP OXFa 3< 1MZ :|OB XGj HO FaX| Fa (F3< JZB FX" LZF\j H=EQ Fa K\ FX"j DeFQ J&E J"5QQ LP OXBa OXEj OZI7H[B 3F |H LP OZ:a>)+WZD [:W TbKT 1O -FTM_ 3F WZC J36\ HO [F3Qa Ca (WFa TZ&WOZMQ 3e K\ LZB 3O [DMZ CZj 5NE\ 3Z OZ:F\[B Wa vO; JFZFa 3Z ,3 JeE &WWa K\ XeBZ XG [3 $WXMe5 %"DeQF 3F JZD 5NE\ Fa Q5K5 DW TV_ JZD vWOZ %"DeQF [3MZj &W J\8 5NE\ 8O4Z, [X7v-L][JQL ,3BZ, $JH_FMBZ 9ZMZ# ,.H\. %[D $Fa3 WZLZ[:3 ^a2Q LP W["M OXEj W"5>F JFZBa OXEj vWOZ %"DeQF FZ5[O3 $TeZ %"DeQF K\ WIQ FX" CZj 5eQLa: 3g>,RW Wa 5NE\ 3>9 K\ Qa3O FX" Qf=E Caj &W %"DeQF 3F JZD 5NE\ Fa X[O:FQ Wa $HFa 3e :e& [QMZj Q5K5 DW TV_ JZD [IO KZOB 9e&e %"DeQF 3F [Q, 5NE\ BbMZO y,j HO MX %"DeQF U]| XeFa Wa HXQa X; TX [5O@BZO 3O [Q, 5,j MX K\ $WIQ %"DeQF OXZj :J %5Z 4N LXQ Wa 5NE\ 9@=E Be [:>FZ 3F WZC JZB8\B LP TX 3>9 +Z?B FX" 3O W3F 1MQ[3 OZ:F\[B 3< [:W 3ZF^F\, 4O; 1O W"TbEZ[F3 KZVZ LP [:>FZ JZB 3OBa Ca, TX 5NE\ 3< L^Q +T_[_ FX" C\j &W3F JZD 5NE\ 3Z OZ:F\[B LP XJB^aH [D4BZ OXBZ XG, HO TX F\[B [FM"BZ MZ [FM"23 FX" JF W3Fj 5NE\ 3Z H^OZ GM[1B;T TZJBT LP $HFa $A]|H LP $OZ:Fb[B3 CZj TX EL_ 1O LZFT\MBZ 3F B"B]0" Wa JFa ,3 -Wa :5B 3Z JT?F DE4Ba Ca [:W3Z %EZO +aL, $[X7WZ, ;MZ5 1O EL_ Xej 5NE\ (W3F [Q, [FO7BO +Me5 1O W"6V_ 3OBa OXE Caj (FLP $[TFTWF\M %;L[TFTZW CZ, &59ZU[1B C\, JTM" 3e [FO7BO HO;^Z0" LP E3FQFa 3<, +Me5 3OFa 3< ^LBZ C\j 5NE\ 3Z M[D XL WX; %3QF 3OFZ 8ZXQ Be XLP (F3e Lb[:F\, Tg[U"5=F, Qa[FF, LZ0 MZ 3LZQ $BZB]3a :bWa OZI7 [FLOBZ0" 3F WZC F LeXCLD $Q\ [:>FZ 1O LXZ;LZ 5NE\ O43O J]J, 'WZ, 'WZ' W"BQ, :bF L][FMQ %[D 3< 9OMZWBQ %[D 3F 1MZ $[E3ZO XQ5aj 3R) 1O +NBQ HO7HOZ LP DE4FZ 8Z[X,j TX [:BFZ K\ OZ:F\[B LP Ca, 3F 1MZ W"J"E XQ5aj 5NE\ 3e 1945 3F JZD 4]D FaX| &W[Q, Ca [3 OZ:F\[B K\ (F3F [Q, $HFa JT?FQ 3F 1O H=EQ Fa &W W"WD;M OZ:F\[B Wa JZXO 3OFZ U]| WLZ: 3e 5'Fa 3Z LZ0ML C\, F [3W\ OZ7M 3< W_Z 3O [DMZ CZj JTB"2 KZOB 3F W"[TEZF [FLOA LP 5NE\ 3e HZFa 3Z QiMj... 3< H^O; BOX (Ha^Z 3< 5' C\j (F3< H"8ZMBQ 3e 3e' U\% +3ZFM H]JB3 W"TbEZ[F3 $[E3ZO FX" [D, 5, Caj DEU J&E (Le5Q AKZOB\M OZ:F\[B 3F De %2MZFB 3< BOI Ba:\ Wa J' OXZ CZj &W3F $QZTZ $HFa (1920 Wa 1950 B3) 3Z ,3 $"U $Q5 FX" y'j M[D $[E3 $W"5B F LZFZ :Z,, Be MX 3XFZ 5QB FX" Xe5Z [3 5NE\ &W W"WD;M OZ:F\[B 3< :[=QBZ0" 1O OZ:F\[B 3e WL;Fa ,T" %;LWZB 3OFa LP JyB 3>UQ T &59=3 FX" Caj 3L Wa 3L (BFZ Be [JE3>Q FX" [:BFZ [:>FZ, %"Ja?3O, H=EQ %[D Caj 5NE\ &W\[Q, ?e[L[FMF J=E=W Wa E\OE-E\OE H^A_ JTZE\FBZ 3< 0O WO3FZ 8ZXBa Caj FaX| [OHe=` K\ &W\ [DUZ LP JF\ C\j ["?W [LUF 1O 3H[JFa= [LUF 1O [IO LZ(7=Ja=F B3 XL 5NE\ 3e &F W"TbEZ[F3 LWQQ LP JyB $[E3 JHI= 1O DC' W["MBZ 3F WZC XJB^aH 3OBa y, FX" HZBaj JyEZ TX [TwO 3< [JC[B LP [D4Ba XWj (>XQ JHI= FX" CZ [3 JTZE\F $[TKZ[:B KZOB LP L]WQLZFQ, D[QBQ,

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 65


1MZ B]QW\DZW ;^> JeQ OXE Ca? WZ9X;M-W"J3D[B 3CZ-3XZF\

JTM" +3ZU :>L# 20 :FTO;, 1947 &7DfO (L0M +DEU)j 3D[BMN# Ff 3XZF\ W"$X, HN8 (H>MZW, B\F [FJ"E W"$X 3F $QZTZ ,3 FZ=3 1O OE4Z[82Q 3< ,3 H]JB3j WCLZF# HXQ H]OJ3ZO Wa WCLZ[FBj W"H3a# 3/ 33, $\F [W=;, '-8, $OEOZ 3ZQeF\, KeHZQ (L0M +DEU)j

X

L J=ZI|L LP Jb>E Caj LV 3>9 H' OXZ CZj 3>9 vO Jb>E [X7D; [TKZ5 3F WX3L? B]QW\DZW 3< 3[TBZ HO JXW 3O OXE Caj ,3 Ff:TZF [L2 JeQa, A$59Z JBZ&,, B]QW\DZW Fa MX 1MQ 3XZ [3 Y AL^3 Xe& TZ8ZQ, H"5] Q"6[B [5[OTO 5XFj &W3Z 1MZ LBQJ XGj -WZ 3K\ XeBZ XGj [X7D; 3F 3[TMQ 3< MX; JZB L];a HW"D FX" XWj ,3DL &BF\ $[BUMe[1B 3O DQ5a [3 WJ ;^> Q5Fa Q5ajB $8ZF3 LV :eO Wa X7W H&Zj WJ L]&3O L];a DE4Fa Q5aj [3W\ Fa H^9Z, A%H3e XLZO; [3W JZB HO X7W\ %'?B LVFa 3XZ, L];a $HFa J8HF 3< ,3 JZB MZD % 5'j 4bO :ZFa D;[:,j TX JeQa, FX"-FX" H^O; JZB JBZ&,j %H3< JZB W]Fa [JFZ XL (>Q5a FX"j LVFa 3XZ, JZB BJ 3< XG :J LV WZBT\" 3^Z LP H'BZ CZ 1O &7DfO LP $HFa FZFZ:\ 3F HZW OXBZ CZj FZFZ:\ TbL Ca Qa[3F ,3 J\LZO; LP (F3< DeFQ %"4P 8Q\ 5' C!j XL [:W L3ZF LP OXBa Ca TX &BFZ J&Z CZ [3 (Wa AJZ&ZB 3XBa Caj TXN HVB\W H[OTZO OXBa Ca, ,3 J3AQ 8QBZ CZ, ,3 [3OZFa 3< w3ZF C\, %"5F LP ,3 3>"% CZ 1O W&3 3< BOI )HO-F\8a De Xe=Q K\ Ca, )HO %MOTB_ Ke:FZQM 1O F\8a J:O75 :QHZF5_Xj DeFQ Xe=QQ 3F [H9TZ&E XLZOE DOTZ:a 3F >;3 WZLFa H&Ba Caj XL 4]UJ^ Wa X; KNH :ZBa Ca [3 %: %MOTB_ LP 5eK\ 3< WA:\ JF\ XG MZ %: TXN JaWF K^FZ :Z OXZ XGj J:O75 :QHZF5_X LP :J Wa"T JFB\ Be (W3< 4]UJ^ WZOE JZ&E LP IHQ :ZB\j L]"X LP HZF\ % :ZBZj JOWZB 3F LfWL LP UZL 3e $1WO TXN ?MZ: 3F K[:, JFBaj 4]UJ^ 3F LZOE XLZO; XZQB 4OZJ Xe :ZB\j ,3 JZO L];Wa OXZ FX" 5MZ Be LV DE4Fa H#8 5MZ [3 K[:, [3W +3ZO JFZ, :Z OXE XWj Qa[3F LaOE H#8Fa B3 K[:, JF 8]3F Ca 1O (W\ WLM [3W\ Fa @EO WZO; 3=; y' XO; [L8_ 9R3 D; C\j WZOE LP [L8_ 3< 6NW KO 5'j WJ3F WJ 9"3Fa Q5aj LV K\j [IO ,3-vWOE 3< XZQB DE43O Ha= H3&-H3&3O X7WFa Q5aj ,3 [DF J:O75 :QHZF5_X 3F OWe'6O LP %5 Q5 5'j 3&ZX; Wa BaQ 3Z KK3Z (>Z 1O 9B 3< UXB\OQ Fa %5 H3& Q\j :QB\ Q3&; 3F ==3&E &EO-(EO >Wa y, JeOQ HO H&E Be :5X-:5X Wa E]%" (>Fa Q5Zj DE4Ba-DE4Ba :ZFa 3HWa %5 3< QH=Q )HO %MOTB_ Ke:FZQM B3 H#8 5&c :XN X&J&; LP [3W\ 3< >e3O 4Z3O BaQ 3Z 4]QZ H\HZ Q]'3 5MZj BaQ LP K\5\ Je[OMN 66

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv

,3 3F JZD ,3 W]Q5Fa Q5!j F\8a Kh\ 3e J];ZFa 3< 3e[UU LP (WLP 6&Z KO HZF\ (7?EQ [DMZ 5MZj &WWa OZ4, E],7 1O [8"5Z[OMQ 3Z QH3BZ y% 5]AJZO (>Z 1O WJ JZXO [F3QFa HO L:J^O Xe 5,j OWe' 3< D;TZOQ 3ZQ\ 1O 9B F\8\ C\j TXN ,3 X; [4&3< C\ :e E],7 1O 3Z[Q4 Wa ,3DL 8\3= Xe 8]3< C\j %MOTB_ 3F LZ[Q3 3Z Q&3Z +K]OZL )HO 4&Z :eO-:eO Wa A%5-%5B [8EQZ OXZ CZj K\&-JZ&E LP 1O JZXO K\ &3i\ Xe 8]3< C\j Kh\ 3< %5 DeJZOZ K&3<j Qe5 JZXO Wa X; $"EZE]"E HZF\ IR3F :Z OXE Ca [:WWa IU_ HO 3<8& X; 3<8& Xe 5MZ CZj +K]OZL ,3 5eOZ-[8hZ, QX;LUX;L %DL\ CZj L=O 9;QFa 3F [Q, TX L=O Wa KOE JeOE 3e 3H&E EeFa 3< Le5O; Wa 3A=BZ CZj TX XO T1B )78\ %TZ: LP [X7D; [IELQ 3F 5ZFa LZOTZ&; LP $F][DB 3O3F 5ZBZ OXBZ CZj %MOTB_ 1O J:O75 TZQa ,3vWOE Wa JZB FX" 3OBa Ca 1O ,3vWOE 3F $ZX3 Be&Fa 3< 3e[UU 3OBa Caj Qa[3F +K]OZL 3e :bWa X; HBZ 8QZ [3 J:O75 TZQQ 3Z 5EQZ $"DO OX 5MZ XG 1O 5EQa LP Fe= KOE XW, (WFa 3L\: (BZOBa y, #3ZO KO;, A[:>XQ FZ: XG [X7D HO Te 3>E XW?B 1O ,3 5\Q\ JeO; [WO HO ?ZQ3O WJ3F Oe3BaOe3Ba %5 LP 6]W 5MZj HN8 [LF= LP +K]OZL 5EQZ [F3ZQ QZMZ Qa[3F &BF\ X; DEO LP TX 5eOE Wa ,3DL 3ZQZ Xe 5MZj BK\ 6"=; 6F6FZB\ y' IZMO ['5a? % 5'j IZMO ['5a? TZQQ Fa K\BO :Z3O %5 3Z :ZM:Z [QMZ 1O [IO W&3 HO 4&; $HF\ 5Z&; Wa J:O75 3F OWe'6O B3 ,3 8H=Z 3FFTZW 3Z HZ&H [J9Z [DMZ, :e HZF\ 9e&Ba X; 5eQ 1O H;CO 3< BOX 3&3 Xe 5MZj HZ&H Wa [F3Q\ HZF\ 3< EZO &BF\ Ba: C\ [3 %5 3< Be 1MZ [JWZB D;TZOQ 3F HQJBO 3F [8?H& (E&-(E&3O F\8a [5OFa


Q5aj DE4Ba-DE4Ba J:O75 3< OWe' LP QZQ-3ZQa HZF\ 3Z BZQZJ KO 5MZj %5 J]; 5', E]"% JZXO [F3Q 5MZ 1O %Ea 6"=E JZD IZMO ['5a? TZQa $HFZ WZLZF WLa=3O 8Qa 5,j (F3F :ZFa 3F JZD JZ&E 3F Qe5Q LP MX 88O U]| y' [3 %5 Q5\ 3HWa 1O WJWa HXQa [3WFa DE4Z, IZMO [J$a? 3e [3WFa J]QZMZ 1O F]3WZF [3BFZ y%j ,3 %DL\ J\LZ 3F IZMDE WL;ZFa Q5Zj XO 3e' $HF\ JXZwO; 3< ?"5a XN3 OXZ CZj +K]OZL 3< JXZwO; 3< WJ BZO;I 3O OXE Caj [3W\ Fa 3XZ KQZ Xe Tb77Z\ 3F Q&3F 3Z [:WFa IZMO ['5a? TZQQ 3e IeF 3O [DMZ, TOFZ 3>9 K\ Xe W3BZ CZj JZ&E 3F LD` We8 OXE Ca [3 %5 IHQBaIHQBa (F3F 6O B3 K\ % W3B\ C\j K[hMN Be $J K\ )HOF\8a :QP5\ X;j Ma Be XLaUZ 3F [Q, ,3 [8"BZ 3< JZB Xe 5'j BK\ [3W\ Fa 3XZ, A$OE Tb77Z\ 3XN XW Tb77Z\? Tb77Z\ 3e DE4Z

6O Wa vO 3X" $3FQa FX" :ZBa Caj F\8a 5Q\ LP FZ' 3< w3ZF B3 K\ :ZFZ y% Be 9&; Qa3O 1O LaOZ XZC H3& 3O :ZBa Caj 1O XZ<Z K\ TX &BFZ 3W3O H3&Ba Ca :bWa XL (>XQ J\8 W&3 HO $3FQZ 9e&3O KZ5 :ZFa 3< We8 OXE XWj Tb77Z\ 3< 4e: 8Q OX; C\ [3 [3W\ Fa JBZMZ Tb77Z\ Be 5PDZQZQ 3< w3ZF 3F HZW 4&E XWj A1MZ JZB 3OBa Xe?B WJFa 3XZj WJ3F L]"X 4]Qa 3F 4]Qa OX 5,j AB^ W8 3X OXZ XG? [3W\ 1O 3e Be FX" DE4 [QMZ? Tb77Z\ X; Ca Be (>XQ Qa 1MQ FX" %MZ?B [3W\ Fa H^9Zj AL];a 1MZ LZQ^Lj LV WL;Z 3e' WZC Xe5ZjB 5PDZQZQ 3< w3ZF XLZOE 6O Wa 3e' B\F Wf L\=O vO XGj OZJBa LP 8ZO 5[QMN, B\F 8fOZXE 1O :aQ Oe? 3Z UeO KOZ Ba: 7G[I3j J5bO [3W\ 3< LDD 3F $HF\ 9&; =E3Ba Tb77Z\ 5PDZQZQ 3< w3ZF

OE4N3F# w5O D_

[3W\ Fa?B A1MQ 6O LP FX" XG"?B ADE4e-DE4ej 3X" %5 3Z W]F3O ==eQBa-==eQBa F\8a 5Q\ LP Be FX" [F3Q 5,jB FZFZ:\-MZF\ Tb77Z\ 3< 4e: 8ZQ^ y'j FZFZ:\ 3>=="JQa T3<Q 3F MXN K\ FX" Caj [QLMa 3F MXN K\ FX"j OZ:Z 3< %' 3F 6O K\ FX"j [3OZFa 3< w3ZF LP K\ FX"j 9B HO K\ FX"j Qb=O;F LP K\ FX"j JZXO FZ' 3< w3ZF LP K\ FX"j LXEU ?EMO; LP K\ FX"j W"v3Q TZQ\ 3e>O; LP K\ FX"j MZF\ :XN-:XN TX :Z W3Ba Ca, TXN 3X" FX"j WZOZ JZ&Z HOEUZF Xe 5MZj Tb77Z\ 3XN 8Qa 5,? Tb77Z\ LX;FQ

B3 3HWa H#8 5,j 4bO [IO LV :Z3O (>XQ 6O Qa %MZj %Ba WLM DW JZO (>XQFa H^9Z, AJ]; 5'? $59; BOX J]; 5'jB JZD LP :J K\ &W 6=FZ 3< JZB 8QB\, W]FZFa TZQZ IZMO ['5a?, 9e=E LZLZ, +K]OZL, 3<8&, E],7 %[D WJ3F JZOE LP JBZBZ Qa[3F $"B LP MX JBZFZ FX" K^QBZ [3 1O Tb77Z\ 5PDZQZQ 3< w3ZF 3F HZW [LQaj WJ =3=3< Q5Z, L];a DE4 OXE Ca 1O 0MZF Wa W]F OXE Caj [:"D5\ 8\: X; -W\ XG DeJBe [3 (W3F [Q, 5^"5Z JeQFa Q5a 1O $HZ[X: HXZ& 8@j :Z,j 1MZ $J K\ %H3e Q5BZ XG [3 B]QW\DZW :\ ;^> JeQ OXE Ca? ● ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 67

Tb77Z\ 3< 4e: 8Q OX; C\ [3 [3W\ Fa JBZMZ Te Be 5PDZQZQ 3< w3ZF 3F HZW 4&E XWj


3[TBZ %F"D KbOT\ ,3 $4JZO Xe 8]3F :\TF LP 3ZU\ +ZB# U"40T[F 3< BOX XG 1O 5"5Z T_X_O QiM 3F WRDM_ +JBZT 3< BOX FTaB La6Q Wa GM1B XeBa 9O[1B +DEU LP :e ^A XG TX; %F"D XG 3ZGM^A LP ^A KOj De U[1B 3< WZO; 9[TMN 3ZU\ LP %F"D KbOT\ XWj L_;M]B= 3F HZO :Z3O :J Q5BZ XG :\TF 3Z V?: DEX, DZX 1O E],7 3F WZC :J J]; :ZBa XW $[JCOZ5 L_;M]+D FTZWQ 3F WLZFNBO :J +3= XeB\ XG 3e' W]V]CFZ W]FZ' DEB\ XG BJ 3X" %F"D KbOT\ ! B\F &W KbOT\ 3F K\ WZOE JTO 3eLQ Q5Ba XW :38B] W]Fa :ZFa Wa HXQa UB_ XG [3 LF#[^[B: HO V?: U]J Q5Z Xe 3ZU\ 3F [WEM^= LP 6=; DETL"9DOQ 3< KeO-W\ FX" ! 8ZO B\FQ 5]AQ 3F 5L LP ^A KO 3Z 3ZGM

OE4N3F# w5O D_

3ZU\ 3Z Lf[Q3 JHU_ XG LF#*B]0" Wa [FOHa^ JXBa FZT LP >XOE WLM 1O 5"5Z (BOB\ W\['MQ 3F Le^+QeKF Wa $FZFTJB 3[TBZ 3Z 9D5"B $F"B ^A W_Z LP ^A KO XG DEX 3< BOX ! HN8 %F"D 3Z $KZT X; WRDM_ XG %F"D TbKT 3< $DCFM (H[JC[B 3Z [:W3Z 3e' W]O 3X" Q5Z XG W]4 3F DZ[OL_ LP L_;M]TVO 3F $FTOB (>ZFQ LP [CO3Ba XW :J 3ZQCZHQ 3F 813ODZO HOF TX" 3X" [F#UaV XeBZ XG *[V3ZGM 3F $FZXB FQe3Q 3Z JH"DF ! 9X &W B= 3F (W HZO 3>9 FX" XG JZx 0O [W"vO; 6Z= 1O DZx 0O &W\ 3Z ?5L5ZBZ [TJBZO XL DeFQ 3F J\8 :e E]%" XG )HO (>BZ y% DZX 3< DEX Wa )HO (>BZ y% (W3< HZOD[U_BZ LP X; LaOZ DCFM ?5L5ZBZ XG 1O (BO %B\ XG B]CXZO; $J^; W"0MZ ! WZB DeFQ [W"vO; WLM 3Z [FUAD &W %3ZU LP $F]H[JCB XG

BZ[3 &W 9ZMZB= HO OZ4 XeFa Wa HXQa B]CXZOZ +aL %3ZU Xe W3F !

5fBL 8=:? FTaB 3HFTZW HO (&Ba FTaB 3HeB-(H[JC[BMQ 3< BOX 6Z=Q 3F JQa=; L^[B_[UEH 3F [TJBZO LP W"6[FB W"5\B 3< BOX 1O 8aBFZ 3F U^>M+XO LP JTM" %F"D KbOT\ 3< BOXj %> &W [FFTZW 1O +RZW 3F >;3 J\8eJ\8 >XO; XG 3e' UNB FD; LZFe $TE^B ! Ff %3ZU 3< %"4 LP F DEX XG, F DZX :e E]%" XG TX FD; 3< 9ZMZ XG &W\ 9ZMZ LP TX FD; XG :e LF 3< (_OTZ[XF\ XG E],7 3F WZC )HO (>BZ LF ?5L5ZBa DCFM Wa K\ )HO (>BZ XG %3ZU 5"5Z 3Z LF JF :ZFa 3F [Q, ! DW %3ZU B= Wa Xe3O JXB\ 5"5Z %3ZU 3< X; U^>M 9ZMZ XG [:W3F B= HO U^>M UXO 3< +Z8\F FD; XG 3ZU\ U^>M 3F [WEM^= LP +3ZU 3F |HZ3ZO %3ZU Wa XZC J'Z3O 'U LZ"5Ba XW

3MZOX TX 8]FB\ XG OZ4J];\ Q39&MN :Q\ y' [8BZ0" Wa $HF\ $"5\>; 3F [Q, ,3 X; WaTF [FO7BO (L_;M]9ZMZ LP H3Z $>F) L_;M]WaTF ! JZOX LV LZ"5BZ $ (WWa ,3 9e=; 3Z[Q4H]B\ Q3&; $HFa J3F8 3F [Q, DEB\ XG TX [HBZ 3< F:O J8Z3O 8 J\ HP[WQ Wa Ua? $DCFM 3HFTZW HO [D4Z' DEB\ XG L_;M]5"E 3< $5Q\ E]F ! BaOX 5"5Z DEB\ XG [F;M ,3 3[TBZ 1O %5a J' :ZB\ XG :bWa (Wa [LQB\ XG [F;M ,3 L_;M] BZ[3 (W3Z :\TF 8Q W3F %BZ y% UT W"3FB XG (W3F HOTB? W]4 3Z [3 3HZQ:"MZ 3F JZD [HBZ 3e [LQa5Z $>F 1O (W3F W]O[^B K[TIM 3< %FT[JB TX %FTJB XG $HF\ L]"?EO HO [3 W\['MQ Wa :e UT 3< BOX (BOE5Z TX (W3Z +aL FX" Xe5Z !


eZFH\> H]OJ3ZO 3QZ-W"J3D[B H9O"LZ

HZ4\ LXe;WT 9X7D; 3F U\V_ 3CZ3ZO BCZ X7W 3F W"HZD3 OZ:a>) MZDT 3e 9DEQ\ 3F 9X7D; KTF LP HZ4\ LXe;WT HO :a.W\. :eU\ UAD WZE3 [U4O WCLZF Wa WCLZ[FB [3MZ 5MZj WZC X;, &W TV_ 3Z UAD WZE3 :F[+M WCLZF 3CZ3ZO H"3: W]J\O 3e (F3F (H>MZW Ma Te WXO Be FX" 3F

[Q, +DZF [3MZ 5MZj UAD WZEFZ M]TZ WCLZF 3[T ,T" O753L? L_;M]":M +KZ3O 3e (F3< $+3Z[UB 3[TBZ XL Q&Q5a 3F [Q, [DMZj WLZOeX LP HZ4\ 3Z OZ:a>) MZDT [TUaVZ"3 3Z Qe3ZH_A [3MZ 5MZj 3ZM_"L 3Z W"8ZQF [D W"?E HeJ= 3F W"HZD3 $H^T_ :eU\ Fa [3MZj

E\OE>) WCLZ[FB T9OI> 3XZF\3ZO 1O +[B[dB [X7D; DG[F3 OZI7;M WXZOZ 3F L]"J' AM^Oe +L]4 E\OE>) $JCZFZ 3e LXZOZI7 OZ7M [X7D; WZ[X;M $3ZDL\ Fa 92H[B [UTZ:\ OZI7;M ,3BZ H]OJ3ZO Wa WCLZ[FB [3MZ XGj $JCZFZ 3e 51 X:ZO

LUxO UZMO +e. $4QZ3 LeXCLD 4ZF UXOMZO 3e 44TP eZFH\> H]OJ3ZO Wa FTZ:Z 5MZj W]'Be HZ3a [JCB ,MOIeW_ WKZ5ZO LP %Me[:B WLZOeX LP LXZFZM3 $[LBZK J~F Fa (>XQ MX H]OJ3ZO [DMZj HXQZ Lf3Z CZ :J [3W\ 3QZ3ZO Fa [3W\ WZ[X;M3ZO 3e MX WCLZF +DZF [3MZj $[LBZK J~F Fa 3XZ [3 UXOMZO Fa [X7D; 1O (v` 3< vO; 3e HZ=Fa 3Z 3ZL [3MZ XGj [X7D; [IELQ LP K\ (F3Z $XL Me5DZF K]QZMZ FX" :Z W3BZ XGj &W Lf3F HO LUxO 5\B3ZO 5]Q:ZO Fa UXOMZO 3< 8M[FB F7LQ T 5:QQ 3Z zHMa 3Z MX WCLZF (F3F WL$ WZ[X[;M3 Qa4F 3e DE4Ba y, [DMZ 5MZ XGj L]"J' 3F W[8TZQM [:L4ZFZ 3F 48Z48 KOE WKZ5ZO LP $JCZFZ 3e UgQ, 3\IQ, 7gI< 1O 51 X:ZO zH, 3< OZ[U 3Z 8a3 LXZOZI7 3< W"J3D[B OZ7M L"2\ 3\LB\ If[:MZ 4ZF Fa +DZF [3MZj E\OE>) $JCZFZ 3< $J B3 ?E' D:_F Wa 7MZDZ [3BZJP +3Z[UB Xe 8]3< XW, [:FLP (H>MZW, 3XZF\ 1O WZ^Z;3ZOQ 3Z WLZTaU XGj $JCZFZ 3F $QZTZ %[JD W]OB\, [DFaU >Z3>O, FZOZMA D_, W[QQ W]EZ3O, ?g. %F"D +WZD D;[^B 1O LFe: WeF3O WLaB LXZOZI7 3F 3>Q 27 [X7D; Wa[TMQ 3e K\ [T[K>F ^a2Q LP WCLZ[FB [3MZ 5MZj

:3>FO-3CZ 8[8_B T9OI> %Qe83 T\OE>) MZDT Fa 3XZ [3 LXE>) K\IL 3F WL#+3Z[UB (H>MZW :3>FO 3CZ LP :3>FOQ 3F :\TF 3Z J&E [TJBZO Wa TA_F [3MZ 5MZ XGj MX (H>MZW :3>FOQ 3F :\TF 3Z DH_A XGj MX JZB (>XQFa W^8FZ ,T" :FW"H3a [FDEUZQM, Q4F) 3F WKZ5ZO LP WZL[M3 +3ZUF Wa +3Z[UB 8[8_B 3CZ3ZO LXE>) K\IL 3F (H>MZW :3>FO 3CZ 3Z Qe3ZH_A 3OBa y, 3X;j [T[UI= $[B[C T9OI> 3CZ3ZO [UTL^[B_ Fa 3XZ [3 3FTQ W;M 6=FZ0" Wa X; ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv 69

JZ,7 Wa# $LO3NB, UXOMZO 1O 3\QZQ U]1Q W"$X UXOMZO W]Fe 1O $[LBZK J~F MZOZ 3[TBZ,7 J~F 3< 1O 8MF $[LBZK J58F 3Z FZL3 3[TBZ W"$X 3Z Qe3ZH_A K\ [3MZj H]IHZ KZOB\ Fa UXOMZO 3F GM[1B;T 1O 3D[B;T HO OeUF\ ?ZQ\j &W WLZOeX 3F B]O7B JZD eZFH\> 3F $>M H]OJ3ZOQ 3< K\ 6eVAZ 3O D; 5'j LUxO Qa43 $LO3NB 1O 3\QZQ U]1Q 3e W"M]1B |H Wa 2009 3Z 45TN eZFH\> H]OJ3ZO [DMZ :Z,5Zj W]LF [+MZ %H $59; O8FZ FX" JFZ W3Ba, 3EHFZ Wa JDQZT 3OFa 3F [Q, %H JTB"2 XWj 3ZM_"L 3F L]2M $[B[C T9OI> H23ZO FT\F :eU\ Fa 3XZ [3 &W (H>MZW LP BZOZ 3F :[OMa :3>FOQ 3F :\TF-W"6V_ 3e [D4ZMZ 5MZ XGj Q4F) 3< WZ[X[;M3 W"JCZ FTH[OLQ ,T" WZL[M3 +3ZUF 3F B;TZEZF LP %Me[:B WLZOeX 3Z W"8ZQF DET3<F"DF UZ"B BCZ WZL[M3 +3ZUF 3F LXEU KZOMZ: Fa %KZO GM] [3MZj

%3N^Z H]OJ3DB %(=Q]3 [X7D; 3< I<8O W"HZD3 %3N^Z HZOE 3Z[UT 3e 14TN OLZ3NB 3XZF\ H]OJ3ZO [DMZ :Z,5Zj %3N^Z 3e MX H]OJ3ZO FMZ eZFeDM LP +3Z[UB 3XZF\ AB\F WXE[QMN, B\F +aL\B 3F [Q, [DW"JO 3F +CL W?BZX LP +DZF [3MZ :Z,5Zj &W JZO 3F [FAOM3 T9OI> 3CZ3ZO $W5O T:ZXB 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 TJB][JC[B 3< W~Z' 1O WHFQ Wa :]&E OXFa 3< [TTUBZ 3F J\8 ,3 WaB] JFZFa 3< 3e[UU 3OB\ MX 3XZF\ DO$WQ XLZOE $HFa :\TF 3F -Wa +W"5Q 3e WZLFa QZB\ XG, [:F HO &BFa LZ[L_3 @75 Wa 3L X; [Q4Z 5MZ XGj MX H]OJ3ZO &WWa HXQa F\[QLZ [W>XZ, 3DHZU"3O, $:M +3ZU, L]3FU TLO, F\QZ^\ [W"X, W^O:HZQ 8fXZF, H^OF XZ?@, $O[T>D 3>LZO [W"X, FT\F FbCZF\, Me5a>) %x:Z, L]OZO; ULO 1O D;H3 3\TZJBT 3e +DZF [3MZ :Z 8]3Z XGj


% ' FZ LZET :eU\

WZ9X;M-W"J3D[B FOL-5OL

[WMZW\ L"8 Wa DEU [8"BF

J&E L"8Q Wa $HF\ JZB 3XFa 3Z 3ZMDZ K\ J&Z XeBZ XGj :eODZO WQ\3Z XeBZ XGj $1WO 3ZMDZ &BFZ 3ZMDE 3Z Xe :ZBZ XG MZ WQ\3Z &BFZ WQ\3FDZO Xe :ZBZ XG [3 &F3F 813O LP L^Q L]KZ X; 5]L Xe :ZBZ XGj :bWa, 5"K\O 88O 3F [Q, [WMZW\ L"8 W:Z XGj L]KZ 5"K\O XG WZC LP OZI7;M K\j J&E FaBZ $COB $F]: 4OE L]2M T1BZ K\ 5"K\O XWj TZBZTOA K\ 5"K\O XGj 9e=E FaBZF]LZ W"Me:3 Fa 5"K\O WZ L]"X JFZ3O $HFZ KZVA U]| [3MZj %DOA\M L"8 HO Jb>E LaOE HOL %DOA\M, HOL 3JEM, HOL eZF\, DEUK1BQ 3F DEUK1B, +4O [8"B3, [8"BFU\Q LaOE LZFF\M J&E KZ' WZJ, [:F3F $C3 +MZWQ Wa %: XL DEU HO %F H&E &W K\VA W"3= HO 88O 3OFa 3F [Q, (H[JCB y, XWj M^" Be KZ' WZXJ 3Z :\TF X; W"3=Q 3F [4QZI W"DEU 3< BOX XGj XLFa ,3 JZO (FWa &W L]KE HO %$X 1MZ [3MZ, TX $HFZ WLM [F3ZQ3O XLZOE [Q, Df&E 8Qa OE4N3F# w5O D_ %,j TbWa Be KZ' WZXJ 3F [F:\ :\TF LP K\ &F [DFQ K\VA WLJMZ,7 8Q OX; XWj [IO K\ XLFa :OZ IeF 1MZ [3MZ, HXQ\ X; 5Z&; Wa [F3Q %Fa 3< JZB 3XFa Q5aj TX Be XLFa X; (>XQ JBZMZ [3 HMO?B WLM XG, %H %OZL Wa [O:TMUF T5bOX 3OTZ Qej TOFZ ,3 JZO DEU 3Z FZL %Ba X; [IO KZ' WZXJ Wa z3Z FX" :ZBZ XGj DEU WaTZ 3F [Q, (F3< QQ3 X; 3>9 -W\ XGj -WZ FX" [3 KZ' WZXJ X; -Wa XWj (F3Z Be H^OZ H[OTZO -W\ +T_[_ O4BZ XGj DEU WaTZ 3< 3e' K\ JZB Xe H^OZ H[OTZO AXL 3OQ5aB, AXL 3OQ5aB 3X3O %HW LP Q&Fa Q5BZ XGj ,3 JZO Be -Wa X; Q&Z';5&E 3F 813O LP %H3F H^7M BZ):\ 3e

XZ=` $=G3 B3 Xe 8]3Z XGj Qa[3F DEU WaTZ Wa [IO K\ H[OTZO [?5Z FX" XGj KZ' WZXJ 3Z HeBZ B3 :>L Wa H13Z DEUK1B XGj OeFa 3< :5X $HF\ BeBQ\ %TZ: LP &73QZJ...&73QZJ...3XBZ XGj $HFa HeBa 3e [4QZBa WLM KZ' WZXJ $1WO 3XBa K\ XW, AK', MX Q&3Z Be J&Z Xe3O XLWa K\ J&Z DEU +aL\ JFa5Zj DE4e, $K\ Wa X; FZOE Q5ZFa 3< +b[1=W 3O OXZ XGjB TbWa Be DEU WaTZ 3< 3e' K\ H]3ZO KZ' WZXJ 3F 3ZF Wb3&Q L\Q vO Wa K\ H3&j QaBa XWj KZ&Me, :J LZBZ-[HBZ DEUK1B XQ Be H[OTZO 3Z Be 1MZ 3XFZj $XZ... $XZ....j %H3F H[OTZO 3F :ZFTO B3 &W :7Ja 3e O4Ba XWj LVFa 4]D $HF\ %"4Q Wa DE4Z XGj %H3< 5ZM $HFa DEU 3< BOX UZ"[BH^A_ WX$[JB;T 3< KZTFZ 3< 3ZMQ XGj [3W\ 3F 8ZOE LP L]"X FX" LZOB\ XGj $HFZ 8ZOZ 4ZB\ XGj $HFZ HZF\ H\B\ XGj W&3 HZO 3OFa Wa HXQa B\F JZO DZ,7-JZ,7 DE4B\ XGj &>X" +MZWQ Wa XLZOZ DEU 5) :bWZ JFZ HZMZ XGj Be KZ&Me, :bWZ [3 LV 3X OXZ CZ KZ' WZXJ 3Z :\TF X; DEUK[1B 3Z W"DEU XGj LV $K\ L^Q L]KE HO % X; FX" HZMZ [3 L"8 HO [TOZ:LZF %DOA\M KZ' WZXJ 3< BOI Wa W"DEUZ K\ % 5MZj (>XQ DEO Xe OX; XG UZL 3< 5Z&; Wa [F3QFZ XGj 3Q XZ'3LZF 3F HZW Hy78FZ XGj $>MCZ Be WZO; OZB DEU 3F [Q, 88O LP [F3ZQ DEBaj 1MZ 3OQ Ja8ZOE, $3FQ\ :ZFj XO [DUZ Wa H]3ZO (>B\ OXB\ XGj Be KZ&Me, &W L]KE HO XLZO; 88O JaXD (HMe5\ OX;j %UZ XG, WO3ZO F!D Wa :Z5a5\j 3>9 3DL (>Z,5\j 5"K\O L]KE HO %H Qe5Q 3< ,3:]=BZ 3Z X; FB\:Z XG, $>MCZ DEU 3J 3Z 5]QZL Xe 8]3Z XeBZj ●

70 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


»é Ì»ê TV_ 1988 LP $"3>U [IEL Wa [FUZ [W"X Fa [IELQ 3< U]z%B 3< C\j J&;-J&; 5XO; %"4Q TZQ\ [FUZ JZD LP , LZ(CI>Q J3Z', KZOB ,3 4e:, 3CZWZ5O :bWa EZOZTZ[X3Q LP %&cj (>XQ &7?J7; LP M"5 AM^=; 3XZ :ZBZ XGj (FWa y' JZB8\B 3F $"U#

&EO-(EO W?BO75

9ZMZ# H\.=;.%'.

:]DZ XW OZXQ

Q5BZ XG MX =@=Fa 3Z LfWL XGj HXQa [+MZ W8DET 1O [T"L 8=TZQ &W3F JZD HZMQ 1O (LO $AwEQZ 3< UZD;j XZQ X; 3< 4JO XG [3 LZE]O; FaFa K\ $La[O3Z 3e 5]?JZM 3X 3O KZOB % OX; XWj :CL^-3FL\O 3F L]2ML"2\ 3e 17 WZQ H]OZF\ UZD; =@=Fa Wa $HFa Ja=Q 3< [8"BZ XGj L\[?MZ Wa (F3< 5]:Z[OU, AMX 6O 3Z LZLQZ XGjB 6O? TX Be =@= 5MZ XG F! 9ZMZ# ,.H\.

Me5 HO J~Q 3F [Q, [3BZJ? L];a DE4 3O LaO; Ja=; Fa K\ Me5 3OFZ U]| [3MZj L];a J&Z ?O Q5BZ CZ [3 HBZ FX" J~a MX %WF 3O W3Ba XW MZ

+aL 3< 0T:Z ,3 FZ=3 |HNBOA LP $[KFaBZ0" MZOZ 2J7E[QMZ 3< +EZFL"2\ :^[QMZ [5QZ?` $HFa XEMO 5EWO +aL\ 3F WZC DEU 3F ;"?E LP [QH=;-[8H=; $[KF\B 3< 5'j :^[QMZ 3< +[B["MZ, ALaOE HZW -Wa W\F DE4Fa 3F $QZTZ 1O K\ 3ZL XWjB WO3ZO; =EQ\[T:F HO -W\ 5]JBZ4\? L"[2MQ 3Z 3XFZ XG, 2J7E[QMF 'g?3Z[J=75 3gHTOEUF 3e D; :ZFa TZQ\ I89?75 3F JZOE LP DeJZOZ We8Z :ZFZ 8Z[X,j JW &BFZ X;j IBTZ 1MZ TXN [3W\ Fa FX" W]FZ?

?eQ\ EOB\ J\Ba [DFQ :J :L\F\ :Q:QZ %MZ Be H^TT_O OZ7M [W[13L W[XB FaHZQ, [JXZO 1O J"5ZQ LP K\ DUXB 3< ,3 QXO Df& 5'j L_B3Q 3< W"2MZ XO [DF J'B\ :Z OX; XGj XO JZO 3< BOX L]%T:a 3< 6eVAZ 1O H[O:FQ 3F %"W^ &W 2ZWD; 3F H\9E OX 5,j %HDZ +J"EF &W JZO K\ EOZ OX 5MZj +3D[B 3F 5]JWa 3F [4QZI F J&; &LZOBQ LP 3e' BbMZO; XG F K^38H 3e Qa 3O 3e' WO3ZO; [8"BZj JW WJ K5TZF KOeWa! 9ZMZ# H\.=;.%'.

FX"j LaO; Ja=; Fa U\VOWF K\ %WZF\ Wa W\4 [QMZj BJ L];a J~Q 3F [Q, Me5 HO [3BZJ [Q4Fa 3Z [T8ZO %MZj [3W BOX 3< [3BZJ XG MX? XE3F-I>E3F %WF :e J~a %WZF\ Wa 3O QPj &W3Z FZL 1MZ XG? [Q[=Q 5]? Lg[Fb5 WFj %5a 1MZ &OZDZ XG? KZOB LP JTJ<M OXFa 3F [Q, 4ZF-HZF, Me5 1O $>M +Z3D[B3 %WZF (HZM 3e ,3 :5X &3iZ 3OFZj %H3< W]"DOBZ 3Z 1MZ MX; OZ: XG? H8ZW I<WD; 4^JW^OB\ Be %H3F :!W HO K\ [FK_O 3OB\ XGj JZ3< H8ZW %H $HFa 4ZF-HZF Wa HZ W3Ba XWj LV (W\ H8ZW +[BUB HO 3>9 [Q4FZ 8ZXB\ $j Be &WLP $Q5 1MZ Xe5Zj UZ3ZXZOj KZOB 3< MX; WJWa J&; BZ3B XGj %H Oe:LOO LP :e 4ZBa XW TX; M[D [FML Wa 4Z,7 Be 3K\ JTZJ<M 3< WLJMZ FX" Xe5\j &W3F $QZTZ? LF 3< UN[B 4^JW^OB JFZB\ XGj UXFZ: 3F. LaXBZ


LZX 3Z OZ[UIQ $X-F^2, $1=@JO, 2011

LaV

(21 LZ8_ Wa 20 $+bQ)

LZ[W3 3Z?` # XW3? LbF BFZT 1O DJZT 3F WZC JTKZT Wa [THO;B [FA_M QaFZ H& W3BZ XGj Lf:^DZ XZQZB Wa HOEUZF XeFa 3F J:ZM K[TIM 3F [Q, Me:FZ JFZ,7j HZ[OTZ[O3 (;WTQ LP %[C_3 [:CLaDZO; J'E5\j EbM_ O4P5a Be WJ 3ZL >;3 XQ5aj EF 3Z %5LF %H3F 3ZL LP Ba:\ QZ,5Zj [3W\ OeLN83ZO; MZ2Z 3F Me5 XWj F' H[OMe:FZ0" 1O WfDQ 3F |H LP $59Z WLM %H3F DOTZ:a HO 4&Z XGj =GOe WQZX # FZOZ:5\ 1O JXW Wa J8Pj

T_V

(21 $+bQ Wa 21 L')

LZ[W3 3Z?` # [W1W 2I 3?W GMZHZO LP $8ZF3 [3W\ 3< WXZMBZ [LQFa 3F Me5 XWj Q"Ja WLM Wa z3Z y% EF [LQa5Zj H]OZFa H[O[8B, W"J"E\ MZ DeJB Wa WQZX-LUTOZ Qa 3O X; LX;TH^A_ 3ZL 3F JZOE LP [FA_M QPj &WWa %H3e W3ZOZ;L3 H[OAZL [LQP5aj H]OZF\ +gH=@ MZ 3ZF^F\ LZLQQ LP WLM %H3F WZC XGj 6O 1O 3ZM_^a2 LP WX:BZ Wa BZQLaQ O4 $HFa QiM B3 H#8P5aj JTZ<M >;3 OXE5Zj =GOe WQZX # W3ZOZ;L3 We8Pj L\>; TJB] DZF 3OQj

[LC]F

(22 L' Wa 21 :^F)

LZ[W3 3Z?` # J=ZO w[FMZDZO; Wa vO H[OTZO 1O J58Q 3F WZC WLM [JBZFZ 8ZXQ5aj DMZQ] 1O (DZO OXQ Be JyB W\ JZEZ,7 4]D 4;L Xe :Z,75\j JTZJ<M WLJMZ Xe W3B\ XGj L\>Z JeQP 1O L\>Z IQ +Z?B 3OQj MX %DB EFQZK 3OZ,5\j H;F\ 3F KZ3M Wa EF %,5Zj KZ3M QiL\ 3F WZC 5_XQiL\ 3e JFaX 1O WCLZF DQj JXW F 3OQ 1O $F:ZF Qe5Q Wa vO OXQj =GOe WQZX # :|OBL"DQ 3e 3H&Q 3Z DZF 3OQj

33aa

(22 :^F Wa 22 :]QZ') LZ[W3 3Z?` # Ch\ 2I Tg>?KW BFZT Wa 9==3ZOZ HZ,75aj Qa[3F WZ^Z;3ZO, Jb>3 1O D@BO 3F 3ZL 3Z [WQ[WQZ Q"JZ 8Qa5Z :e %H3e GMJB O4a5Zj GMZHZO LP FMZ WfDZ Xe5Zj 3e' K\ [FA_M QaFa LP 4]D HO KOeWZ O4Pj %;L[TFTZW Wa 3ZL QP BK\ %5a 3Z OZJBZ %WZF Xe5Zj $59E W"J"EQ 3Z QZK (>ZFZ W\4Pj EF 3F LZLQa LP WLM %H3F WZC XG, [8"BZ F 3OQj LaXFB 3OQ 1O H[OAZL 'FTO HO 9e& DQj =GOe WQZX # U]"TZO 3e 8\F\ DZF 3OQj

[DGMZ 8]6

=GOe O;?O, [HOZ[L?, TZJB] ,T" :\TF WQZX3ZO

=GOe W[=`[I3FUF Je?` 2I $La[O3Z MZOZ +LZ[AB =GOe O;?O ,T" HOZLU_DZBZ XWj =GOe 3< w[FMZ LP LN DETMZF\ 3F FZL Wa LUxO XWj K[TIMTZA\, [HOZ[L?-TZJB] WQZX, %0MZ[;L3 X;[Q"5 Wa WLJMZ0" 3Z [FDZF 3OB\ XWj TOZX WCLZF, JTA_ HD3 ,T" DETe3\ (HZ[E Wa WCLZ[FB XWj W"H3a# divyataroread@gmail.com 1O 09302121911

[W"X

(23 :]QZ' Wa 23 $5JB)

LZ[W3 3Z?` # [W1W 2I 3?W 3J9O$O 1O (Le5 LP JaXBO; 3F Me5 XWj 4^J HbWZ 3LZFa 3< 8ZXB LP $HFQ Wa vO; F J'E, &W3Z 4MZQ O4Pj T_JQ 3< WaTZ 3OQj BZ[3 [3W\ 3ZL LP JZEZ F %,j [T_ +J"EF 5&J&Z W3BZ XGj HbWZ (>X" 3ZLQ HO 48_ 3OQ [:>XQ JyB :|O; WL;Pj 3ZOeJZO LP %"4 L^"D 3O :3W\ HO [TFTZW F 3OQj H]OZFa DeJBQ Wa W"J"E W]EZOQj Ha= Wa W"J"[EB WLJMZ DeJZOZ Xe W3B\ XGj =GOe WQZX # $HFQ 3e w4 F H#8Z,7j

3>MZ

(24 $5JB Wa 23 [WB"JO)

LZ[W3 3Z?` # ,7HOO %HFa :e Me:FZ,7 JFZx XW Ta &W LZX H^O; XeFa 3F %WZO XWj $HFa 3ZL 3< 5[B LP Ba:\ :ZO; O4Pj H[OAZL W3ZOZ;L3 [LQP5aj &W LZX %H3e %XZO 1O JTZJ<M 3Z 4ZW 4MZQ O4FZ Xe5Zj &W LZX %H LZ5_DU_3 3< K^[L3Z [FKZ,75aj 6]=Fa 1O 3LO LP DD` 3< [U3ZMB OX W3B\ XGj J~Q 3Z JTZJ<M K\ FOL5OL OXE5Zj J]:]5U 3< WQZX Wa 3ZL 3OQj =GOe WQZX # JT [TTa3 Wa [FA_M Qa"j

B]QZ

(24 [WB"JO Wa 23 $1=@JO)

EF]

(23 FT"JO Wa 21 [DW"JO)

LZ[W3 3Z?` # GX;Q 2I Ig5M^_F %H3< %UZ,7, WHFa", %3N^Z,7 H^O; XeB\ F:O % OX; XWj [3JLB 3F [WBZOE K\ %H3F WZC XWj &W T1B %H $HFa LF 3< &59Z0" 3e H^OZ 3OFa 3F [Q, [3W\ K\ BOX 3F +M;F LP 3L\ F O4Pj 9Z2 $5O [TDEU $0MMF 3F [Q, :ZFZ 8ZXBa XG" MZ &WWa W"J"[EB HO;^Z DE OXE XW Be MX WX; WLM XGj 5_9X[AMN 4O;D-IOe2B LP GMJB OXQ5\j &QZ: 3F [Q, >;3 WLM XGj =GOe WQZX # UZL 3e L"[DO LP L\>; TJB] 3Z DZF DQj

L3O

(22 [DW"JO Wa 20 :FTO;)

LZ[W3 3Z?` # 8a9O,= _LA 1O MZ2Z 3F Me5 XWj GMZHZO 1O D@BO Wa W"J"[EB GMJBBZ,7 %H3F LF 3e GM[CB 1O [T8[QB O4P5\j HO7B] %H3F [Q, WK\ [FA_M %Fa TZQa WLM LP QZK+D [WJ XQ5aj H]OZFa [3, 5, TZMDQ 3e K\ H^OZ 3OFa 3Z ([8B WLM XGj vO 3F [OFBaDZOQ Wa LaQ L]QZ3ZB XeFa 3F Me5 XWj 3ZF^F\ 3ZM_TZX; Ba: Xe5\j ([8B WQZX Wa X; 3ZL 3OQj =GOe WQZX # WeLTZO 3e ,3 L]4\ z)Z^ EZOA 3OQj

3>8K

(21 :FTO; Wa 18 IOTO;)

LZ[W3 3Z?` # =@ 2I Tg>?KW MX LX;FZ JyB GMJB OXE5Zj %H3e [T[K>F ^a2Q LP $[B[O1B LZF[W3 1O UZO;[O3 3L 3OFZ H& W3BZ XGj $0MZ;L LP z[8 J'E5\j D@BO LP ,3 F' 9[T JFa5\j [TF& OXQ 1O $HFa 3ZL Wa 3ZL O4Pj D@BO LP wFLFQ HO 0MZF F DQj T1B %Fa HO WJ >;3 Xe :Z,5Zj 4O;D; -[J"< 1O [FTaU 3F [Q, WLM U]K XGj +gH=@ 3< 4O;D LP :EDJZ:\ F 3OQj =GOe WQZX # +[B["MZ F DQj

LZ[W3 3Z?` # Ch\ 2I HP=E3EW D@BO LP JTB"2 [FA_M QaFZ 8ZXQ5aj $5O -WZ FX" XeBZ Be BFZT F QPj %H3Z W8aB HO W"3e8\ LF KZTFZ0" 3F %DZF +DZF Wa J8FZ 8ZXE5Zj $8ZF3 EF QZK 3F Me5 XG"j 9Z2Q 3F [Q, $59E $TWO XWj L\[?MZ Wa :]&E GM[1BMQ 3< 3QZ;L3 $[KGM[1B 3e WOZXFZ [LQa5\j J58Q 3F JTZJ<M 3Z 4MZQ O4Pj L[XQZ0" 3e Ha= 1O 9ZB\ Wa W"J"[EB WLJMZ Xe W3B\ XGj =GOe WQZX # 8ZTQ 3Z DZF U]K IQ DE5Zj

T_[F83 (24 $1=@JO Wa 22 FT"JO)

L\F (19 IOTO; Wa 20 LZ8_) LZ[W3 3Z?` # ,W 2I HP=E3EW %M 1O EF $[:_B 3OFa 3< ^LBZ 3F W"DK_ LP %H3< [3JLB 3Z [WBZOZ 8L3 W3BZ XGj JTZKZ[T3 |H Wa %H3< [T_\M WLJMZ XQ Xe5\j UaMW_ Wa IZMDZ Xe W3BZ XGj HPUF Me:FZ,7 K\ QZK DQ5\j M]TZ (BZTQaHF HO [FM"2A O4Pj WX;-5QB HO [T8ZO 3OFa 3F JZD X; [3W\ 3ZM_ 3< [:CLaDZO; QPj WZQ 3Z $"B KZTFZ;L3 BFZT Qa3O % OXZ XGj =GOe WQZX # DOTZ:a HO H\Qa 1O WIFD IAQ Q5Z,7j

LZ[W3 3Z?` # ,W 2I Wg?KW_ +ZC[L3BZ0" 3F W"DK_ LP ,3 JZO [IO %H3F :\TF LP (CQ-H]CQ Xe5\j $HFQ 3< [U3ZMB 1O F3ZOZ;L3 GMTXZO Wa [T8[QB OX W3Ba XWj 3ZF^F\ 3Z5:ZB MZ [FTaU H2Q 3e W"KZQ 3O O4Pj M]TZ0" 3F [Q, LZX 3Z $"B 4]U4JO; Qa3O %,5Zj JTZJ<M L0ML OXE5Zj 4ZF-HZF HO 0MZF DQj JZXO 3Z Ke:F F 3OEQ Be $59Z Xe5Zj =GOe WQZX # HZF\ LP FL3 ?ZQ 3O JFZF 3OQj 72 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = ¥ ÅêUÕÚU w®vv


Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.